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ZIMBABWE
MINISTRY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
ACCOUNTING SYLLABUS
FORMS 5 - 6
2015 - 2022
Curriculum Development and Technical ServicesP. O. Box MP 133Mount Pleasant
Harare
© All Rrights Reserved2015
i
Accounting Syllabus Forms 5 - 6
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education wishes to acknowledge the following for their valued contribution in the production of this syllabus:
- The National Accounting syllabus panellists- Representatives from Universities and Colleges- Representatives from various organisations- Zimbabwe Schools Examination Council (ZIMSEC)- United Nation Children’s Education Fund (UNICEF)- United Nation Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
Accounting Syllabus Forms 5 - 6
ii
CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................i
CONTENTS .........................................................................................................................................ii
1.0 PREAMBLE ................................................................................................................................1
2.0 PRESENTATION OF SYLLABUS ...............................................................................................1
3.0 AIMS ..............................................................................................................................................1
4.0 SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES ...........................................................................................................2
5.0 METHODOLOGY AND TIME ALLOCATION ................................................................................2
6.0 TOPICS .........................................................................................................................................2
7.0 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE ............................................................................................................3
8.0 COMPETENCY MATRIX ...............................................................................................................12
FORM 5 ...............................................................................................................................................12
FORM 6 ...............................................................................................................................................20
9.0 SCHEME OF ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................................28
11
1.0 PREAMBLE
1.1 Introduction
This Accounting Syllabus is designed for form 5 and 6 learners. Learners wishing to pursue Accounting at form 5 and 6 should have successfully completed Principles of Accounting at form 4. The syllabus helps to promote the development of accounting skills in an indigenised economy which foster attributes of investigation and enquiry in learners. These attributes are critical elements of a sound and vibrant business as they enhance self-reliance and promote the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools in processing business transactions. This syllabus also acts as a pathway for entry into tertiary education.
1.2 Rationale
Zimbabwe’s indigenisation policy encourages learners to apply enterprising skills and to create employment. The accounting concepts, policies and business ethics will equip learners with a diverse knowledge to live in a changing economic and technological environment. The accounting syllabus seeks to inculcate the values of Unhu/Ubuntu/Vumunhu and also enables learners to apply accounting knowledge and skills to provide solutions to the challenges of the individual, community and the world of business at large. It acts as a gateway to careers in such fields as teaching, bookkeeping, auditing, accounting, banking and finance.
The Accounting syllabus enables learners to develop skills in:
• Critical thinking• Problem solving• Decision making• Management• Communication and team building• Technology
1.3 Summary of Content
The syllabus will cover financial accounting and reporting as well as cost and management accounting for different forms of organisations, using both manual and comput-erised systems.
1.4 Assumptions
The syllabus assumes that learners:
• have Principles of Accounting and Mathematics passes at form 4
• are aware of the role of Accounting in organisa-tions
• have acquired computer literacy skills
1.5 Cross - cutting themes
Accounting is a learning area that will encompass and address the following cross cutting issues:
• Enterprise• ICT• Financial literacy• Team work• Gender equity• Children’s constitutional rights and responsibilities• Disaster risk management• Environmental issues• Guidance and counselling• Unhu/Ubuntu/Vumunhu (norms and values)
2.0 PRESENTATION OF SYLLABUSThe Form 5 and 6 Accounting syllabus is presented as a single document. It is a two year learning area including a competence matrix and a suggested list of resources that can be used.
3.0 AIMSThe syllabus aims to enable learners to:
3.1 develop the knowledge and skills of applying accounting concepts, principles and practices.
3.2 exhibit competencies of planning, budgeting and management of financial resources.
3.3 acquire a critical and analytical approach to examining and evaluating accounting policies and practices.
3.4 develop skills of communication, analysis, interpretation and presentation of both quanti-tative and qualitative accounting information.
3.5 appreciate the role of accounting in business.3.6 design and evaluate a project and make in-
formed decisions.
Accounting Syllabus Forms 5 - 6
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3.7 apply self-respect and respect for others (Unhu/Ubuntu/Vumunhu) when performing business transactions.
3.8 demonstrate proficiency in the use of ICT tools in processing accounting data
4.0 SYLLABUS OBJECTIVESLearners should be able to:
4.1 explain accounting concepts, principles and practices
4.2 apply accounting concepts, principles, policies and practices in preparing financial statements
4.3 demonstrate competencies of planning, bud-geting and management of resources
4.4 present accounting information in an accurate, orderly, clear and logical way
4.5 analyse and interpret financial statements effectively for the benefit of users
4.6 communicate accounting information meaning-fully to users
4.7 manage a project effectively4.8 practice transparency in executing transactions4.9 apply internal control systems4.10 use ICT tools in recording and processing
accounting data
5.0 METHODOLOGY AND TIME ALLOCATION
5.1 Methodology
For effective teaching and learning of Accounting, learner centred and multi-sensory approaches as well as principles of individualisation and concreteness are going to be applied. The following suggested learning and teaching methods will be used
• Case studies• Discussions• Resource persons• ICT• Research• Educational tours• Problem based learning• Cooperative learning
5.1.2 Time Allocation For the successful implementation of this syllabus,the following time allocation is recommended; Form 5-6 should be allocated at least 10 periods of 40 minutes each week.
6.0 TOPICSTOPIC 1: FINANCIAL ACCOUNTINGTOPIC 2: FINANCIAL REPORTINGTOPIC 3: COST ACCOUNTINGTOPIC 4: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Accounting Syllabus Forms 5 - 6
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6
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7.0
S
CO
PE A
ND
SEQ
UEN
CE
TOPI
C 1
: FI
NA
NC
IAL
AC
CO
UN
TIN
G.
5
7.0
S
COPE
AND
SEQ
UENC
E
TOPI
C 1:
FI
NAN
CIAL
ACC
OUN
TING
. SU
B-TO
PIC
FORM
5
FORM
6
Intro
duct
ion
to A
ccou
ntin
g an
d Bu
sine
ss E
thic
s
Use
rs o
f acc
ount
ing
info
rmat
ion
and
thei
r inf
orm
atio
n ne
eds
Bu
sine
ss E
thic
s
- ap
plic
atio
ns
Ty
pes
of b
usin
ess
orga
nisa
tions
-
form
al
- no
n-fo
rmal
Bran
ches
of a
ccou
ntin
g -
Fina
ncia
l acc
ount
ing
- Fi
nanc
ial r
epor
ting
- C
