addtnl written report

8/10/2019 Addtnl Written Report

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ARTICLE IICOMMERCIAL FISHERIES

Another activity regulated by the Philippine Fisheries Code or RA 8550 are commercial fisheries. Ingeneral, the Code defines commercial fisheries as:

The taking of fishery species by passive or active gear for trade, business and profit beyondsubsistence or sports fishing. 1

Consequently, in order to regulate commercial fisheries, the Code requires under Sec. 26 that those whowill be engaging in commercial fisheries must first obtain the necessary license. The Code provides that:

Section 26. Commercial Fishing Vessel License and Other Licenses. - No person shall operate acommercial fishing vessel, pearl fishing vessel or fishing vessel for scientific, research oreducational purposes, or engage in any fishery activity, or seek employment as a fishworker orpearl diver without first securing a license from the Department, the period of which shall be

prescribed by the Department: Provided, That no such license shall be required of a fishingvessel engaged in scientific, research or educational purposes within Philippine waters pursuantto an international agreement of which the Philippines is a signatory and which agreementdefines the status, privileges and obligations of said vessel and its crew and the non-Filipinoofficials of the international agency under which said vessel operates: Provided, further, Thatmembers of the crew of a fishing vessel used for commercial fishing except the duly licensedand/or authorized patrons, marine engineers, radio operators and cooks shall be considered asfisherfolk: Provided, furthermore, That all skippers/master fishers shall be required to undertakean orientation training on detection of fish caught by illegal means before they can be issuedtheir fishworker licenses: Provided, finally, That the large commercial fishing vessels licenseherein authorized to be granted shall allow the licensee to operate only in Philippine watersseven (7) or more fathoms deep, the depth to be certified by the NAMRIA, and subject to theconditions that may be stated therein and the rules and regulations that may be promulgated bythe Department.

Pursuant to this section, before a person or entity be able to engage in commercial fisheries, acommercial fishing vessel license must first be obtained from the Department of Agriculture. In addition to thislicense, the crew members of a fishing vessel or fisherfolks, with the exception of those duly licensed andauthorized patrons, marine engineers, radio operators and cooks, are required to apply for a separate fisherfolklicense. The section, however, excludes those commercial fishing vessels used based on internationalagreements entered into by the Philippine government.

In relation to the registration of license, the Code further provides the persons who are eligible to apply

for a commercial fishing vessel license.2

Section 27. Persons Eligible for Commercial Fishing Vessel License. - No commercial fishingvessel license shall be issued except to citizens of the Philippines, partnerships or toassociations, cooperatives or corporations duly registered in the Philippines at least sixtypercent (60%) of the capital stock of which is owned by Filipino citizens. No person to whom a

1Sec. 4(10), RA 8550.2 Sec. 27, RA 8550.


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These two requirements are important in order for the Department to effectively regulate the fisheriesactivities. Furthermore, non-compliance with these requirements constitutes a violation of the prohibitionsprovided for in the Code. 8 Each commercial fishing boat license shall be renewed every three (3) years. 9

Another important feature of the Code is the regulation of the fishing of Philippine commercial fishingfleet in international waters. 10Fishing vessels of Philippine registry may operate in international waters or watersof other countries which allow such fishing operations, subject to the following conditions 11 :

a. There must first be compliance with the safety, manning and other requirements of the PhilippineCoast Guard, Maritime Industry Authority and other agencies concerned;

b. The vessels must be able to secure an international fishing permit and certificate of clearance fromthe Department;

c. The fish caught by such vessels shall be considered as caught in Philippine waters and therefore notsubject to all import duties and taxes only when the same is landed in duly designated fish landingsand fish ports in the Philippines;

d. Landing ports established by canneries, seafood processors and all fish landing sites establishedprior to the effectivity of this Code shall be considered authorized landing sites; and

e. The fishworkers on board Philippine registered fishing vessels conducting fishing activities beyondthe Philippine Exclusive Economic Zone are not considered as overseas Filipino workers.

