9/10/2015 1 engineering & technology management group engineering technology management tracking...

04/21/23 1Engineering & Technology Management Group

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Technology

ManagementTracking the Constant of Change

SystemsEngineering

ManagementHistory

Society Legal Aspects

Economics

LogisticsSupply Chain

Risk

TechnicalInformation

MultidisciplineDesign

ProductDevelopment

Optimizing the Design & Integration of the (Early) 21st Century System

AIAA MDO TCThomas A. Zang

NASA Langley Research Center

1/5/03 2Engineering & Technology Management Group: MDO TC

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Objectives

• Summarize the 1990s view of Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO)

• Illustrate the role MDO technologies have played in contemporary design decisions


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A Dose of Humility

“the aerospace industry has done multidisciplinary design optimization since the days of the Wright brothers”


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1991 MDO White Paper

MDO Development Tasks• Data exchange requirements

defined• Common, parameterized

geometry model• Data management system• Models for manufacturing,

reliability, supportability and life-cycle cost

• Design-oriented analysis• Discipline design sensitivities• Systems sensitivity analysis• Improved optimization algorithms• Post-optimum sensitivity analysis• Systematic design space search

methods

• The MDO TC published its first White Paper led by Daniel Schrage & Jarek Sobieski

• Concurrent engineering had just emerged and had not yet been assimilated by the MDO TC

http://endo.sandia.gov/AIAA_MDOTC/sponsored/aiaa_paper.html


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1998 “White Paper” on Industrial Experience

No papers on MDO inConceptual Design!

Cost, manufacturingand -ilities models

fell out of scope

TradeStudies

Full MDO

Limited Optimization/Iteration

ConceptualDesign

IntermediateFidelity

High FidelityCFD, FEM

FrontierFidelityLevel

Level of MDO

F/A-18 E/F

F-16Agile Falcon

GM Auto

BWB

GE EngineRotocraft

Lrg A/C Incr

easin

g

Difficu

ltyF-22

SpaceTelescope

MDO ElementsDesign Formulations & Solutions

• Design Problem Objectives• Design Problem Decomposition, Organization• Optimization Procedures and Issue

Information Management & Processing

• MDO Framework and Architecture• Data Bases and Data Flow & Standards• Computing Requirements• Design Space Visualization

Analysis Capabilities & Approximations

• Breadth vs.. Depth Requirements• Effective Incl. of High Fidelity Analyses/Test• Approximation & Correction Processes• Parametric Geometric Modeling• Analysis and Sensitivity Capability

Management & Cultural Implementation

• Organizational Structure• MDO Operation in IPD Teams• Acceptance, Validation,Cost &, Benefits• Training

Additions to1991 Vision

10 papers on industry applications w. summary by

Giesing & Barthelemy, AIAA-98-4737


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2002 Aero/Structures/Controls Applications Survey

Guruswamy & Obayasi, AIAA-2002-5638

CO

MP

LE

XIT

Y I

N P

HY

SIC

S

CO

MP

LE

XIT

Y I

N G

EO

ME

TR

Y

FLUIDS STRUCTURES

LOOK UPTABLES

LINEARANALYTICALMETHODS

TRANSONICSMALL DISTURBANCE

FULLPOTENTIAL

EULER

NAVIER-STOKES

SHAPEFUNCTIONS

MODALAPPROACH

EQUIVALENTPLATE

2D FINITEELEMENTS

SIMPLE 3DFINITEELEMENTS

DETAILED3D FINITEELEMENTS

INT

ER

FA

CIN

G

• Use of Euler/Navier-Stokes based CFD and 2D FEM based CSM methods have started impacting MDO

• Gradient approach is used extensively for MDO

• Genetic algorithm based MDO are in the early stages of research but are growing rapidly

• Use of parallel computers for large scale MDO is yet to be exploited

RAVEH EUL/500K 2D,W-B/1K GRD 16

GUMBERT EUL/50K 2D,W-B/5K GRD 16

KIM EUL/100K 2D,W-B/1K GRD/GA 11

GIUNTA EUL/300K 2D, PLATE/1K GRD 14

OYAMA NS/500K 1D, BEAM GA 16

KNILL EUL/500K 2D, E_PLATE GRD 15

RODRIGUEZ NS/500K 1-D NS GRD 17

BLAIR PANEL 2D,W-B/N-L GRD 10

MAUTE EUL/50K 2D,FEM/6K GRD 16

POCFluids/Grid

Structures/Elements

Propulsion/Controls

MDO/Method

F-CIndex


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Recipients of the MDO Award

• “… presented to an individual for outstanding contributions to the development and/or application of techniques of multidisciplinary design optimization in the context of aerospace engineering”