ost a
ccou
ntin
g -
Man
agem
ent a
ccou
ntin
g
Acco
untin
g C
once
pts
The
hist
oric
al c
ost c
onve
ntio
n
The
conc
ept o
f mon
ey m
easu
rem
ent
Th
e pr
inci
ple
of s
ubst
ance
ove
r for
m
Th
e re
alis
atio
n co
ncep
t
The
prud
ence
con
cept
The
mat
chin
g (a
ccru
als)
con
cept
The
conc
ept o
f mat
eria
lity
Th
e co
nsis
tenc
y co
ncep
t
The
goin
g co
ncer
n co
ncep
t
Dou
ble
entry
up
to th
e Tr
ial B
alan
ce
Ac
coun
ts fo
r exp
ense
s an
d in
com
e in
clud
ing
prep
aym
ents
and
ac
crua
ls
Ac
coun
ts o
f non
-cur
rent
ass
ets,
liabi
lities
and
cap
ital
Ac
coun
ts o
f dis
posa
ls o
n no
n-cu
rrent
ass
ets
Acco
unts
of p
rovi
sion
for d
epre
ciat
ion
Ac
coun
ts fo
r bad
deb
ts
Ac
coun
ts o
f allo
wan
ces
for d
oubt
ful d
ebts
Tria
l bal
ance
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
4
6
SUB-
TOPI
C FO
RM 5
FO
RM 6
Tria
l Bal
ance
and
Erro
rs
Er
rors
whi
ch d
o no
t affe
ct th
e tri
al b
alan
ce
Er
rors
whi
ch a
ffect
the
trial
bal
ance
and
sus
pens
e ac
coun
ts
C
orre
ctio
n of
erro
rs th
roug
h th
e jo
urna
l pro
per
Pr
epar
atio
n of
sus
pens
e ac
coun
ts
Pr
epar
atio
n of
cor
rect
ed tr
ial b
alan
ces
C
orre
ctio
n of
gro
ss p
rofit
Cor
rect
ion
of n
et p
rofit
or n
et lo
ss
C
orre
ctio
n of
wor
king
cap
ital
Con
trol A
pplic
atio
ns
Ad
just
men
ts to
con
trol a
ccou
nts
and
pers
onal
acc
ount
s
Rec
onci
liatio
n of
per
sona
l ledg
er b
alan
ces
to c
ontro
l acc
ount
ba
lanc
es
U
pdat
ed c
ash
book
Bank
reco
ncilia
tion
stat
emen
ts
Tr
eatm
ent o
f ban
k ov
erdr
aft
Er
rors
in th
e ca
sh b
ook
and
on b
ank
stat
emen
ts
Valu
atio
n of
Ass
ets
In
vent
ory
valu
atio
n -
IAS2
-
Inve
ntor
y va
luat
ion
basi
s: C
ost o
r net
real
isab
le v
alue
Valu
atio
n m
etho
ds: P
erpe
tual
and
per
iodi
c -
Firs
t in
Firs
t Out
(FIF
O)
- W
eigh
ted
Aver
age
Cos
t (AV
CO
)
Non
-cur
rent
ass
ets
valu
atio
n IA
S16
N
on-c
urre
nt a
sset
s va
luat
ion
met
hods
-
Rep
lace
men
t cos
t -
Dis
posa
l or e
xit v
alue
(Net
real
isab
le v
alue
)
Fina
ncia
l sta
tem
ents
: IA
S1
St
atem
ents
of p
rofit
and
loss
and
oth
er c
ompr
ehen
sive
in
com
e fo
r sol
e pr
oprie
tors
, par
tner
ship
s an
d co
mpa
nies
whi
ch
may
be
smal
l to
med
ium
sca
le e
nter
pris
es o
r lar
ge b
usin
esse
s
Stat
emen
ts o
f cha
nges
in e
quity
of
com
pani
es
C
apita
l and
cur
rent
acc
ount
s of
par
tner
ship
s
Stat
emen
ts o
f fin
anci
al p
ositio
n of
sol
e pr
oprie
tors
, pa
rtner
ship
s an
d co
mpa
nies
whi
ch m
ay b
e sm
all t
o m
ediu
m
ente
rpris
es o
r lar
ge b
usin
esse
s
Stat
emen
ts o
f cas
h flo
ws
(IAS7
)
Not
es to
fina
ncia
l sta
tem
ents
Dire
ctor
s’ re
ports
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
4 5
7
SUB-
TOPI
C FO
RM 5
FO
RM 6
Au
dito
rs’ r
epor
ts
Inco
mpl
ete
Rec
ords
Acc
ount
ing
St
atem
ents
of a
ffairs
Stat
emen
ts o
f pro
fit a
nd lo
ss a
nd o
ther
com
preh
ensi
ve
inco
me
Prof
it es
timat
ion
St
atem
ents
of f
inan
cial
pos
ition
Issu
e an
d R
edem
ptio
n of
Sha
res
Type
s of
sha
res
R
aisi
ng a
nd re
paym
ent o
f sha
re c
apita
l
Bonu
s is
sue
R
ight
s is
sue
Sh
are
prem
ium
Rai
sing
and
repa
ymen
t of l
oans
Extra
cts
of s
tate
men
ts o
f fin
anci
al p
ositio
n
Cap
ital R
edem
ptio
n R
eser
ve a
ccou
nts
Issu
e an
d R
edem
ptio
n of
Loa
n N
otes
R
aisi
ng a
nd re
paym
ent o
f loa
ns
Ex
tract
s of
sta
tem
ents
of f
inan
cial
pos
ition
Busi
ness
Pur
chas
e
Com
pani
es ta
king
ove
r so
le p
ropr
ieto
rs o
r par
tner
ship
s w
hich
m
ay b
e sm
all t
o m
ediu
m s
cale
ent
erpr
ises
or
larg
e bu
sine
sses
Busi
ness
pur
chas
e ac
coun
ts
Jo
urna
l ent
ries
Stat
emen
ts o
f fin
anci
al p
ositio
n af
ter p
urch
ase
Sour
ces
of C
apita
l
Type
s of
sha
res:
-
Ord
inar
y
- Pr
efer
ence
-
Red
eem
able
ord
inar
y -
Red
eem
able
pre
fere
nce
Lo
an n
otes
(loa
n ca
pita
l):
- R
edee
mab
le
- Irr
edee
mab
le
C
onve
rtibl
e lo
an s
tock
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
6
8
SUB-
TOPI
C FO
RM 5
FO
RM 6
Ad
vant
ages
and
dis
adva
ntag
es o
f var
ious
sou
rces
of c
apita
l
Furth
er c
onsi
dera
tions
in
Partn
ersh
ip A
ccou
ntin
g
Partn
ersh
ip c
hang
es
G
oodw
ill an
d re
valu
atio
n of
ass
ets
Fi
nanc
ial s
tate
men
ts
Pa
rtner
ship
dis
solu
tion
R
ealis
atio
n ac
coun
ts
C
apita
l and
cur
rent
acc
ount
s
Man
ufac
turin
g Bu
sine
sses
Man
ufac
turin
g ac
coun
ts
M
anuf
actu
ring
prof
it
Unr
ealis
ed p
rofit
Stat
emen
ts o
f pro
fit a
nd lo
ss a
nd o
ther
com
preh
ensi
ve in
com
e
Stat
emen
ts o
f fin
anci
al p
ositio
n
Dep
artm
enta
l Acc
ount
ing
C
osts
and
anc
illary
inco
me
D
epar
tmen
tal s
tate
men
ts o
f pro
fit a
nd lo
ss a
nd o
ther
co
mpr
ehen
sive
inco
me
St
atem
ents
of f
inan
cial
pos
ition
Not
for P
rofit
Org
anis
atio
ns
So
urce
s of
inco
me:
-
Subs
crip
tions
-
Life
mem
bers
hip
fees
-
Don
atio
ns
- In
com
e ge
nera
ting
activ
ities
such
as:
din
ner d
ance
s an
d ra
ffles
Inco
me
stat
emen
ts fo
r inc
ome
gene
ratin
g ac
tivitie
s
Inco
me
and
expe
nditu
re a
ccou
nts
Accu
mul
ated
fund
s
Stat
emen
ts o
f fin
anci
al p
ositio
n
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
6 7
TOPI
C 2
: FI
NA
NC
IAL
REP
OR
TIN
G
9
TO
PIC
2:
FIN
ANCI
AL R
EPO
RTIN
G.
SUB-
TOPI
C FO
RM 5
FO
RM 6
In
tern
atio
nal A
ccou
ntin
g St
anda
rds
Inte
rnat
iona
l Acc
ount
ing
Stan
dard
s (IA
S)
- 1
Pres
enta
tion
of fi
nanc
ial s
tate
men
ts
- 2
Inve
ntor
ies
- 7
Stat
emen
ts o
f cas
h flo
ws
- 8
Acco
untin
g po
licie
s, c
hang
es in
acc
ount
ing
estim
ates
and
er
rors
-
10 E
vent
s af
ter t
he re
porti
ng p
erio
d -
16 P
rope
rty, p
lant
and
equ
ipm
ent
- 36
Impa
irmen
t of a
sset
s -
38 In
tang
ible
ass
ets
Inte
rpre
tatio
n an
d an
alys
is o
f fin
anci
al s
tate
men
ts
Prof
itabi
lity
Rat
ios
- G
ross
pro
fit m
argi
n -
Net
pro
fit m
argi
n -
Ret
urn
on a
sset
s -
Ret
urn
on e
quity
-
Ret
urn
on c
apita
l em
ploy
ed
- O
pera
ting
expe
nses
to s
ales
Fina
ncia
l rat
ios
-
Cur
rent
ratio
-
Qui
ck ra
tio
- Ac
coun
ts re
ceiv
able
col
lect
ion
perio
d -
Acco
unts
pay
able
pay
men
t per
iod
- R
ate
of in
vent
ory
turn
over
Res
ourc
e ut
ilisat
ion
ratio
s -
Tota
l ass
ets
turn
over
-
Non
-cur
rent
ass
ets
turn
over
-
Cur
rent
ass
ets
turn
over
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
8
10
SUB-
TOPI
C FO
RM 5
FO
RM 6
- C
apita
l em
ploy
ed tu
rnov
er
In
vest
men
t rat
ios
- Ea
rnin
gs p
er s
hare
-
Pric
e ea
rnin
gs ra
tios
- D
ebt t
o eq
uity
ratio
-
Div
iden
d yie
ld
- D
ivid
end
cove
r -
Div
iden
d pe
r sha
re
- G
earin
g -
Earn
ings
yie
ld
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
8 9
TOPI
C 3
: C
OST
AC
CO
UN
TIN
G
11
TOPI
C 3:
CO
ST A
CCO
UNTI
NG.
SUB-
TOPI
C FO
RM 5
FO
RM 6
C
ost t
erm
s an
d pu
rpos
e
Cos
t
Cos
ting
Cos
t cod
ing
Cos
t uni
t
Cos
t cen
tre
Pe
riod
and
prod
uct c
osts
Rel
evan
t and
irre
leva
nt c
osts
Opp
ortu
nity
cos
ts
Su
nk c
osts
Fixe
d, v
aria
ble,
sem
i-fix
ed a
nd s
emi-v
aria
ble
cost
s
Cos
t acc
ount
ing
and
man
agem
ent a
ccou
ntin
g
Abso
rptio
n C
ostin
g
O
verh
ead
appo
rtion
men
t, al
loca
tion
and
allo
tmen
t
Ove
rhea
d ab
sorp
tion:
-
Ove
rhea
d ab
sorp
tion
rate
s -
Ove
rhea
d an
alys
is s
heet
Ove
r and
und
er a
bsor
ptio
n (a
pplic
atio
n)
Th
e Pr
ofit
stat
emen
ts
U
ses
and
limita
tions
of a
bsor
ptio
n co
stin
g
Mar
gina
l Cos
ting
Clo
sing
inve
ntor
y
Con
tribu
tion
Th
e Pr
ofit
stat
emen
ts
R
econ
cilia
tion
of a
bsor
ptio
n an
d m
argi
nal p
rofit
s
The
diffe
renc
es b
etw
een
mar
gina
l and
ab
sorp
tion
cost
ing
M
argi
n of
saf
ety
C
ontri
butio
n to
sal
es ra
tio
Sh
ort r
un d
ecis
ion
mak
ing
C
ost-v
olum
e-pr
ofit-
anal
ysis
Job
and
Batc
h C
ostin
g
El
emen
ts o
f job
and
bat
ch c
ostin
g
Prim
e co
st o
f a jo
b or
a b
atch
Abso
rptio
n of
ove
rhea
ds in
to a
job
or a
bat
ch
To
tal c
ost o
f a jo
b
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
10
12
SUB-
TOPI
C FO
RM 5
FO
RM 6
Se
lling
pric
e of
a jo
b or
a b
atch
Stan
dard
Cos
ting
Stan
dard
s
Type
s of
sta
ndar
ds
Ty
pes
of v
aria
nces
– m
ater
ial,
labo
ur a
nd s
ales
Varia
nce
anal
ysis
Rec
onci
liatio
n st
atem
ents
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
10 11
TOPI
C 4
: M
AN
AG
EMEN
T A
CC
OU
NTI
NG
13
TO
PIC
4:
MAN
AGEM
ENT
ACCO
UNTI
NG.