ARTICLE IIIAQUACULTURE

Aquaculture, in its general fishery operations, involves all forms of raising and culturing fish and otherfishery species in fresh, brackish and marine water areas. 12

As discussed in the earlier part of the semester, the general rule is that public lands such as tidalswamps, mangroves, marshes, foreshore lands and ponds suitable for fishery operations shall not be disposed oralienated. The Philippine Fisheries Code, however, provides that FLA may be issued for public lands that may bedeclared available for fishpond development primarily to qualified fisherfolk cooperatives or associations. 13 TheCode provides that:

Section 45. Disposition of Public Lands for Fishery Purposes. - Public lands such as tidal swamps,mangroves, marshes, foreshore lands and ponds suitable for fishery operations shall not bedisposed or alienated. Upon effectivity of this Code, FLA may be issued for public lands that maybe declared available for fishpond development primarily to qualified fisherfolkcooperatives/associations: Provided, however, That upon the expiration of existing FLAs the

current lessees shall be given priority and be entitled to an extension of twenty-five (25) years inthe utilization of their respective leased areas. Thereafter, such FLAs shall be granted to anyFilipino citizen with preference, primarily to qualified fisherfolk cooperatives/associations as

8Sec. 86, 90, Ibid .9Sec. 30, Ibid. 10 Sec. 32, Ibid. 11 Ibid. 12 Sec. 4(3), Ibid. 13 Sec. 45, Ibid.


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well as small and medium enterprises as defined under Republic Act No. 8289: Provided,further, That the Department shall declare as reservation, portions of available public landscertified as suitable for fishpond purposes for fish sanctuary, conservation, and ecologicalpurposes: Provided, finally, That two (2) years after the approval of this Act, no fish pens or fishcages or fish traps shall be allowed in lakes.

Based on the abovementioned section, the following conditionsmust concur in order for an FLA to beapproved 14:

(a) Areas leased for fishpond purposes shall be no more than 50 hectares for individuals and 250hectares for corporations or fisherfolk organizations;

(b) The lease shall be for a period of twenty-five (25) years and renewable for another twenty-five (25) years: In case of the death of the lessee, his spouse and/or children, as his heirs, shall have

preemptive rights to the unexpired term of his Fishpond Lease Agreement subject to the

same terms and conditions provided herein provided that the said heirs are qualified;

(c) Lease rates for fishpond areas shall be determined by the Department; All fees collected shall be remitted to the National Fisheries Research and Development

Institute and other qualified research institutions to be used for aquaculture researchdevelopment;

(d) The area leased shall be developed and producing on a commercial scale within 3 years fromthe approval of the lease contract; However, all areas not fully producing within five (5) years from the date of approval of the

lease contract shall automatically revert to the public domain for reforestation;

(e) The fishpond shall not be subleased, in whole or in part, and failure to comply with thisprovision shall mean cancellation of FLA;

(f) The transfer or assignment of rights to FLA shall be allowed only upon prior written approvalof the Department;

(g) The lessee shall undertake reforestation for river banks, bays, streams, and seashore frontingthe dike of his fishpond subject to the rules and regulations to be promulgated thereon; and

(h) The lessee shall provide facilities that will minimize environmental pollution, i.e., settlingponds, reservoirs, etc;

Failure to comply with this provision shall mean cancellation of FLA.

In relation to the cultivation and production requirement provided for, areas that are not fully producingshall automatically revert to the public domain for reforestation. This also includes the reversion of allabandoned, undeveloped or underutilized fishponds. 15

14 Sec. 46, Ibid. 15 Sec. 49, Ibid.


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The DENR, in coordination with the DA, LGUs, other concerned agencies and FARMCs shall determinewhich abandoned, underdeveloped or underutilized fishponds covered by FLAs can be reverted to their originalmangrove state and shall take all steps necessary to restore such areas in their original mangrove state. 16As oneof the conditions of being granted with a license is to develop and produce on the area leased a commercialscale within 3 years, non-compliance within such period or non-utilization within 5 years, would serve as aground for reversion of the leased area.

ABSENTEE FISHPOND LEASE AGREEMENT HOLDERS Holders of fishpond lease agreements who have acquired citizenship in another country during the

existence of the FLA shall have their lease automatically cancelled and the improvements thereon to be forfeitedin favor of the government and disposed of in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated thereon. 17

LICENSE TO OPERATE FISH PENS, FISH CAGES, FISH TRAPS AND OTHER STRUCTURES FOR THE CULTURE OF FISHAND OTHER FISHERY PRODUCTS18

