Country Report

9-11 September, Thimphu, Buthan

Kyaw Lwin OoDeputy Director

Department of Meteorology and Hydrologykyawlwinoo5@gmail.com

Submitted By

Regional Workshop on Implementation of

Weather and Climate-related Services in the

Least Developed Countries in Asia

Outline of the presentation1. Introduction

2. Organizational Chart

3. Mission and Basic Info of (full name of your NMHSs)

4. Network of Observations within NMHS (current status)

5. Network of Observations outside of Met Services (current status)

6. Data collection, representation, exchange and management

7. Data applications and examples

8. Key achievements, opportunities & challenges (strength, weakness, major

difficulty areas, potential risks, etc)

9. Future plans (new challenges and opportunities-forward looking)

10. Key recommendations

11. Summary

Myanmar• Myanmar, Agricultural based

developing Country.

• Application of weather and Climate

factors play an important role for

the Rice and other Food production,

Irrigation and Water Resource,

Transportation and other socio-

economic sectors.

• It enjoys the Southwest Monsoon.

Most of the areas receive 90% of

annual rainfall by Southwest

Monsoon season.

• Area: 677,000 square kilometer-

ranging 936 kilometers (581 miles)

from east to west and 2,051

kilometers from north to south.

• Population 51.4 Million (April 2014)

Weather and Climate services…..

• Weather data, forecasts & warnings: Public

goods.

• Save lives and properties.

• Support decision makers, policy makers.

• Strongly influence Transportation, Energy,

Health, Agriculture, Water supply, Irrigation,

Recreation, Research.

• Observing and understanding weather, climate and water resources as well as in providing meteorological, hydrological and related services in support of national needs such as:

• Protection of life and property

• Safeguarding the environment

• Contributing to national security and sustainable development

• Promotion capacity building

• Meeting international and regional commitments including support to WMO’s Programmes and activities.

• Contributing to international and regional cooperation.

Role of National Met Services ….

Myanmar’s Development Plan• Government of the Union of Myanmar is implementing all the sectors with

the policy such as sustaining agriculture development towards

industrialization and all round development, balanced and proportionate

development among states and regions, Inclusive growth for entire

population and Quality of statistics and statistical system.

• National Comprehensive Development Plan,

• Regular five-year plans,

• Annual Plans Framework for Economic and Social Reform.

• (3) Pillars of National Development Plan: Sectorial Plan: Agriculture,

Industrial, Infrastructure, Services, Others, Rural Development Plan,

Regional / Self Administrative Zones Development Plan. Government also

prioritized (7) sectors, such as electricity, Water Supply, Agriculture

development, Employment Creation, Tourism Development, Financial

Services and Trade and Investment.

64

39

17

o Automatic Weather Station 14

Network of Observations within Met Services

List and Types of Stations

SYNOP Station-(5) Observations per day

Aviation Met Station –Hourly Observations

Marine Observation-Nil

Radar Observation-Nil

Director

General

Deputy Director General

Director(Admin)

Director (Meteorology)

Director (Hydrology)

Director (Upper Myanmar)

Director(Lower Myanmar)

2010/2011 Myanmar Extreme Climate …Herald ?

• Extreme Temperature

• 47.2 °C

• Myinmu (Dry zone)

• 14 May 2010

• El Nino (Drought)

• Extreme Rainfall

• 29.10 Inches/12Hr

• Taungkok (Coastal)

• 21 July 2011

• Anti El Nino (Flood)

Different types of

Impacts on huge

Socio-Economic

Value and

Different Areas

Agriculture

History of Natural Disasters

• 2006 Apr Cyclone Mala

• 2008 May Cyclone Nargis

• 2010 Oct Cyclone GIRI

• 2011 Mar Tarlay Strong Earthquake

• 2011 JJA Heavy Rain & Floods

• 2011 Oct Pakokku Flash Flood

• 2012 JJA Lower/NE Myanmar Floods

• 2012 Nov Shwebo Strong Earthquake

• 2013 JJASO Heavy rain triggered secondary hazards.

• 2014 JAS Heavy rain triggered secondary hazards.

