a traffic safety summarytransportal.cee.wisc.edu/partners/community-maps/tsc... · 2018. 4. 27. ·...

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ANATOMY OF MILWAUKEE COUNTY: A TRAFFIC SAFETY SUMMARY

There were 307 fatal crashes in Milwaukee County from 2012 to 2016.

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THE PLACE

Section Summary Milwaukee County is the center of a metropolitan area that has a population of over 1.55 million persons. The principal routes are the Interstate highways, STH 36 south of I-41/43/894, and STH 145 north of I-43. Milwaukee County is the top county in the state for VMT (vehicle-miles traveled), the number of registered vehicles, urban population, percentage of the population that is urban, and percentage of the county’s area that is urban. Milwaukee County has the lowest numbers in the state for VMT per capita, miles of roadway per capita and per VMT, miles of state highways per capita and per VMT, miles of county highways per capita, and local roads per capita. It is among the top ten counties in the state for miles of roads, miles of state roads, miles of local roads, and urban area. It is among the bottom ten counties in the state for miles of county highways and registered vehicles per capita.

Urbanization

Milwaukee County is the center of the Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis metropolitan area, which is

adjacent to the neighboring Racine metropolitan area. 99.81% of the population of the county lives in

urban areas, and 92.90% of the land area of the county is urban.1 The eastern boundary of the county is

the eastern boundary of the state, which is in the center of Lake Michigan.

Road Network

Interstate 94 is designated as an east-west highway, carrying traffic west to and from Minneapolis-St.

Paul, Minnesota and points west via Brookfield, Waukesha, and Madison, through the county south of

Wauwatosa and north of West Allis, through Milwaukee and Oak Creek, and then south to and from

Chicago, Illinois and points east via Racine and Kenosha. At the Marquette Interchange, I-94 east turns to

the south and I-94 west turns to the west.

I-43 is designated as a north-south highway, carrying traffic southwest to and from Beloit via New Berlin,

Mukwonago, and Elkhorn. I-43 travels through Greenfield, Milwaukee, Glendale, and along the municipal

boundaries of River Hills, Bayside, and Fox Point. To the north, I-43 carries traffic to and from Green Bay

via Port Washington, Sheboygan, and Manitowoc. At the Mitchell Interchange, I-43 south turns west and

I-43 north turns north. I-43 connects Milwaukee with areas to the south and west of Wisconsin. I-43 is

concurrent with I-94 from the Marquette Interchange to the Mitchell Interchange.

I-41 is designated as a north-south highway, carrying traffic south to and from Kenosha via Racine,

through Oak Creek, Milwaukee, Greenfield, West Allis, and Wauwatosa, and then northwest toward

Green Bay via Germantown, Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, and Appleton. At the Mitchell Interchange, I-41 north

turns west and I-41 south turns south. At the Hale Interchange, I-41 north turns north and I-41 south

turns east. U.S. Highway (USH) 41 is concurrent with I-41.

I-794 is a spur that carries traffic east and then south of the Marquette Interchange, eventually becoming

State Trunk Highway (STH) 794, carrying traffic toward St. Francis and Cudahy along Lake Parkway and S

Pennsylvania Ave. I-894 travels from the Zoo Interchange to the Mitchell Interchange, and it is entirely

concurrent with I-41. I-894 is concurrent with I-43 from the Hale Interchange to the Mitchell Interchange.

1 United States Census Bureau. “Percent urban and rural in 2010 by state and county.” Accessed Sept. 29, 2017. https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/ua/urban-rural-2010.html

https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/ua/urban-rural-2010.html

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USH 18 begins in Milwaukee at E Michigan St and N Lincoln Memorial Dr. and heads west on multiple

roads through central Milwaukee before continuing into Wauwatosa. USH 18 carries local traffic west

toward Elm Grove, Brookfield, and Waukesha. STH 145 is a north-south primary arterial that travels from

northwest to southeast through the city of Milwaukee. It begins on N 6th St at USH 18 (Wells St) in central

Milwaukee and heads north for five blocks and then heads northwest on W Fond Du Lac Ave through the

city. It is a multilane divided highway with controlled access through northwestern portions of the city. To

the north, STH 145 travels to Menomonee Falls and Germantown.

STH 24 and STH 241 both begin at the junction of W Forest Home Ave and S 27th St in Milwaukee. STH 24

is an east-west highway that heads southwest from that junction along W Forest Home Ave to

Greenfield, Greendale, and Hales Corners, turning west along Janesville Rd to end at the county line. STH

241 heads south from its junction with STH 24 in Milwaukee along S 27th St to travel along the boundaries

of Greenfield, Franklin, and Oak Creek to end at I-41/94. STH 36 is W Loomis Rd, and it is designated as a

north-south highway. STH 36 begins at STH 241 in Milwaukee and heads southwest through Greenfield,

Greendale, and Franklin on its way to Muskego, Waterford, and Burlington. STH 36 is a primary arterial

south of I-43.

STH 32 enters the county from the north in a concurrency with I-43 north of W Brown Deer Rd between

River Hills and Bayside. It then travels on multiple roads along the Lake Michigan shoreline in Bayside, Fox

Point, Whitefish Bay, Shorewood, Milwaukee, Cudahy, South Milwaukee, and Oak Creek. STH 32 carries

local traffic south toward Racine. STH 100 goes around the west and south edges of the county along N

Lovers Lane Rd in Milwaukee, N Mayfair Rd in Wauwatosa, S 108th St in West Allis and Hales Corners, S

Lovers Lane Rd in Franklin, W St. Martin’s Rd in Franklin, and Ryan Rd in Franklin and Oak Creek. USH 45

is concurrent with I-41 north of the Hale Interchange, and it is concurrent with I-43 west of the Hale

Interchange to S 108th St. To the north, USH 45 carries traffic to and from West Bend via Jackson. USH 45

is concurrent with I-43 southwest of the Hale Interchange, and then it heads south through Hales Corners

to Franklin in a concurrency with STH 100 on S Lovers Lane Rd until the highways reach STH 36. In

Franklin, USH 45 then follows STH 36 along W Loomis Rd, after which it follows S 124th St and exits the

county toward Union Grove and Bristol.