Section 51. License to Operate Fish Pens, Fish Cages, Fish Traps and Other Structures for theCulture of Fish and Other Fishery Products. - Fish pens, fish cages, fish traps and other

structures for the culture of fish and other fishery products shall be constructed and shalloperate only within established zones duly designated by LGUs in consultation with the FARMCsconcerned consistent with national fisheries policies after the corresponding licenses thereofhave been secured. The area to be utilized for this purpose for individual person shall bedetermined by the LGUs in consultation with the concerned FARMC: Provided, however, Thatnot over ten percent (10%) of the suitable water surface area of all lakes and rivers shall beallotted for aquaculture purposes like fish pens, fish cages and fish traps; and the stockingdensity and feeding requirement which shall be controlled and determined by its carryingcapacity: Provided, further, That fish pens and fish cages located outside municipal waters shallbe constructed and operated only within fish pen and fish cage belts designated by theDepartment and after corresponding licenses therefor have been secured and the fees thereof

paid.

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR AQUACULTUREThe Department shall establish a code of practice for aquaculture that will outline general principles and

guidelines for environmentally-sound design and operation to promote the sustainable development of theindustry. 19As such, Fisheries Administrative Order 214 (s. 2001) Code of Practice for Aquaculture wassubsequently issued.

16 Sec. 49, Ibid. 17 Sec. 50, Ibid. 18 Sec. 51, Ibid. 19 Sec. 47, Ibid.


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CHAPTER IVFishery Reserves Refuge and Sanctuaries

Section 80. Fishing Areas Reserves for Exclusive Use of Government. - The Department may designate area orareas in Philippine waters beyond fifteen (15) kilometers from shoreline as fishery reservation for the exclusiveuse of the government or any of its political subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities, for propagation,educational, research and scientific purposes: Provided, That in municipalities or cities, the concerned LGUs inconsultation with the FARMCs may recommend to the Department that portion of the municipal waters bedeclared as fishery reserves for special or limited use, for educational, research, and/or special managementpurposes. The FARMCs may recommend to the Department portions of the municipal waters which can bedeclared as fisheries reserves for special or limited use for educational, research and special managementpurposes.

Section 81. Fish Refuge and Sanctuaries. - The Department may establish fish refuge and sanctuaries to beadministered in the manner to be prescribed by the BFAR at least twenty-five percent (25%) but not more thanforty percent (40%) of bays, foreshore lands, continental shelf or any fishing ground shall be set aside for thecultivation of mangroves to strengthen the habitat and the spawning grounds of fish. Within these areas nocommercial fishing shall be allowed. All marine fishery reserves, fish sanctuaries and mangrove swampreservations already declared or proclaimed by the President or legislated by the Congress of the Philippinesshall be continuously administered and supervised by the concerned agency: Provided, however, That inmunicipal waters, the concerned LGU in consultation with the FARMCs may establish fishery refuge andsanctuaries. The FARMCs may also recommend fishery refuge and sanctuaries: Provided, further, That at leastfifteen percent (15%) where applicable of the total coastal areas in each municipality shall be identified, basedon the best available scientific data and in consultation with the Department, and automatically designated asfish sanctuaries by the LGUs in consultation with the concerned FARMCs.

An example of a fishing sanctuary would be the Apo Island Marine Sanctuary in Dumaguete, Negros Oriental. The ApoIsland Marine Sanctuary is a protected reef where fishing is strictly prohibited. However, traditional methods of fishing areallowed beyond the sanctuarys area and never the harmful and non -ecological methods like muro-ami and other relatedmethods. Traditional methods would include hook and line, bamboo traps, gill nets, spearfishing without scuba, and other kinds ofnetting. 20

20 Picture credits to the Negros provincial government website


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CHAPTER VIProhibitions and Penalties

In general, the prohibitions under the RA 8550 are enumerated under Sections.86 to 103.

1. Unauthorized Fishing or Engaging in Other Unauthorized Fisheries Activities

The Code prohibits from conducting any fishery activity in the absence of a license, lease or permit.Persons in area who do not have the permit or registration papers for a fishing vessel shallconstitute a prima facie presumption that he isengaged in unauthorized fishing. However,fishing for daily food consumption or forleisure which is not for commercial,occupation or livelihood purposes is allowed.Conducting commercial fishery activities indeclared over-exploited bays and in such other

fishery management areas shall also bedeemed unlawful under this section. 21

2. Poaching in Philippine Waters

Any foreign person, corporation or entity isprohibited to fish or operate any fishing vessel in Philippine waters.The entry of any foreign fishingvessel in Philippine waters shall constitute a prima facie evidence that the vessel is engaged infishing in Philippine waters. 22

Last May 2014, 9 Chinese national were charged with a violation of this section after being caught inPalawan.