SUB-
TOPI
C FO
RM 5
FO
RM 6
Bu
dget
ing
and
Budg
etar
y C
ontro
l
Im
porta
nce
of b
udge
ting
and
bud
geta
ry c
ontro
l sy
stem
s
Beha
viou
ral a
spec
ts o
f bud
getin
g
Type
s of
bud
gets
: -
Sale
s -
Prod
uctio
n an
d pu
rcha
ses
in u
nits
and
val
ue
- C
ash
- M
aste
r
Lim
iting
fact
ors
on p
repa
ratio
n of
bud
gets
Flex
ed b
udge
t sta
tem
ents
Cau
ses
of d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n ac
tual
and
flex
ed
budg
ets
Inve
stm
ent A
ppra
isal
In
vest
men
t app
rais
al te
chni
ques
and
dec
isio
n cr
iteria
: -
Acco
untin
g R
ate
of R
etur
n -
Payb
ack
Perio
d
- N
et P
rese
nt V
alue
-
Inte
rnal
Rat
e of
Ret
urn
Adva
ntag
es a
nd d
isad
vant
ages
of i
nves
tmen
t ap
prai
sal t
echn
ique
s
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
12
8.0
CO
MPE
TEN
CY
MAT
RIX
FOR
M 5
TOPI
C 1
: FIN
AN
CIA
L A
CC
OU
NTI
NG
14
8.0
COM
PETE
NCY
MAT
RIX
FO
RM 5
TOPI
C 1:
FIN
ANCI
AL A
CCO
UNTI
NG
SUB-
TOPI
C O
BJEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
: UN
IT C
ONT
ENT(
Skill
s, a
ttitu
des
and
know
ledg
e)
SUG
GES
TED
LEA
RNIN
G
ACTI
VITI
ES A
ND N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D RE
SOUR
CES
Intro
duct
ion
to
Acco
untin
g an
d Bu
sine
ss E
thic
s
id
entif
y us
ers
of a
ccou
ntin
g in
form
atio
n an
d th
eir
info
rmat
ion
need
s
expl
ain
the
impo
rtanc
e of
go
od b
usin
ess
ethi
cs
ap
ply
busi
ness
eth
ics
in d
ay
to d
ay b
usin
ess
trans
actio
ns
lis
t typ
es o
f bus
ines
s or
gani
satio
ns
ex
plai
n th
e br
anch
es o
f ac
coun
ting
U
sers
of a
ccou
ntin
g in
form
atio
n an
d th
eir
info
rmat
ion
need
s.
Bu
sine
ss e
thic
s -
appl
icat
ions
Type
s of
bus
ines
s or
gani
satio
ns
- fo
rmal
-
non-
form
al.
br
anch
es o
f acc
ount
ing
- fin
anci
al a
ccou
ntin
g -
finan
cial
repo
rting
-
cost
acc
ount
ing
- m
anag
emen
t acc
ount
ing.
Id
entif
ying
user
s of
acc
ount
ing
info
rmat
ion
and
thei
r inf
orm
atio
n ne
eds.
Expl
aini
ng im
porta
nce
of g
ood
busi
ness
eth
ics
Ap
plyi
ng b
usin
ess
ethi
cs in
ru
nnin
g pr
ojec
ts.
Li
stin
g ty
pes
of b
usin
ess
orga
nisa
tions
.
Expl
aini
ng th
e br
anch
es o
f ac
coun
ting.
IC
T to
ols
Br
aille
Acco
untin
g C
once
pts
ex
plai
n th
e ac
coun
ting
conc
epts
appl
y ac
coun
ting
conc
epts
in
prep
arin
g fin
anci
al
stat
emen
ts
Th
e hi
stor
ical
cos
t con
vent
ion.
The
conc
ept o
f mon
ey
mea
sure
men
t.
The
prin
cipl
e of
sub
stan
ce
over
form
.
The
prud
ence
con
cept
.
The
mat
chin
g (a
ccru
als)
co
ncep
t.
The
conc
ept o
f mat
eria
lity.
The
cons
iste
ncy
conc
ept.
Th
e go
ing
conc
ern
conc
ept.
Th
e re
alis
atio
n co
ncep
t.
St
atin
g th
e ac
coun
ting
conc
epts
.
Dis
cuss
ing
appl
icat
ions
of t
he
acco
untin
g co
ncep
ts.
Ap
plyi
ng a
ccou
ntin
g co
ncep
ts in
pr
epar
ing
finan
cial
sta
tem
ents
.
Pres
entin
g re
sear
ched
dat
a on
ac
coun
ting
conc
epts
.
Anal
ysin
g im
porta
nce
of th
e ac
coun
ting
conc
epts
in
prep
arin
g fin
anci
al s
tate
men
ts.
IC
T to
ols
Pu
blis
hed
finan
cial
st
atem
ents
Brai
lle
Dou
ble
entry
up
to
ex
plai
n th
e co
ncep
t of d
oubl
e
Acco
unts
for e
xpen
ses
and
Ex
plai
ning
the
conc
ept o
f dou
ble
IC
T to
ols
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
12 13
15
SUB-
TOPI
C O
BJEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
: UN
IT C
ONT
ENT(
Skill
s, a
ttitu
des
and
know
ledg
e)
SUG
GES
TED
LEA
RNIN
G
ACTI
VITI
ES A
ND N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D RE
SOUR
CES
the
Tria
l Bal
ance
en
try
id
entif
y th
e tw
o ac
coun
ts
invo
lved
in a
tran
sact
ion
reco
rd b
usin
ess
trans
actio
ns
in d
oubl
e en
try
ba
lanc
e of
f led
ger a
ccou
nts
di
ffere
ntia
te d
ebit
bala
nces
fro
m c
redi
t bal
ance
s
extra
ct tr
ial b
alan
ces
from
th
e le
dger
draf
t adj
ustin
g jo
urna
l ent
ries
for a
ccru
als,
pre
paym
ents
an
d de
prec
iatio
n
inco
me
incl
udin
g pr
epay
men
ts
and
accr
uals
.
Acco
unts
of n
on-c
urre
nt
asse
ts, l
iabi
lities
and
cap
ital.
Ac
coun
ts o
f dis
posa
ls o
f non
-cu
rrent
ass
ets.
Acco
unts
of p
rovi
sion
for
depr
ecia
tion.
Acco
unts
for b
ad d
ebts
.
Acco
unts
of a
llow
ance
s fo
r do
ubtfu
l deb
ts.
Tr
ial b
alan
ce.
entry
.
Iden
tifyin
g th
e tw
o ac
coun
ts
invo
lved
in a
tran
sact
ion.
Rec
ordi
ng b
usin
ess
trans
actio
ns
in d
oubl
e en
try.
Ba
lanc
ing
off l
edge
r acc
ount
s.
D
istin
guis
hing
deb
it ba
lanc
es
from
cre
dit b
alan
ces.
Extra
ctin
g a
trial
bal
ance
from
th
e le
dger
.
Obs
ervi
ng d
oubl
e en
try
trans
actio
ns.
D
istin
guis
hing
bet
wee
n de
prec
iatio
n an
d pr
ovis
ion
for
depr
ecia
tion,
bad
deb
ts a
nd
allo
wan
ces
for d
oubt
ful d
ebts
.
Br
aille
Tria
l Bal
ance
and
Er
rors
iden
tify
erro
rs w
hich
are
re
veal
ed a
nd n
ot re
veal
ed b
y
trial
bal
ance
dist
ingu
ish
betw
een
erro
rs
whi
ch a
ffect
tria
l bal
ance
s an
d th
ose
erro
rs w
hich
do
not a
ffect
tria
l bal
ance
s
corre
ct e
rrors
usi
ng jo
urna
l en
tries
prep
are
sus
pens
e ac
coun
ts
dr
aw u
p c
orre
cted
tria
l ba
lanc
es
dr
aw u
p s
tate
men
ts o
f co
rrect
ed n
et p
rofit
Er
rors
whi
ch d
o no
t affe
ct tr
ial
bala
nces
.
Erro
rs w
hich
affe
ct tr
ial
bala
nces
and
sus
pens
e ac
coun
ts.
C
orre
ctio
n of
erro
rs th
roug
h th
e jo
urna
l pro
per.
Pr
epar
atio
n of
sus
pens
e ac
coun
ts.
Pr
epar
atio
n of
cor
rect
ed tr
ial
bala
nces
.
Cor
rect
ion
of g
ross
pro
fit.
C
orre
ctio
n of
net
pro
fit o
r net
lo
ss.
C
orre
ctio
n of
wor
king
cap
ital.
Ex
amin
ing
effe
cts
of e
rrors
on
trial
bal
ance
s.
Id
entif
ying
erro
rs w
hich
are
re
veal
ed a
nd n
ot re
veal
ed b
y tri
al b
alan
ces.
Dis
tingu
ishi
ng b
etw
een
erro
rs
whi
ch a
ffect
tria
l bal
ance
s an
d th
ose
erro
rs w
hich
do
not a
ffect
tri
al b
alan
ces.
Cor
rect
ing
erro
rs u
sing
jour
nal
entri
es.
Pr
epar
ing
susp
ense
acc
ount
s.
Pr
epar
ing
corre
cted
tria
l ba
lanc
es.
D
raw
ing
up s
tate
men
ts o
f co
rrect
ed n
et p
rofit
.
IC
T to
ols
Br
aille
Con
trol
Appl
icat
ions
dem
onst
rate
im
porta
nce
of
cont
rol a
pplic
atio
ns in
or
gani
satio
ns
C
ontro
l acc
ount
s.
Ad
just
men
ts to
con
trol
acco
unts
and
per
sona
l
D
iscu
ssin
g im
porta
nce
of c
ontro
l ap
plic
atio
ns.
