accelerating strategies for practical innovation

This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Management Systems International.

Accelerating Strategies for Practical Innovation & Research in Economic Strengthening (ASPIRES) QUARTERLY REPORT (JULY 1, 2017 – SEPTEMBER 30, 2017)

October 2017

This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by FHI 360.

ASPIRES Quarterly Report FY2017 Q4 i

ACCELERATING STRATEGIES FOR PRACTICAL INNOVATION & RESEARCH IN ECONOMIC STRENGTHENING (ASPIRES) QUARTERLY REPORT FY17 Q4 (JULY 1, 2017 – SEPTEMBER 30, 2017)

COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. AID-OAA-LA-13-00001 SUBMITTED OCTOBER 30, 2017

ASPIRES Quarterly Report FY2017 Q4 ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PROJECT OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................... 1

II. FY2017 Q4 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................... 2

III. MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY .............................................................................................. 2

Technical Advisory Committee .................................................................................... 2

IV. ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED BY CORE (HOP) FUNDS .............................................................. 2

Gender TWG ............................................................................................................. 2

HIV Prevention for Key Populations TWG .................................................................... 3

OVC TWG ............................................................................................................. 3

Vulnerability Assessments 2.0 ............................................................................... 3

Technical Guidance ................................................................................................ 3

HES Research Dialogues ......................................................................................... 6

OVC Training Series and Supplemental Training Delivery ..................................... 6

OVC Cash Transfers Social Protection Training ...................................................... 7

Linking HES to HIV Outcomes ................................................................................ 8

HES Event: HES across the HIV Cascade................................................................. 8

DREAMS Technical Assistance ............................................................................... 8

Financial Capabilities Curriculum Validation ......................................................... 8

Cash plus Care 2.0 .................................................................................................. 8

Conference Co-Sponsorship and Learning Event ................................................... 9

Support to OVC Graduation Guidance ................................................................... 9

Financial Diaries Research for PMTCT ................................................................. 10

Prospective Savings Group Research for OVC Outcomes .................................... 10

Savings Group Costing ......................................................................................... 10

HES Treatment for HIV Outcomes ....................................................................... 10

DREAMS Job Demand Market Analysis................................................................ 11

STTA and Analytical Support ................................................................................ 11

PMTCT TWG ........................................................................................................... 11

V. ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED BY COUNTRY-SPECIFIC (COP) FUNDS ....................................... 11

Mozambique ........................................................................................................... 11

South Africa ........................................................................................................... 12

Tanzania ........................................................................................................... 19

VI. ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED BY DCOF FUNDS ..................................................................... 21

VII. SUCCESS STORIES ........................................................................................................ 27

VIII. BEST PRACTICES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SCALE-UP .................................................. 29

IX. CHALLENGES/PROPOSED SOLUTIONS .......................................................................... 30

X. UPCOMING PROJECT MILESTONES AND PRODUCTS ..................................................... 30

ASPIRES Quarterly Report FY2017 Q4 1

I. Project Overview

Poverty and social vulnerability tend to create a negative feedback loop for the people they affect. For

example, they increase the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS for individuals, and HIV/AIDS itself can

perpetuate a cycle of poverty and increase individuals’ social vulnerability. Vulnerability factors like

poverty, social isolation and HIV infection can have far-reaching consequences, increasing health and

well-being risks for households and communities. Where it compromises children’s well-being,

vulnerability can have negative consequences over lifetimes. Girls are disproportionately vulnerable in

most societies, and the links between maternal health and child outcomes mean that follow-on effects

of this heightened vulnerability can be generational. Traditional economic strengthening (ES) programs,

such as microfinance and workforce training, effectively target the economically active general

population, but they do not adequately consider the distinct needs of vulnerable children and other

highly at-risk populations at the household level. What is needed are specialized interventions to

strengthen household economic security and promote better outcomes for these populations.

ASPIRES is a PEPFAR- and USAID-funded ES project focused on vulnerable populations, especially those

affected by HIV. We aim to promote evidence-based practice by providing technical assistance (TA) for

integrated ES programming most consistent with positive livelihood, health, and well-being outcomes.

At the same time, we strengthen the evidentiary record through rigorous research so that future

programming efforts have stronger foundations.

Research is at the heart of the ASPIRES identity, and all our projects begin with a systematic

interrogation of the existing evidence base in relevant program areas. We make major investments in

original evaluation research of the highest possible rigor, both for course correction in implementation

and to add to the evidence base. We share our findings on best practices with partners, the broader

development community, policymakers, and other key constituents, and we offer TA to support

programs that seek to replicate those practices.

ASPIRES provides limited direct implementation. Instead, we focus on providing existing USAID-funded

projects with TA and research related to ES. This allows us to balance the collaboration necessary for in-

depth research with independence from program operations. In this manner, we generate findings that

contribute to identifying a core set of pathways to greater resilience for vulnerable individuals and

households, and that provide insight into effective, efficient, and scalable interventions to achieve the

desired impacts.

ASPIRES has no single theory of change; we are not a single-model or one-size-fits-all project. We are

open to all manner of integrated ES interventions of interest to our USAID and PEPFAR stakeholders,

with the ultimate aim to shape interventions around the best evidence available.


II. FY2017 Q4 Overview

Major accomplishments in ASPIRES programming for FY2017 Q3 included:

▪ Wrapping up all field-based activities associated with the SCIP evaluation and drafting the final report for the activity

▪ Concluding the Vulnerability Assessment 2.0 activity with the publication of all products on MicroLinks

▪ Submitting all HES Dialogues technical guidance products to USAID for review ▪ Meeting the accelerated end date for technical assistance provision in South Africa on September

30.

III. Management activity

Technical Advisory Committee

The TAC did not convene this quarter or review any ASPIRES outputs. The next TAC meeting is scheduled

as a three-hour virtual meeting (with in person-options for DC-based participants) for the afternoon of

Thursday, October 5, 2017. TAC members will be asked to provide input on the following draft research

protocols: “Community Savings Group Participation and Retention and Adherence in Mozambique,”

“Financial Diaries to Understand the Economic Context of PMTCT Retention and Adherence in Malawi,”

and “Tracer Study Exploring OVC Graduation in Kenya.” Draft protocols will be circulated prior to the

meeting to enable the members to prepare questions and feedback (based on discussions, the PIs will

follow up individually with the TAC members in early FY2018 Q1). Additionally, we will report on the

South Africa RCT Baseline findings and provide an update on the research implementation.

IV. Activities Supported by Core (HOP) Funds

Gender TWG

Evaluation of Integrated Social Empowerment & Economic Empowerment

In July, Holly Burke traveled to Mozambique and had two dissemination meetings, one with the USAID

mission in Maputo (July 10) and one with about 50 local stakeholders and study team members in

Quelimane (July 12).

Rachel Lenzi traveled to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on behalf of Holly Burke from Sept 18-21 to present the

poster and science pitch at the Sexual Violence Research Initiative Forum titled, “If she didn't have any

money she would still be looking for men”: Multi-level effects of an economic and social empowerment


intervention to reduce adolescent girls’ vulnerability to gender-based violence and HIV in Zambézia,

Mozambique.

On September 14-15, there was a local research conference in Quelimane, Mozambique and our

Vanderbilt team (Troy Moon) presented a poster in Portuguese summarizing the key qualitative findings

of the study.

In August, the team wrote a final report summarizing all qualitative and quantitative results. In the next

quarter, the team will submit the final report and start preparing manuscripts from the qualitative data.

HIV Prevention for Key Populations TWG

Research into Economic Management Strategies of Female Sex Workers

ASPIRES continues to pursue the recommendation made by USAID in Q3 to work with LINKAGES to scale

up or adapt the ASPIRES pilot program for FSWs. ASPIRES initiated discussions with the LINKAGES team

in Mali last quarter to adapt the existing ASPIRES ES pilot curriculum for FSWs to the Malian context.

ASPIRES has shared a concept note and budget with the LINKAGES team and is awaiting a response.

OVC TWG

OVC-related activities with a global reach

Vulnerability Assessments 2.0

In August, ASPIRES published all the products associated with this activity on MicroLinks: 1) “Household

Economic Vulnerability Indicator Tool Guide,” 2) “Adolescent Girls Economic Vulnerability Indicator Tool

Guide,” and 3) “Identifying Economic Status Indicators for Adolescent Girls in DREAMS Programs,” the

literature review on evidence-based indicators of economic vulnerability for adolescent girls that

underpinned development of the tools. This activity is now concluded.

Technical Guidance

A major goal of the OVC commitment is to develop technical guidance that ASPIRES and its stakeholders

can employ globally in advancing project aims relevant to children and vulnerable populations. The goal

applies particularly to promoting the implementation of activities with an established base of evidence

and best practices—as opposed to taking less-documented approaches “off the shelf” and employing or

encouraging them. Under the OVC commitment, we are advancing this goal with comprehensive desk

reviews that explore particular technical topics thoroughly, examining all reliable evidence and then

producing polished and accessible materials for dissemination or project use within ASPIRES.