Other highways on the state network include STH 38 (beginning on S 6th St at W National Ave, heading

south on S Chase Ave and S Howell Ave through Milwaukee and Oak Creek heading toward Racine), STH

57 (beginning as S Layton Blvd at W National Ave in Milwaukee heading north, turning east on W

Highland Ave, turning north on N 17th St, turning northwest on W Fond du Lac Ave, turning north on N

20th St, turning east on W Capitol Dr., and then turning on northwest onto N Green Bay Ave, going

through Milwaukee, Glendale, and Brown Deer, and then heading toward Mequon), STH 59 (W National

Ave in Milwaukee and West Milwaukee, turning onto W Greenfield Ave in West Allis, and then heading

toward New Berlin and Waukesha), STH 119 (the Airport Spur in Milwaukee from I-41/94 to Gen. Mitchell

International Airport), STH 175 (beginning on Miller Park Way at W National Ave in Milwaukee heading

north, turning northwest on W Lisbon Ave and then onto W Appleton Ave heading toward Menomonee

Falls), STH 181 (beginning on S 84th St at W Greenfield Ave in West Allis heading north, becoming

Glenview Ave in Wauwatosa, turning northwest onto Harwood Ave and then Harmonee Ave, turning

north onto N Wauwatosa Ave, and becoming N 76th St in Milwaukee heading toward Mequon), and STH

190 (Capitol Dr. in Shorewood, Milwaukee and Wauwatosa heading toward Brookfield).

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Miles of Roadway

There are 3,039 miles of public roads in Milwaukee County, of which 253 (8.3%) are state highways, 144

(4.7%) are county highways, 2,623 (86.3%) are local roads, and 29 miles are of another type.2

Vehicle Registrations, Vehicle Miles of Travel (VMT), and Traffic Patterns

In 2016, there were 310,843 autos, 27,172 cycles, 50,372 trailers, and 270,899 trucks registered in

Milwaukee County.3 Annual VMT in 2016 was 6,955,384,520.4 This VMT figure comprises about 10.9% of

the state VMT total, well below the percentage of state population included within Milwaukee County

(approximately 16.5%). This is likely a result of shorter commuter distances and greater use of active

transport and transit use in the more densely settled county as compared to the state. Although VMT

figures are low in a relative sense, Milwaukee County is the largest county in the state and anchors the

largest metropolitan region and so traffic volumes are high (in an absolute sense). Figure 1 shows VMT

levels on the State Trunk Network (STN), which includes interstate highways, US highways, and state

highways.

Traffic Volume

As can be seen in Figure 1, traffic volumes in Milwaukee County are highest in the central portion of the

county, specifically at highways bounded by the Hale Interchange on the southwest, the Mitchell

Interchange on the southeast, the Zoo Interchange on the northwest, and the Marquette Interchange on

the northeast next to Downtown Milwaukee.

US Highway 41 north of the Milwaukee County Zoo and Interstate 94 south of this central loop are other

areas of high traffic volume and congestion. As indicated on the map below, the highway section with the

highest traffic volume is Interstate 94 south of its intersection with HW 43/Interstate 894. This segment

carries nearly 170,000 cars daily vehicles and connects Milwaukee with its southern suburbs, as well as

with Racine, Kenosha, the North Shore region of Illinois, and eventually, Chicago.

2 Wisconsin Department of Transportation. “County Maps.” Accessed Sept. 29, 2017. http://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/travel/road/hwy-maps/county-maps/default.aspx 3 Wisconsin Department of Transportation. “Facts and Figures 2016, Vehicles Registered by County.” Accessed Nov. 6, 2017. http://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/about-wisdot/newsroom/statistics/factsfig/vehregcounty.pdf 4 Wisconsin Department of Transportation. “2016 Vehicles Miles of Travel (VMT) by County.” Accessed Nov. 6, 2017. http://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/projects/data-plan/veh-miles/vmt2016-c.pdf

http://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/travel/road/hwy-maps/county-maps/default.aspxhttp://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/travel/road/hwy-maps/county-maps/default.aspxhttp://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/about-wisdot/newsroom/statistics/factsfig/vehregcounty.pdfhttp://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/projects/data-plan/veh-miles/vmt2016-c.pdf

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FIGURE 1:

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Commuting Flows

As seen below in Figure 2, most workers residing in Milwaukee County also live there. Nonetheless,

Waukesha County workplaces also draw a significant percentage of Milwaukee County residents. Indeed,

as Figure 2 shows, slightly more individuals commute out of Milwaukee County to Waukesha County than

commute into Milwaukee County from Waukesha County.

FIGURE 2: COMMUTING FLOWS AMONG COUNTIES

Workers who Reside in Milwaukee County Work

in:

People who Work in Milwaukee County Reside in:

Milwaukee County 345,590 Milwaukee County 345,590

Waukesha County 58,389 Waukesha County 58,030

Ozaukee County 6,858 Racine County 14,626

Washington County 4,304 Ozaukee County 14,125

Racine County 4,232 Washington County 13,804

Kenosha County 1,603 Kenosha County 3,142

Cook County, IL 1,257 Walworth County 2,576

Dane County 751 Sheboygan County 1,542

Sheboygan County 680 Jefferson County 1,357

Lake County, IL 667 Dodge County 1,211

Walworth County 443 Lake County, IL 1,025

Dodge County 376 Dane County 881

Jefferson County 243 Cook County, IL 751

Winnebago County 241 Fond du Lac County 626

Brown County 192 Winnebago County 274

DuPage County, IL 167 Rock County 270

Others 2,814 Others 5,977 5

5United States Census Bureau. 2009-2013 5-Year American Community Survey Commuting Flows. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-

series/demo/commuting/commuting-flows.html Accessed Sept. 29, 2017.

https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/commuting/commuting-flows.htmlhttps://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/commuting/commuting-flows.html

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Figure 3 describes the 15 largest commuting flows two different municipalities in the Milwaukee area. This closer view reveals a broadly similar trend to the county flows seen in Figure 2; while most people who live in the city of Milwaukee also work there, the more suburban areas of the county attract relatively more workers than they “export.”

