ENS101GHljóðfræði 1

English Phonetics 1

Pétur Knútsson

accent

“voice”

accentpronunciationphonetic form

“S/he doesn’t speak English with an

accent”

“S/he doesn’t speak English with an

accent”

• Britain

• Australia

• New Zealand

• South Africa

• USA

• Canada

• Britain

• Australia

• New Zealand

• South Africa

• USA

• Canada

• Scotland, Ireland, Jamaica / Africa / India

• BritainRP: “Received

Pronunciation”

BE: General British English

• USAGA, AE: General

American English

accentpronuciationphonetic form

dialectvocabulary, grammar, syntaxgrammatical form

“s/he speaks dialect”

accentpronuciationphonetic form

dialect

Linguistically, there’s no such thing as a corrupt accent or a corrupt dialect.

Linguistically, there’s no such thing as an ugly accent or an ugly dialect.

Linguistically, there’s no such thing as a beautiful accent or a beautiful dialect.

accentpronuciationphonetic form

dialectvocabulary, grammar, syntaxgrammatical form

accentpronuciationphonetic form

dialectvocabulary, grammar, syntaxgrammatical form

• France, Iceland, Japan, Greece .........

• Britain

• Australia

• New Zealand

• South Africa

• USA

• Canada

• Britain

• Australia

• New Zealand

• South Africa

• USA

• Canada

INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH

mayor

mayormare

stair bear there heir mayor

mayormare

fissurefisher

careerKorea

evident abundant

vacant confident

valiant obedient

“schwa”