3. Fishing Through Explosives, Noxious or Poisonous Substance, and/or Electricity

4. Use of Fine Mesh Net 23

5. Use of Active Gear in the Municipal Waters and Bays and Other Fishery Management Areas 24

21 Sec. 86, Ibid.22 Sec. 87, Ibid. 23 Sec. 89, Ibid. 24 Sec. 90, Ibid.


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The Supreme Court has ruled to enforce the ban of Danish Seine locally known as hulbot -hulbotand Modified Danish Seine locally known as buli -buli mode of fishing in Philippine waters. TheBureau of Fisheries Administrative Order No. 246 of has sought for a nationwide ban of hulbot-hulbot and buli-buli fishing.In a resolution dated July 7, the high court issued a TemporaryRestraining Order against a court order issued by the Malabon Regional Trial Court prohibiting DA-BFAR from implementing FAO 246.Danish Seine and its modified form are active fishing gears oftenused in commercial fishing. 25

*Play Hulbot-Hulbot documentary excerpt.

6. Ban on Coral Exploitation and Exportation 26 7. Ban on Muro-Ami Other Methods and Gear Destructive to Coral Reefs and Other Marine Habitat 27

Muro ami is a fishing method used in fishing by means of a movable bag net, detachable wings andiron / stone weights. This is deemed to be effective in fish capture by spreading the net in an arcaround reefs or shoals which drive the fish towards the waiting net. The weights used pounds the

corals, thus destroying it. 28

*Play Muro Ami movie excerpt

8. Illegal Use of Superlights 29 9. Conversion of Mangroves 30

Mangroves are given high importance under the Code because the mangroves are deemed to be thefoundation of the ecosystem. Thus, it is given a higher penalty compared to the other crimes.

10. Fishing in Overfished Area and During Closed Season 31

11. Fishing in Fishery Reserves, Refuge and Sanctuaries

32

12. Fishing Or Taking of Rare, Threatened or Endangered Species 33 13. Capture of Sabalo and Other Breeders/Spawners 34 14. Exportation of Breeders, Spawners, Eggs or Fry 35 15. Importation or Exportation of Fish or Fishery Species 36 16. Violation of Catch Ceilings 37 17. Aquatic Pollution 38 18. Commercial Fishing Vessel Operators Employing Unlicensed Fisherfolk or Fishworker or Crew 39 19. Obstruction of Defined Migration Paths 40

25 Rubio, Gregg. SC bans hulbot - hulbot and buli - buli fishing. The Philippine Star. (May 2014).26 Sec. 91, Ibid.27 Sec. 92, Ibid .28 Fisheries Administrative Order 203. (2000).29 Sec. 93, RA 8550.30 Sec. 94, Ibid .31 Sec. 95, Ibid .32 Sec. 96, Ibid .33 Sec. 97, Ibid .34 Sec. 98, Ibid .35 Sec. 99, Ibid .36 Sec. 100, Ibid .37 Sec. 101, Ibid .38 Sec. 102, Ibid .39 Sec. 103, Ibid .40 Ibid .


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20. Obstruction to Fishery Law Enforcement Officer 41

Different Categorization of the Prohibition for Easier Understanding

Based On Fishing Method Employed Actual Use of Explosives, Noxious or Poisonous Substances and/or Electricity for illegal fishing Sec 88,

par 1(b) Actual Use of Explosives, Noxious or Poisonous Substances and/or Electricity for illegal purposes (Sec.

88) Mere possession of explosives, noxious or poisonous substances and/or electro fishing devices for illegal

fishing (Sec 88) Dealing in, selling, or disposing of, for profit, illegally caught, fish species (Sec 88) Use of fine mesh net (Sec 88) Use of active gear in municipal waters and bays and other fishery management are (Sec 90) Ban on muro -ami and any of its variations (Sec 92) Ban on gear and methods which destroy coral reefs, seagrass beds and other fishery marine life habitat

(Sec 92) Illegal use of superlight within municipal waters

Based On Location Of Fishery Activity Commercial fishing vessels fishing within municipal waters (Sec 86 in relation to Sec 18) Commercial fishing vessels fishing in bays and fishery management areas declared as overexploited (Sec.