FIGURE 3: COMMUTING FLOWS BETWEEN MUNICIPALITIES (TOP 15)

Residence Place of Work Number

Milwaukee Wauwatosa 15,274

West Allis Milwaukee 9,274

Wauwatosa Milwaukee 8,437

Milwaukee West Allis 7,987

Oak Creek Milwaukee 6,610

Greenfield Milwaukee 6,546

Milwaukee Brookfield 6,053

Milwaukee Menomonee Falls 5,785

Milwaukee Glendale 5,474

Franklin Milwaukee 5,151

Milwaukee Waukesha 4,852

Milwaukee Greenfield 4,424

Waukesha Milwaukee (Milwaukee Co. portion) 4,240

New Berlin Milwaukee (Milwaukee Co. portion) 4,200

Milwaukee Oak Creek 4,074

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6 United States Census Bureau. 2009-2013 5-Year American Community Survey Commuting Flows. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/commuting/commuting-flows.html Accessed Oct. 5, 2017.

https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/commuting/commuting-flows.htmlhttps://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/commuting/commuting-flows.html

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THE POPULATION

The population of Milwaukee County—about 950,000 individuals—is distributed through 19 jurisdictions,

with the city of Milwaukee comprising slightly over 60% of the county’s population. Other large cities

include the cities of West Allis and Wauwatosa.

FIGURE 4: POPULATION OF MILWAUKEE COUNTY MUNICIPALITIES (2016)

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Population Trends

Between 2010 and 2016, the county’s population increased by about 1.0%. The average age of the

county is younger than that of the state (34.3 vs. 39 years), which is likely due at least partially to the

presence of a large university (UW-Milwaukee). Milwaukee County’s population pyramid is thus slightly

more “bottom-heavy” than the state.

7 United States Census Bureau. “Selected Economic Characteristics DP03, Employment Status.” 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_5YR_DP03&src=pt Accessed November 4th, 2017.

https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_5YR_DP03&src=pt

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FIGURE 5 8: POPULATION PYRAMIDS (MILWAUKEE COUNTY ABOVE AND STATE BELOW)

Generally, jurisdictions in the county are experiencing relatively flat population growth (Figure 6). Some

cities in the southern, far-northern, and far-western portion of the county have declined in population

while the City of Milwaukee and other centrally-located communities are experiencing modest

population growth. (In Figure 6, the measure of absolute population change merely shows the raw

population changes between 2010 and 2016, while the measure of “relative population change” weights

such absolute changes by the base population figures of 2010).9

8 United States Census Bureau. “Selected Economic Characteristics DP03, Employment Status.” 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_5YR_DP03&src=pt Accessed November 6th, 2017. 9 The highlighted jurisdiction in the image shows the two jurisdictions that are growing fastest and the two jurisdictions growing the slowest.


Village of Bayside, 0.2%Village of Brown Deer, 0.1%

City of Cudahy, -0.4%

Village of Fox Point, -0.1%

City ofFranklin, 1.9%

City of Glendale, -0.7%

Village ofGreendale, 1.2%

City of Greenfield, 0.4%

Village of Hales Corners, -0.2%City ofMilwaukee, 0%

C i t y of OakCreek , 4 .2%

Village of River Hills, -0.3%

City of St. Francis, 1.1%Village of Shorewood, 1.6%

CityofSou

thMilwa

ukee,-0.5%

Cityof

Wauwatosa

,3.3%

City of WestAllis, -0.5%

Village of West Milwaukee, -0.8%

Village of Whitefish Bay, -1%

4.

4

6.

62.

2

7.

7

8.

83.

3

5.

5

11.11

10.

10

1.

1 9.

9

FIGURE 6: ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE POPULATION CHANGES MILWAUKEE COUNTY MUNICIPALITIES (2010-2016)

Produced by E. Moorman, Bureau of Transportation Safety and the Division of State Patrol, Data from ESRI and the US Census Bureau, 20160 10 205 Miles

Relative Population Changes

Lowest

Highest

Absolute Population Changes

Lowest

Highest

Village of Bayside, 9Village of Brown Deer, 12

City ofCudahy, -67

Village of Fox Point, -10

Ci ty ofFrank l i n , 680

City of Glendale, -93

Village ofGreendale, 165

City of Greenfield, 138

Village of Hales Corners, -18

CityofMilwaukee, 214

C i ty of OakCreek, 1,430

Village ofRiver Hills, -5

City of St. Francis, 101Village of Shorewood, 206

City ofSou

thMilwa

uk ee,-104

C ity ofWauwatosa, 1,549

City of WestAllis, -324

Village of West Milwaukee, -32Village of Whitefish Bay, -138

1.

1

3.

3

2.

2

4.

4

8.

8

9.

9

6.

6

7.7

5.

5

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THE ECONOMY

Section Summary

The unemployment rate in Milwaukee County has been, on average, 1.2% higher than that of the state over the last decade. The proportion of the population that works in the educational services, health care, or social assistance industries is fairly large, while the manufacturing industry is fairly small, comparatively. The county has a smaller agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, or mining industry, comparatively.

FIGURE 7: EMPLOYMENT BY OCCUPATION (MILWAUKEE ON TOP AND THE STATE BELOW) 10

10 United States Census Bureau. “Selected Economic Characteristics DP03, Employment Status.” 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_5YR_DP03&src=pt Accessed September 29, 2017.