Pr
esen
ting
rese
arch
ed d
ata
on
IC
T to
ols
Ac
coun
ting
softw
are
R
esou
rce
pers
ons
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
14
16
SUB-
TOPI
C O
BJEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
: UN
IT C
ONT
ENT(
Skill
s, a
ttitu
des
and
know
ledg
e)
SUG
GES
TED
LEA
RNIN
G
ACTI
VITI
ES A
ND N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D RE
SOUR
CES
ex
amin
e d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n co
ntro
l acc
ount
s an
d p
erso
nal le
dger
ac
coun
ts
pr
epar
e co
ntro
l acc
ount
s
iden
tify
caus
es o
f diff
eren
ces
betw
een
cash
boo
k an
d ba
nk b
alan
ces
dr
aw u
p ba
nk re
conc
iliatio
n st
atem
ents
corre
ct e
rrors
in th
e ca
sh
book
and
on
bank
st
atem
ents
acco
unts
.
Rec
onci
liatio
n of
per
sona
l le
dger
bal
ance
s to
con
trol
acco
unt b
alan
ces.
U
pdat
ed c
ash
book
.
Bank
reco
ncilia
tion
stat
emen
ts.
Tr
eatm
ent o
f ban
k ov
erdr
aft.
Erro
rs in
the
cash
boo
k an
d on
th
e ba
nk s
tate
men
ts.
caus
es o
f diff
eren
ces
betw
een
bank
and
cas
h ba
lanc
es.
Pr
epar
ing
cont
rol a
ccou
nts
and
bank
reco
ncilia
tion
stat
emen
ts.
R
econ
cilin
g pe
rson
al le
dger
and
co
ntro
l ledg
er b
alan
ces.
Cor
rect
ing
erro
rs in
the
cash
bo
ok a
nd o
n ba
nk s
tate
men
ts.
Br
aille
Valu
atio
n of
As
sets
stat
e th
e pr
ovis
ions
of
Inte
rnat
iona
l Acc
ount
ing
Stan
dard
2
ou
tline
the
prov
isio
ns o
f In
tern
atio
nal A
ccou
ntin
g St
anda
rd 1
6
expl
ain
inve
ntor
y va
luat
ion
met
hods
expl
ain
non-
curre
nt a
sset
s va
luat
ion
met
hods
calc
ulat
e th
e va
lue
of
inve
ntor
y
calc
ulat
e th
e va
lue
of n
on-
curre
nt a
sset
s
In
vent
ory
valu
atio
n -
IAS2
-
Inve
ntor
y va
luat
ion
basi
s:
Cos
t or n
et re
alis
able
va
lue.
Valu
atio
n m
etho
ds:
- Pe
rpet
ual a
nd p
erio
dic
- Fi
rst i
n Fi
rst O
ut (F
IFO
) -
Wei
ghte
d Av
erag
e C
ost
(AVC
O).
N
on-c
urre
nt a
sset
s va
luat
ion
IAS1
6.
N
on-c
urre
nt a
sset
s va
luat
ion
met
hods
-
Rep
lace
men
t cos
t -
Dis
posa
l or e
xit v
alue
(Net
re
alis
able
val
ue) .
O
utlin
ing
the
mea
ning
of
Inte
rnat
iona
l Acc
ount
ing
Stan
dard
2.
O
utlin
ing
the
mea
ning
of
Inte
rnat
iona
l Acc
ount
ing
Stan
dard
16.
Expl
aini
ng m
etho
ds u
sed
to
valu
e in
vent
ory
C
ompu
ting
the
valu
e of
in
vent
ory.
Com
parin
g in
vent
ory
valu
atio
n m
etho
ds.
C
alcu
latin
g th
e va
lue
of n
on-
curre
nt a
sset
s.
IC
T to
ols
Ac
coun
ting
softw
are
C
opie
s of
Inte
rnat
iona
l Ac
coun
ting
Stan
dard
s 2
and
16
Br
aille
Fina
ncia
l st
atem
ents
id
entif
y fi
nanc
ial s
tate
men
ts
that
are
pre
pare
d fo
r so
le
prop
rieto
rs, p
artn
ersh
ips,
an
d co
mpa
nies
whi
ch m
ay
be s
mal
l to
med
ium
sca
le
ente
rpris
es o
r lar
ge
St
atem
ents
of p
rofit
and
loss
an
d ot
her c
ompr
ehen
sive
in
com
e fo
r sol
e pr
oprie
tors
, pa
rtner
ship
s an
d co
mpa
nies
w
hich
may
be
smal
l to
med
ium
sc
ale
ente
rpris
es o
r lar
ge
Id
entif
ying
finan
cial
sta
tem
ents
th
at a
re p
repa
red
for s
ole
prop
rieto
rs, p
artn
ersh
ips
and
com
pani
es w
hich
may
be
smal
l to
med
ium
sca
le e
nter
pris
es o
r la
rge
busi
ness
es.
IC
T To
ols
Pu
blis
hed
finan
cial
st
atem
ent
Br
aille
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
14 15
17
SUB-
TOPI
C O
BJEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
: UN
IT C
ONT
ENT(
Skill
s, a
ttitu
des
and
know
ledg
e)
SUG
GES
TED
LEA
RNIN
G
ACTI
VITI
ES A
ND N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D RE
SOUR
CES
busi
ness
es
id
entif
y e
lem
ents
of t
he
finan
cial
sta
tem
ents
of s
ole
prop
rieto
rs, p
artn
ersh
ips
and
com
pani
es w
hich
may
be
smal
l to
med
ium
sca
le
ente
rpris
es o
r lar
ge
busi
ness
es
ef
fect
yea
r-end
adj
ustm
ents
us
ing
the
accr
uals
con
cept
prep
are
stat
emen
ts o
f pro
fit
and
loss
and
oth
er
com
preh
ensi
ve in
com
e fo
r so
le p
ropr
ieto
rs, p
artn
ersh
ips
and
com
pani
es w
hich
may
be
sm
all t
o m
ediu
m s
cale
en
terp
rises
or l
arge
bu
sine
sses
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith th
e re
quire
men
ts o
f IA
S1
pr
epar
e s
tate
men
ts o
f ch
ange
s in
equ
ity o
f a
com
pany
prep
are
cap
ital a
nd c
urre
nt
acco
unts
of
partn
ersh
ip
pr
epar
e st
atem
ents
of
finan
cial
pos
ition
of s
ole
prop
rieto
rs, p
artn
ersh
ips
and
com
pani
es w
hich
may
be
smal
l to
med
ium
ent
erpr
ises
or
larg
e bu
sine
sses
in
acco
rdan
ce w
ith th
e re
quire
men
ts o
f IAS
1
prep
are
stat
emen
ts o
f cas
h flo
ws
for s
ole
prop
rieto
rs,
partn
ersh
ips
and
com
pani
es
whi
ch m
ay b
e sm
all t
o
busi
ness
es.
St
atem
ents
of c
hang
es in
eq
uity
of c
ompa
nies
.
Cap
ital a
nd c
urre
nt a
ccou
nts
of p
artn
ersh
ips.
Stat
emen
ts o
f fin
anci
al
posi
tion
of s
ole
prop
rieto
rs,
partn
ersh
ips
and
com
pani
es
whi
ch m
ay b
e sm
all t
o m
ediu
m
ente
rpris
es o
r lar
ge
busi
ness
es.
St
atem
ents
of c
ash
flow
s (IA
S7).
N
otes
to fi
nanc
ial s
tate
men
ts.
D
irect
ors’
repo
rts.
Au
dito
rs’ r
epor
ts.
Id
entif
ying
elem
ents
of t
he
finan
cial
sta
tem
ents
of s
ole
prop
rieto
rs, p
artn
ersh
ips
and
com
pani
es w
hich
may
be
smal
l to
med
ium
sca
le e
nter
pris
es o
r la
rge
busi
ness
es.
Ef
fect
ing
year
-end
adj
ustm
ents
us
ing
the
accr
uals
con
cept
.
Prep
arin
g st
atem
ents
of p
rofit
an
d lo
ss a
nd o
ther
co
mpr
ehen
sive
inco
me
for s
ole
prop
rieto
rs, p
artn
ersh
ips
and
com
pani
es w
hich
may
be
smal
l to
med
ium
sca
le e
nter
pris
es o
r la
rge
busi
ness
es.
Pr
epar
ing
appr
opria
tion
acco
unts
, cur
rent
acc
ount
s an
d ca
pita
l acc
ount
s of
par
tner
ship
s.
Pr
epar
ing
stat
emen
ts o
f ch
ange
s in
equ
ity o
f a
com
pani
es.
Pr
epar
ing
stat
emen
ts o
f fin
anci
al
posi
tion
of s
ole
prop
rieto
rs,
partn
ersh
ips
and
com
pani
es
whi
ch m
ay b
e sm
all t
o m
ediu
m
scal
e en
terp
rises
or l
arge
bu
sine
sses
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith
the
requ
irem
ents
of I
AS1.
Dis
tingu
ishi
ng b
etw
een
stat
emen
ts o
f cas
h flo
ws
of
unin
corp
orat
ed b
usin
esse
s an
d th
ose
of c
ompa
nies
.
Expl
aini
ng re
venu
e
(dis
tribu
tabl
e) re
serv
es a
nd
capi
tal (
non-
dist
ribut
able
) re
serv
es.
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
16
18
SUB-
TOPI
C O
BJEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
: UN
IT C
ONT
ENT(
Skill
s, a
ttitu
des
and
know
ledg
e)
SUG
GES
TED
LEA
RNIN
G
ACTI
VITI
ES A
ND N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D RE
SOUR
CES
med
ium
sca
le e
nter
pris
es o
r la
rge
busi
ness
es in
ac
cord
ance
with
the
requ
irem
ents
of I
AS7
id
entif
y no
tes
rela
ted
to
stat
emen
ts o
f pro
fit a
nd lo
ss
and
othe
r com
preh
ensi
ve
inco
me
for a
com
pani
es
acco
rdin
g to
IAS1
iden
tify
note
s re
late
d to
st
atem
ents
of f
inan
cial
po
sitio
n fo
r co
mpa
nies
ac
cord
ing
to 1
AS1
prep
are
note
s to
fina
ncia
l st
atem
ents
sum
mar
ise
cont
ents
of t
he
audi
tors
’ and
dire
ctor
s’
repo
rts
Prep
arin
g st
atem
ent o
f cas
h flo
ws
for s
ole
prop
rieto
rs,
partn
ersh
ips
and
com
pani
es
whi
ch m
ay b
e sm
all t
o m
ediu
m
scal
e en
terp
rises
or l
arge
bu
sine
sses
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith
the
requ
irem
ents
of I
AS7.