evident abundant

vacant confident

valiant obedient

NUTRIENT PRESCIENT OMNISCIENT DISSENTIENT PRESENTIENT TRANSIENT DARENT EVACUANT DILUENT CONTINUANT PURSUANT CONSTITUENT AFFLUENT EFFLUENT REFLUENT INFLUENT CONFLUENT CONGRUENT TRUANT OBSTRUENT CUMBENT LAMBENT DECUMBENT RECUMBENT INCUMBENT PROCUMBENT DECADENT PAGEANT ALLEGIANT REGENT SEJANT PRECEDENT ANTECEDENT URGENT EMERGENT INSURGENT DETERGENT ABSTERGENT VERDANT DIVERGENT CONVERGENT ACCORDANT CONCORDANT DISCORDANT MORDANT MORDENT STUDENT PRUDENT IMPRUDENT ARDENT ARGENT SERGEANT SERJEANT PEDANT TRIDENT INDIGENT AGENT REAGENT DIFFIDENT CONFIDENT INTELLIGENT UNINTELLIGENT NEGLIGENT DILIGENT PRECEDENT DISSIDENT ACCIDENT EXIGENT OCCIDENT INTRANSIGENT INCIDENT COINCIDENT EVIDENT PROVIDENT IMPROVIDENT RESIDENT PRESIDENT INDULGENT FULGENT EFFULGENT REFULGENT SCANDENT ABUNDANT SUPERABUNDANT REDUNDANT PUNGENT DEFENDANT RESPLENDENT PENDANT PENDENT DEPENDANT DEPENDENT INTERDEPENDENT INDEPENDENT ASCENDANT ASCENDENT DESCENDANT DESCENDENT TRANSCENDENT ATTENDANT INTENDANT SUPERINTENDENT DESPONDENT RESPONDENT CORRESPONDENT COGENT RODENT IMPUDENT SYCOPHANT ELEPHANT TRIUMPHANT INFANT TERMAGANT ARROGANT TANGENT SUBTANGENT COTANGENT STRINGENT ASTRINGENT CONTINGENT OBLIGANT ELEGANT INELEGANT LITIGANT EXTRAVAGANT GIANT DEFIANT OLEFIANT PLIANT COMPLIANT ATTRAHENT BUOYANT FLAMBOYANT CLAIRVOYANT CLAIRVOYANTE OBEDIENT DISOBEDIENT MEDIANT EXPEDIENT INEXPEDIENT INGREDIENT CLAIRAUDIENT RADIANT GRADIENT IRRADIANT VALIANT EBULLIENT SALIENT BRILLIANT LENIENT CONVENIENT INCONVENIENT SAPIENT INSOUCIANT RUBEFACIENT SUBSERVIENT CLINQUANT BACCHANT PIQUANT SECANT COSECANT PECCANT ABDICANT MENDICANT VACANT SIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT APPLICANT APPLICANT COMMUNICANT LUBRICANT INTOXICANT INDOLENT VIOLENT SOMNOLENT EXCELLENT INSOLENT NONCHALANT MALEVOLENT BENEVOLENT PREVALENT EQUIVALENT GALLANT GALLANT GALLANT TALENT COOLANT APPELANT PROPELLENT INTERPELLANT REPELLENT IMPELLENT SILENT JUBILANT SIBILANT FLAGELLANT VIGILANT EXHALANT ASSAILANT DIVALENT AMBIVALENT PESTILENT REDOLENT CONDOLENT VOLANT TURBULENT AMBULANT NOCTAMBULANT FRAUDULENT TRUCULENT SUCCULENT FECULENT FLOCCULENT ESCULENT OSCULANT ULULANT TREMULANT STIMULANT CRAPULENT CORPULENT OPULENT FLATULENT PETULANT POSTULANT VIRULENT LINEAMENT DISMEMBERMENT ADAMANT BEWILDERMENT FUNDAMENT WONDERMENT ENDANGERMENT MEASUREMENT ADMEASUREMENT DISFIGUREMENT TRANSFIGUREMENT LIGAMENT ATTIREMENT RETIREMENT ACQUIREMENT REQUIREMENT ENDEARMENT CEREMENT MEDICAMENT PREDICAMENT PARLIAMENT FILAMENT FIRMAMENT ARMAMENT DISARMAMENT TOURNAMENT ORNAMENT TEMPERAMENT SACRAMENT ARBITRAMENT ACCOUTREMENT BETTERMENT EMBITTERMENT HEREDITAMENT TESTAMENT ALLUREMENT IMMUREMENT INUREMENT DISSEVERMENT AGREEMENT DISAGREEMENT FERMENT PREFERMENT INTERMENT DISINTERMENT AVERMENT DORMANT INFORMANT GARMENT UNDERGARMENT JUDGEMENT JUDGMENT ADJUDGMENT BOMBARDMENT ENLARGEMENT EMBEDMENT ENGAGEMENT ASSUAGEMENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ACKNOWLEDGMENT MANAGEMENT ... (850+)

obeyattackobtainabstainperhapsparticular

“schwa”

L1 L2

L1 L2

preliterate: before learning to read

postliterate: after learning to read

“Home” Englishes International English

Over the past 500 – 600 years, English spelling has not kept up with the changes in pronunciation

Over the past 500 – 600 years, English spelling has not kept up with the changes in pronunciation

•In the year 1400, the words• boot• book• blood

were all pronounced with the same vowel, a long “oo” sound.

boot

book

blood

Not so today:

food moon lose rude blue

good should Butch bushfull Buddha

flood mud judge love sun son

L2

• Using L1 phonology for L2 sounds• shell, sell• measure, pressure • sheep, ship• think, sink• Kata, kæta

L2

• Using L1 phonology for L2 sounds

• Aiming at the “wrong” L2 sounds

Has its own phonology

Has a “filtered” or impoverished phonology

L1 L2“Home” Englishes International English

L1 and L2 : Summary

• preliterate – postliterate• does spelling or pronunciation come first?• weak vowels or not?• full or impoverished phonology?

L2 learners of English may not have much of a problem when what they learn can be explained in terms of letters. They find it for instance easy to learn that there is a “silent w” in write, and that the “silent e” at the end of stage changes the vowel “a” to a n “ay”-sound. But if the changes involved cannot be shown by letters, they may not be taught. So the use of Schwa at the end of teacher, doctor and beggar will not be taught.

So what accent of English do we concentrate on in this course?

• RP (British English)

• GA (American English)

• International English