35.3%

20.1%

23.4%

5.9%15.3%

Management, business, science, andarts

Service

Sales and office

Natural resources, construction, andmaintenance

Production, transportation, andmaterial moving

34.5%

17.0%23.1%

8.5%

16.9%Management, business, science, andarts occupations

Service occupations

Sales and office occupations

Natural resources, construction, andmaintenance occupations

Production, transportation, andmaterial moving occupations


12

FIGURE 8: EMPLOYED POPULATION BY INDUSTRY (MILWAUKEE ON TOP AND STATE BELOW)

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11 United States Census Bureau. “Selected Economic Characteristics DP03, Employment Status.” 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_5YR_DP03&src=pt Accessed November 6th, 2017.

0.4%

3.6%

14.9%

2.5%

10.1%

4.6%

1.9%

6.9%

10.7%

26.7%

10.0%

4.4%

3.4%

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining

Construction

Manufacturing

Wholesale trade

Retail trade

Transportation and warehousing, and utilities

Information

Finance and insurance, and real estate

Professional, scientific, and management

Educational services, and health care and social assistance

Arts/recreation, accommodation, and food services

Other services, except public administration

Public administration

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

2.5%

5.3%

18.5%

2.7%

11.3%

4.3%

1.7%

6.1%

8.1%

23.3%

8.7%

4.2%

3.5%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining

Construction

Manufacturing

Wholesale trade

Retail trade

Transportation and warehousing, and utilities

Information

Finance and insurance, and real estate

Professional, scientific, and management

Educational services, and health care and social assistance

Arts/recreation, accommodation, and food services

Other services, except public administration

Public administration


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FIGURE 9: UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, MILWAUKEE COUNTY AND WI, 2007-2016

12

12 United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Local Area Unemployment Statistics. “Labor Force Data by County,” annual averages. https://www.bls.gov/lau/#tables Accessed Sept. 29, 2017.

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Milwaukee County 5.8% 5.7% 9.4% 10.0% 9.3% 8.6% 8.4% 6.9% 5.8% 5.1%

Wisconsin 4.9% 4.9% 8.6% 8.7% 7.8% 7.0% 6.7% 5.4% 4.6% 4.1%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

https://www.bls.gov/lau/#tables

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ALCOHOL RISK FACTORS

Section Summary

Seventy percent of licensees have liquor for sale for consumption on site. Sixty-three percent of licenses are in Milwaukee, 7.5% are in West Allis, 5.5% are in Wauwatosa, and 3.5% are in Oak Creek.

FIGURE 10: ALCOHOL BEVERAGE LICENSES BY JURISDICTION, MILWAUKEE COUNTY

AB or

AC AL or ALB BB or CW BL or BLB Others Total (By

Municipality)

Bayside 2 3 5

Brown Deer 4 14 18

Cudahy 1 5 1 36 43

Fox Point 3 6 9

Franklin 18 4 33 55

Glendale 4 7 18 1 30

Greendale 6 1 10 17

Greenfield 8 13 7 38 66

Hales Corners 1 4 5 15 25

Milwaukee 132 157 45 877 2 1,213

Oak Creek 3 23 9 33 68

River Hills 2 2

Shorewood 1 3 1 18 23

Saint Francis 4 1 19 24

South Milwaukee 12 2 32 46

Wauwatosa 1 19 14 70 2 106

West Allis 4 24 8 108 144

West Milwaukee 6 3 11 1 21

Whitefish Bay 1 2 1 5 1 10

Total (By Liq.

License) 152 309 109 1,348 7 1,925

13

14

13 Wisconsin Department of Revenue. Oct. 4, 2017. “WI Liquor Licenses 2017-18.” Establishments w/in a municipality but outside the county are not included in the table. 14 Wisconsin Department of Revenue. “Liquor License Report, Liquor License Codes.” https://www.revenue.wi.gov/Pages/OnlineServices/liqlicrpt.aspx. Accessed Oct. 25, 2017.

CODE DESCRIPTION

AB Beer for sale off site (convenience stores, grocery stores)

AC Cider for sale off site (convenience stores, grocery stores)

AL Liquor for sale off site (drug stores, wineries)

ALB Beer, wine, or liquor for sale off site

BB Beer for sale on site or off site

BL Liquor for sale on site (winery)

BLB Beer or liquor for sale on site (taverns, supper clubs)

CW Wine for sale on site (restaurants) (usually in conjunction with BB)

https://www.revenue.wi.gov/Pages/OnlineServices/liqlicrpt.aspx

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FIGURE 10.2: ALCOHOL LICENSES IN MILWAUKEE COUNTY BY JURISDICTION

FIGURE 11: ALCOHOL BEVERAGE LICENSES BY TYPE, 2017-2018 (MILWAUKEE COUNTY ON THE LEFT,

STATE ON THE RIGHT)

Bayside0.3%

Cudahy2.2% Franklin

2.9%Glendale

1.6%Greenfield

3.4%

Hales Corners1.3%

Milwaukee63.0%

Oak Creek3.5%

River Hills0.1%

Shorewood1.2%

Saint Francis1.2%

South Milwaukee2.4%

Wauwatosa5.5%

West Allis7.5%

West Milwaukee1.1%

Whitefish Bay0.5%

AB or AC8%

AL or ALB16%

BB or CW6%BL or BLB

70%

Others0%

AB or AC7%

AL or ALB18%

BB or CW11%BL or BLB

63%

Others1%

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HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE

Injury-to-Death Ratios

Injury-to-death ratios are computed by dividing the total number of crash injuries by the crash fatalities. Higher rates are positive in that fatalities comprise a smaller percentage of crash victims. In general, higher rates are found in the state’s urbanized southeastern and south-central regions and the Fox Valley, where crashes are more likely to occur in more developed areas (and thus at slower speeds). In rural areas, the converse is true (highways and county roads predominate, with crashes occurring at higher average speeds). Generally, rural areas also suffer from a relative lack of proximate hospitals and emergency response services, which means that some crashes which would be survivable in urban areas correspond to fatalities in more rural areas.

