A COMPOSITION OF WORDS/FIGURATIVELANGUAGE, CONVEYING A SENSE

OF EXPERIENCE.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, INTERACTIONS,PROCESSES OR LAWS.

~~FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE~~WORDS THAT CREATE VIVID

IMPRESSIONS, NOT LITERAL MEANINGMETAPHORSIMILEALLITERATIONALLUSIONANALOGYASSONANCECONNOTATIONEXTENDED

METAPHOR

HYPERBOLEIMAGERYONOMATOPOEIAOXYMORONPARADOXPERSONIFICATIONPUNREPETITION

AN IMPLIED COMPARISON BETWEENTWO UNLIKE THINGS

“The canoe was a bulwark against starvation.”

MAKES A COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO

UNLIKE THINGS, USING “LIKE” OR “AS.”

“He slithered through the crowd like a snake.”

 

REPETITION of the INITIAL CONSONANT ofAt least TWO WORDS

“Pretty Patty picked pears for the party.”“wild wave”

AN INDIRECT REFERENCE TO SOMETHINGTHAT IS COMMONLY KNOWN

“The couple encountered a conflict much the wayAdam and Eve had done.”

A COMPARISON BETWEEN TOW THINGS THAT AREBOTH ALIKE AND UNALIKE

“Basketball: hoops as soccer: is to goal”

TWO WORDS THAT, USUALLY IN THE SAME LINE OR STANZA OF A POEM, HAVE REPETED

VOWEL SOUNDS

“bead, heed, steed”“male, fail,”

A WORD THAT IMPLIES A SET OF IDEASIN ADDITION TO ITS REAL MEANING

“Caged dog” implies a sad, isolated animal.

A COMPARISON THAT SUSTAINS FOR SERVERAL LINES OR STANZAS IN APOEM OR THROUGHOUT

AN ENTIRE POEM, CHAPTER, OR STORY

The pearl found by Kino in John Steinbeck’s The Pearl,

is the family’s hope for a better future.

A DELIBERATE EXAGGERATION

“I could eat a horse.”“I was so sleepy, I could have slept for a year.”

WORDS USED TO APPEAL TO THE FIVE SENSESAND CREATE A MENTAL PICTURE IN

THE READER’S MIND

“The smell was filled the house as I entered; potent andcomplete with the freshness

of the fruit and the rich spices that enhancedthe apple pie Grandma maid.”

WORDS CHOSEN FOR EFFECTTO DELIBERATELY IMITATE THE

SOUND MADE BY AN ANIMAL OR AN ACTION

“buzz,” “wham,” “chirp,” or “swish”

THE USE OF TWO WORDS TOGETHERTHAT SEEM TO HAVE OPPOSITE MEANING

“the wise idiot” and “deliberate accident”

A STATEMENT THAT SEEMS CONTRADICTORY,BUT, NONETHELESS, IS TRUE

“the honest thief”

CHARACTERISTICS OR QUALITIES OF A HUMANGIVEN TO INANIMATE OBJECTS

Cars talking; toasters bathing.

A PLAY ON WORDS

Using “raise” and “raze,” from the poem in this unit.The flame was raised and grew from a spark

much like a child is raised, or a rumor is raised, and the victims are ruined.

THE ACT OR PROCERSS OF REPEATINGA WORD, A PHRASE, OR A SENTENCE

FOR EFFECT

“falling, falling, falling…”

Rhyme RhythmSymbolParody

ANATOMY OF A POEM

1. Get your first thoughts on paper lest you forget

2. Decision—rhymed or free verse

3. Clarify the ideas or concepts you started with

4. Utilize figurative language

Be creative!

A. Reread, and rewrite the poem until your reach the desired effect

B. Allow another person to read it. Is the interpretation clear to the reader?

C. Rewrite for clarity and conciseness

D. Check punctuation and spelling

E. Look for parallelism

FIRST IDEASIgnited, begun by a spark, a tiny flame

Fanned by the breath of one then another

Spread wildly, viciously

Singeing, smarting its victims stinging

Victims engulfed by the pain

The devastated damaged burned

WHERE DID THE IDEA COME FROM?Influenced by observing a person who was deeply

hurt by gossip.

Everyone has taken part in gossip and most of us have been victimized.

Ideas are thoughts…incomplete phrases

GET THEM DOWN ON PAPER!!

REREAD AND REWRITEIgnitedbegun by a spark, a tiny flamefanned by the breath of one then anotherspread wildly, viciouslysingeing, smarting its victims stingingvictims engulfed by the painthe devastated damaged burned

Took approximately 20 minutes

AnalyzeAsk yourselfWhat steps were used? See slide number 20

By now you should have used:1, 2, 3, and 4.

Five and six are very important!Don’t quit now…steps A, B, C, D, and E will

finish it!

GETTING BETTER…A sparkWords spoken by sole voiceIgnited by breath of oneFanned again by another

The spark turns vile rumorSpread wildly, viciouslyViolent whispers

The spark turned rumorSingeing, smarting its victimsStinging.The victim engulfed in pain of the flame

Approximately one hour

STILL BETTER…A sparkWords spoken by sole voice

Ignited by breath of one

Fanned again by another

The spark turns vile rumorSpread wildly, viciously Violent whispers

The spark turned rumorSingeing, smarting its victimsStinging.The victim engulfed in pain of the flame

The damage, devastatingBurned.Tears dampened the flameTorment.

Are there opportunities for literary techniques to be used?

Rewrite until the techniques are incorporated.

Reread and rewrite, making the meaning clear and brief.

Punctuate according to meaning and thought

Make certain each line flows from one line to another

Maintain verb tense

GET A PROOFREADER!

Words are spoken by a single voice; Work on titleA spark. Altered focusThe voice falls on narrow perception. Clouded

The spark is ignited becauseThe words are consumed by misunderstanding.Fanned by the breath of one,Fanned again by incessant rumblings;The spark grows to a flame.The tiny flame turns vile, violentWith wild whispers. Oxymoron

AlliterationThe raging fire fueled by the Chorus singing; singeing,Smarting, stinging its victim.The victim engulfed in pain, cries out. (Title: implied pun—”raising” a rumorMuffled by the incessant flame. And watching it grow as if it were a

child)

Tears dampen the flameThe victim, damaged, devastated; burned, razed.

Tormented,Now all are victims.

Words are spoken by a single voice;A spark.

The voice falls on clouded perception.The spark is ignited becauseThe words are consumed by misunderstanding.Fanned by the breath of one,Fanned again by incessant rumblings.The spark grows into a flame.The tiny flame turns vile, violentWith wild whispers.

The raging fire fueled by the Chorus singing; singeing,Smarting, stinging its victim.The voice, engulfed in pain, cries out;Muffled by the incessant flame.Tears dampen the flame.The victim is damaged, devastated,Burned, razed.

Tormented and extinguished,All die a little,Until the next voice turns spark.

August 4, 1995