adp, atp and cellular respiration. what is atp? adenosine triphosphate molecule containing...
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ADP, ATP and ADP, ATP and Cellular Cellular
RespirationRespiration
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What Is ATP?What Is ATP?
Adenosine TriphosphateAdenosine Triphosphate
Molecule containing high-Molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bondsenergy Phosphate bonds
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Chemical Structure of Chemical Structure of ATPATP
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar
Adenine Base
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What Does ATP Do for What Does ATP Do for You?You?
It supplies YOU withIt supplies YOU with ENERGY!ENERGY!
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How Do We Get Energy How Do We Get Energy From ATP?From ATP?
By breaking By breaking the high- the high- energy energy bonds bonds between between the the last two last two phosphates phosphates in ATPin ATP
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What is the Process What is the Process Called?Called?
HYDROLYSIS (Adding HHYDROLYSIS (Adding H22O)O)
H2O
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How Does That How Does That Happen?Happen?
An An Enzyme!Enzyme!
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How is ATP Re-Made?How is ATP Re-Made?
The reverse of the previous The reverse of the previous process occurs.process occurs.
Another Another Enzyme is Enzyme is used!used!ATP ATP SynthetaseSynthetase
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The ADP-ATP CycleThe ADP-ATP Cycle
ATP-ATP-asease
ATP ATP SynthetaSynthetasese
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When is ATP Made in When is ATP Made in the Body?the Body?
During a During a Process Process called called Cellular Cellular RespirationRespiration that takes that takes place in both place in both Plants & Plants & AnimalsAnimals
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Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
Includes pathways that Includes pathways that require oxygenrequire oxygen
Breakdown of one glucose Breakdown of one glucose molecule produces molecule produces 36 ATP36 ATP molecules molecules
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Overall Equation for Overall Equation for Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
6CO6CO22 + 6H + 6H220 + 360 + 36ATP’sATP’s
CC66HH1212OO6 6 + 6O+ 6O22
YIELDSYIELDS
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Important Molecules in Important Molecules in Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
CO2 – Carbon Dioxide
ATP – Adenine triphosphate
NAD – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
FAD – Flavin adenine dinucleotide
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What are the Stages of What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?Cellular Respiration?
STEP 1 - GlycolysisSTEP 1 - GlycolysisSTEP 2 - The Krebs CycleSTEP 2 - The Krebs CycleSTEP 3 - The Electron STEP 3 - The Electron
Transport Chain (ETC)Transport Chain (ETC)
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Where Does Cellular Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?Respiration Take Place?
It actually It actually takes place takes place in two parts in two parts of the cell:of the cell:
Glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in the occurs in the CytoplasmCytoplasmKrebs Cycle & Krebs Cycle & ETC TakeETC Take place place in the in the MitochondriaMitochondria
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Mitochondria StructureMitochondria Structure
SmoothSmooth outer outer MembraneMembrane
FoldedFolded inner inner membranemembrane
Folds called Folds called CristaeCristae
Space inside Space inside cristae called cristae called the the MatrixMatrix
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Diagram of the Diagram of the ProcessProcess
Occurs in
Cytoplasm Occurs
in Matrix
Occurs across Cristae
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STEP 1 Glycolysis STEP 1 Glycolysis SummarySummary
Takes place in the Takes place in the CytoplasmCytoplasm
Anaerobic Anaerobic (Doesn’t Use (Doesn’t Use Oxygen)Oxygen)Uses Uses 2 molecules of ATP2 molecules of ATP
Glucose split into two Glucose split into two molecules of molecules of Pyruvic AcidPyruvic Acid
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Glycolysis Glycolysis SummarySummary
Produces Produces 2 NAD and 4 ATP 2 NAD and 4 ATP moleculesmolecules
• (2 ATP Used & 4 Produced so (2 ATP Used & 4 Produced so overall 2 ATP molecules from overall 2 ATP molecules from glycolysis)glycolysis)
• Pyruvate is oxidized to Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl Acetyl CoACoA and and COCO22 is removed is removed
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Glycolysis DiagramGlycolysis Diagram
GLUCOSE (6 Carbon)⇓
2 PYRUVATE (3 Carbon) + 2ATP
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FermentationFermentation
Occurs when OOccurs when O22 NOTNOT present present (anaerobic)(anaerobic)
Called Called Lactic AcidLactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells fermentation in muscle cells (makes (makes muscles tiredmuscles tired))
Makes only Makes only 2 ATP molecules2 ATP molecules
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Krebs Cycle Krebs Cycle SummarySummary
Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)
Cyclical series of reactions that Cyclical series of reactions that give off give off COCO22 and produce and produce one ATP one ATP per cycleper cycle
Turns Turns twicetwice per glucose molecule per glucose moleculeProduces Produces 2 ATP molecules2 ATP molecules
Takes place in Takes place in matrix of matrix of
mitochondriamitochondria
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Krebs Cycle Krebs Cycle SummarySummary
Each turn of the Krebs Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces Cycle also produces 3NADH, 1FADH3NADH, 1FADH22, and 2CO, and 2CO22
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Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle
ATP
NETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADHNETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADH22, & 2CO, & 2CO22
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Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Chain SummarySummary
32 ATP32 ATP Produced Produced
HH22OO Produced Produced
Occurs Across Occurs Across Inner Inner Mitochondrial membraneMitochondrial membrane
Uses coenzymes Uses coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ NAD+ and FAD+ to accept electrons from glucoseto accept electrons from glucose