Prep
arin
g no
tes
to fi
nanc
ial
stat
emen
ts.
The
finan
cial
sta
tem
ents
refe
rred
to
in th
is s
ectio
n ar
e th
ose
for
inte
rnal
use
and
not
for
publ
icat
ion
Inco
mpl
ete
Rec
ords
Ac
coun
ting
ca
lcul
ate
mis
sing
figu
res
usin
g re
leva
nt ra
tios
and
ledg
er a
ccou
nts
ca
lcul
ate
capi
tal u
sing
st
atem
ents
of a
ffairs
calc
ulat
e pr
ofit
or lo
ss u
sing
th
e ac
coun
ting
equa
tion
pr
epar
e st
atem
ents
of p
rofit
an
d lo
ss a
nd o
ther
co
mpr
ehen
sive
inco
me
pr
epar
e st
atem
ents
of
finan
cial
pos
ition
St
atem
ents
of a
ffairs
.
Stat
emen
ts o
f pro
fit a
nd lo
ss
and
othe
r com
preh
ensi
ve
inco
me.
Prof
it es
timat
ion.
Stat
emen
ts o
f fin
anci
al
posi
tion.
C
alcu
latin
g m
issi
ng fi
gure
s us
ing
rele
vant
ratio
s an
d le
dger
ac
coun
ts.
C
alcu
latin
g ca
pita
l usi
ng
stat
emen
ts o
f affa
irs.
C
alcu
latin
g pr
ofit
usin
g th
e ac
coun
ting
equa
tion.
Prep
arin
g st
atem
ents
of p
rofit
an
d lo
ss a
nd o
ther
co
mpr
ehen
sive
inco
me.
Prep
arin
g st
atem
ents
of f
inan
cial
po
sitio
n.
Vi
sitin
g sm
all t
o m
ediu
m
ente
rpris
es.
IC
T to
ols
R
esou
rce
pers
ons
Br
aille
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
16 17
19
SUB-
TOPI
C O
BJEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
: UN
IT C
ONT
ENT(
Skill
s, a
ttitu
des
and
know
ledg
e)
SUG
GES
TED
LEA
RNIN
G
ACTI
VITI
ES A
ND N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D RE
SOUR
CES
Busi
ness
Pu
rcha
se
ex
plai
n bu
sine
ss p
urch
ase
re
cord
acc
ount
ing
entri
es to
cl
ose
book
s of
bus
ines
ses
take
n ov
er
re
cord
acc
ount
ing
entri
es fo
r pu
rcha
se b
y ca
sh, i
ssue
of
shar
es a
nd lo
an n
otes
calc
ulat
e g
oodw
ill
prep
are
bus
ines
s pu
rcha
se
acco
unts
prep
are
stat
emen
ts o
f fin
anci
al p
ositio
n af
ter t
he
busi
ness
pur
chas
e
C
ompa
ny ta
king
ove
r so
le
prop
rieto
r or
partn
ersh
ips
whi
ch m
ay b
e sm
all t
o m
ediu
m
scal
e en
terp
rises
or
larg
e bu
sine
sses
.
Busi
ness
pur
chas
e ac
coun
ts.
Jo
urna
l ent
ries
.
Stat
emen
ts o
f fin
anci
al
posi
tion
afte
r pur
chas
e.
Ex
plai
ning
bus
ines
s pu
rcha
se.
R
ecor
ding
ent
ries
to c
lose
the
book
s of
bus
ines
ses
take
n ov
er.
R
ecor
ding
acc
ount
ing
entri
es fo
r pu
rcha
se b
y ca
sh, i
ssue
of
shar
es a
nd lo
an n
otes
.
Cal
cula
ting
goo
dwill.
Prep
arin
g b
usin
ess
purc
hase
ac
coun
ts.
Pr
epar
ing
stat
emen
ts o
f fin
anci
al
posi
tion
afte
r the
bus
ines
s pu
rcha
se.
R
esou
rce
pers
ons
Br
aille
ICT
tool
s
Sour
ces
of c
apita
l
list t
ypes
of s
hare
s
diffe
rent
iate
loan
not
es fr
om
conv
ertib
le lo
an s
tock
desc
ribe
adva
ntag
es a
nd
disa
dvan
tage
s of
var
ious
so
urce
s of
cap
ital
Ty
pes
of s
hare
s:
- O
rdin
ary
-
Pref
eren
ce
- R
edee
mab
le o
rdin
ary
- R
edee
mab
le
pref
eren
ce.
Lo
an n
otes
(loa
n ca
pita
l):
- R
edee
mab
le
- Irr
edee
mab
le.
C
onve
rtibl
e lo
an s
tock
.
Adva
ntag
es a
nd
disa
dvan
tage
s of
var
ious
so
urce
s of
cap
ital.
Ex
plai
ning
sou
rces
of c
apita
l.
Dis
tingu
ishi
ng ty
pes
of s
hare
s.
D
iffer
entia
ting
loan
not
es fr
om
conv
ertib
le lo
an s
tock
.
Des
crib
ing
adv
anta
ges
and
disa
dvan
tage
s of
var
ious
so
urce
s of
cap
ital.
IC
T to
ols
Pr
int m
edia
Brai
lle
R
esou
rce
pers
ons
Furth
er
cons
ider
atio
ns in
Pa
rtner
ship
Ac
coun
ting
ex
plai
n re
ason
s fo
r pa
rtner
ship
cha
nges
acco
unt f
or c
hang
es in
a
partn
ersh
ips
pr
epar
e ca
pita
l and
cur
rent
ac
coun
ts to
refle
ct c
hang
es
of g
oodw
ill an
d re
valu
atio
n of
Pa
rtner
ship
cha
nges
.
Goo
dwill
and
reva
luat
ion
of
asse
ts.
Fi
nanc
ial s
tate
men
ts.
Pa
rtner
ship
. dis
solu
tions
.
Rea
lisat
ion
acco
unts
.
Cap
ital a
nd c
urre
nt a
ccou
nts.
D
iscu
ssin
g re
ason
s fo
r pa
rtner
ship
cha
nges
.
Prep
arin
g jo
urna
l ent
ries
and
capi
tal a
ccou
nts
to s
how
effe
cts
of p
artn
ersh
ip c
hang
es.
D
raw
ing
up re
valu
atio
n ac
coun
ts.
IC
T to
ols
R
esou
rce
pers
ons
Br
aille
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
18
20
SUB-
TOPI
C O
BJEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
: UN
IT C
ONT
ENT(
Skill
s, a
ttitu
des
and
know
ledg
e)
SUG
GES
TED
LEA
RNIN
G
ACTI
VITI
ES A
ND N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D RE
SOUR
CES
asse
ts
pr
epar
e s
tate
men
ts o
f fin
anci
al p
ositio
n af
ter
chan
ges
in p
artn
ersh
ips
pr
epar
e le
dger
acc
ount
s to
cl
ose
book
s of
par
tner
ship
s
D
rafti
ng s
tate
men
ts o
f fin
anci
al
posi
tion
afte
r par
tner
ship
ch
ange
s.
Pr
epar
ing
jour
nal e
ntrie
s an
d le
dger
acc
ount
s to
clo
se b
ooks
of
par
tner
ship
s.
Que
stio
ns w
ill n
ot b
e se
t on
piec
emea
l rea
lisat
ion
and
the
rule
in
Gar
ner v
ersu
s M
urra
y.
Man
ufac
turin
g Bu
sine
sses
cl
assi
fy m
anuf
actu
ring
cost
s fo
r sm
all t
o m
ediu
m s
cale
en
terp
rises
or l
arge
bu
sine
sses
expl
ain
man
ufac
turin
g pr
ofit
and
unre
alis
ed p
rofit
draw
up
a m
anuf
actu
ring
acco
unts
prep
are
finan
cial
sta
tem
ents
fo
r man
ufac
turin
g co
mpa
nies
M
anuf
actu
ring
acco
unts
.
Man
ufac
turin
g pr
ofit.
Unr
ealis
ed p
rofit
.
St
atem
ents
of p
rofit
and
loss
an
d ot
her c
ompr
ehen
sive
in
com
e.
St
atem
ents
of f
inan
cial
po
sitio
n.
C
lass
ifyin
g m
anuf
actu
ring
cost
s fo
r sm
all t
o m
ediu
m s
cale
en
terp
rises
or l
arge
bus
ines
ses
.
Expl
aini
ng m
anuf
actu
ring
prof
it an
d un
real
ised
pro
fit.
Prep
arin
g m
anuf
actu
ring
acco
unts
and
fina
ncia
l st
atem
ents
.
Visi
ting
man
ufac
turin
g co
mpa
nies
.
IC
T to
ols
Br
aille
Res
ourc
e pe
rson
s
Dep
artm
enta
l Ac
coun
ting
ap
porti
on e
xpen
ses
and
anci
llary
inco
mes
to
depa
rtmen
ts u
sing
ap
prop
riate
bas
es
pr
epar
e de
partm
enta
l st
atem
ents
of p
rofit
and
loss
an
d ot
her c
ompr
ehen
sive
in
com
e
draf
t sta
tem
ents
of f
inan
cial
po
sitio
n
C
osts
and
anc
illary
inco
me.
Dep
artm
enta
l sta
tem
ents
of
prof
it an
d lo
ss a
nd o
ther
co
mpr
ehen
sive
inco
me.
St
atem
ents
of f
inan
cial
po
sitio
n.
Ap
porti
onin
g ex
pens
es to
de
partm
ents
usi
ng a
ppro
pria
te
base
s.
D
rafti
ng d
epar
tmen
tal
stat
emen
ts o
f pro
fit a
nd lo
ss a
nd
othe
r com
preh
ensi
ve in
com
e.
