ab02 common base npn transistor characteristics … · ab02 common base npn transistor...

AB02 Common Base NPN

Transistor Characteristics

Analog LabExperiment Board

Ver. 1.0

QUALITY POLICY

To be a Global Provider of Innovative and Affordable Electronic Equipments for Technology Training by enhancing Customer Satisfaction based on Research, Modern manufacturing techniques and continuous improvement in Quality of the products and Services with active participation of employees.

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94-101, Electronic Complex, Pardesipura INDORE-452010, India.Tel.: 91-731-2570301 Fax: 91-731-2555643Email: [email protected] Web: www.scientech.bz

mailto:[email protected]

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AB02

Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2

AB02

Common Base NPN Transistor CharacteristicsAB02

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of ContentsIntroduction..........................................................................................................................................4THEORY.............................................................................................................................................6EXPERIMENT....................................................................................................................................9DATASHEET....................................................................................................................................16WARRANTY....................................................................................................................................18LIST OF SERVICE CENTERS.........................................................................................................19List of Accessories.............................................................................................................................20


AB02

IntroductionAB02 is a compact, ready to use Transistor Characteristics experiment board. This is useful for students to plot different characteristics of NPN transistor in common base configuration and to understand various region of operation of PNP transistor. It can be used as stand alone unit with external DC power supply or can be used with SCIENTECH Analog Lab ST2612 which has built in DC power supply, AC power supply, function generator, modulation generator, continuity tester, toggle switches, and potentiometer.

List of Boards :

Model Name

AB01 Diode characteristics (Si, Zener, LED)AB03 Transistor characteristics (CB PNP)AB04 Transistor characteristics (CE NPN)AB05 Transistor characteristics (CE PNP)AB06 Transistor characteristics (CC NPN)AB07 Transistor characteristics (CC PNP)AB08 FET characteristicsAB09 Rectifier CircuitsAB10 Wheatstone BridgeAB11 Maxwell’s BridgeAB14 Darlington PairAB15 Common Emitter AmplifierAB16 Common Collector AmplifierAB17 Common Base AmplifierAB18 Cascode AmplifierAB19 RC-Coupled AmplifierAB20 Direct Coupled AmplifierAB21 Class a AmplifierAB22 Class B Amplifier (push pull emitter follower)AB23 Class C Tuned AmplifierAB25 Phase Locked Loop (FM Demodulator & Frequency Divider / Multiplier)AB28 Multivibrator ( Mono stable / Astable)AB29 F-V and V-F ConverterAB30 V-I and I-V ConverterAB31 Zener Voltage Regulator AB32 Transistor Series Voltage RegulatorAB33 Transistor Shunt Voltage RegulatorAB41 Differential Amplifier (Transistorized)AB42 Operational Amplifier (Inverting / Non-inverting / Differentiator)AB43 Operational Amplifier (Adder/Scalar)AB44 Operational Amplifier (Integrator/ Differentiator)AB45 Schmitt Trigger and ComparatorAB51 Active filters (Low Pass and High Pass)AB52 Active Band Pass Filter AB53 Notch Filter AB54 Tschebyscheff FilterAB56 Fiber Optic Analog LinkAB65 Phase Shift OscillatorAB66 Wien Bridge OscillatorsAB67 Colpitt OscillatorAB68 Hartley OscillatorAB80 RLC Series and RLC Parallel Resonance AB81 Kirchoff’s Laws (Kirchhoff’s Current Law & Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law)AB82 Thevenin’s and Maximum power Transfer TheoremAB83 Reciprocity and Superposition TheoremAB84 Tellegen’s TheoremAB85 Norton’s theoremAB88 Diode ClipperAB89 Diode Clampers


AB02

AB90 Two port network parameterAB91 Optical Transducer (Photovoltaic cell)AB92 Optical Transducer (Photoconductive cell/LDR)AB93 Optical Transducer (PhotoTransistor)AB96 Temperature Transducer (RTD & IC335)AB97 Temperature Transducer (Thermocouple)AB101 DSB Modulator and DemodulatorAB102 SSB Modulator and DemodulatorAB106 FM Modulator and Demodulator

………… and many more


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THEORYTransistor characteristics are the curves, which represent relationship between different dc currents and voltages of a transistor. These are helpful in studying the operation of a transistor when connected in a circuit. The three important characteristics of a transistor are:

1. Input characteristic.

2. Output characteristic.

3. Constant current transfer characteristic.

Input Characteristic :

In common base configuration, it is the curve plotted between the input current (IE) verses input voltage (VBE) for various constant values of output voltage (VCB).

The approximated plot for input characteristic is shown in Fig. 1. This characteristic reveal that for fixed value of output voltage VCB, as the base to emitter voltage increases, the emitter current increases in a manner that closely resembles the diode characteristics.