• Lucien A. Schmit, Jr. (1994): initialization and pioneering of the field of engineering optimization

• Jaroslaw Sobieski (1996): initialization and pioneering of MDO as a field

• Raphael T. Haftka (1998): depth and breadth of methodological contributions

• Vipperla B. Venkayya (2000): structural and aeroelastic optimization methods and tools

• Garret N. Vanderplaats (2002): bringing optimization to users through commercial software


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MDO Then and Now

• The structural optimization community formed the core of the original MDO TC community (1989)

• During the 1990s the focus of the MDO community was on subjects such as– maturing structural optimization

– developing aerostructural analysis

– influencing aerodynamic sensitivity analysis & optimization

– deploying approximation-based multidisciplinary analysis & optimization methods

– researching & deploying MDO frameworks and architectures

– researching multidisciplinary decomposition

• Today, the c.g. of MDO is moving away from aeroelasticity at the preliminary design level, and towards encompassing other disciplines at the conceptual design level


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Early 21st Century Multidisciplinary Design Examples

• The emphasis is on 2002-2003 examples of broad multidisciplinary capabilities that organizations have used in real aerospace design decisions

• The selections are intended to illustrate a spectrum of design stages

• University-centric applications are not included for lack of time

• Many more examples exist– some that I know about but don’t have time to cover– many that I just don’t know about


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Jet Propulsion Laboratory Project Design Center (Team X for Proposal Development)

http://pdcteams.jpl.nasa.gov/


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DDTE &Prod Cost

Safety and Reliability

Ops. Time & Cost

EconClosure

Geometry

Aero/Aerothermo-

dynamics

Ascent Trajectory

Optimization

Weights &Sizing andStructures

Propulsion

Entry & AbortsTrajectories

FlybacksTrajectories

LandingTrajectories

Upstream Feedback

Downstream Impact

NASA Advanced Engineering Environment (Launch Vehicle Technology Assessment)

D. Monell, AIAA-2004-0202


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Sandia SIERRA Framework

http://infoserve.sandia.gov/sand_doc/2002/023637p.pdf

FUEGO/ SYRINXPREMO

(SACCARA)

SALINAS

KRINO

ARIA (GOMA)

CALORE(COYOTE)

ADAGIO(JAS)

PRESTO(PRONTO)

ANDANTE

VIPAR

DAKOTA

Mechanics Mgmt

Field Mgmt Mesh Mgmt

Parallel Communications

SIERRA Kernel

Basic Framework Services


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OUTPUTSOUTPUTS

- Trade StudiesTrade Studies- Optimizations- Optimizations- Sensitivities- Sensitivities

CONCEPTUAL DESIGNER

PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCEMODELINGMODELING

AERODYNAMIC AERODYNAMIC MODELINGMODELING

WEIGHTSWEIGHTSMODELINGMODELING

PROPULSIONPROPULSIONMODELINGMODELING

COSTCOSTMODELINGMODELING

INPUTSINPUTS

Common Design Variables & Data

- RequirementsRequirements- Constraints- Constraints- Etc.- Etc.

RCD provides the link between a common design environment &LM Aero/COTS analysis tools

Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company

Lockheed Martin Rapid Conceptual Design (RCD)

A. Carty, AIAA-2002-5438


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Pratt & Whitney/NASA Glenn Research Center(Conceptual Engine Design Using NPSS)

Configurator

Cycle

Flowpath

Mechanicals

Fixed

Aerodynamic

MechanicalDesign

Manufacturing

Propulsion System

Performance, Weight, &

Fab$

Reliability, DMC, O&S Cost

In- house Outsource SG&A NRE RSP

Airfoil Structure Accy Gearbox Plumbing

ComprComb Turb Nozz Fan

ROM

Similarto

Detaildesign

1-D

2-D

3-D

Blade Shaft Disk Bearing Housing

CAD

ThermodynamicComprComb

Turb Nozz Fan

1-D

2-D

3-D

1-D

2-D

3-D

Integration

Nested Feedback

Local optimization

Interconnectivity

Global Optimization

http://hpcc.grc.nasa.gov/npssintro.shtml

B. Staubach, AIAA-2003-2803

Global Optimization

Local Optimization

Nested Iteration


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Impacts 1

• Jet Propulsion Laboratory Team X– proposal development time

reduced from 6 months to 2 weeks

• NASA Space Transportation AEE– routinely employed by the NGLT

program to evaluate technologies applicable to future rocket-based launch systems

• Sandia SIERRA Framework– new multiphysics capabilities

developed in months instead of years


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0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