Prep
arin
g st
atem
ents
of f
inan
cial
po
sitio
n.
IC
T to
ols
R
esou
rce
pers
ons
Br
aille
Non
-Pro
fit m
akin
g
stat
e so
urce
s of
inco
me
for
So
urce
s of
inco
me:
Dis
cuss
ing
sour
ces
of in
com
e
Res
ourc
e pe
rson
s
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
18 19
21
SUB-
TOPI
C O
BJEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
: UN
IT C
ONT
ENT(
Skill
s, a
ttitu
des
and
know
ledg
e)
SUG
GES
TED
LEA
RNIN
G
ACTI
VITI
ES A
ND N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D RE
SOUR
CES
Org
anis
atio
ns
no
t for
pro
fit o
rgan
isat
ions
prep
are
sub
scrip
tions
ac
coun
ts ta
king
into
acc
ount
su
bscr
iptio
ns in
adv
ance
and
ar
rear
s
expl
ain
the
acco
untin
g tre
atm
ent o
f var
ious
type
s of
do
natio
ns
pr
epar
e in
com
e an
d ex
pend
iture
acc
ount
s
calc
ulat
e ac
cum
ulat
ed fu
nd
for n
ot fo
r pro
fit o
rgan
isat
ions
draf
t sta
tem
ents
of f
inan
cial
po
sitio
n fo
r not
for p
rofit
or
gani
satio
ns
- Su
bscr
iptio
ns
- Li
fe m
embe
rshi
p fe
es
- D
onat
ions
-
Inco
me
gene
ratin
g ac
tivitie
s su
ch a
s. d
inne
r da
nces
and
raffl
es.
In
com
e st
atem
ents
for i
ncom
e ge
nera
ting
activ
ities.
Inco
me
and
expe
nditu
re
acco
unts
.
Accu
mul
ated
fund
.
St
atem
ents
of f
inan
cial
po
sitio
n.
for n
ot fo
r pro
fit o
rgan
isat
ions
.
Prep
arin
g su
bscr
iptio
ns
acco
unts
.
Dra
fting
inco
me
and
expe
nditu
re
acco
unts
.
Cal
cula
ting
accu
mul
ated
fund
.
Dra
fting
sta
tem
ents
of f
inan
cial
po
sitio
n fo
r not
for p
rofit
or
gani
satio
ns.
Br
aille
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
20
FOR
M 6
TOPI
C 1
: FIN
AN
CIA
L A
CC
OU
NTI
NG
22
FORM
6
TO
PIC
1: F
INAN
CIAL
ACC
OUN
TING
SU
B-TO
PIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to:
UNIT
CO
NTEN
T(Sk
ills,
atti
tude
s an
d kn
owle
dge)
SU
GG
ESTE
D L
EARN
ING
AC
TIVI
TIES
AND
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RESO
URCE
S
Issu
e an
d R
edem
ptio
n of
Sh
ares
st
ate
the
mai
n ty
pes
of
shar
es u
sed
in ra
isin
g ca
pita
l
anal
yse
effe
cts
of is
sue
of s
hare
s on
the
stat
emen
ts o
f fin
anci
al
posi
tion
as
sess
diff
eren
t typ
es
of s
hare
s
expl
ain
why
com
pani
es
may
rede
em o
r pu
rcha
se o
wn
shar
es
ex
amin
e u
ses
of s
hare
pr
emiu
m a
nd th
eir
effe
ct o
n ca
pita
l st
ruct
ure
ca
lcul
ate
bonu
s an
d rig
hts
issu
es a
nd s
how
th
eir e
ffect
on
capi
tal
di
stin
guis
h be
twee
n rig
hts
and
bonu
s is
sue
Ty
pes
of s
hare
s.
R
aisi
ng a
nd re
paym
ent o
f sha
re c
apita
l.
Bonu
s is
sue.
Rig
hts
issu
e.
Sh
are
prem
ium
.
Rai
sing
and
repa
ymen
t of l
oans
. .
St
atin
g ty
pes
of s
hare
s.
An
alys
ing
effe
cts
of is
sue
of
shar
es o
n st
atem
ents
of
finan
cial
pos
ition.
Expl
aini
ng re
ason
s fo
r re
dem
ptio
n.
D
iscu
ssin
g ef
fect
s of
bon
us
and
right
s is
sue.
Dis
cuss
ing
diffe
renc
es
betw
een
right
s an
d bo
nus
issu
e.
C
alcu
latin
g bo
nus
and
right
s is
sue.
Exam
inin
g us
es o
f sha
re
prem
ium
and
thei
r effe
ct o
n ca
pita
l stru
ctur
e.
Pu
blis
hed
finan
cial
st
atem
ents
ICT
tool
s
Res
ourc
e pe
rson
s
Brai
lle
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
20 21
23
SUB-
TOPI
C O
BJEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:
UNIT
CO
NTEN
T(Sk
ills,
atti
tude
s an
d kn
owle
dge)
SU
GG
ESTE
D L
EARN
ING
AC
TIVI
TIES
AND
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RESO
URCE
S
cr
eate
Cap
ital
Red
empt
ion
Res
erve
ac
coun
ts
pr
epar
e ex
tract
s of
st
atem
ents
of f
inan
cial
po
sitio
n
C
apita
l Red
empt
ion
Res
erve
acc
ount
.
Ex
tract
s of
sta
tem
ents
of f
inan
cial
po
sitio
n
C
reat
ing
Cap
ital R
edem
ptio
n R
eser
ve a
ccou
nts.
Dra
fting
ext
ract
s of
st
atem
ents
of f
inan
cial
po
sitio
n.
Issu
e an
d re
dem
ptio
n of
loan
no
tes
ex
plai
n pu
rpos
es o
f lo
an n
otes
and
thei
r ef
fect
s on
sta
tem
ents
of
fina
ncia
l pos
ition
dr
aft e
xtra
cts
of
stat
emen
ts o
f fin
anci
al
posi
tion
afte
r iss
ue o
r re
dem
ptio
n of
loan
no
tes
R
aisi
ng a
nd re
paym
ent o
f loa
ns.
Ex
tract
s of
sta
tem
ents
of f
inan
cial
po
sitio
n.
D
iscu
ssin
g us
es o
f loa
n no
tes
and
thei
r effe
cts
on
stat
emen
ts o
f fin
anci
al
posi
tion.
Dra
fting
ext
ract
s of
st
atem
ents
of f
inan
cial
po
sitio
n.
Pu
blis
hed
finan
cial
st
atem
ents
Brai
lle
IC
T to
ols
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
22
TOPI
C 2
: FIN
AN
CIA
L R
EPO
RTI
NG
24
TOPI
C 2:
FIN
ANCI
AL R
EPO
RTIN
G
SUB-
TOPI
C O
BJEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:
UNIT
CO
NTEN
T(Sk
ills,
atti
tude
s an
d kn
owle
dge)
SU
GG
ESTE
D L
EARN
ING
AC
TIVI
TIES
AND
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RESO
URCE
S
Inte
rnat
iona
l Ac
coun
ting
Stan
dard
s
ex
plai
n pu
rpos
es a
nd
impo
rtanc
e of
var
ious
st
anda
rds
st
ate
prov
isio
ns o
f va
rious
inte
rnat
iona
l ac
coun
ting
stan
dard
s
appl
y in
tern
atio
nal
acco
untin
g st
anda
rds
whe
n pr
epar
ing
finan
cial
sta
tem
ents
In
tern
atio
nal A
ccou
ntin
g St
anda
rds
(IAS)
-
1 Pr
esen
tatio
n of
fina
ncia
l st
atem
ents
-
2 In
vent
orie
s -
7 St
atem
ents
of c
ash
flow
s -
8 Ac
coun
ting
polic
ies,
cha
nges
in
acco
untin
g es
timat
es a
nd e
rrors
-
10 E
vent
s af
ter t
he re
porti
ng p
erio
d -
16 P
rope
rty, p
lant
and
equ
ipm
ent
- 36
Impa
irmen
t of a
sset
s -
38 In
tang
ible
ass
ets.
D
iscu
ssin
g pu
rpos
es a
nd
impo
rtanc
e of
the
inte
rnat
iona
l acc
ount
ing
stan
dard
s.
An
alys
ing
appl
icat
ion
of th
e pr
ovis
ions
of t
he s
tand
ards
in
the
prep
arat
ion
of fi
nanc
ial
stat
emen
ts.
Ap
plyi
ng s
tand
ards
in
prep
arin
g fin
anci
al
stat
emen
ts.
D
iscu
ssin
g co
nten
ts o
f the
in
tern
atio
nal a
ccou
ntin
g st
anda
rds.
Pu
blis
hed
finan
cial
st
atem
ents
Cop
ies
of in
tern
atio
nal
acco
untin
g st
anda
rds
R
esou
rce
pers
ons
Br
aille
ICT
tool
s
Inte
rpre
tatio
n an
d an
alys
is o
f fin
anci
al
stat
emen
ts
lis
t the
acc
ount
ing
ratio
s
expl
ain
the
acco
untin
g ra
tios
and
thei
r im
porta
nce
calc
ulat
e th
e ac
coun
ting
ratio
s
inte
rpre
t acc
ount
ing
ratio
s
anal
yse
finan
cial
st
atem
ents
usi
ng
acco
untin
g ra
tios
Pr
ofita
bilit
y R
atio
s -
Gro
ss p
rofit
mar
gin
-
Net
pro
fit m
argi
n -
Ret
urn
on a
sset
s -
Ret
urn
on e
quity
-
Ret
urn
on c
apita
l em
ploy
ed
- O
pera
ting
expe
nses
to s
ales
.
Fina
ncia
l rat
ios
-
Cur
rent
ratio
-
Qui
ck ra
tio
- Ac
coun
ts re
ceiv
able
col
lect
ion
perio
d -
Acco
unts
pay
able
pay
men
t per
iod
C
lass
ifyin
g ac
coun
ting
ratio
s in
to p
rofit
abilit
y, fi
nanc
ial,
reso
urce
utili
satio
n an
d in
vest
men
t.