The following seven technical guidance topics were underway or under development in FY2017 Q3:


i) Best Practices in Community-based Savings-led Microfinance for Youth/Vulnerable

Children

In December, USAID approved two briefs for publication: “Savings Groups for Orphans and Vulnerable

Children” and “Microfinance with Bundled Financial Services for Orphans and Vulnerable Children.” Final

formatting will be completed by November 15 and the briefs then will be published on Microlinks by

November 30. The remaining product, a technical guidance report, is being revised on the basis of

comments received from USAID and an additional internal reviewer. We will share the revised version

with USAID next quarter. To facilitate rapid approval and publication, we will include a markup that

shows how USAID’s comments were addressed.

ii) Best Practices in Institutional Savings-led Microfinance for Youth/Vulnerable Children

SEEP's contract concluded at the end of Q2, and the remaining work on deliverables for this sub-award

will be handled by ASPIRES. At the end of Q2, SEEP provided a revised evidence review; however, review

indicates that the document requires some additional strengthening, which currently is underway. We

aim to submit it to USAID for review, along with several associated deliverables listed in the chart below,

in FY2018 Q1.

iii) “Savings Groups Plus”

The manuscript based on the evidence review continues under revision. The research team that

developed the manuscript has dispersed – the PI remains with FHI 360, but the lead assisting researcher

has left the agency. This, plus competing demands from the PI’s regular project portfolio have pushed

the target manuscript resubmission date to October.

Jennine Carmichael prepared a presentation on the evidence review for delivery on a panel at the SEEP

Annual Conference in October.

The final deliverable in this series, a brief on SG+ for PEPFAR OVC programming, was submitted to USAID

for review in Q4.

iv) The State of Microinsurance

EPRI has delivered all outputs under this technical guidance series. This includes the evidence base

report, four technical guidance briefs, a screencast, and a final overview and reflection report for

ASPIRES internal learning. Late in Q1, USAID provided reviews of the evidence base report and all four

briefs and asked for only modest revisions. With the review of the evidence base report now in hand,

ASPIRES has been working on revisions and the five external written documents (excluding the

screencast and the overview/reflection report) will be submitted to USAID next quarter along with the

final report, which is an internal document only.


v) Leveraging Cash Transfers to Build HIV Resilience in OVC Populations

On September 12, ASPIRES provided SEEP and its sub-contractor for this activity, EPRI, with extensive,

but favorable, external and internal reviews on the two major deliverables related to costing cash

transfers for OVC – a State of the Evidence Review and a Microsimulation. Revisions have been delayed,

however, because the EPRI researcher in charge of this project went on maternity leave in late

September. She is expected to begin working part-time again by November 1, and revised drafts and all

derivative products (i.e., a technical brief on costing for practitioners and policymakers, a costing case-

study, and a brief on how to use and interpret microsimulation for policy design) are expected in the

latter half of November, for review again by ASPIRES. We anticipate submitting the two major

deliverables by early December, along with the three derivative products.

vi) Operationalizing Cash plus Care

After significant delay through mid-Q3, EPRI has made good progress on completing deliverables under

this subaward. ASPIRES engaged with EPRI to develop a plan to get this activity back on track, and in

mid-June, we mutually agreed to a revised deliverables schedule and began bi-weekly calls to monitor

progress. The calls and monitoring were carried out as planned. In addition, both Dr. Lucie Cluver of

Oxford University and Dr. Michael Samson, EPRI’s Research Director, have provided substantial input

into the first two of the following five deliverables:

1) The main deliverable is a State of Practice report titled “Synergies between Cash and Care

Interventions to Improve HIV Outcomes for OVC.” It was closely reviewed by ASPIRES in early

September and a revised version is due mid-October, at which time it will be sent for external

review in advance of submitting it to USAID for review.

There also are four derivative pieces:

2) A Gap Analysis Report to identify needed research to improve understanding of Cash plus Care,

a draft of which has been submitted (with a revised version due in mid-October)

Plus three deliverables whose preliminary drafts will be finalized once the State-of-Practice

report has been reviewed externally:

3) a screencast based on the State-of-Practice Report whose preliminary draft will be finalized

once the report has passed external review,

4) a technical guidance piece titled “Promising Practices in Cash plus Care,” and

5) a policy brief titled “Building on the Best”

We anticipate submitting all products for USAID review in early December.

vii) Savings Groups for Vulnerable Youth

Following the manual design writeshop at the end of last quarter, CRS continued development of the

draft youth savings group (YSG) manual. The consultant hired to write the manual developed a draft that


was circulated internally at CRS. The next version will incorporate that internal feedback and be shared

with implementing partners and external reviewers early in FY18Q1, with feedback requested by early

December.

CRS also developed and launched the baseline survey for the implementing partners in Nigeria who will

be pre-testing the manual. The survey was implemented online. The purpose of the baseline survey is to

understand the implementing partners’ current knowledge of and attitudes toward YSGs prior to the

manual launch. Eight organizations have confirmed their interest in participating in the pre-test.

HES Research Dialogues

Household Economic Strengthening (HES) Research Dialogues, led by the SEEP Network under a pair of

subawards from ASPIRES, has aimed to identify key research questions in HES as well as draw on existing

experience related to appropriate research methods and tools. All activities have been completed,

except for finalization of the publications described below. As reported last quarter, the original HES

Dialogues subaward closed on March 31, 2017, while HES Dialogues II, a supplementary sub-award,

closed on April 30, 2016. ASPIRES is handling the finalization of all editorial products.

The following four HES Evidence Briefs and a series of three HES Methods Briefs, each 4-6 pages in

length and targeted to practitioners have been submitted to USAID for review:

Evidence briefs (submitted on September 21, 2017)

• Understanding the Effects of Microsavings on Vulnerable Children in Sub-Saharan Africa

• Understanding the Effects of Cash Transfers on Vulnerable Children in Sub-Saharan Africa

• Youth Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa

• Economic Strengthening Interventions Targeting Adolescent Girls

Methods briefs (submitted on September 5, 2017)

• Scoring Sheet for Swift Assessment of the Quality of Available Evidence

• Standardized Guidelines for Reporting Implementation Procedures

• Recommendations for Assessing Outcome Measures

The authors of the methods briefs also produced an “Annotated Bibliography of Resources on

Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods,” which was submitted to USAID for review on

September 5, 2017.

OVC Training Series and Supplemental Training Delivery

During this quarter, Freedom from Hunger/ Grameen Foundation (FFH/GF) has:

• Continued research for and revisions to the Economic Strengthening for Vulnerable Children

training materials in order to keep them timely and relevant in anticipation of future trainings.


• Continued research for and revisions to the Savings Groups: Designing for Impact training

materials in order to keep timely and relevant in anticipation of future trainings.

• In May 2017, ASPIRES and FFH/GF provided USAID additional potential dates for training

delivery. Unless additional funding for this award becomes available, there only remains funding

for one more training. Missions in several countries have expressed interest in hosting a

training, however, at the end of Q4, USAID had not yet been able to provide a date for a

training. ASPIRES will continue to pursue scheduling options with USAID for one of the two

available training programs.

OVC Cash Transfers Social Protection Training

The subaward to the Grameen Foundation for this activity began on July 1. Grameen Foundation is

developing a training course that focuses on developing, delivering and leveraging cash transfers and

connecting them to other social protection efforts for orphans and vulnerable children.

During this quarter Grameen Foundation has:

• Conducted desk research on cash transfers for OVC and the current training available on the

topic.

• Designed and conducted learning needs and resource assessment (LNRA) to understand from

potential learners what they want and need to learn.

• Used its “Eight Elements of Design” methodology to answer the three most important questions

for learners – namely, what (the content and the skills, knowledge, and attitudes associated

with it), what for (the achievement-based objectives that detail what the learners will have done

by the end of the workshop), and how (the learning tasks and materials) – to inform the

development of training content and its delivery.

• Interviewed potential consultants for the position of subject matter expert and established a

shortlist of finalists.

During FY2018 Q1, Grameen Foundation will:

• Continue with the desk research up until the facilitation of the training in order to give the

learners the most up-to-date information.

• Make the LNRA available to potential learners and will conduct another LNRA with the

registered participants just before the facilitation of the workshop to get a sense of their

expectations around the workshop.

• Work with FHI 360 and USAID to schedule the first delivery of the workshop in the latter half of

Q2 or during Q3.

• Hire a competitively selected consultant who will review the training package to ensure it is

comprehensive and of high quality.

• Generate case studies on successful cash transfer programs.

• Develop the curriculum.

• Begin the formatting, editing, and review of the entire training package.


Linking HES to HIV Outcomes

ASPIRES continued the process of developing a special issue for the journal AIDS Care, which will focus

on HES for HIV prevention, care and treatment outcomes. The issue will center on ASPIRES’ HES and HIV

outcomes evidence review, presented across three papers focusing on prevention, testing and linkage to

care, and retention and adherence. The issue will also include a select number of primary research

papers from external authors, and an editorial on the state of the evidence base. This quarter, ASPIRES

finalized the contract with the publisher, Taylor and Francis, who issued an open call for research

papers. The editorial team received several submissions, which will be considered for inclusion early in

the next quarter. The issue will be published in mid-2018.

HES Event: HES across the HIV Cascade

Following this event, which took place in Q2, ASPIRES developed a commentary-style article with

recommendations on possible future research, which we plan to submit to the special issue of AIDS Care

that ASPIRES is sponsoring. A small remaining balance of funding on this activity will also be used to

support the development of the AIDS Care issue.

DREAMS Technical Assistance

ASPIRES completed STTA activities in Kenya on January 31, carried out by five expert consultants

working in two teams to build the capacities of nine DREAMS implementing partners to train adolescent

girls and young women (AGYW) in financial capabilities and entrepreneurship. In early April, ASPIRES

queried the DREAMS co-chairs to elicit their feedback about the consultants’ overview report and

identify any topics they might wish addressed in a reflective summary report. No responses were

received. Due to lack of any follow up or expression of interest in a report from the Mission, ASPIRES

considers this activity completed.