As can be seen in Figure 12, between 2012 and 2017, Milwaukee County reported a far higher injury-to-death ratio than the state generally (147.1 vs. 73.1). This is among the highest (best) of any counties in the state, likely a result of the fact that Milwaukee County is almost completely urbanized and is well served by hospitals.

Emergency Services

As can be seen in Figure 13, Milwaukee County contains numerous trauma centers within its boundaries, including two different level I trauma centers.15

Milwaukee County maintains 28 different emergency providers (listed below in Figure 14). These companies employ 3,108 emergency personnel. Consequently, the county is the site of 3.3 emergency response personnel per 1,000 residents. This is somewhat lower than the state figure of 4.02 emergency response personnel per 1,000 residents.

15 The trauma capacities of hospitals are rated on a I-IV scale, with some remaining unrated; Level I hospitals have the greatest capacity. In the image, brighter colors show hot spots, where crash numbers are (locally) concentrated.

17

FIGURE 12:

18

FIGURE 13:

19

FIGURE 14: NUMBER OF EMT PERSONNEL/JURISDCTION 16

CITY LEVEL NAME PERSONNEL

Milwaukee Paramedic MILWAUKEE FIRE DEPARTMENT 750

Milwaukee Paramedic with Critical Care Endorsement

BELL AMBULANCE INC 312


Paratech Ambulance Service Inc - Milwaukee Operations

312


Meda Care Ambulance Service, LLC 293

Milwaukee Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)

Kettle Moraine Ambulance, LLC 292


Paratech Ambulance Service - South Operations

287

Milwaukee Paramedic CURTIS UNIVERSAL AMBULANCE SERVICE - MILWAUKEE

120

Brown Deer Paramedic NORTH SHORE FIRE DEPARTMENT 120

West Allis Paramedic WEST ALLIS (CITY OF) FIRE DEPARTMENT 94

Wauwatosa Paramedic WAUWATOSA FIRE DEPARTMENT 92

Greenfield Paramedic GREENFIELD (CITY OF) FIRE DEPARTMENT 54

Oak Creek Paramedic OAK CREEK FIRE DEPARTMENT 53

Franklin Paramedic FRANKLIN FIRE DEPARTMENT 46

Hales Corners

Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)

HALES CORNERS FIRE DEPARTMENT 44

Milwaukee Paramedic MILWAUKEE COUNTY EMS 42

Milwaukee Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)

128th Fire and Emergency Services 37

Cudahy Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)

CUDAHY FIRE DEPARTMENT 26

South Milwaukee

Paramedic SOUTH MILWAUKEE FIRE DEPARTMENT 26

Milwaukee Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)

MILWAUKEE COUNTY FIRE DEPARTMENT - AIRPORT

22

Greendale Paramedic GREENDALE FIRE DEPARTMENT 20

Fox Point Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)

FOX POINT POLICE DEPARTMENT FIRST RESPONDERS

17

Milwaukee TEMS TEAM Milwaukee Fire Department TEMS Unit 9


CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF WI-TRANSPORT TEAM

7

Oak Creek TEMS TEAM Oak Creek Fire Department TEMS Unit 7

Cudahy TEMS TEAM Cudahy Fire Department TEMS Unit 3

Greenfield TEMS TEAM Greenfield (City of) Fire TEMS Unit 2

Wauwatosa TEMS TEAM Wauwatosa Fire Department TEMS Unit 2

16 Department of Health Services, 2017, Received through Happel, C.

20

FIGURE 14.2: NUMBER AND LEVEL OF EMERGENCY RESPONDERS PER JURISDICTION

21

THE CRASHES

The State of Wisconsin, in a months-long process, solicited input from a diverse variety of stakeholders to create the most recent version of our Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP), a document that guides investment and safety decisions for three years. The plan has ten different issue areas. General crash-related statistics for Milwaukee County are listed below, and then facts and figures are organized to correspond with these ten issue areas.

GENERAL CRASH-RELATED STATISTICS

FIGURE 15: NUMBER OF CRASHES BY MOST SEVERE INJURY IN THE CRASH AND PERSONS INVOLVED IN

CRASHES BY INJURY SEVERITY

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012-2016 Average

Cra

shes

Per

son

s

Cra

shes

Per

son

s

Cra

shes

Per

son

s

Cra

shes

Per

son

s

Cra

shes

Per

son

s

Cra

shes

Per

son

s

Fatality 54 59 45 47 62 66 76 81 60 73 59.4 65.2

Incapacitating Injury

326 393 331 389 283 334 286 331 355 431 316.2 375.6

Non-Incapacitating Injury

1,868 2,421 1,947 2,579 1,937 2,543 2,302 3,085 2,284 3,182 2,067.6 2,762.0

Possible Injury

3,908 5,835 4,180 6,301 4,325 6,508 4,891 7,442 4,891 7,434 4,439.0 6,704.0

No Apparent Injury

12,893 42,730 14,361 45,998 14,769 47,240 16,615 52,856 17,348 54,979 15,197.2 48,760.6

Totals 19,049 51,438 20,864 55,314 21,376 56,691 24,170 63,795 24,938 66,099 22,079.4 58,667.4

22

FIGURE 16: FATALITIES AND INCAPACITATING INJURIES BY ROLE, MILWAUKEE COUNTY, 2012-2016

FIGURE 17: FATALITIES AND INCAPACITATING INJURIES BY ROLE, WISCONSIN, 2012-2016

Vehicle drivers make up the highest percentage of fatalities and incapacitating injuries within Milwaukee County and the state of Wisconsin.