Fig. 1


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Output Characteristic :

This is the curve plotted between the output current IC verses output voltage VCB for various constant values of input current IE.

The output characteristic has three basic region of interest as indicated in fig.2 the active region, cutoff region and saturation region.

In active region the collector base junction is reverse biased while the base emitter junction if forward biased. This region is normally employed for linear (undistorted) amplifier.

In cutoff region the collector base junction and base emitter junction of the transistor both are reverse biased. In this region transistor acts as an OFF switch.

In saturation region the collector base junction and base emitter junction of the transistor both are forward biased. In this region transistor acts as an ON switch.

Fig. 2


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Constant current transfer Characteristic :

This is the curve plotted between output collector current IC verses input emitter current IE for constant value of output voltage VCB.

The approximated plot for this characteristic is shown in Fig 3.

Fig. 3


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EXPERIMENTObjective :

To study the characteristics of NPN transistor in common base configuration and to evaluate 1. Input resistance2. Output resistance3. Current gain

Apparatus required :

1. Analog board of AB02.

2. DC power supplies +12V, -5V from external source or ST2612 Analog Lab.

3. Digital Multimeter (3 numbers).

4. 2 mm patch cords.

Circuit diagram :

Circuit used to plot different characteristics of transistor is shown in Fig 4.

Fig. 4


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Procedure :

• Connect -5V and +12V dc power supplies at their indicated position from external source or ST2612 Analog Lab.

• To plot input characteristics proceed as follows :

1. Rotate both the potentiometer P1 and P2 fully in CCW (counter clockwise direction).

2. Connect Ammeter between test point 2 and 3 to measure input emitter current IE(mA).

3. Short or connect a 2mm patch cord between test point 4 and 5

4. Connect one voltmeter between test point 1 and ground to measure input voltage VBE other voltmeter between test point 6 and ground to measure output voltage VCB.

5. Switch ON the power supply.

6. Vary potentiometer P2 and set a value of output voltage VCB at some constant value (1V, 2V…)

7. Vary the potentiometer P1 so as to increase the value of input voltage VBE from zero to 0.9V in step and measure the corresponding values of input current IE for different constant value of output voltage VCB in an observation Table 1.

8. Rotate potentiometer P1 fully in CCW direction.

9. Repeat the procedure from step 6 for different sets of output voltage VCB.

10. Plot a curve between input voltage VBE and input current IE as shown in Fig 1 using suitable scale with the help of observation Table l. This curve is the required input characteristic.


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Observation Table 1 :

S.no.

Input

voltage

VBE

Input current IE(mA) at constant value of

output voltage

VCB = 1V VCB = 3V VCB =5V

1. 0.0V

2. 0.1V

3. 0.2V

4. 0.3V

5. 0.4V

6. 0.5V

7. 0.6V

8. 0.7V

9. 0.8V

10. 0.9V

• To plot output characteristics proceed as follows:

1. Switch OFF the power supply.

2. Rotate both the potentiometer P1 and P2 fully in CCW (counterclockwise direction).

3. Connect voltmeter between test point 6 and ground to measure output voltage VCB.

4. Connect one Ammeter between test point 2 and 3 to measure input current IE(mA) and other Ammeter between test point 4 and 5 to measure output current IC(mA).


6. Vary potentiometer P1 and set a value of input current IE at some constant value (0mA, 1mA...)

7. Vary the potentiometer P2 so as to increase the value of output voltage VCB from zero to maximum value in step and measure the corresponding values of output current IC for different constant value of input current IE in an observation Table 2.

8. Rotate potentiometer P2 fully in CCW direction.

9. Repeat the procedure from step 6 for different sets of input current IE.

10. Plot a curve between output voltage VCB and output current IC as shown in Fig 2 using suitable scale with the help of observation Table 2. This curve is the required output characteristic.



AB02

S.no.

Input

voltage

VCB

Input current IC (mA) at constant value of

input voltage

IE = 0mA IE = 1mA IE = 2mA IE = 3mA IE = 4mA

1. -1.0V

2. 0.0V

3. 0.5V

4. 1.0V

5. 2.0V

6. 3.0V

7. 4.0V

8. 5.0V

9. 6.0V

10. 7.0V

• To plot constant current transfer characteristics proceed as follows:

1. Switch OFF the power supply.

2. Rotate both the potentiometer P1 and P2 fully in CCW (counter clockwise direction).

3. Connect voltmeter between test point 6 and ground to measure output voltage VCB.

4. Connect one Ammeter between test point 2 and 3 to measure input current IE (mA) and other Ammeter between test point 4 and 5 to measure output current IC (mA).


6. Vary potentiometer P2 and set a value of output voltage VCB at maximum value.

7. Vary the potentiometer P1 so as to increase the value of input current IE from zero to 10 mA in step and measure the corresponding values of output current IC in an observation Table 3.