Financial Capabilities Curriculum Validation

ASPIRES submitted the financial education curriculum systematic review to USAID on September 21,

2017 for review and/or approval. Next, the consultant team will develop a journal manuscript

summarizing the scientific evidence behind financial education (FE) interventions for vulnerable youth

based on the systematic review. ASPIRES and the consultant team are working together to identify an

appropriate journal to target for submission. ASPIRES has put the revisions of the FE Selection Tool on

hold pending a decision about the second phase of this study, which was presented to USAID as a

concept in June.

Cash plus Care 2.0 – Improving the Capabilities of OVC Caregivers to Use Cash

Transfers to Increase the Wellbeing of Children in their Care

ASPIRES received approval for this concept note on September 25th and will carry out planning for this

activity during FY2018 Q1, aiming to begin implementation in Q2. This activity builds on work underway

in the “Leveraging Cash Transfers” and “Cash plus Care” Technical Guidance Series sub-awards. It entails


operational research on Cash plus Care “2.0” interventions for OVC populations to examine if Cash plus

Care programming can be further enhanced by introducing OVC caregivers to sustainable financial

management approaches such as financial capability training, savings groups (SGs), and mobile phone

based savings.

The key question we will examine what simple, low-cost methods are available for helping OVC

caregivers to enhance Cash plus Care efforts (or, in the absence of “plus Care” programming, at least

enhance the impact of the “Cash” component)? We will develop and pilot techniques to help OVC

caregivers optimize their use of CTs to better meet both the immediate and future consumption

requirements of the children in their care. We will also link the participating OVC caregivers to savings

mechanisms that are easy to access and low cost, exploring mechanisms to link CT recipients to SGs, and

developing and testing SG procedures that better fit the periodic nature of CTs as income flows. This will

lead to the development of processes and tools that can be used to implement a “Cash plus Care 2.0”

approach that builds the capacity of HIV-vulnerable, CT-receiving households to accumulate and manage

financial assets to smooth consumption. This will enable these households to better meet the nutrition

and health needs of the OVC in their care, as well as to support adherence to ART for HIV-positive

household members.

Conference Co-Sponsorship and Learning Event

In June, ASPIRES received USAID approval to sponsor the AIDSImpact conference, which will be held in

South Africa in November 2017, as well as to offer two workshops within the conference. Following

approval of this concept, ASPIRES held further discussions with organizers Lucie Cluver and Lorraine

Sherr to discuss the content of the workshops and a panel presentation ASPIRES intends to organize at

the conference. The workshops, which will be facilitated by ASPIRES, will be on the topics of Generating

Fundable Research Questions and Research Study Design. The proposed panel, titled Integration of

Economic Strengthening and HIV Prevention and Treatment, will feature related ASPIRES activities and

research, such as the RCT in South Africa and ASPIRES South Africa ES and HIV Prevention interventions

with Save the Children and local IPs. The panel will be moderated by ASPIRES Project Director, Mike

Ferguson, and will include a funder, Brenda Yambe of USAID/South Africa, a practitioner of related non-

ASPIRES programming (Mbonisi Tshuma, World Education Inc), and a researcher (Holly Burke of FHI

360). Coordination of these events will continue in FY2018 Q1.

Support to OVC Graduation Guidance

This quarter, ASPIRES began activities specified in the revised Graduation concept note, starting with a

series of key informant interviews with OVC practitioners. The purpose of the interviews was to collect

information on program sequencing, appropriate economic benchmarks for graduation, and means of

preventing household-level backsliding post-graduation. Seven practitioners were interviewed,

representing six large-scale USAID-funded OVC programs in four countries. ASPIRES will complete

analysis and prepare a final report on the interviews in FY18Q1.

These reports will directly inform the design of a tracer study that ASPIRES will conduct in collaboration

with 4Children. The tracer study will endeavor to understand the status household outcomes at least six


months after graduation and the factors that lead to these outcomes. We intend to conduct the study in

Kenya in FY18.

Financial Diaries Research for PMTCT

In Q4, ASPIRES made steady progress in designing a study to understand the financial lives of women

enrolled in prevention of mother-to-child transmission care using the financial diaries methodology. The

research team developed a protocol, financial diaries debriefing tool, and guides for in-depth interviews,

focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. They developed draft consent scripts for each

tool. The protocol and data collection tools were reviewed by three senior members of the ASPIRES

team, and that input was incorporated into near-final versions for scientific and ethical review.

When the research team received USAID approval to begin designing this study, several potential study

locations were discussed, the most likely of which was Malawi; however, ASPIRES had not received

official concurrence from USAID/Malawi by the end of the quarter. Nevertheless, the research team

gathered initial information about potential study sites in Malawi, including identifying priority districts

with a mix of urban/rural facilities and other conditions that would be conducive to this study. ASPIRES

expects to receive mission concurrence early in the next quarter and is prepared to share the study

protocol and discuss additional design considerations and locations with USAID/Malawi as well as the

Ministry of Health at that time.

Prospective Savings Group Research for OVC Outcomes

ASPIRES and IPA drafted a collaboration plan that would allow IPA to conduct a follow-up study on one

or more of their SG-focused RCTs. The plan involves two stages—a feasibility investigation to determine

what (if any) RCT locations are best-suited to this follow-up, and then presumably the full follow-up

survey, The concept note for the first stage activity was submitted to USAID, and feedback was received

in early Q4. ASPIRES is currently preparing its response to the feedback.

Savings Group Costing

ASPIRES and Catholic Relief Services (CRS) began discussions around the nature and next steps of the

partnerships for the Savings Group costing activity. ASPIRES met with CRS to discuss the details of the

concept note, CRS’ methods for bookkeeping and how it relates to ASPIRES’ data needs, and which

countries and projects would be best subjects for the costing study. At the end of the quarter, ASPIRES

was waiting for a short-list of proposed projects that fit ASPIRES preferences and ASPIRES had shared a

revised, more detailed concept note with the CRS team.

HES Treatment for HIV Outcomes

This funding is combined with the Mozambique Savings Group Research activity. Please see that entry

below for details.


DREAMS Job Demand Market Analysis

Following approval of HOP16 funding in January, ASPIRES began discussions within FHI 360 to identify a

team to implement this activity. FHI 360’s Workforce Development practice offers a number of experts

with relevant expertise, including work with youth, and experience conducting job market assessments

in DREAMS countries (Kenya and Zimbabwe). ASPIRES submitted a concept note for this activity in May,

and it was approved in Q4 FY 2017. Intensive planning began in Q4 as well, with intentions to begin

fieldwork in Q1 FY 2018. However, at the close of Q4, the project faced some delays in gaining approval

from the USAID Missions to proceed in the selected country locations (Zambia and Zimbabwe).

Discussion are continuing.

STTA and Analytical Support

ASPIRES and Oxford resolved the administrative questions related to the PLGHA that had delayed

finalization of the subagreement to Oxford to perform analysis on one of their existing OVC databases.

The subagreement was signed in August. Following the approval of the ASPIRES no-cost extension, we

initiated work on a modification to Oxford’s agreement, as the original timeline was severely

compressed by the delays in signing.

ASPIRES awaits instructions from USAID on the use of the rest of the funds in this activity, presumably

for STTA to interested Missions.

PMTCT TWG

The Economic Dimensions of PMTCT

In Q4, ASPIRES submitted a brief based on the PMTCT literature review, targeted to a practitioner

audience, to USAID for approval. The brief summarizes learning from the literature review that is

relevant to program implementation. This activity will be complete following USAID approval of this

brief and the research brief submitted earlier in the year.

V. Activities Supported by Country-Specific (COP) Funds

Mozambique

Evaluation of Integrated Social Empowerment & Economic Empowerment

This activity is partially supported by the mission, along with support from the Gender TWG. See details

above, under the Gender TWG section.

Mozambique Case Study Research

After an initial rejection from a peer-reviewed sociology journal, ASPIRES will be resubmitting its

manuscript to another journal. The manuscript is based on the case study of the Community Care


Program (CCP) completed earlier in FY17, which explored the effects of programs for OVC and receipt of

governmental social protection services on child wellbeing and household resilience in Mozambique.

Mozambique Savings Group Research

In July and early August, the research team continued to work on several mixed-methods study design

options for a study on savings group participation and ART adherence. This included developing more

refined power and sample size calculations for both prospective and retrospective quantitative designs,

and researching innovative qualitative methods for their appropriateness in this context. It also included

additional engagement with the FHI 360 Clinical and Community HIV/AIDS Services Strengthening

(CHASS) project, which supports both the clinical facilities and the savings groups that ASPIRES

anticipates working with for this study.

In August, ASPIRES sent the USAID mission in Mozambique six methodologically sound, costed study

design options for consideration, and responded to their initial questions about the proposed outcome

variables, sample size calculations and anticipated effect sizes. At the end of Q4 the mission provided

their availability for a call to discuss these options further, which will take place on October 10th. To

address mission concerns about CHASS sharing a limited and de-identified clinical record dataset with

ASPIRES, the study team consulted with the FHI 360 Office of International Research Ethics and will

ensure all proper procedures are followed.