BICYCLIST4%

DRIVER42%

MOTORCYCLIST13%

MOPED USER1%

VEHICLE PASSENGER

21%

PEDESTRIAN19%

BICYCLIST3%

DRIVER53%

MOTORCYCLIST16%

MOPED USER1%

VEHICLE PASSENGER

20%

PEDESTRIAN7%

23

FIGURE 18: FATAL AND INCAPACITATING INJURIES BY AGE IN MILWAUKEE COUNTY, 2012-2016

FIGURE 19: FATAL AND INCAPACITATING INJURIES BY AGE IN WISCONSIN, 2012-2016

For both Milwaukee County and the State of Wisconsin, the highest number of Incapacitating Injuries occurred in the age group 15-24. The highest number of Fatalities occurred in the age group 25-34 in Milwaukee County, versus 15-24 for the State.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

4 & under 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85 & over

KILLED INCAPACITATING INJURY

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4 & under 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85 & over

KILLED INCAPACITATING INJURY

24

FIGURE 20: TOTAL FATALITIES AND INCAPACITATING INJURIES BY PLACE OF RESIDENCE (MILWAUKEE COUNTY ON LEFT AND STATE OF WISCONSIN ON RIGHT), 2012-2016

*Local is defined as persons with addresses that have ZIP codes fully or partially within the county.

11% of the fatalities and injuries in Milwaukee County occurred to non-local individuals.

FIGURE 21: FATALITIES AND INCAPACITATING INJURIES BY STATE OF RESIDENCE (MILWAUKEE COUNTY

ON LEFT AND STATE OF WI ON RIGHT), 2012-2016

98% of fatality and injury crashes in Milwaukee County occurred to Wisconsin residents.

FIGURE 22: LOCATION OF CRASHES BY ROAD TYPE IN MILWAUKEE COUNTY, 2012-2016

Total Fatal Crashes Total Non-Fatal Injury Crashes

Interstate Highways 6.4% 11.1%

US/State Highways 25.9% 24.6%

County Highways 0.0% 0.0%

Local Roads 67.7% 64.3%

The highest percentage of fatal crashes occurred on local roads within Milwaukee County.

Local*88.38%

Non-Local11.57%

Local*91.77%

Non-Local8.03%

Unknown0.20%

Other, 2%

WI, 98%

Other, 2%WI, 92%

IL, 3%

MN, 2%

MI, 1%

25

FIGURE 23: REPORTING OF FATAL AND SERIOUS INJURY CRASHES BY AGENCY, 2012-2016

LEA TOTAL

Bayside Public Safety Department 4

Brown Deer Police Department 42

Cudahy City Police Department 39

Fox Point Police Department 6

Franklin Police Department 52

Glendale Police Department 30

Greendale Police Department 10

Greenfield Police Department 64

Hales Corners Police Department 30

Marquette University Police Department 6

Milwaukee County Sheriff 173

Milwaukee Police Department 1,008

Oak Creek Police Department 61

River Hills Police Department 5

Shorewood Police Department 13

South Milwaukee Police Department 31

St Francis Police Department 9

UW Milwaukee Police Department 1

Wauwatosa Police Department 120

West Allis Police Department 109

West Milwaukee Police Department 36

Whitefish Bay Police Department 22

Wisconsin State Fair Park Police 2

Wisconsin State Patrol 5

Total 1,878

Milwaukee Police Department has the highest reporting of fatal and serious injury crashes within Milwaukee County.

26

ISSUE AREA: IMPROVE SAFETY CULTURE, SAFETY DATA, AND DATA TECHNOLOGY

Because this information is difficult to quantify and visualize, we recommend that readers view the most recent edition of the Wisconsin Strategic Highway Safety Plan at the following location: http://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/safety/education/frms-pubs/strategichwy-17-20.pdf

ISSUE AREA: REDUCE DRIVER DISTRACTION/IMPROVE DRIVER ALERTNESS

Between 2012 and 2016, Milwaukee County averaged 6 fatalities annually and 1,421 crashes relating to inattentive/distracted driving. Figure 24 shows where such crashes took place along the road network.

FIGURE 24: INATTENTION-RELATED FATAL AND INJURY-CAUSING CRASHES BY LOCATION, 2012-2016

Inattention-Related Fatal Crashes Inattention-Related Non-Fatal Injury Crashes





The most common location for inattention-related fatal and serious injury crashes in Milwaukee County was on local roads. ISSUE AREA: REDUCE ALCOHOL & DRUG-IMPAIRED DRIVING

FIGURE 25: ALCOHOL OR DRUG-RELATED CRASHES BY LOCATION, 2012-2016

Alcohol or Drug-Related Fatal Crashes Alcohol or Drug-Related Non-Fatal Injury Crashes





The most common location for alcohol/drug-related fatal crashes in Milwaukee County was on local roads.

FIGURE 26: IMPAIRED DRIVING STATISTICS IN MILWAUKEE COUNTY, 2012-2016

Average Total Fatal Crashes Average Alcohol or Drug-Related Fatal Crashes

Average Alcohol or Drug-Related Non-Fatal Injury Crashes

59.4 30.6 296.4

Milwaukee County % of Alcohol or Drug-Related Fatal Crashes to All Fatal Crashes

51.5%

Wisconsin % of Alcohol or Drug-Related Fatal Crashes to All Fatal Crashes

45.0%

Milwaukee County had a higher percentage of alcohol or drug-related fatal crashes than the state of Wisconsin.

http://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/safety/education/frms-pubs/strategichwy-17-20.pdf

27

ISSUE AREA: REDUCE THE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF MOTORCYCLE CRASHES

FIGURE 27: MILWAUKEE COUNTY MOTORCYCLISTS KILLED OR SERIOUSLY INJURED, 2012-2016

% Killed % Seriously Injured 5-Yr Ave Killed 5-Yr Ave Seriously Injured

County 15.6% 12.8% 10.2 48.2

State 15.3% 16.5% 84.8 525.6

Milwaukee County had a lower percentage of motorcyclists seriously injured when compared to the state, but a higher percentage of motorcyclist fatalities.

ISSUE AREA: IMPROVE NON-MOTORIST SAFETY

FIGURE 28: MILWAUKEE COUNTY PEDESTRIANS KILLED OR SERIOUSLY INJURED

% Killed % Seriously Injured 5-Yr Ave Killed 5-Yr Ave Seriously Injured

County 2.5% 4.1% 1.6 15.4

State 1.8% 2.9% 10.2 92.4

Milwaukee County had higher percentages of crashes where pedestrians were killed and seriously injured, compared to the state.

