ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

3 broad categories why ATP is consumed• Involved in the synthesis of polysaccharides,

fats, proteins, and assembly of DNA & RNA.

• Movement of cilia/flagella, the contraction of muscle proteins, or intracellular movement such as chromosome separation and cytoplasmic streaming.

• Active Transport of molecules and ions through the cell membrane

ATP Structure

3 parts => adenine base, ribose, and three phosphates (see Fig. 6.16)

The Release of Energy

Work of ATP

Cycling of ATP (see Fig. 6.18)

substrate-level phosphorylationoxidative phosphorylation

photophosphorylation

Process of Making ATP

Redox Reactions (Oxidation and Reduction)

• oxidation –

• reduction –

1. Coenzymes

Electrons get passed along a membrane by coenzymes and stationary carriers collectively called a electron transport system (ETS)

2. Stationary Electron Carriers

ChemiosmoticPhosphorylation/Chemiosmosis

Electron Transport System and ATP Synthesis (1033.0K)

Certain cyanide compounds, for example, are poisonous because they bind to the copper atom in cytochrome oxidase. This binding blocks the electron transport system in the mitochondria where ATP manufacture occurs

All life produces ATP by three basic chemical methods only: oxidative phosphorylation, photophosphorylation, and substrate-level phosphorylation

We know only four basic methods of producing ATP: in bacterial cell walls, in the cytoplasm by photosynthesis, in chloroplasts, and in mitochondria