South Africa

Savings-led Economic Strengthening & HIV Education for At-risk Youth – TA &

Evaluations

ASPIRES aims to increase the capacity of five USAID IPs (CINDI, Future Families, HIVSA, NACCW, and

NACOSA) to use ES approaches to reinforce their HIV prevention efforts with young people from OVC

households. Through a subaward to Save the Children US, ASPIRES supports IPs in building youths’

ability to pursue educational and livelihoods opportunities, thereby helping youth visualize future

success and motivate them to adopt HIV prevention behaviors, or—if living with HIV—to adhere to

treatment. Through a successfully concluded (end of FY17Q2) subaward to HETTAS, we built the

capacity of the IPs to deliver HIV prevention education to the target population. We have been carrying

out these TA activities in support of ASPIRES’s mandate to deliver an integrated program consisting of

HIV Prevention Education (“Vhutshilo 2”), and four ES pillars—Financial Capabilities (Impumelelo),

Employability Skills, Entrepreneurship Skills, and Support for Access to Tertiary Education (Ngena).

Under our original mandate, all five trainings and related support are to be delivered to a total of at

least 1,800 youth (60% female). Under DREAMS, our TA partners have been raising the capacity of the

IPs to enable them to reach an additional 6,000 adolescent girls and young women (AGYW).


Economic Strengthening Activities

Overview

During FY2017 Q4, Save the Children US (referred henceforth as SCUS; however, often referred to in

the field as “ASPIRES SA,” to avoid confusion with Save the Children South Africa), wrapped up its

implementation activities and terminated all its South Africa-based staff in advance of final closeout of

all sub-award activities on October 31, 2017. The quarter’s activity highlights include:

• Providing ToTs to Future Families to increase the organization’s capacity to deliver the

Employability, Entrepreneurship and the Ngena 1 & 2 training packages. These will be offered to

youth who did not receive them due to their participation in the RCT, as well as to youth in non-

RCT communities where FF wishes to expand their ES programming.

• Delivering an Entrepreneurship ToT to NACCW to ensure its ongoing capacity to deliver this

training package.

• Conducting an implementation assessment to inform the final report – due in December – by

identifying best practices to reinforce and opportunities for expanding or deepening ES training

and support in future ES for OVC programming.

• Finalizing 18 manuals, handbooks and guides (list below) – access to them will be provided via

Microlinks once USAID Southern Africa OVC team has reviewed and approved them.

Financial Capability Pillar

The Financial Capability (FC) pillar includes both 16 sessions of the FC curriculum known as Impumelelo

and the establishment of Youth Savings Groups (YSGs). By the end of this reporting quarter, 2,620 OVCs

and youths 18–24 years old have completed financial capability trainings, surpassing the overall target

of 1,840 by 42%.

Financial Capability (Impumelelo) Life-of-Project Outreach (as of August 31, 2017)

YSGs are an important innovation of the FC pillar. YSG champions trained between November 2016 and

April 2017 significantly improved implementation of the YSG model, and a substantial proportion (54%)

of the youth who participated in the Impumelelo training program currently are saving in YSGs. At

present there are a total of 80 YSGs operating, with a total of 1,404 youth members. Altogether, the

groups have saved a total of R 29,422 with average saving of R 20.96 per participant. The amount saved

weekly ranges from R1.00 per week to R5.00 per participant. In addition to YSG members, another 173

participants have opened bank accounts.


Youth Savings Groups and Bank Accounts Life-of-Project Results (as of August 31, 2017)

Employability Skills Pillar

Under the Employability Skills pillar, 78% of the target number of youth for Cohorts 1, 2 and 3

had completed the training by the end of August 2017. The table below reflects the cumulative

achievements.

Employability Life-of-Project Outreach (as of August 31, 2017)

Following ASPIRES SA’s successful signing of the MOU with the National Youth Development

Authority (NYDA), all IPs are well positioned to help the youth they have trained to enroll in the

NYDA national database of unemployed youths for consideration for entry‐level jobs.

Additionally, ASPIRES SA held meetings with Harambee management in Pretoria and Kwa‐Zulu

Natal. In Pretoria, Harambee made a presentation to ToT participants for Employability and

Entrepreneurship at Future Families. In follow up, Future Families has committed to nominating

fully trained youth for further consideration by Harambee. In KZN province, Harambee

management requested an ongoing relationship with ASPIRES SA in order for them to actively

develop placements. Due to the program’s closeout this will not be possible, however the

ASPIRES IPs are aware that they can reach out to Harambee on their own.

As previously reported, 20 out-of-school and 3 in-school youth have used the employability skills they

have acquired to obtain entry-level jobs, apprenticeships, internships, or structured volunteer

placements. Such opportunities naturally accrue to out-of-school youth, since students have little time

to commit to non-study activities. Given the very low numbers of out-of-school youth in ASPIRES (all IPs

emphasize school attendance), 20 is a significant number that hopefully portends job acquisition

success for ASPIRES participants after they graduate or leave high school.


Entrepreneurship Pillar

To date, 1,480 (60%) of the target number of youth under the Entrepreneurship pillar have

completed training. These figures will increase as some of the enrolled learners will only

complete the training after ASPIRES SA is over.

Entrepreneurship Life-of-Project Outreach (as of August 31, 2017)

As of August 31, 131 youth involved in Entrepreneurship training started 17 group businesses.

Three more income generating projects were started by participants in Financial Capability

cohorts 1 & 2. Clearly, there is an interest among youth to pursue entrepreneurial

opportunities.

Supporting Access to Tertiary Education (SATE) Pillar

To date, four IPs (excluding FF due to RCT efforts) have delivered Ngena 1 (SATE Phase 1) training. A

total of 103 students completed training during the quarter, for an overall total of 469 students from

grades 9 -12 (emphasis on grades 9-10) trained.

During Q4, the team focused on supporting NACCW partner Khanyeselani (in Kokstad, KZN) in delivering

the SATE training for the youth it serves. A SATE Refresher training was also conducted with CINDI

members Youth for Christ, Lifeline, and Community Care Projects. ASPIRES SA trained 15 participants for

Ngena 1 from YCF, CCP and Lifeline; and 17 participants for Ngena 2 from YCF alone.

An additional 78 youth enrolled by NACCW’s partners completed Ngena 2 (SATE Phase 2) training, for an

overall total of 180 youth trained. As of August 31, 65 students who have received SATE have applied for

tertiary education (53 from CINDI). Plans to significantly ramp up support by the 36 university student

mentors were hindered by vacations, budget constraints, and the need to close out project activities

early.

Monitoring and Evaluation

To ensure that the numbers submitted from the IPs were valid and accurate, the M&E team undertook

data quality assessments (DQAs) at a sample of each IP’s community‐based partner organizations during

the months of August and September 2017. The team undertook verification of data reported for the

different cohorts, including crosschecking source documents to confirm that figures reported were in

line with the indicator definitions and criteria for reporting. The team examined signed attendance

registers at each site to check if the individuals reported had met the criteria for completion of the


different training activities. Other available documentation such as YSG registers/journals were

examined to confirm the number of active groups and membership thereof.

The most common finding across partners was poor recordkeeping and a lack of source documents to

confirm numbers on YSGs. The team found that NACCW significantly under‐reported data for training

activities at all the different sites. The findings from data verification exercise enabled the team to

update the M&E tracker for the different sites using the findings from the review process. However due

to limited time available for this process, some sites were not visited and some of the indicator data

could not be verified. The team was able to gather enough information from each partner to document

the level of accuracy of the data at the different sites, including the variance between reported data and

confirmed figures at each site. With the exception of the under‐reporting by NACCW, the data reported

by partners was fairly reliable for training activities.

At the end of the quarter, Save the Children carried out an assessment to determine the extent to which

the ES interventions implemented by the five IPs may have resulted in improved livelihood choices and

health behaviors among targeted vulnerable youth. The assessment aimed at documenting program

outcomes among vulnerable youth following their participation on the various training /skills building

activities. The design of the assessment was non‐experimental. The team gathered data from program

participants using qualitative methods including focus group discussions with youth and facilitators as

well as in‐depth interviews with program stakeholders such as staff, teachers and parents. Data were

collected from selected community-based partner sites including Kokstad, KZN (NACCW), Mtubatuba

and Hlabisa, KZN (NACOSA), Pietermaritzburg (CINDI), and Soweto, Gauteng (HIVSA). Future Families

was not included so as not to interfere with the ongoing RCT implementation. The analysis and findings

of the outcomes assessments will be finalized and shared in October 2017.

Forthcoming ES Resources

As the quarter concluded, ASPIRES SA finalized 18 manuals, handbooks and guides listed below, plus

success stories and 2-pagers including a project overview and descriptions of the four ES pillars. Access

to them will be provided via Microlinks once USAID Southern Africa OVC team has reviewed and

approved all of them during early FY2018 Q1.

ASPIRES SA Economic Strengthening Resources for Public Dissemination

Pillar / Area Document

Financial Capability

Impumelelo Mentor’s Guide

Impumelelo Master Trainer’s Guide

Abridged Impumelelo Mentor’s Guide

Impumelelo Participant’s Handbook

Youth Savings Group Champion’s Guide

Ithemba Mentor’s Guide

Ithemba Participant’s Handbook

Employability Employability Facilitator’s Guide

Employability Participant’s Handbook


Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Facilitator’s Guide

Entrepreneurship Participant’s Handbook

SATE

Ngena 1 Facilitator's Manual

Ngena 1 Participant's Manual

Ngena 2 Facilitator's Manual

Ngena 2 Participant's Manual

Ngena Mentee Journal

M&E ASPIRES SA M&E Manual

ASPIRES SA M&E Guide

All Success Stories

2-pagers

HIV Prevention Education

TA from FHI 360 HIV prevention education team – focus on M&E

ASPIRES staff in North Carolina and Pretoria continued to gather previously missing data from Future

Families, NACOSA, NACCW, and CINDI. This included data from groups conducted by IPs during 2016 as

well as data from new groups conducted more recently, including pre- and post-tests and attendance

registers. HIVSA had stopped conducting Vhutshilo 2 groups under ASPIRES previously, so they were not

included in this exercise.