86 par 3) Commercial fishing activities by municipal fisherfolk within municipal waters without being listed in the

registry of municipal fisherfolk (Sec 86 par 5) Poaching in Philippine waters (Sec 87) Fishing in Overfished areas during closed season (Sec 95) Fishing in fishery reserves, refuge, and sanctuaries (Sec 96) Use of active gear in Municipal waters and bays and other fishery management areas (Sec 90) Illegal use of superlight (Sec 93)

Based On Resource Exploited Ban on coral exploitation and exploration (Sec 91) Ban on gathering, selling, exporting of white sand, silica and pebbles and other substances that make up

the marine habitat (Sec 92) Conversion of mangroves (Sec 94) Ban on thetaking or catching, selling, purchasing, and possessing, transporting, and exporting of whale

sharks and manta rays (Sec 65 & 107) Capture of sabalo and other breeders/ spawners (Sec 98) Gathering and marketing of shell fish (Sec 103)

Other Prohibited / Regulated Activities Engaging any fishery activity within Philippine waters without any license, lease or permit (Sec 86, par 1) Importation or exportation of fish or fishery species (Sec 100)

41 Ibid .


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Violation of catch ceiling Aquatic pollution (Sec 101) Failure to comply with minimum safety standards (Sec 103, spar a) Failure to conduct yearly report on all fishponds, fish pens, and fish cages (Sec 103, par (b)) Obstruction to navigation or flow and ebb or tide in any stream, river, lake, or bay (Sec 103 par d)

Construction and operation of fish corals/ traps, fish pens and fish cages (Sec 103 par e)

APPLICATION

CASE:HON. ARSENIO N. ROLDAN, JR., in his capacity as Acting Commissioner, Philippine Fisheries Commission, andTHE PHILIPPINE NAVY vs. HON. FRANCISCO ARCA, as Presiding Judge of the Court of First Instance of Manila(Branch 1) and MORABE, DE GUZMAN & COMPANY. G.R. No. L-25434 (July 25, 1975)

FACTS: Members of the crew of fishing vessels of private respondent were caught in flagrante illegallyfishing with dynamite without the requisite license.

RULING: The apprehension without a warrant of arrest while committing acrime was lawful. The consequentseizure of the vessel, its equipment and dynamites therein was held valid as an incident to a lawful arrest.

DOCTRINE: Search and seizure without a search warrant of vessels and aircrafts for violations of customslaws have been a traditional exception to the constitutional requirement of a search warrant. This exceptionalso applies to seizures of fishing vessles and boats breaching our fishery laws. These vessels are normallypowered by high-speed motors that enable them to elude arrests made by government authoritiesenforcing our fishery laws.

Although this case was promulgated before the Philippine Fisheries Code was enacted, this case servesas a foundation of the proper implemention of the different environmental laws in the country, most especiallyof the Code.


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Obligation and Rights of Coastal StatesPrimary obligations

1) Ensure through proper conservation and management measures that the living resources of the EEZ are

not subjected to over-exploitation. Includes duty to maintain an restore populations of harvestedfisheries at levels which produce a maximum sustainable yield

2) Promote the objective of optimum utilization of the living resources. Includes duty to dete rmine theallowable catch of living resources. If the coastal state dos no have the capacity to harvest the allowablecatch, it must grant access to other states.

Application

The Local Government of General Santos city encouraged its locals to completely utilize the other partsof the fish. Example is the use of the tuna skin and the introduction of a process or a technology which wouldturn the tuna skin into a chicharon, a product well loved not only by the locals but also by the tourists.

1)Tuna siomai, tuna hotdogs 2) Tuna nuggets, balls, embutido 3)Tuna Chicharon 42

Images from http://google.com.ph
http://google.com.ph/http://google.com.ph/http://google.com.ph/http://google.com.ph/


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Right

1) Right to explore and exploit its natural resources , to erect installations needed, to erect a safety zoneover its installations with a radius of 500 meters.

*This right does not affect the right of navigation of others. It does not extend to non-resources material in theshelf area (ex: wrecked ship and their cargoes)

Application

ABS-CBN NEWS, MANILA - As China asserts its presence in the West Philippine Sea, Filipino fishermen are actively avoiding Scarborough Shoal in the waters just off Zambales province.

