World War IIWorld War II1939-19451939-1945

APUSHAPUSHPart IPart I

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions::• How did the WWI peace settlement How did the WWI peace settlement

fail? fail? • Why doesn’t the United States want to Why doesn’t the United States want to be directly involved with European be directly involved with European affairs? affairs?

• What conflicts led to American What conflicts led to American Involvement in World War II? Involvement in World War II?

Between two wars Between two wars

Between WWI & WWII Europe is Between WWI & WWII Europe is devastated and must rebuild devastated and must rebuild

Why is it difficult for Germany to Why is it difficult for Germany to rebuild & recover after WWI? rebuild & recover after WWI?

Return of NationalismReturn of Nationalism

Peace from WWI does not lead to Peace from WWI does not lead to prosperity prosperity

Dictators gain power across Europe Dictators gain power across Europe as intense nationalism makes a as intense nationalism makes a comebackcomeback

Dictators want 2 things Dictators want 2 things

1.1. Prove superiority of their country Prove superiority of their country

2.2. Territorial expansion Territorial expansion

Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin Soviet UnionSoviet Union

““Man of steel” takes Man of steel” takes over in 1924over in 1924

CommunistCommunist, made , made agriculture & agriculture & industrial growth # 1industrial growth # 1

Economic activity was Economic activity was controlled by gov’tcontrolled by gov’t

Killed over 8 million Killed over 8 million people to accomplish people to accomplish goals goals

Est. a Est. a totalitariantotalitarian gov’tgov’t

Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin

Totalitarian:Totalitarian:

A government which maintains A government which maintains total/complete control over its total/complete control over its citizenscitizens

Citizens have little to no rights & the Citizens have little to no rights & the gov’t suppresses all oppositiongov’t suppresses all opposition

Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini Italy Italy

Italy devastated by Italy devastated by WWIWWI

Takes power in 1921Takes power in 1921 Est. a Est. a FascistFascist gov’t gov’t Used military to Used military to

force the King of force the King of Italy to appoint him Italy to appoint him head of Italian gov’t head of Italian gov’t

Crushed all Crushed all opposition opposition

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

Fascism Fascism

Extreme form of nationalism & Extreme form of nationalism & placed interest of the nation placed interest of the nation above individual needsabove individual needs

Power should reside with a single Power should reside with a single strong leader and a very small strong leader and a very small group of devoted party membersgroup of devoted party members

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler Germany Germany

Takes power in 1933 Takes power in 1933 in the midst of in the midst of economic depressioneconomic depression

Powerful public Powerful public speaker, joined Nazi speaker, joined Nazi party in 1919 and party in 1919 and worked his way to the worked his way to the toptop

Nazism is the German Nazism is the German brand of fascism brand of fascism

Aggressively spreads Aggressively spreads German influence all German influence all over Europeover Europe

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler

Japanese Militarists Japanese Militarists Hideki TojoHideki Tojo

Nationalistic military Nationalistic military leaders trying to take leaders trying to take over imperial gov’t of over imperial gov’t of JapanJapan

Wanted more territory Wanted more territory for a growing for a growing population population

Took over part of Took over part of China (Manchuria) in China (Manchuria) in 19311931

League of Nations is League of Nations is powerless to stop powerless to stop JapanJapan

Hideki Tojo Hideki Tojo

Francisco FrancoFrancisco FrancoSpain Spain

Led a fascist revolt Led a fascist revolt in Spainin Spain

Took over country Took over country in 1939 after a civil in 1939 after a civil war war

Hitler & Mussolini Hitler & Mussolini supported Franco’s supported Franco’s totalitarian gov’t totalitarian gov’t

Meanwhile Italy Meanwhile Italy invaded Ethiopia invaded Ethiopia

Francisco FrancoFrancisco Franco

American Isolationism American Isolationism

Americans do not want to be Americans do not want to be brought in to another large-scale brought in to another large-scale conflict like WWIconflict like WWI

Many Americans are against Many Americans are against intervention in Europe and Asia intervention in Europe and Asia

President Franklin D. Roosevelt is President Franklin D. Roosevelt is criticized for trying to end U.S. criticized for trying to end U.S. isolationismisolationism

Hitler & The Nazi Party Hitler & The Nazi Party

Many desperate Germans see Nazi’s Many desperate Germans see Nazi’s as their only hope as their only hope

Hitler had three goalsHitler had three goals1.1. Unite all German speaking people in a Unite all German speaking people in a

great empire great empire 2.2. Racially purify Germany: Aryans are Racially purify Germany: Aryans are

the master race all & other races are the master race all & other races are inferior inferior

3.3. National expansion: believed Germans National expansion: believed Germans were entitled to more territorywere entitled to more territory

War in Europe War in Europe

Hitler orders German military to take Hitler orders German military to take over Austria & Czechoslovakia over Austria & Czechoslovakia

Goal is to unite all German speaking Goal is to unite all German speaking peoples peoples

Instead of fighting back rest of Instead of fighting back rest of Europe is focused on Europe is focused on appeasementappeasement: : giving in to German demands giving in to German demands

Poland & eventually France are Poland & eventually France are invaded by the Nazis invaded by the Nazis

Soviet Neutrality Soviet Neutrality

U.S.S.R. and Germany sign a U.S.S.R. and Germany sign a non-non-aggressionaggression pact and promise not to fight pact and promise not to fight each other each other

Once enemies the two nations become Once enemies the two nations become allies allies

Hitler will break the pact and attack Hitler will break the pact and attack U.S.S.R, ending the alliance U.S.S.R, ending the alliance

The Holocaust The Holocaust Hitler wants to purify Hitler wants to purify

Germany/Europe of Germany/Europe of inferior races inferior races

Persecutes Jews, Persecutes Jews, Gypsies, & any non-Gypsies, & any non-white race white race

Millions put in Millions put in concentration camps concentration camps

What was Hitler’s final What was Hitler’s final solution? solution?

An estimated 11 An estimated 11 million civilians killed million civilians killed in Holocaust in Holocaust

End of Isolation End of Isolation

Despite best efforts U.S. cannot stay Despite best efforts U.S. cannot stay neutral during WWIIneutral during WWII

Cash-and-CarryCash-and-Carry: warring nations can : warring nations can buy U.S. arms as long as they pay cash buy U.S. arms as long as they pay cash and transport them in their own shipsand transport them in their own ships

Lend-Lease ActLend-Lease Act: passed by FDR to : passed by FDR to provide arms & supplies to “any country provide arms & supplies to “any country whose defense was vital to the U.S.”whose defense was vital to the U.S.”

Just like WWI, Britain & France needed Just like WWI, Britain & France needed help & U.S. would provide ithelp & U.S. would provide it

Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor

Japan attacks Pearl Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in 1941Harbor in 1941

Officially brings Officially brings U.S. into WWIIU.S. into WWII

Raid kills 2,403 Raid kills 2,403 people people

Nearly destroys Nearly destroys U.S. Pacific FleetU.S. Pacific Fleet

What is Japan’s What is Japan’s goal in attacking goal in attacking Pearl HarborPearl Harbor? ?