The team entered data into an Epi database and summarized/analyzed it in Excel. Late in September, the

team determined that there were serious issues with forms submitted by NACCW’s partners, raising

concerns about the veracity of the data. Therefore, NACCW’s data was omitted from the analysis. This

matter will be fully investigated during the first half of October – including a review of the quality of the

economic strengthening M&E data received by our partner Save the Children – and findings will be shared

with NACCW and the South Africa mission by the end of October.

Where the team received complete information on participant groups, they prepared a simple

summary/analysis of their data from early Vhutshilo 2 groups, recent groups and all their groups

combined, and shared it with Future Families, NACOSA and CINDI.

The table below provides a high-level overview of the analysis results from groups included in the

April 2017 report, labeled “Old” and groups conducted more recently, labeled “New” (exception HIVSA

includes only “Old” groups because they stopped conducting Vhutshilo 2 activities under ASPIRES). The

items labeled “All” combine the information from both the “Old” and “New” groups. The “Old” and “New”

data are presented separately to aid in identifying trends that may be occurring over time.


Number of groups with complete data*

Number of girls

registered

Number of boys

registered

Percent of participants completing

the course**

Percent Original Sessions

Attended (average)

Average of pre-test

scores for all groups

Average of post-test scores for all groups

Future Families

All: 38 (3) 327 232 90 88 49 69

New: 7 52 40 94 91 52 69

Old: 31 (3) 275 192 89 87 49 69

HIVSA

11 (2) 117 66 74 88 50 59

NACOSA

All: 15 (3) 223 140 80 84 49 51

New: 7 102 68 86 89 47 49

Old: 8 (3) 121 72 75 80 52 52

CINDI

All: 19 213 116 85 88 56 68

New: 10 113 68 91 94 57 64

Old: 9 (0) 100 48 78 81 56 73

GRAND TOTAL

83 880 554 85 87 51 64

* The numbers in (parens) are additional groups that were conducted but for which complete data was not available. ** Completing course = attended 14 of 16 Vhutshilo 2 (2016) sessions or 13 of 15 Vhutshilo 2.2 sessions.

As mentioned in previous reports, the primary purpose of the ASPIRES’ M&E activities was to gather

information that could be used to improve the curriculum (improvements were incorporated in the

2016 edition) and to assist IPs with their implementation of the program when possible. While ASPIRES

provided some technical assistance (which included observation/mentoring at Vhutshilo 2 sessions), it

was not possible to systematically measure the fidelity with which IPs implemented the program or how

facilitators conducted the sessions—including the administration of the pre-/post-tests. Although pre-

/post-test item data was captured, it was not possible to conduct the additional analysis required to

validate the individual test items and the overall test. As such, the pre-/post-test should not be used as

the sole indicator to measure changes resulting from exposure to the Vhutshilo 2 program.

It is also important to note that the Vhutshilo 2 curriculum includes a range of learning objectives

around psycho-social and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) topics, most of which are

skills/performance-based. Achievement of these types of objectives cannot be measured with a

knowledge test. The small subset of SRH knowledge measured by the post-test cannot be used as a

proxy to measure change in participant skills or behaviors. With the exception of participants in the


Future Families’ groups who were evaluated as part of the randomized controlled trial, no other formal

observations or measurements of skill development among participants was conducted.

As part of ASPIRES’ technical assistance, the team shared and discussed M&E results with each IP to

encourage more use of data for decision-making around program implementation. Throughout the

implementation period, the team continued to work with the IPs to improve compliance with data

collection and submission and to encourage use of these tools—supervisor observation forms, the

facilitator self-reflection form and the session planning forms—to capture information that can be used

to improve implementation.

At the time of this analysis, IPs are finishing some ASPIRES Vhutshilo groups; however, this is the final

analysis and summary report of Vhutshilo 2 M&E data.

RCT: Integrating Economic Strengthening and HIV Prevention Programs for

Vulnerable Youth

The local data collection partner, Foundation for Professional Development (FPD), completed endline 1

data collection in August 2017. Eighty-nine percent of enrolled participants were retained at Endline 1.

FPD began Endline 2 data collection in September, and will continue through May 2018. The study team

continued to collaborate with Future Families to collect intervention tracking and cost estimation data.

The study team is currently in the process of finalizing the baseline report for the study and expects to

deliver it to USAID in FY2018 Q1.

Synergy Study

In FY2017 Q4, FHI 360 updated the qualitative data collection tool to reflect findings from the third round of data collection. A fourth IRB amendment was submitted and approved to reflect changes to the interview guide. CC&DW facilitated the fourth and final round of data collection in August 2017. In FY2018 Q1, FHI 360 will undertake all qualitative and quantitative data analysis for all time points to prepare for a local dissemination meeting in January 2018.

Tanzania

Economic Strengthening Technical Assistance for the PEPFAR Tanzania

HIV/AIDS Community Care Portfolio (TZ ESTA)

ASPIRES is providing technical assistance to the National Council of People Living with HIV and AIDS

(NACOPHA), a membership organization for PLHIV that is currently implementing the USAID-funded

Sauti Yetu program. ASPIRES is working with NACOPHA to improve its M&E system, implement a survey

to assess members’ economic vulnerability, and undertake a nationwide data collection activity to

gather demographic information on NACOPHA member households in order to provide information on


index clients who can be reached with HIV-related services. ASPIRES will also work with NACOPHA’s

existing network of savings groups to improve implementation quality and promote expansion.

In Q4, ASPIRES completed analysis of the vulnerability survey conducted in the previous quarter. The

purpose of the survey was to determine whether NACOPHA is reaching vulnerable households and

whether those households are utilizing economic, HIV-related, and other social services. A draft of a

final report on the assessment was submitted to USAID by the end of Q4, and it will be finalized next

quarter. To further build NACOPHA’s M&E capacity, ASPIRES is planning to conduct a 4-day training on

survey data collection and analysis to assist NACOPHA in developing a plan for another round of data

collection for the vulnerability survey. This training is planned for FY18Q2.

This quarter, ASPIRES also finalized the final report on an assessment of NACOPHA’s M&E system that

was conducted in the previous quarter. Based on the results of this assessment, ASPIRES will provide

technical assistance to NACOPHA to upgrade its MIS and digitize its M&E processes. This activity is

expected to begin in FY18Q1.

Also during the quarter, in response to a Tanzania mission request, ASPIRES offered to provide critical

input to Pact for an assessment of potential markets for caregivers participating in the new Kizazi Kipya

project for OVC households. The Kizazi Kipya team accepted our offer and a first consultation is

scheduled for October 16th. ASPIRES anticipates a very limited advising role, as Pact has substantial

capacity in this area.

Towards the end of Q4, USAID informed ASPIRES to expect an additional obligation in the amount of

$900,000 early in FY2018 Q1, to be applied through the remaining span of the ASPIRES project. The

Tanzania mission has indicated that ASPIRES should use a significant portion of this additional funding to

provide TA to TASAF (the Tanzanian Social Assistance Fund). To prepare for that activity, ASPIRES

contacted the TASAF staff member that the mission indicated is our counterpart several times to

arrange a call to discuss the needed TA, however while the staff member acknowledged the request, no

appointment had been scheduled by the end of the reporting period. The Tanzania mission also agreed

that another significant amount of the additional funding could be used to implement the

abovementioned digitalization proposal and further the savings group improvement and expansion plan.

During early Q1, we will prepare the TOR for both these activities, and will issue them once the

obligation is confirmed.

During FY2018 Q1, based on expected planning discussions with TASAF and NACOPHA, ASPIRES will

revise our workplan and budget for this activity, in consultation with the mission.


VI. Activities Supported by DCOF Funds

ES & Family Reintegration and Prevention of Family-Child Separation

ASPIRES’s DCOF-funded Family Care work is intended to develop evidence and programming guidance

for matching contextually appropriate economic interventions with specifically targeted households to

reintegrate separated children into families and prevent unnecessary separation of children from their

families. In FY2017 Q4, as in previous quarters, the two ASPIRES Family Care Uganda-based learning

projects, Family Resilience (FARE) and Economic Strengthening to Keep and Reintegrate Children into

Families (ESFAM) continued to implement activities with project participant families. Both projects

continued efforts to ensure that all project participant families have up-to-date family development

plans/household development plans and that services are reaching geographically scattered families

reintegrating children. Both projects submitted cleaned data to ASPIRES. Mixed-methods data collection

partner Rakai Health Sciences Program (RHSP) conducted at-risk phase 3/reintegration phase 2 data

collection.

FARE

The FARE project is led by AVSI Foundation and implemented in Kampala Capital City and Wakiso District

by consortium partner Retrak and local organizations Companionship of Works Association (COWA) and

Fruits of Charity Foundation (FCF). It aims to prevent family-child separation in 350 at-risk families,

identified in FY2016, in nine target parishes and to reunify and assist reintegration into family of 268

children (reduced from the original target of 300 children) identified through three Retrak centers for

street-connected children, one FCF center and the Naguru Remand Home. FARE has provided pre-

reunification support to children in these centers since FY2016 Q2. Thirteen staff social workers, four

staff reunification officers (hired in FY2017 Q2) and six stipended community-based trainers (CBTs)

implement program activities with reintegrating and at-risk-of-separation beneficiaries, supported by

project management and technical staff. They have also served as M&E data collectors for the project.