Amid the tension in the western sea board, the Philippines has announced the opening of a new fishing ground in the east -- the Benham Rise.

Benham Rise, a 13-million hectare undersea region that has untapped potentially rich mineral and gas deposits, is located off the coast of Aurora province,opposite the disputed waters of South China Sea.

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) Director Asis Perez said more than 60 fish-aggregating devices will be installed at Benham Rise starting May30.

According to BFAR, the area is rich in marine resources.

"Maraming tuna, merong blue fin tuna, pinakamahal na isda. May galunggong, lapu-lapu, isdang bato," Perez said.

The government is confident the new fishing ground will not be a subject of a territorial dispute in the future.


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Application

Cordillera: From Rice to Fish Terraces The Cordillera is made famous by its legendary rice terraces. Only few Filipinos know however that this vast mountain region s little-known secret is its fish terraces. BY LYN V. RAMO, Northern Dispatch, Posted by Bulatlat LA TRINIDAD, Benguet - My earnings may not be enough but at least my children eat fish when they want it, said William Lapaan, acooperator of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources i n a Kapihan (coffee talk) sa Benguet here last week.Lapaan said he does not ask his children for transport fare now that he is engaged in fish culture along Kennon Road in Tuba town.Lapaan began operating his fish terraces in 1999 but his 75 sq. m. - ponds were washed out due to a typhoon. In 2002, he begandeveloping 11 ponds for tilapia (jacket fish) and one breeding pond for carp.Nilagyan ko ng 232 piraso ang unang pond (I put 232 fingerlings into the first pond) from which I harvested more than 25 kilos, Lapaanrelates. His second pond had 210 fingerlings and yielded 37 kilos. This encouraged him to tend the fish terraces until today. Hisfingerlings originally came from a fish market in Muoz, Nueva Ecija.Lapaan admits, however, that his income from the fishponds is drawn from the high price he sets for his harvest in order to break even -

and not on the yield of the ponds.Mahal ang benta ko kundi malulugi ako , (I sell at a very high price otherwise I will not earn) Lapaan explains. He sells his tilapia forP100 a kilo among his neighbors and tourists who travel on the treacherous Kennon Road. The average price of tilapia from Ambuklao inBokod, Benguet is only P85-P90 a kilo.Fish terraces benefit rice fieldsAnother cooperator, Rosalina Luz Labotan, said she was lucky to be a beneficiary of BFARs fishery program. She had invested on fishterraces, converting some of her rice paddies and vegetable garden into fish ponds after receiving a P100,000 financial assistance fromBFAR.Her farm in Taloy, Tuba is fed with irrigation water a must for the fish terraces technology popularized by the BFAR-Cordillera. RebeccaDang-awan, BFAR regional director, explains that water should continuously flow into the fish ponds for fish production.Water from the fishponds, Dang-awan also says, may be used for rice fields and vegetable gardens found below the fish terraces. Theorganic materials from feeds that fish cannot consume as well as from their excreta fertilize the rice paddies.Robert Solano, another fish farmer from Nangalisan, Tuba confirms that his farmer neighbors had been too glad to see the high rice yieldsafter he had built his fish terraces. Fertilizers used to be unpopular among the farmers until they noticed his higher palay yields since hestarted tending his tilapia terraces in 1998.Giant prawns Aside from tilapia , Solano raises ulang (giant prawn), carp and eel. Raising ulang , he says, is very promising, too: In just five months, 22pieces a kilo can be harvested.Solanos fish terraces have also inspired other farmers in Nangalisan. Illegal fishing methods such as the use of sodium cyanide andelectrocution have been slowly scrapped, he says.The Cordillera is the only land-locked region in the Philippines. Although inland water bodies are too small for fish production, explainsDang- awan, good technology may improve the mountain ranges fish production. Rice terraces have also been introduced in Ifugao. Cage culture in the Ambuklao dam in Bokod also provides livelihood to Cordillera fishfarmers. NORDIS / Posted by Bulatlat


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OTHER SOURCES

For Videos included in the presentation:www.youtube.com

Philippine Map

1) Exploitation mapwww.bfar.gov.ph

2) Territorial waterswww.google.com
http://www.youtube.com/http://www.youtube.com/http://www.bfar.gov.ph/http://www.bfar.gov.ph/http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.bfar.gov.ph/http://www.youtube.com/

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