Cal
cula
tion
of a
ccou
ntin
g ra
tios.
Expl
aini
ng im
porta
nce
of
acco
untin
g ra
tios.
Anal
ysin
g fin
anci
al
stat
emen
ts o
f bus
ines
ses
or
proj
ects
usi
ng ra
tios.
IC
T to
ols
Pr
int m
edia
Brai
lle
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
22 23
25
SUB-
TOPI
C O
BJEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:
UNIT
CO
NTEN
T(Sk
ills,
atti
tude
s an
d kn
owle
dge)
SU
GG
ESTE
D L
EARN
ING
AC
TIVI
TIES
AND
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RESO
URCE
S
- R
ate
of in
vent
ory
turn
over
.
Res
ourc
e ut
ilisat
ion
ratio
s -
Tota
l ass
ets
turn
over
-
Non
-cur
rent
ass
ets
turn
over
-
Cur
rent
ass
ets
turn
over
-
Cap
ital e
mpl
oyed
turn
over
Inve
stm
ent r
atio
s -
Earn
ings
per
sha
re
- Pr
ice
earn
ings
ratio
-
Deb
t to
equi
ty ra
tio
- D
ivid
end
yield
-
Div
iden
d co
ver
- D
ivid
end
per s
hare
-
Gea
ring
- Ea
rnin
gs y
ield
.
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
24
TOPI
C 3
: CO
ST A
CC
OU
NTI
NG
26
TO
PIC
3: C
OST
ACC
OUN
TING
SU
B-TO
PIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to:
UNIT
CO
NTEN
T(Sk
ills,
atti
tude
s an
d kn
owle
dge)
SU
GG
ESTE
D L
EARN
ING
AC
TIVI
TIES
AND
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RESO
URCE
S
Cos
t ter
ms
and
purp
ose
defin
e co
st te
rmin
olog
y
ex
plai
n th
e pu
rpos
es o
f co
st a
ccou
ntin
g
cl
assi
fy c
ost
se
para
te fi
xed
and
varia
ble
cost
s
dist
ingu
ish
betw
een
cost
acc
ount
ing
and
man
agem
ent
acco
untin
g
C
ost.
C
ostin
g.
C
ost c
odin
g.
C
ost u
nit.
C
ost c
entre
.
Perio
d an
d pr
oduc
t cos
ts.
R
elev
ant a
nd ir
rele
vant
cos
ts.
O
ppor
tuni
ty c
osts
.
Sunk
cos
ts.
Fi
xed,
var
iabl
e, s
emi-f
ixed
and
sem
i-va
riabl
e co
sts.
Cos
t acc
ount
ing
and
man
agem
ent
acco
untin
g.
D
efin
ing
cost
term
inol
ogy.
Expl
aini
ng th
e pu
rpos
es o
f co
st a
ccou
ntin
g.
C
lass
ifyin
g co
st.
Se
para
ting
fixed
and
var
iabl
e co
sts.
Dis
tingu
ishi
ng b
etw
een
cost
ac
coun
ting
and
man
agem
ent
acco
untin
g.
IC
T to
ols
R
esou
rce
pers
ons
Br
aille
Abso
rptio
n C
ostin
g
expl
ain
abso
rptio
n co
stin
g
appo
rtion
, allo
cate
and
al
lot c
osts
to c
ost
cent
res
ca
lcul
ate
over
head
ab
sorp
tion
rate
s
prep
are
over
head
an
alys
is s
heet
iden
tify
and
expl
ain
the
uses
and
limita
tions
of
abso
rptio
n co
stin
g
calc
ulat
e cl
osin
g in
vent
ory
usin
g ab
sorp
tion
cost
ing
ca
lcul
ate
unde
r and
ov
er a
bsor
ptio
n of
O
verh
ead
appo
rtion
men
t, al
loca
tion
and
allo
tmen
t.
Ove
rhea
d ab
sorp
tion:
-
Ove
rhea
d ab
sorp
tion
rate
s -
Ove
rhea
d an
alys
is s
heet
.
Ove
r and
und
er a
bsor
ptio
n (a
pplic
atio
n).
Th
e pr
ofit
stat
emen
ts.
U
ses
and
limita
tions
of a
bsor
ptio
n co
stin
g.
Ex
plai
ning
abs
orpt
ion
cost
ing.
Appo
rtion
ing,
allo
catin
g an
d al
lotti
ng c
osts
to c
ost c
entre
s.
Pr
epar
ing
over
head
ana
lysi
s sh
eet.
C
alcu
latin
g ov
erhe
ad
abso
rptio
n ra
tes.
Iden
tifyin
g an
d ex
plai
ning
the
uses
and
limita
tions
of
abso
rptio
n co
stin
g.
C
alcu
latin
g cl
osin
g in
vent
ory
usin
g ab
sorp
tion
cost
ing.
Cal
cula
ting
unde
r and
ove
r ab
sorp
tion
of o
verh
eads
.
Expl
aini
ng th
e ca
uses
of
unde
r and
ove
r abs
orpt
ion
of
IC
T to
ols
Br
aille
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
24 25
27
SUB-
TOPI
C O
BJEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:
UNIT
CO
NTEN
T(Sk
ills,
atti
tude
s an
d kn
owle
dge)
SU
GG
ESTE
D L
EARN
ING
AC
TIVI
TIES
AND
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RESO
URCE
S
over
head
s
expl
ain
the
caus
es o
f un
der a
nd o
ver
abso
rptio
n of
ov
erhe
ads
pr
epar
e a
bsor
ptio
n pr
ofit
stat
emen
ts
over
head
s.
Pr
epar
ing
abso
rptio
n pr
ofit
stat
emen
ts.
Mar
gina
l Cos
ting
va
lue
inve
ntor
y us
ing
mar
gina
l cos
ting
pr
epar
e pr
ofit
stat
emen
ts b
ased
on
mar
gina
l cos
ting
ex
plai
n d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n m
argi
nal a
nd
abso
rptio
n co
stin
g
calc
ulat
e co
ntrib
utio
n of
pro
duct
s
appl
y m
argi
nal c
ostin
g te
chni
ques
to m
ake
tact
ical
or o
pera
tiona
l de
cisi
ons
us
e co
ntrib
utio
n to
sa
les
ratio
to c
alcu
late
pr
ofits
or l
osse
s at
va
rious
act
ivity
leve
ls
ca
lcul
ate
and
inte
rpre
t m
argi
n of
saf
ety
re
conc
ile p
rofit
s ca
lcul
ated
usi
ng
abso
rptio
n an
d m
argi
nal c
ostin
g
C
losi
ng in
vent
ory.
Con
tribu
tion.
The
prof
it st
atem
ents
.
Rec
onci
liatio
n of
abs
orpt
ion
.and
m
argi
nal p
rofit
s.
Th
e di
ffere
nces
bet
wee
n m
argi
nal a
nd
abso
rptio
n co
stin
g.
M
argi
n of
saf
ety.
Con
tribu
tion
to s
ales
ratio
.
Shor
t run
dec
isio
n m
akin
g.
C
ost-v
olum
e-pr
ofit
anal
ysis
.
Va
luin
g in
vent
ory
usin
g m
argi
nal c
ostin
g.
Pr
epar
ing
prof
it st
atem
ents
.
Expl
aini
ng d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n m
argi
nal c
ostin
g an
d ab
sorp
tion
cost
ing.
Cal
cula
ting
cont
ribut
ion
of
prod
ucts
.
Appl
ying
mar
gina
l cos
ting
tech
niqu
es in
dec
isio
n m
akin
g.
C
alcu
latin
g an
d in
terp
retin
g m
argi
n of
saf
ety.
Rec
onci
ling
prof
it ca
lcul
ated
on
mar
gina
l and
abs
orpt
ion
basi
s.
IC
T to
ols
Gra
phs
Br
aille
Job
and
Batc
h C
ostin
g
expl
ain
elem
ents
of j
ob
and
batc
h co
stin
g
calc
ulat
e co
sts
and
El
emen
ts o
f job
and
bat
ch c
ostin
g.
Pr
ime
cost
of a
job
or a
bat
ch.
Ab
sorp
tion
of o
verh
eads
into
a jo
b or
a
Ex
plai
ning
ele
men
ts o
f job
an
d ba
tch
cost
ing.
Det
erm
inin
g ov
erhe
ads
IC
T To
ols
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
26
28
SUB-
TOPI
C O
BJEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:
UNIT
CO
NTEN
T(Sk
ills,
atti
tude
s an
d kn
owle
dge)
SU
GG
ESTE
D L
EARN
ING
AC
TIVI
TIES
AND
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RESO
URCE
S
prof
it fo
r a jo
b or
a
batc
h
batc
h.
To
tal c
ost o
f a jo
b.
Se
lling
pric
e of
a jo
b or
a b
atch
.
abso
rbed
by
a jo
b.
C
alcu
latin
g co
sts
and
prof
it fo
r a jo
b or
a b
atch
.
Con
duct
ing
educ
atio
nal
tour
s.
Stan
dard
Cos
ting
ex
plai
n st
anda
rd
cost
ing
se
t sta
ndar
ds
id
entif
y ty
pes
of
stan
dard
s
calc
ulat
e va
rianc
es
ex
plai
n th
e ca
uses
of
varia
nces
inte
rpre
t the
diff
eren
t ty
pes
of v
aria
nces
reco
ncile
sta
ndar
d to
ac
tual
cos
ts
re
conc
ile s
tand
ard
to
actu
al p
rofit
St
anda
rds.
Type
s of
sta
ndar
ds.
Ty
pes
of v
aria
nces
– m
ater
ial,
labo
ur
and
sale
s.
Va
rianc
e an
alys
is.
R
econ
cilia
tion
stat
emen
ts.
Ex
plai
ning
sta
ndar
d co
stin
g.
Se
tting
of s
tand
ards
.
Cal
cula
ting
mat
eria
l, la
bour
an
d sa
les
varia
nces
.