FIGURE 29: PEDESTRIANS INVOLVED IN CRASHES BY ACTION AND LOCATION, 2012-2016

PEDESTRIAN ACTION

PEDESTRIAN LOCATION TOTAL

BLANK IN CROSSWALK IN ROADWAY

NOT IN ROADWAY

ON SIDEWALK

BLANK 205 414 306 27 96 1,048

WALKING NOT FACING TRAFFIC

22 212 189 6 26 455

DISREGARDED SIGNAL

9 117 30 0 0 156

DARTING INTO ROAD

41 56 500 3 2 602

DARK CLOTHING 5 53 51 0 4 113

WALKING FACING TRAFFIC

22 221 88 7 28 366

TOTAL 304 1,073 1,164 43 156 2,740

The most common pedestrian action contributing to crashes was darting into the roadway.

28

FIGURE 30: MILWAUKEE COUNTY BICYCLISTS KILLED OR SERIOUSLY INJURED, 2012-2016

% Killed % Seriously Injured

5-Yr Ave Killed

5-Yr Ave Seriously Injured

County 22.7% 18.6% 14.8 70.0

State 8.1% 6.6% 44.8 211.2

Milwaukee County had higher percentages of crashes where bicyclists were killed or seriously injured, compared to the state.

ISSUE AREA: IMPROVE SAFETY OF INTERSECTIONS

FIGURE 31: MILWAUKEE COUNTY TOTAL CRASHES BY LOCATION, 2012-2016

County State

% Intersection 47.5% 37.8%

% Non-Intersection 52.5% 62.8%

There were more crashes at intersections in Milwaukee County, compared to the state of Wisconsin. ISSUE AREA: INCREASE OCCUPANT PROTECTION

FIGURE 32: SEATBELT USE STATEWIDE, 2012-2017

Seatbelt usage statewide has increased over the past six years.

FIGURE 32.2: SAFETY EQUIPMENT USAGE IN PASSENGER CAR AND LIGHT TRUCKS DURING CRASHES, 2012-2016

Belted Unbelted

Fatalities and Serious Injuries 65.2% 34.8%

34% of the people killed or seriously injured in crashes in Milwaukee County were unbelted.

79.9

82.4

84.785.8

88.489.4

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

29

ISSUE AREA: CURB AGGRESSIVE DRIVING/REDUCE SPEED-RELATED CRASHES

FIGURE 33: DRIVER POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTING CIRCUMSTANCES FOR CRASHES IN MILWAUKEE COUNTY (TOP) AND STATEWIDE (BOTTOM), 2012-2016

Inattentive driving was the most significant contributing factor for all crashes within Milwaukee County.

20%

5%

10%

11%

16%

17%

21%

OTHER CATAGORIES

DRIVER CONDITION

FOLLOWING TOO CLOSE

SPEED TOO FAST/COND

FAIL YIELD R-O-WAY

FAILURE TO CONTROL

INATTENTIVE DRIVING

21%

6%

7%

11%

15%

20%

21%

OTHER CATAGORIES

SPEED TOO FAST/COND

DISGRD TRAFFIC CNTL

FOLLOWING TOO CLOSE

FAILURE TO CONTROL

FAIL YIELD R-O-WAY

INATTENTIVE DRIVING

30

FIGURE 34: SPEEDING STATISTICS IN MILWAUKEE COUNTY, 2012-2017

Average Speed-Related Fatal Crashes

Average Speed-Related Non-Fatal Injury Crashes

22.6 1,029.6

Milwaukee County % of Speed-Related Fatal Crashes to All Fatal Crashes

38.0%

Wisconsin % of Speed-Related Fatal Crashes to All Fatal Crashes

28.9%

Speed-Related Fatal Crashes Speed-Related Non-Fatal Injury Crashes





Milwaukee County had a higher percentage of speed-related fatal crashes than the state. The most

common location for speed-related fatal crashes in Milwaukee County was on local roads.

ISSUE AREA: REDUCE LANE DEPARTURE CRASHES

FIGURE 35: MILWAUKEE COUNTY RUN-OFF-THE-ROAD CRASHES, 2012-2016

5 Year Average of Run-Off-

the-Road crashes % of Run-Off-the-Road crashes

to total crashes

County 4,646.6 21.0%

State 30,395.6 25.4%

Milwaukee County had a lower percentage of run-off-the-road crashes when compared to the state.

31

THE IMPACT

Section Summary

In Milwaukee County, the number of persons involved in crashes is high. The number of crash-related

emergency room visits is very high.

2011-2015 Annual Averages

17,18

17University of Wisconsin-Madison, Center for Health Systems Research & Analysis. Wisconsin Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System Project. “Wisconsin CODES Report Builder Custom Reporting System,” http://www.chsra.wisc.edu/codes/query/overview.html Accessed Oct. 2, 2017. 18University of Wisconsin-Madison, Center for Health Systems Research & Analysis. Wisconsin Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System Project. “Community Crash Reports,” http://www.chsra.wisc.edu/codes/community/default.htm Accessed Oct. 3, 2017.

Milwaukee County Wisconsin

Average Annual Population 951,449 5,716,883

Persons in Crashes (per 1,000 residents)

61.9 46.0

Crash-Related Emergency Room Visits (per 100,000 residents)

657.8 407.3

Crash-Related Hospitalizations (per 100,000 residents)

47.6 49.3

Quality of Life Costs (per 100,000 residents)

$32,296,915 $36,819,900

Lost Years of Life (per 1,000 residents)

2.19 3.04

Medical Costs (per 100,000 residents)

$11,623,389 $10,482,526

http://www.chsra.wisc.edu/codes/query/overview.htmlhttp://www.chsra.wisc.edu/codes/community/default.htm

32

THE GRANTS

The following section shows the agencies that participated in grants in FY 2016.