8. Plot a curve between output current IC and input current IE as shown in Fig 3 using suitable scale with the help of observation Table 3. This curve is the required Transfer characteristic.



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S.no.Input

currentIE (mA)

Output current IC (mA) at constant output voltage

VCB = 10 V

1. 0.0 mA

2. 1.0 mA

3. 2.0 mA

4. 3.0 mA

5. 4.0 mA

6. 5.0 mA

7. 6.0 mA

8. 7.0 mA

9. 8.0 mA

10. 9.0 mA


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Calculations :

1. Input resistance: It is the ratio of change in the input voltage VBE to change in the input current IE at constant value of output voltage VCB or it is the reciprocal of the slope obtained from the input characteristic.

Mathematically

To calculate input resistance determine the slope from the input characteristic curve obtained from observation Table 1. Reciprocal of this slope will give the required input resistance.

2. Output resistance: It is the ratio of change in the output voltage VCB to change in the output current IC at constant value of input current IE or it is the reciprocal of the slope obtained from the output characteristic.

Mathematically

To calculate output resistance determine the slope from the output characteristic curve obtained from observation Table 2. Reciprocal of this slope will give the required output resistance.

3. Current gain: It is the ratio of change in the output current IC to change in the input current IE at constant value of output voltage VCB or it is the slope obtained from the constant current transfer characteristic. It is denoted by αac


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Mathematically

αac = Slope of constant current transfer characteristic = ∆IC

∆IE

To calculate current gain, determine the slope from the constant current transfer characteristic curve obtained from observation Table 3. This slope is the required current gain.

Results:

Input resistance Rin = ________________

Output resistance Rout = ________________

Current Gain αac = ________________


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DATASHEET


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WARRANTY1) We guarantee the instrument against all manufacturing defects during 24 months from the date of sale by us or

through our dealers.2) The guarantee covers manufacturing defects in respect of indigenous components and material limited to the

warranty extended to us by the original manufacturer, and defect will be rectified as far as lies within our control.

3) The guarantee will become INVALID.a) If the instrument is not operated as per instruction given in the instruction manual. b) If the agreed payment terms and other conditions of sale are not followed.c) If the customer resells the instrument to another party.d) Provided no attempt have been made to service and modify the instrument.

4) The non-working of the instrument is to be communicated to us immediately giving full details of the complaints and defects noticed specifically mentioning the type and sr. no. of the instrument, date of purchase etc.

5) The repair work will be carried out, provided the instrument is dispatched securely packed and insured with the railways. To and fro charges will be to the account of the customer.

DESPATCH PROCEDURE FOR SERVICE

Should it become necessary to send back the instrument to factory please observe the following procedure:

1) Before dispatching the instrument please write to us giving fully details of the fault noticed.2) After receipt of your letter our repairs dept. will advise you whether it is necessary to send the instrument back

to us for repairs or the adjustment is possible in your premises.

Dispatch the instrument (only on the receipt of our advice) securely packed in original packing duly insured and freight paid along with accessories and a copy of the details noticed to us at our factory address.


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LIST OF SERVICE CENTERS

1. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.90, Electronic Complex Ph : (0731) 2570301Pardesipura, Email : [email protected] INDORE – 452010

2. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.First Floor, C-19, Ph : (011) 22157370, 22157371F.I.E., Patparganj Industrial Area, Fax : (011) 22157369DELHI – 110092 Email : [email protected]

3. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.New no.2, Old no.10, 4th street Ph : (044) 42187548, 42187549

Venkateswara nagar, Adyar Fax : (044) 42187549CHENNAI – 600025 Email : [email protected]

4. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 202/19, 4th main street Ph : (080) 51285011 Ganganagar, Fax : (080) 51285022 BANGALORE- 560032 Email : [email protected]. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

8,1st floor, 123-Hariram Mansion, Ph : (022) 56299457 Dada Saheb Phalke road, Fax : (022) 24168767 Dadar (East), Email : [email protected] MUMBAI –400014 6. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 988, Sadashiv Peth, Ph : (020) 24461673 Gyan Prabodhini Lane, Fax : (020) 24482403 PUNE – 411030 Email : [email protected]. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd SPS Apartment, 1st Floor Ph : +913355266800 2, Ahmed Mamoji Street, Email : [email protected]

Behind Jaiswal Hospital, Liluah, HOWRAH-711204 W.B.8. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd Flat No. 205, 2nd Floor, Ph : (040) 55465643 Lakshminarayana Apartments Email : [email protected] ‘C’ wing, Street No. 17, Himaytnagar, HYDERABAD- 500029


AB02

List of Accessories

1. 2mm Patch cord (red) .............................................................2 Nos.

2. 2mm Patch cord (black) ..........................................................2 Nos.

3. 2mm Patch cord (blue) ...........................................................1 Nos.


ab02 common base npn transistor characteristics … · ab02 common base npn transistor...

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