Anal
ysin
g va
rianc
es.
R
econ
cilin
g st
anda
rd
amou
nts
to a
ctua
l am
ount
s.
Q
uest
ions
on
over
head
va
rianc
es w
ill n
ot b
e se
t.
IC
T to
ols
R
esou
rce
pers
ons
Br
aille
Acc
ount
ing
Sylla
bus F
orm
s 5 -
6
26 27
TOPI
C 4
: MA
NA
GEM
ENT
AC
CO
UN
TIN
G
29
TOPI
C 4:
MAN
AGEM
ENT
ACCO
UNTI
NG
SUB-
TOPI
C O
BJEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:
UNIT
CO
NTEN
T(Sk
ills,
atti
tude
s an
d kn
owle
dge)
SU
GG
ESTE
D L
EARN
ING
AC
TIVI
TIES
AND
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RESO
URCE
S
Budg
etin
g an
d Bu
dget
ary
Con
trol
ex
plai
n im
porta
nce
of
budg
etin
g an
d
budg
etar
y co
ntro
l sy
stem
s
exp
lain
beh
avio
ural
as
pect
s of
bud
getin
g an
d bu
dget
ary
cont
rol
pr
epar
e v
ario
us ty
pes
of b
udge
ts
ex
plai
n e
ffect
s of
lim
iting
fact
ors
on th
e pr
epar
atio
n of
bud
gets
prep
are
flexe
d bu
dget
st
atem
ents
iden
tify
and
expl
ain
ca
uses
of d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n ac
tual
and
fle
xed
budg
ets
m
ake
busi
ness
de
cisi
ons
and
reco
mm
enda
tions
us
ing
supp
ortin
g da
ta
Im
porta
nce
of b
udge
ting
and
budg
etar
y co
ntro
l sys
tem
s.
Be
havi
oura
l asp
ects
of b
udge
ting.
Type
s of
bud
gets
: -
Sale
s -
Prod
uctio
n an
d pu
rcha
ses
in u
nits
an
d va
lue
- C
ash
- M
aste
r.
Lim
iting
fact
ors
on p
repa
ratio
n of
bu
dget
s.
Flex
ed b
udge
t sta
tem
ents
.
Cau
ses
of d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n ac
tual
an
d fle
xed
budg
ets.
Ex
plai
ning
impo
rtanc
e of
bu
dget
ing
and
budg
etar
y co
ntro
l sys
tem
s.
Ex
plai
ning
beh
avio
ural
as
pect
s of
bud
getin
g an
d bu
dget
ary
cont
rol.
Pr
epar
ing
vario
us ty
pes
of
budg
ets.
Ex
plai
ning
effe
cts
of lim
iting
fact
ors
on th
e pr
epar
atio
n of
bu
dget
s.
Pr
epar
ing
flexe
d bu
dget
st
atem
ents
.
Iden
tifyin
g an
d ex
plai
ning
ca
uses
of d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n ac
tual
and
flex
ed
budg
ets.
Mak
ing
busi
ness
dec
isio
ns
and
reco
mm
enda
tions
usi
ng
supp
ortin
g da
ta.
IC
T to
ols
Pr
int m
edia
Brai
lle
Inve
stm
ent
Appr
aisa
l
use
capi
tal in
vest
men
t ap
prai
sal t
echn
ique
s to
as
sess
via
bilit
y of
in
vest
men
t pro
ject
s
st
ate
dec
isio
n cr
iteria
of
eac
h ca
pita
l in
vest
men
t app
rais
al
tech
niqu
e
anal
yse
adva
ntag
es
and
disa
dvan
tage
s of
ea
ch in
vest
men
t ap
prai
sal t
echn
ique
In
vest
men
t app
rais
al te
chni
ques
and
de
cisi
on c
riter
ia:
- Ac
coun
ting
Rat
e of
Ret
urn
- Pa
ybac
k Pe
riod
-
Net
Pre
sent
Val
ue
- In
tern
al R
ate
of R
etur
n.
Ad
vant
ages
and
dis
adva
ntag
es o
f in
vest
men
t app
rais
al te
chni
ques
.
U
sing
cap
ital in
vest
men
t ap
prai
sal t
echn
ique
s to
as
sess
the
viab
ility
of
inve
stm
ent p
roje
cts.
Stat
ing
the
deci
sion
crit
eria
of
each
cap
ital in
vest
men
t ap
prai
sal t
echn
ique
.
Anal
ysin
g ad
vant
ages
and
di
sadv
anta
ges
of e
ach
inve
stm
ent a
ppra
isal
te
chni
que.
IC
T to
ols
Br
aille
9.0 SCHEME OF ASSESSMENT
9.1 Assessment
Accounting will be assessed using continuous and summative assessment. The syllabus scheme of assessment is grounded on the principle of inclusivity. Arrangements, accommodations and modifications should be visible in both continuous and summative assessments to enable candidates with special needs to access assessments and receive accurate performance measurement of their abilities. Access arrangements must neither give these learners an undue advantage over others nor compromise the standards being assessed.
9.2 Assessment objectives
By the end of form 5 and 6, accounting learners should be able to:
1. explain accounting concepts, principles and practices2. apply accounting concepts, principles, policies and practices in preparing financial statements3. demonstrate competencies of planning, budgeting and management of resources4. present accounting information in an accurate, orderly, clear and logical way5. analyse and interpret financial statements for the benefit of users6. communicate accounting information meaningfully to users7. manage a project in a cost effective way without compromising on quality8. demonstrate transparency and accountability in executing transactions9. demonstrate knowledge and understanding of internal control systems10. use ICT tools in recording and processing accounting data11. select ways of financing a business
9.3 FORMS OF ASSESSMENT
30
9.0 SCHEME OF ASSESSMENT
9.1 Assessment Accounting will be assessed using continuous and summative assessment. The syllabus scheme of assessment is grounded on the principle of inclusivity. Arrangements, accommodations and modifications should be visible in both continuous and summative assessments to enable candidates with special needs to access assessments and receive accurate performance measurement of their abilities. Access arrangements must neither give these learners an undue advantage over others nor compromise the standards being assessed.
9.2 Assessment objectives
By the end of form 5 and 6, accounting learners should be able to:
1. explain accounting concepts, principles and practices
2. apply accounting concepts, principles, policies and practices in preparing financial statements
3. demonstrate competencies of planning, budgeting and management of resources
4. present accounting information in an accurate, orderly, clear and logical way
5. analyse and interpret financial statements for the benefit of users
6. communicate accounting information meaningfully to users
7. manage a project in a cost effective way without compromising on quality
8. demonstrate transparency and accountability in executing transactions
9. demonstrate knowledge and understanding of internal control systems
10. use ICT tools in recording and processing accounting data
11. select ways of financing a business
9.3 FORMS OF ASSESSMENT FORM OF ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING
Continuous 30%
Summative 70%
TOTAL 100%
Accounting Syllabus Forms 5 - 6
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9.4 CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT (30%)
LEVEL ASSESSMENT TASK FREQUENCY WEIGHTING
FORM 5 Theory test 1 per term (excluding first term)
Practical assignment 1 per term (excluding first term)
15%
Project 1 per year
FORM 6 Theory test 1 per term (excluding third term)
Practical assignment 1 per term (excluding third term)
15%
Project 1 per year
TOTAL 30%
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9.5 SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT (70%)
PAPER DESCRIPTION DURATION NO OF QUESTIONS
MARKS PAPER
WEIGHTING
WEIGHTING
1 Multiple choice questions 1 hour 20 minutes 40 40 15%
70% 2 Structured questions 1 hour 45 minutes 4 100 25%
3 Problem solving 2 ½ hours 4 100 30%
NOTE: All papers are compulsory. 20-25% of the marks will be awarded to questions relating to Cost and Management Accounting Section of the Syllabus
Paper 1 - A multiple choice test consisting of 40 items with four options each, testing across the whole syllabus
Paper 2 - A written paper which candidates answer on the question paper consisting of four structured questions testing across the whole syllabus Paper 3 – A written paper consisting of four problem solving questions testing on any area of the syllabus. The paper will contain questions in which candidates will be tested on their ability to organize and present
information, ideas or arguments clearly and logically.
Paper 1 - A multiple choice test consisting of 40 items with four options each, testing across the whole syllabusPaper 2 - A written paper which candidates answer on the question paper consisting of four structured questions test
ing across the whole syllabus
Paper 3 – A written paper consisting of four problem solving questions testing on any area of the syllabus. The paper will contain questions in which candidates will be tested on their ability to organize and present information, ideas or arguments clearly and logically.
Accounting Syllabus Forms 5 - 6
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9.6 THE SPECIFICATION GRID
SKILL PAPER 1 PAPER 2 PAPER 3
1. Knowledge and understanding 60% 60% 50%
2. Application and analysis 40% 20% 30%
3. Synthesis and evaluation - 20% 20%
TOTAL 100 100 100
Skill guide Skill 1: Candidates are expected to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of accounting concepts and principles and apply
them in preparing financial statements and reports Skill 2: Candidates are expected to select, order, analyse and present information in an appropriate accounting form Skill 3: Candidates are expected to present reasoned explanations, make decisions, recommendations and judgements based on accounting information and principles.
Skill guide
Skill 1: Candidates are expected to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of accounting concepts and principles and apply them in preparing financial statements and reportsSkill 2: Candidates are expected to select, order, analyse and present information in an appropriate accounting formSkill 3: Candidates are expected to present reasoned explanations, make decisions, recommendations and judge-ments based on accounting information and principles.
Accounting Syllabus Forms 5 - 6
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Assessment of learner performance in Accounting 100%
Assessment of learner performance in Accounting
Continuous assessment 30%
Continuous assessment mark = 30%
FINAL MARK = 100%
Summative Assessment 70%
Examination mark= 70%
Projects 10%
Profiling
Profile
Exit Profile
Theory10%
Practicals10%
Paper 1 15%
Paper 2 25%
Paper 3 30%
Accounting Syllabus Forms 5 - 6
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