During the quarter, FARE reviewed and cleaned its baseline data and the midline data it had collected to

date and submitted it to FHI 360 for review. It also assessed the extent to which families were still active

in the project or had become inactive. During Q3 and Q4, FARE had collected midline data from 306

families at risk of separation. FARE has been collecting midline data from reintegrating families based on

their date of reunification and their availability; by the end of Q4, it had collected midline data from 69

reintegrating families. Not all of the families from whom midline data were collected are still active in

the project as of the end of Q4 and data collectors have not been able to collect midline data from all

families that are still considered active.

FARE support to families reintegrating children or at high risk of child separation is organized under

three project intermediate results: one addressing center-based activities for separated children and

case management processes for both families reintegrating children and those at risk of separation, one

addressing economic strengthening support, and one addressing family strengthening support through


ongoing counseling and visits and group-based activities. Following its August 2017 decision to cease

enrolling separated children and their families in the project in order to focus more staff time on those

reintegrating families already enrolled, FARE completed its reunification activity in September. FARE

partners have committed to providing post-project support through other means to reunified families

that will not have received 12 months of support prior to the end of the project implementation period

in March so that they receive adequate monitoring and follow up.

During FY2017 Q3, FARE continued to contribute to food, shelter, health care, and protection support

for children in the Retrak and FCF centers and Naguru Remand Home and to provide care planning,

counseling, pre-reunification support and opportunities for life skills education, catch-up education and

recreation. It started to scale back support to the centers in September and will continue to scale down

support over the next few months. FARE traced and made pre-reunification visits to 22 families during

the reporting quarter, bringing the total number of families traced during the project to 287. It

conducted reconciliation dialogues in 28 families and reunified 24 children, bringing the number of

children reunified through the project to date to 268. The project created household development plans

(HDPs), through which program staff and beneficiary families identify project interventions appropriate

for the families and other actions families should take to improve their situations for 36 families

reintegrating children during the quarter. As of the end of the quarter, FARE had helped 219

reintegrating families create HDPs. A number of reintegrating families have become inactive in the

project, often because they have moved out of Kampala Capital City or Wakiso District, but sometimes

because they fear being stigmatized because of their association with the project (this is very common

to the category that is not destitute) or because they lack interest for other reasons. Of the 211

reintegrating families active in the project as of the end of Q4, 196 have HDPs.

As of the end of Q4, FARE had found that of the 350 targeted at-risk households, 320 were still active in

the project, and of these 314 had at least initial HDPs completed in FY2017 Q1. FARE reviewed at-risk

families’ progress against many of these HDPs in Q3, and worked with 191 at risk families to update

their plans in Q4. This process will continue in 2018 Q1. The project has found that HDPs have not been

regularly monitored and COWA, FCF and Retrak plan to increase home visits to meet the standard, hold

weekly meetings to review progress against HDPs, improve documentation of discussions and improve

monthly reporting to AVSI’s technical and M&E staff.

In July, FARE completed its cash transfer support (UGX 70,000, or about USD 19.25, per month for six

months) to the 80 families targeted with this intervention. Since then, FARE team members have made

monitoring visits to these families to document use of the transfers, provide guidance to families

interested in starting income generating activities, and discuss their economic plans. They have learned

that a number of families used their first few cash transfers to address outstanding obligations such

house rent, school fees arrears, and food for the family. Over time, some families began to identify

income generating activities in which to invest, including selling food, rearing animals, selling second

hand clothes, and providing hair salon/hair cutting services. Some of these families joined VSLA. FARE is

planning to engage in a more formal learning exercise through a survey of all cash transfer recipients in

November 2017.


FARE finished forming its final VSLA during the quarter, bringing the total number formed to the project

target of 29. These VSLA groups include 726 members, of which 290 are members of target households

and 436 are members of other households in their communities. Six groups completed their first saving

cycle during the quarter and started a second; FARE team members are encouraging project participants

near these groups, but not yet involved in VSLA, to join one of them. It plans to conduct training in

enterprise selection, planning and management (SPM) for members of the second cycle VSLA in the

coming quarters.

FARE had earlier planned to place 85 adolescents from at-risk families and an undetermined number

from families reintegrating adolescents in apprenticeships during the project, aiming originally to

complete this process by the end of July 2017, but revising its completion date to the end of October. As

of the end of Q4, it had placed 75 adolescents, 59 from at-risk families and 22 from reintegrating

adolescents, in apprenticeships in hair dressing, motor vehicle mechanics, motor cycle mechanics, shoe

making, welding bricklaying, carpentry, computer repair and other trades. Of these apprentices, six have

completed their training, eight have dropped out and 61 are still undergoing training. FARE hopes to

place an 25 additional reintegrating adolescents in apprenticeships in the first part of Q1 2018. It will

stop apprenticeship placements in Q1 2018 in order to ensure adequate time for monitoring, support

and completion.

In early FY 2018, FARE plans to launch a new activity it calls community skills to increase its economic

outreach to reintegrating families. It involves a two-to-three-day hands-on training provided by an

expert trainer experienced in the production of a particular marketable commodity. Participants are

then able to launch an income generating activity using the skill developed in the training.

FARE’s family strengthening support includes a number of interventions. These are intended to be

anchored by home visits (three per quarter to reintegrating families and one per quarter to at-risk

families) conducted by project social workers to monitor well-being of family members and

implementation of the HDP, identify counseling needs and learn about other family issues such as poor

parenting, low participation in project activities, poor health care seeking behavior, and poor hygiene

that might be addressed through other activities such as community dialogues and interactive learning

sessions with youth. FARE has been challenged to meet its standards for numbers of visits for both

groups of families; it visited 175 reintegrating families during the quarter, but made three visits to only

18 percent of them, and it visited only 262, or 82 percent, of its 318 active at-risk families. FARE staff are

working on improving planning to meet its targets and to utilize its those of its CBTs who are also

trainers in parenting skills and life skills, and who have been trained multiple times by the project, more

fully.

To date, FARE has formed 27 community-based life skills groups for adolescents; this includes 24 groups

formed during previous quarters and three, focused on school-going adolescents, during Q4. Project

social workers continue to feel these groups provide them with important interaction with and insight

about participants; they help them better understand young peoples’ behavior, character, development

and social issues and personal challenges that they may not otherwise express during home visits and

offers an opportunity to provide the needed support. The project formed ten parenting skills education


groups during the quarter, with total participation of 227 members of target families and other

community members, bringing the total number of groups formed to 32 of a planned 47 groups. FARE

exerted effort to include members of reintegrating families in these groups; 46 of 129 participants from

target households were from reintegrating families. Retrak conducted community dialogues on the

topics of improving communication with children, child neglect and hygiene and sanitation (which led

community members to mobilize for a community clean-up initiative) and FCF organized dialogues on

parental responsibility and child abuse. FARE continued to conduct recreational activities with children

and interactive learning sessions with adolescents; these sessions focused on personal hygiene, child

rights and responsibilities, HIV/AIDs, growth and development focusing on body changes, and conflict

management. During the sessions children raised a number of challenges they face, such as child labor,

mistreatment by step-parents, and economic circumstances that push them on the streets to fend for

themselves. All family strengthening activities will continue next quarter.

ESFAM

ChildFund implements ESFAM in Gulu, Kamuli and Luwero Districts, three of the 12 districts in which

ChildFund implements the DCOF-funded Deinstitutionalization of Orphans and Vulnerable Children in

Uganda (DOVCU) project. ESFAM aims to prevent family-child separation in 611 at-risk families in 10

target parishes; it identified these families in FY2016. It also seeks to assist in the reintegration in family

of 89 children that have been reunited by nine child care institutions without preparatory or follow-up

support. These reunified children and their families are located in 23 parishes in the three target

districts and also in Jinja District, which abuts Kamuli District and Nakaseke District, formerly a part of

Luwero District. ESFAM’s Kampala-based core team of Team Leader, Economic Strengthening Specialist

and Senior Social Worker support a team of three district-based staff social workers, 42 stipended

parasocial workers (PSWs) and 31 stipended economic strengthening facilitators (ESFs). Maintaining a

stable set of PSWs continues to be a challenge for the project and it needed to replace and train ten

PSWs during the quarter.

ESFAM shared its cleaned midline data with ASPIRES in Q4. In addition, it conducted a more detailed

exercise to understand project participation and dropout. ESFAM found that 601 of its 611 at-risk target

families were still active in the project, meaning that they were benefitting from home-based social and

business coaching at a minimum. Those classified as inactive had mostly moved out of the project’s

target area, and four in Gulu had decided they were not interested in the project. Eighty-six of the

targeted 89 reintegrating families were classified as active. Participation in project activities is described

in the sections below.

The project continued to implement its three household-level intervention packages with at-risk and

reunited families. Key tools to support these packages include Child Fund’s Case Management Tool,

adapted from ChildFund’s DOVCU project for ESFAM use, the ESFAM-developed Catalyzing Business

Skills financial literacy and business skills curriculum and the ESFAM-developed Follow-On Coaching to

Households: Para-Social Workers’ Guide.