RCD

Standard

Planning

Tool Development TradesSetup

Lockheed Martin Aeronautics CompanyA. Carty, AIAA-2002-5438

Impacts 2

• Lockheed-Martin– enabled the identification

of optimal solutions that are counter-intuitive and functions of multiple design disciplines

• Pratt & Whitney– 5 times gain to first

mechanical assessment

– $100 M reduction in manufacturing cost on engine fleet

04/21/23 17Engineering & Technology Management Group

One Example of a Current MDO Development Project That Aims to Be both Broad and Deep


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Navy Integrated Hypersonic Aeromechanics Tool(Design and Assessment of Hypersonic Missiles)

StructuralStructural

AerodynamicsAerodynamics

GeometryGeometry

ThermalThermal

TrajectoryTrajectory

Optimize

PropulsionPropulsion

Outer Mold Line

Flowpath Geometry

FEM Mesh

Propulsive Loads

FEM Temperatures

Drag vs. M, , etc...

TSFC vs. M, , etc...

Propulsion Heating

Aerodynamic Loads

Stability & Control

Stability & Control

3-DOF Aero Database

Propulsion Database

Gain & Phase Margins

Fuel/Range/Speed

Geometric Variables

Installed Inlet Performance

Empty Mass Properties

Skin GagesEmptyWeight

Flight Profile Inertia Loads

Empty Mass Properties

TrajectoryConstraints

PropulsionVariables

Highlighted components are new in Build 2

Baker, et al, AIAA-2003-6952

Advatech Pacific, Inc .Technology Development & Support

TM


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Key “MDO” Technologies Used in These Examples

MDO Elements

Design Formulations & Solutions

• Design Problem Objectives• Design Problem Decomposition, Organization• Optimization Procedures and Issues

Information Management & Processing

• MDO Framework and Architecture• Data Bases and Data Flow & Standards• Computing Requirements• Design Space Visualization

Analysis Capabilities & Approximations

• Breadth vs. Depth Requirements• Effective Incl. of High Fidelity Analyses/Test• Approximation & Correction Processes• Parametric Geometric Modeling• Analysis and Sensitivity Capability

Management & Cultural Implementation

• Organizational Structure• MDO Operation in IPD Teams• Acceptance, Validation, Cost & Benefits• Training


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Emerging “MDO” Technologies in the 21st Century

• The MDO TC has another White Paper under development that will provide a consensus view

• One man’s opinion on what you’ll see as additional MDO technologies in significant use in aerospace design by the 2009 Delta Forum:– distributed, collaborative engineering – risk assessment and mitigation– multidisciplinary design under uncertainty– multidisciplinary optimization using decomposition– multidisciplinary optimization visualization– parametric (geometry) models spanning concept to flight– multiprocessor computing enabling larger-scale MDO


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Acknowledgements

• Jet Propulsion Laboratory Team X– Robert Oberto

• NASA Advanced Engineering Environment– Michelle Garn (NASA LaRC)– Roger Lepsch (NASA LaRC)

• Sandia SIERRA– Jim Stewart

• Lockheed-Martin Rapid Conceptual Design– Atherton Carty (Palmdale)

• Pratt & Whitney and NASA Glenn NPSS– Steve Sirica (P&W)– John Lytle (GRC)

• Navy IHAT– Michael Munsun (NAVAIR, China Lake)


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References 1

• Current State-of-the-Art in Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, prepared by the MDO Technical Committee, January 1991

• J. P. Giesing and J.-F. M. Barthelemy, A Summary of Industry MDO Applications and Needs, AIAA-98-4737

• G. P.Guruswamy and S. Obayashi, Use of High Fidelity Methods in Multidisciplinary Optimization – A Preliminary Study, AIAA-2002-5638

• D. Monell, D. Mathias, J. Reuther, M. Garn, The Advanced Engineering Environment (AEE) Project for NASA’s NGLT Program, AIAA-2004-0202


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References 2

• J. R. Stewart and H. C. Edwards, Parallel adaptive application development using the SIERRA framework, in K.J. Bathe, ed., Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics. Proc. First MIT Conf., Cambridge, MA, 2001, Elsevier, Oxford, UK (2001), 1661-1664

• A. Carty, An Approach to Multidisciplinary Design, Analysis & Optimization for Rapid Conceptual Design, AIAA-2002-5438

• B. Staubach, Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, MDO, the Next Frontier of CAD/CAE in the Design of Aircraft Propulsion Systems, AIAA-2003-2803

• M. L. Baker, M. J. Munson, K. Y. Alston and G. W. Hoppus, Integrated Hypersonics Aeromechanics Tool (IHAT), AIAA-2003-6952

9/10/2015 1 engineering & technology management group engineering technology management tracking...

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