a tour of the cell - · pdf fileparticipate in cell division. ... structure = pancake stacks....
TRANSCRIPT
A TOUR OF THE CELL
TEM of Animal Cell
TEM of Plant Cell
Organelles
“Little organs”
Structures inside cells
that carry out specific
activities.
Nucleus
1. Nucleus
Nickname: “The Control
Center”
Function: holds the DNA
Parts:
Nucleolus: dark spot in the
middle of the nucleus that
helps make ribosomes
Surrounded by nuclear
envelope =with pores.
Nuclear Membrane Pores
Centriole
Found in cytoplasm.
Always two of them.
Participate in cell
division.
Made of protein
fibers.
Cytoplasm
Portion of the cell
outside the nucleus.
Ribosomes
2. Ribosomes
Function: makes
proteins
Found in all cells,
prokaryotic and
eukaryotic
Made of RNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Site where lipids and proteins are assembled and delivered
“Roads”
Rough ER = has ribosomes
Smooth ER = no ribosomes = clean up wastes.
Many smooth ER in liver cells.
Golgi Apparatus
Modifies, sorts, and
packages proteins
from the ER.
“Shipping station”
Structure = Pancake
stacks.
Vesicle
Function in
transporting
substances out of the
cell = “transport sack”
Are released from the
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Small organelles filled
with enzymes.
Digest and break
down lipids,
carbohydrates, and
proteins.
“Clean-up crew”
Lysosome Animation
http://highered.mcgraw-
hill.com/sites/0072437316/student
_view0/chapter5/animations.html#
Mitochondria
Convert food into energy in the form of ATP.
“Powerhouse of the Cell”
Outer membrane
Inner membrane = folds
Muscles cells have many. Why?
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Network of protein
fibers that help
support the cell.
Helps the cell
maintain its shape.
Also help move
particles across the
cell.
“The Skeleton”
Cell Membrane
Cell membrane =
controls what enters
and leaves the cell =
selectively permeable
“The Gates”
Provides protection
and support.
Phospholipid bilayer
Structures Found in Plants
Only
Chloroplasts
Convert sunlight
energy into chemical
energy =
photosynthesis
Found in plant cells
“Solar electricity”
Vacuoles
Saclike structures
Store materials
(water, salts, proteins,
and carbohydrates)
“Storage room”
Plants contain one
large vacuole filled
with liquid.
Cell Wall
Provides support and
protection for the cell.
Found outside the cell
membrane.
Comparing Plants and Animal Cells:
Venn Diagram Plant Animal
Let’s Practice!
http://www.wisc-
online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?o
bjid=AP11403
The Virtual Cell
http://aimediaserver.com/studiodai
ly/videoplayer/?src=harvard/harva
rd.swf&width=640&height=520
Review Questions
Why do cells that make a lot of protein have more Rough ER than cells that don’t?
Why is it important that the cell’s digestive enzymes are enclosed inside the lysosome?
Compare a cell to a factory, a city, or a school. Use analogies for each organelle.