During Q4 ESFAM PSWs and ESFs continued to make social and economic training and coaching support

visits to the 370 at-risk-of-separation and 34 reintegrating families by the project as destitute and

participating in Package 1, determining objectives for each visit based on a review of the family’s case

file to identify key issues for discussions with caregivers or children. They followed up on each family’s

improvement plan, assisted families to develop revised plans, reinforced financial management and

business skills and knowledge and reinforced knowledge and skills on child protection, parenting,

psychosocial support, and good practices in hygiene and sanitation at household level. Each family was

visited at least three times during the quarter; families assessed to be at a high level of social

vulnerability were visited at least three times a month. ESFs report observing uptake of financial literacy

concepts such as prioritization of children’s school-related needs in planning for the use of cash

transfers and increased involvement of more family members in financial planning and management.

The project completed the cash transfer process for 156 of the 404 families; this process should be

completed for all of the families by early November. ESFAM continued to support 16 VSLAs for this

group of project participants; members of 56 target households and 63 non-target households joined

existing ESFAM VSLAs during the quarter. ESFs continued to train these VSLA on business skills using the

Catalyzing Business Skills for Caregivers curriculum. Sixty-one percent of targeted destitute families have

started some kind of income-generating activity.

With the 155 families identified as struggling group 1 (not destitute, but still economically vulnerable,

receiving Package 2), ESFAM emphasized financial literacy training for the 10 at-risk and 20 reintegrating

families in this group that had not yet opened MSA, assisting five additional families to open accounts,

bringing the total number of families with MSAs to 130. Savings in these accounts range from UGX

10,000 in Gulu and Kamuli and UGX 40,000 in Luwero, to UGX 800,800 in Gulu, UGX 154,300 in Kamuli

and UGX 300,000 in Luwero. Some families were were not able to make substantial savings due to

economic hardships resulting from drought throughout their areas. PSWs and ESFs made two or three

social/economic coaching visits to all struggling 1 families during the quarter, with families at a high level

of social vulnerability visited more frequently; these visits were tailored to family circumstances, based

on ESF and PSW review of family plans, and have included helping families plan for and manage

household expenses, plan for education expenses, develop family economic plans and build knowledge

and skills on child wellbeing and protection, parenting, psychosocial wellbeing, and good practices in

hygiene and sanitation at household level. Some of the changes observed in the targeted households

include better financial planning, better utilization of household finances (in particular, increased

expenditure on children’s education), willingness to open up and share information on available

financial resources, and better relationships with PostBank Uganda.

With 137 families identified as struggling group 2 (struggling, but less economically vulnerable than the

other two groups, receiving Package 3), ESFAM continued to support ten VSLAs comprising members of

targeted families and other community members. No additional struggling 2 households joined existing

VSLA and membership remained at 76 members of 68 targeted at-risk and reintegrating families and

195 members of other households in the community. Although only about half of the targeted

households agreed to participate in VSLA, those who do participate report increased knowledge and

skills in financial management and increased ability to save and they make investments in various


income generating activities. They also report increased ability to make rational consumption and

expenditure decisions and distinguish between family needs and wants. Members of most VLSA report

benefits related to peer learning, mutual support and cohesion among group members. ESFs concluded

the remaining modules of business skills training for all the VLSAs during the quarter, placing emphasis

on modules that focus on business management including value addition, expanding business

opportunities, making wise decisions, and learning from customers. Group-based follow-up coaching

using the Follow-On Coaching to Households: Para-Social Worker’s Guide has reinforced business skills

training and also integrated sessions on issues related to child protection, responsive care, parenting

and psycho social support. ESFs and PSWs made social/economic coaching visits to all 137 struggling 2

families; providing social support coaching similar to that provided to other groups as well as coaching

emphasizing participation in and benefits of belonging to community based financing programs. For

those households that decline to participate in VSLA, home-based economic coaching has served as the

main economic strengthening intervention.

ESFs and PSWs also continued to support 15 children savings groups and 11 youth savings groups during

Q4. These groups include 178 children from targeted at-risk families, 17 children from reunifying

families and 206 other children from project communities. ESFs concluded financial literacy training for

all the CYSGs during the quarter; these training sessions are intended to build capacity in financial

literacy and business skills aspects early in life to support their financial resilience in future. Topics

during the quarter included safe ways of making money, managing business emergencies, planning for

business and adding value to a product. Project staff have observed that participants show increased

interest and participation in group activities, increased ability to make business decisions, improved

leadership abilities and increased understanding of good work ethics, distinctions between needs and

wants in relation to financial planning, business/investment opportunities in their communities and

awareness about the importance of saving for future investments.

Evaluation Research

ASPIRES’ impact evaluation research plan for FARE and ESFAM includes three strands encompassing

both projects. The quantitative assessment will use FARE and ESFAM monitoring and evaluation data,

collected at baseline (July/August 2016), midpoint (May 2017) and endline (January/February 2018). The

mixed-methods research, carried out by RHSP, involves serial interviews with a caregiver in each of 80

households and with an index child from the same household conducted at baseline, midpoint(s) and

endline. ASPIRES also plans to conduct an analysis of project costs using expenditure data provided by

FARE and ESFAM each quarter.

In FY2017 Q4, RHSP completed its second midpoint (T2) interviews with families at risk of separation

and initial midline (T1) interviews with families reunifying children. During this period, FHI 360 continued

analysis of FARE and ESFAM quantitative baseline data and continued to coordinate with FARE and

ESFAM to receive costing data. FARE and ESFAM provided midline data to FHI 360 during this quarter.

FHI 360 also continued analysis of the RHSP-collected qualitative data. Two interns from Duke Global

Health Institute joined the Family Care team and began working to create case summaries for each

household in the qualitative sample to highlight the key findings from across the waves of qualitative


data collection. These case summaries will provide the foundation, in the next quarter, for the

development of a thematic codebook and creation household-specific questions for the endline

interviews. Also in the next quarter, FHI 360 will complete descriptive quantitative baseline data reports

for both FARE and ESFAM and will continue to perform data management activities related to the FARE

and ESFAM midline data and run preliminary descriptive analyses FHI 360 will continue coding and

analysis of the RHSP-collected midline data.

Other Knowledge Development Activities

Team member Whitney Moret submitted a journal article discussing three ASPIRES efforts, including

ASPIRES Family Care, to develop tools to assess and classify households by level of economic

vulnerability to Global Health: Science and Practice.

VII. Success Stories

Setting Goals and Pursuing Ambitions in South Africa

Three young people, Thabo, Palesa, and Molef participated in youth clubs organized by local

organization Eteleng Pele, an affiliate of HIVSA, in Sebokeng, just outside of Johannesburg. According to

fifteen-year-old Molef who completed the ASPIRES SA program in 2015-16, “I was mind-blown when I

got into it. They taught us about different things that I didn't expect they would teach. They taught us

about how to use a condom…you know, stuff that you cannot discuss with your parents. But with them

you were able to come forward and talk about your problems.”

“And they taught us how to control yourself, to have an ambition,” Molef continued. Teaching young

people how to save money is one means of reinforcing that self-control and future orientation. “They

taught us not to spend our money but to dream of our goals and to use that money if our parents

cannot afford to pay our goals...instead of spending it unwisely and afterwards regretting it.”

The ASPIRES SA financial capability module, Impumelelo (“success” in Zulu), teaches the principles of

personal financial management and brings them to life by organizing youth savings groups. Some

participants, like Molef, used their savings to fulfill personal goals.

“Before we saved we would look for a goal, for the reason why we are saving…my reason was to buy a

pair of sneakers,” he said, showing off his smart red high-tops. “It took me five months.” Other youth,

like fifteen-year-old Thabo, used their savings to help out other group members. “Some of our

members, they lost their loved ones,” he recalled. "Some maybe they don't have bread – we gave them

bread, because at the end of the day they must eat, you know?” Helping members in need ended up

consuming all the group’s savings – but Thabo didn’t mind. “It made me [feel] like I was a hero, you

know? Like someone who is helping people. I want to be a doctor, to help people like me.”

ASPIRES SA also helped Thabo plan how to reach that personal goal. “I know I wanted to become a

doctor but I didn't know what studies I [should] take, what university I must go to. Now, when I come


here, they give me advice - what university I must go to, what I must study, what subjects I must focus

on. I will choose in Grade 10.”

Thabo’s groupmate, 15-year-old Palesa, shares his ambitious goals. “I want to pass my matric with seven

distinctions and I’d like to be in Oxford University,” she said. “Our facilitators told us that if we want to

achieve our goals we should set them first…Financial Capability taught me to be independent and to set

my goals straight.”

Beyond saving or understanding how to pursue further studies, Palesa described a more fundamental

change that she has experienced since going through ASPIRES. “You know, sometimes you don't have

that confidence that you can do things. You can say that, 'No, I am shy, I can't do this," you know? Being

in this group helped me to be more confident. So I can say that, 'I can do things.'”

Building Parenting and Business Capabilities in ESFAM

Rose (not her real name), who lives in Bungatira Subcounty in Gulu District, has been the sole provider

for her five children aged six to 16 since her husband’s death five years ago. Although Rose tried

different businesses and worked hard, she was hard-pressed to support her children and pay for their

education. Rose’s older daughters, now 16 and 14, dropped out of school in 2014 and started working as

nannies in Gulu town to help with the family’s income. The third child, Tom, was taken at the age of ten

to the St. Jude child care institution in Gulu Minicipality in search of education. Tom, now 13, returned

to the family in July 2016, following the directive from Uganda’s Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social

Development to all districts and CCIs to reintegrate children into family care. Both Rose and Tom

received counseling from the Saint Jude social workers prior to Tom’s return home. In September 2016,

ESFAM learned about Rose and her family while tracing children who had returned home from CCIs and

enrolled her in the project in October 2016.

