9. How did WWI end & what were the costs

of the war?

End• After years of

stalemate, US entered the war, gave the Allies a boost in morale

• March 1918—Russia drops out of war; Germans launch major offensive on the Western Front

• May 1918—German troops are stopped at the Marne by Allied Divisions

• June 1918—Austrian offensive defeated by combined French and British forces

• August 1918—British/American/French counterattack at Amiens supported by heavy artillery and tanks achieves major successes. “Black Day” for Germany.

• Sep. 1918—Allies launch major offensive—wiped out German forces at Saint-Mihiel

• Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated to a provisional government

• Nov. 11, 1918—at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month; armistice was signed

• Stopped German advance

• Turkey surrendered, then A-H

• German army began to disintegrate

• Kaiser Wilhelm forced to abdicate

• Armistice (cease-fire) 11th hour of 11th day of 11th month in 1918

Costs• ~10 million

soldiers/sailors• >20 million

civilians across Europe from starvation, disease, injuries

•Europe—physically & emotionally destroyed

Land was devastated

• Breakup of Empires

• Economies were ruined

• Armenian Genocide (reading)

10. What were the effects of the war?

• All of Europe was touched by it

• People did not want a war like it ever again

• Leaders such as Hitler, Mussolini will gain power

• U.S. became rich & powerful

Fourteen Points

• Woodrow Wilson’s plan for a lasting peace

• Treaty of Versailles

• Reparations

• War Guilt Clause

11. How did the Treaty of Versailles lay the

foundation for another international conflict?

How did the map change?

• 7 new countries were created out of land controlled by Russia, Germany & A-H