2016 Grant Participation

Impaired Driving Occupant Protection Speed

Milwaukee County Sheriff's

Office

$49,918.20

Bayside Police Dept. $7,600

Brown Deer Police Dept. on task force

Cudahy Police Dept. $24,960 $70,000 $70,000

Fox Point Police Dept. on task force

Franklin Police Dept. $34,968 $39,928 $19,879

Greendale Police Dept. $9,999.36 task force with Franklin

Greenfield Police Dept. $14,976 task force with West Allis

Hales Corners Police Dept. $14,850 task force with Franklin

Milwaukee Police Dept. $150,000 $80,000 $149,999.99

Oak Creek Police Dept. $24,900

River Hills Police Dept. $15,072 $11,083.50

Shorewood Police Dept. $14,407.20 $14,727.36

South Milwaukee Police Dept. $10,176 task force with Cudahy task force with Cudahy

St. Francis Police Dept. $9,975 task force with Cudahy task force with Cudahy

UW-Milwaukee Police Dept.

Wauwatosa Police Dept. $27,950 task force with West Allis

West Allis Police Dept. $49,920 $99,840 $39,840

West Milwaukee Police Dept. $9,877.68 task force with West Allis

Whitefish Bay Police Dept. $7,507.20

In 2016, the Milwaukee Pedestrian HVE Task Force consisted of Milwaukee Police Dept., UW-Milwaukee

Police Dept., and Marquette University Police Dept. Milwaukee Police Dept. received a bicycle safety

enforcement grant in 2016.

2017 Task Forces

Name Grant Amount

Milwaukee County Southeast OWI Enforcement Task Force $60,000

Milwaukee County Central OWI Enforcement Task Force $109,800

Milwaukee County Northwest OWI Enforcement Task Force $39,600

Milwaukee County Southwest OWI Enforcement Task Force $63,000

Milwaukee County Northeast OWI Enforcement Task Force $39,936

Milwaukee County Southeast Speed Enforcement Task Force $50,000

Milwaukee County Central Speed Enforcement Task Force $80,000

Milwaukee County Northwest Speed Enforcement Task Force $39,600

Milwaukee County Southwest Speed Enforcement Task Force $19,990.80

Milwaukee County Southeast Seatbelt Enforcement Task Force $60,000

Milwaukee County Central Seatbelt Enforcement Task Force $54,600

Milwaukee County Northwest Seatbelt Enforcement Task Force $35,040

Milwaukee County Southwest Seatbelt Enforcement Task Force $51,972

33

2017 Task Force Participation


Milwaukee County Sheriff's

Office

SE OWI Task Force SE Seatbelt Task Force SE Speed Task Force

Bayside Police Dept. NE OWI Task Force

Brown Deer Police Dept.

Cudahy Police Dept. SE OWI Task Force SE Seatbelt Task Force SE Speed Task Force

Fox Point Police Dept. NE OWI Task Force

Franklin Police Dept. SW OWI Task Force SW Seatbelt Task Force SW Speed Task Force

Glendale Police Dept. Central OWI Task Force Central Seatbelt Task Force Central Speed Task

Force Greendale Police Dept. SW OWI Task Force SW Seatbelt Task Force SW Speed Task Force

Greenfield Police Dept. SW OWI Task Force SW Seatbelt Task Force SW Speed Task Force

Hales Corners Police Dept. SW OWI Task Force SW Seatbelt Task Force SW Speed Task Force

Milwaukee Police Dept. Central OWI Task Force Central Seatbelt Task Force Central Speed Task

Force Oak Creek Police Dept.

River Hills Police Dept. NE OWI Task Force

Shorewood Police Dept. Central OWI Task Force Central Seatbelt Task Force Central Speed Task

Force South Milwaukee Police

Dept.

SE OWI Task Force SE Seatbelt Task Force SE Speed Task Force

St. Francis Police Dept. SE OWI Task Force SE Seatbelt Task Force SE Speed Task Force

UW-Milwaukee Police Dept.

Wauwatosa Police Dept. NW OWI Task Force NW Seatbelt Task Force NW Speed Task Force

West Allis Police Dept. NW OWI Task Force NW Seatbelt Task Force NW Speed Task Force

West Milwaukee Police

Dept.

NW OWI Task Force NW Seatbelt Task Force NW Speed Task Force

Whitefish Bay Police Dept. Central OWI Task Force Central Seatbelt Task Force Central Speed Task

Force

Milwaukee Police Department and UW-Milwaukee Police Department received enforcement grants in

2017 focusing on motorist violations that negatively impact pedestrian and bicyclist safety.

2018 Task Force Eligibility


All Milwaukee County Law Enforcement Agencies Yes Yes Yes

34

Agency Mobilizations 2016-2017

FY2016

Drive

Sober or

Get

Pulled

Over-

Winter

Holidays

2016 Click

It or

Ticket

2016

Drive

Sober or

Get

Pulled

Over –

Labor Day

FY2017

Drive

Sober or

Get

Pulled

Over-

Winter

Holidays

2017 Click

It or

Ticket

2017

Drive

Sober or

Get

Pulled

Over –

Labor Day

Milwaukee County Sheriff's Office

Bayside Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Brown Deer Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Cudahy Police Dept. Yes

Fox Point Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes

Franklin Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Glendale Police Dept.

Greendale Police Dept. Yes

Greenfield Police Dept. Yes

Hales Corners Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes

Milwaukee Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Oak Creek Police Dept.

River Hills Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Shorewood Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes

South Milwaukee Police Dept. Yes Yes

St. Francis Police Dept. Yes

UW-Milwaukee Police Dept. Yes

Wauwatosa Police Dept.

West Allis Police Dept.

West Milwaukee Police Dept.

Whitefish Bay Police Dept. Yes Yes

The Wisconsin State Patrol participates in all three mobilizations each year. Law enforcement agencies

should participate for the chance to receive an equipment grant for ongoing high-visibility enforcement.