Following an ESFAM vulnerability assessment in November 2016, Rose’s household was classified as

destitute. Rose benefited from the ESFAM social and economic support package, starting in February

2017 with home-based financial literacy training and social support. Between March and September

2017 Rose received four rounds of cash transfers that totalled UGX 350,000 UGX (about USD 103). She

joined a VSLA group in May 2017, participating in all the weekly meetings and growing her savings to

reach UGX 420,000. In June 2017, she received a reunification package from the ESFAM project that

included food supplies, a mattress, blankets, bedsheets and cleaning detergents, intended to support

the family while helping Tom settle back into family care. In addition, the ESFAM economic

strengthening facilitator (ESF) and Para Social Worker (PSW) in her area have been suppporting her with

both home-based business coaching and social support, which included training and coaching in

parenting skills, child protection and psychosocial support. Rose acknowledges the impact the parenting

skills had on her as follows:

“…I did not know that one can use training to be a good parent. I have learnt so much from the

trainings, especially on parenting. I am now confident and free to communicate with and guide my

children on any matter. I am very sensitive to their needs and feelings. [I didn’t know the importance of

all these] until I received training on how to be a better parent. I now know how to engage my children


in produtive conversation. I am also very proud that we plan together…it is very exicting. Our family had

benefitted a lot.”

Prior to enrolling for ESFAM’s support, Rose had a little stall in Gulu’s market, where she sold only two

items, posho and silver fish. She used some of her cash transfers to expand her business with more

stock items, adding two varieties of beans, rice, millet, peas and dry fish. Rose proudly attributes the

expansion of her family business to ESFAM support:

“I can’t believe this market stall and all the products here are mine! From the ESFAM training, I learnt to

diversify my products, which has increased my profit margin five-fold since August 2017. I have learnt to

keep my business records, which has helped me to keep track of my finances, guarding agaist wastage.

What excites me most is that Tom, who joined a children saving group, understands these business

principles too. From time to time, we sit and compare notes. He is so keen on savings and other group

activities and I strongly encourage him to save. My family will never be the same again!”

Rose credits her ESFAM participation for

her ability to provide her family three meals

a day, make timely payment of school fees

for all the three younger children, cover

small medical expenses for her children and

herself, and for the fact that Tom is

empowered, both socially and

economically, and living a very happy life

now. Rose has plans to bring her daughters,

still working as nannies in Gulu, back home

and support them to join vocational

training early next year. She also

appreciates the contribution of her

participation in a VSLA for her feeling of

empowerment both socially and

emotionally. She acknowledged that the

business coaching session on managing

setbacks enabled her to cope with her stress and to be resilient in adverse situations. “I am a better

mentor to my children,” she said.

VIII. Best Practices and Opportunities for Scale-Up

Developing and Sharing Economic Strengthening Training Materials

At the end of FY2017, ASPIRES completed its program of economic strengthening technical assistance to

South African USAID implementing partners working with vulnerable youth. Save the Children provided

capacity building to the IPs in ES so that they in turn could help vulnerable adolescents attain economic

knowledge and skills. The activity was designed on the theory that increased economic capabilities will

Rose seated beside her business items in Gulu Market


help youth avoid activities that increase their risk of exposure to HIV (e.g., transactional sex, age-

disparate sex, gender-based violence, and making, distributing or using drugs).

Save the Children grounded its TA program with an examination of the main knowledge and skills gaps

that both evidence and common understanding indicate are likely to enhance HIV risk. This led them to

center their approach on four areas: financial capabilities, employability skills, entrepreneurial skills, and

accessing tertiary education. Save developed or adapted training materials for South African youth and

piloted and refined them. Trainings continued to be refined in an iterative process throughout project

rollout. The full suite of training materials are currently undergoing final formatting and will be made

accessible to the public in FY2018. They will be immediately applicable in other South African

organizations, and can be adapted for use in other contexts (as has already been done with the financial

capabilities training module, which was adapted for use in Kenya under ASPIRES’ DREAMS TA to partners

there). Through this “shareout” of the training materials we hope to support the scale-up of lessons

learned within and beyond the borders of South Africa.

IX. Challenges/Proposed Solutions

As noted briefly in the section on South Africa, ASPIRES encountered significant issues with M&E data

submitted by NACCW partners. The temporary solution to this problem is to omit NACCW data from the

Vhutshilo activities while FHI 360 presents its findings to NACCW. We will also advise Save the Children

to examine their data from NACCW under the ES activities. FHI 360 will prepare and deliver a full report

on the issues to USAID in October 2017. Given the nature and scope of the data anomalies and time and

budget constraints due to the reduction in the ASPIRES South Africa budget, we do not anticipate that

ASPIRES will have any role in resolving the data issue. Any future reporting and resolution will need to

take place between NACCW and USAID/South Africa.

X. Upcoming Project Milestones and Products

Project Milestones Expected Completion Date

Abstract review and article selection for the ASPIRES-led

supplemental issue of AIDS Care

October 2018

ASPIRES delivers panel and workshops at the 2017 AIDSImpact

conference in Cape Town, South Africa

November 2018

Mozambique SCIP final report submitted and manuscript

preparation started

FY18 Q1

Revised SG+ manuscript submitted to Journal of Development

Effectiveness for peer review

FY18 Q1

Finalization of Mozambique Savings Group Research study design FY18 Q1


Project Milestones Expected Completion Date

Synergy Study qualitative and quantitative data analysis FY18 Q1

Approved concept for Savings Group Research for OVC Outcomes

activity

FY18 Q1

Report on key informant interviews on OVC Graduation FY18 Q1

Success story from Family Care project published on FHI 360 blog FY18 Q1

Product Current Status Delivery to USAID

Microinsurance evidence base

paper

Reviewed by USAID. FHI

360 finalizing

FY18 Q1

Microinsurance Guidance brief #1 Reviewed by USAID. FHI

360 finalizing

FY18 Q1


360 finalizing

FY18 Q1


360 finalizing

FY18 Q1


360 finalizing

FY18 Q1

Microinsurance final report ASPIRES revising FY18 Q1

Community MF technical guidance

paper

Submitted to FHI 360. FHI

360 revising

FY18 Q1

Community MF guidance brief on

bundled services (Joint brief with

the Institutional MF TGS)


360 finalizing for

publication on MicroLinks

FY18 Q1

Community MF brief on SGs for

OVC


360 finalizing for

publication on Microlinks

FY18 Q1

Institutional MF evidence review Submitted to FHI 360. FHI

360 revising

FY18 Q1



Institutional MF technical note:

Targeting strategies

Submitted to FHI 360 FY18 Q1

Institutional MF: Blog Post #1: How

to effectively reach youth with

formal financial services

Reviewed by ASPIRES &

USAID and revised by SEEP

FY18 Q1

Institutional MF: Blog Post #2:

Protecting Clients from Savings

Deterioration

Reviewed by ASPIRES FY18 Q1

Institutional MF: Blog Post #3:

Gender sensitive savings products

Reviewed by ASPIRES FY18 Q1

Leveraging CT: State of the

Evidence Review

Revised draft submitted to

FHI 360. FHI 360 reviewing

prior to external review

FY18 Q1

Leveraging CT: Microsimulation

output and analysis



prior to external review

FY18 Q1

Leveraging CT: Costing technical

brief



FY18 Q1

Leveraging CT: SAIL Costing brief

(case study)



FY18 Q1

Leveraging CT: Policy Note on

microsimulation



FY18 Q1

Cash Plus Care: State of Practice

report, “Synergies between Cash

and Care Interventions”

FHI 360 reviewed and

returned to EPRI for

revision

FY18 Q1

Cash Plus Care Gap Analysis Report FHI 360 reviewed and

returned to EPRI for

revisions

FH18 Q1

Cash Plus Care guidance document

on promising practices

Under development by

EPRI

FY18 Q1



Cash Plus Care policy brief Under development by

EPRI

FY18 Q1

Cash Plus Care screencast Under development by

EPRI

FY18 Q1

All manuals and other materials

associated with ES implementation

in South Africa submitted to USAID

Being finalized by Save the

Children

FY18 Q1

South Africa ES success stories Being finalized by Save the

Children

FY18 Q1

South Africa ES two-pagers Being finalized by Save the

Children

FY18 Q1

Quantitative baseline report from

South Africa RCT

Being finalized by FHI 360 FY18 Q1

Revised workplan and budget for

Tanzania activities

Awaiting obligation FY18 Q1

Products with USAID for approval

Product Submitted to USAID

Linking HES to HIV Outcomes Evidence Review January 12, 2017

Linking HES to HIV Outcomes Policy Brief January 12, 2017

PMTCT Literature Review Brief for Researchers January 23, 2017

PMTCT Guidance Brief for Implementers and Policymakers July 21, 2017

SG+ for OVC brief July 13, 2017

Mozambique CCP case study report August 23, 2017

Mozambique CCP brief #1 August 23, 2017

Mozambique CCP brief #2 August 23, 2017

HES Research Dialogues Methods Brief #1 September 5, 2017


Product Submitted to USAID




HES Research Dialogues Sourcebook on Research Methods September 5, 2017

HES Research Dialogues Evidence Brief #1 September 21, 2017




FC Curriculum Systematic Review September 21, 2017

accelerating strategies for practical innovation

Documents