CountryArea IndexNbr IndexSubNbr StationName Lat Long Hp H/ha 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 ObsHs UA00 UA 06 UA12MYANMAR 48001 0 PUTAO 27 20N 97 25E 409 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48004 0 HKAMTI 26 00N 95 42E 146 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48008 0 MYITKYINA 25 22N 97 24E 147 145 X X X X X . X . PR . PMYANMAR 48010 0 HOMALIN 24 52N 94 55E 131 130 X X X X X . X . . . .MYANMAR 48017 0 PINLEBU 24 05N 95 22E 259 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48018 0 KATHA 24 10N 96 20E 95 113 X X X X X . X . . . .MYANMAR 48019 0 BHAMO 24 16N 97 12E 113 111 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48020 0 MAWLAIK 23 38N 94 25E 116 115 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48024 0 KALEMYO 23 12N 94 04E 152 X X X X X . . . P . PMYANMAR 48025 0 KALEWA 23 12N 94 18E 109 X X X X X . X . . . .MYANMAR 48030 0 HAKHA 22 39N 93 37E 1865 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48031 0 FALAM 22 55N 93 41E 1372 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48033 0 SHWEBO 22 35N 95 43E 110 106 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48034 0 MOGOKE 22 55N 96 30E 1175 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48035 0 LASHIO 22 56N 97 45E 749 747 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48036 0 GANGAW 22 10N 94 08E 214 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48037 0 MONYWA 22 06N 95 08E 82 81 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48039 0 SAGAING 21 52N 95 57E 74 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48040 0 HSIPAW 22 36N 97 18E 436 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48042 0 MANDALAY 21 59N 96 06E 76 74 X X X X X . X . . . .MYANMAR 48043 0 PYINOOLWIN 22 01N 96 27E 1078 X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48045 0 MINDAT 21 23N 93 57E 1395 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48047 0 MYINGYAN 21 28N 95 23E 60 X X . . X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48048 0 NYAUNG-U 21 12N 94 55E 55 61 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48051 0 KYAUKTAW 20 51N 92 38E 3 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48052 0 CHAUK 20 52N 94 49E 81 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48053 0 MEIKTILA 20 50N 95 50E 220 214 X X X X X X H00-12 PR . PMYANMAR 48055 0 NAMSAM 20 53N 97 43E 981 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48057 0 TAUNGGYI 20 47N 97 03E 1436 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48058 0 LOILEM 20 55N 97 33E 1355 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48060 0 KENGTUNG 21 18N 99 37E 828 827 X X X X X . X . P . PMYANMAR 48062 0 SITTWE 20 08N 92 53E 5 4 X X X X X . X . H00-12 PR . PMYANMAR 48064 0 MINBU 20 10N 94 53E 51 48 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48065 0 MAGWAY 20 08N 94 57E 75 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48067 0 YAMETHIN 20 25N 96 09E 199 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48068 0 PINLAUNG 20 08N 96 46E 1463 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48070 0 MONGHSAT 20 33N 99 16E 572 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48071 0 KYAUKPYU 19 25N 93 33E 5 5 X X X X X . X . P . PMYANMAR 48072 0 MANAUNG 18 51N 93 44E 9 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48074 0 PYINMANA 19 43N 96 13E 104 101 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48075 0 LOIKAW 19 41N 97 13E 894 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48077 0 PROME 18 48N 95 13E 60 58 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48078 0 TOUNGOO 18 55N 96 28E 49 47 X X X X X . . . P . PMYANMAR 48080 0 SANDOWAY 18 28N 94 21E 11 9 X X X X X . X . P . PMYANMAR 48085 0 GWA 17 35N 94 35E 3 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48087 0 HINTHADA 17 40N 95 25E 25 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48088 0 THARRAWADDY 17 38N 95 48E 15 15 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48089 0 SHWEGYIN 17 55N 96 52E 14 12 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48090 0 PAPUN 18 04N 97 27E 97 95 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48092 0 HMAWBI 17 06N 96 01E 12 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48093 0 BAGO 17 20N 96 30E 15 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48094 0 PATHEIN 16 46N 94 46E 10 9 X X X X X . X . P . PMYANMAR 48095 0 MAUBIN 16 44N 95 39E 5 3 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48096 0 MINGALADON 16 54N 96 11E 29 28 X X X X X X S00-24 . . .MYANMAR 48097 0 YANGON 16 46N 96 10E 15 14 X X X X X X PR . PMYANMAR 48098 0 THATON 16 55N 97 22E 17 X X X X X . . . . . .MYANMAR 48099 0 HPAAN 16 45N 97 40E 10 9 X X X X X . X . . . .MYANMAR 48101 0 PHYAPON 16 16N 95 40E 2 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48103 0 MAWLAMYINE 16 30N 97 37E 22 21 X X X X X . . . . .MYANMAR 48107 0 YE 15 15N 97 52E 7 3 X X X X X . . .MYANMAR 48108 0 DAWEI 14 06N 98 13E 17 16 X X X X X . X . PR . PMYANMAR 48109 0 COCO ISLAND 14 07N 93 22E 3 2 X X X X X . X . P . PMYANMAR 48110 0 MERGUI 12 26N 98 36E 37 36 X X X X X . X . H00-12 P . PMYANMAR 48112 0 VICTORIA POINT 09 58N 98 35E 47 46 X X X X X . X . P . P

The system was fully operational

after Japan’s JICA project on

development of Storm forecasting

2010-2012. And support to aviation,

marine and public weather services.

Current Capacities- Warning Dissemination System

Early Warning

AuthorityMinistry/

DepartmentRegional

DMHMedia

Higher Authorities

Local Government

Air/Navy

Administration

Health

Social & Relief

Transport

Agro/Irrigation

Local Government

Local Departments

Local MNGOs

Televisions

Newspapers

Radios/FMs

Website/Hotline

Phone/Fax

Local Commands

Security

INGOs/MNGOs

Facebook

Graphic

Text

Raw Data

Satellite data

Local Reports

Text Format

Graphic

Audio/Visual

Format

Analysis

Interpret

Discuss

+

Experience

Severe Weather Information

Input and Output

Table

Ongoing Activities1. The Project for Establishment of Disastrous Weather Monitoring System

JICA.(3 Radars/30 AWOS)

2. END TO END EARLY WARNING SYSTEM WITH JIAC. (Effective Warning , Tidal gauge)

3. ESCAP-RIMES Project on Strengthening of Myanmar Multi hazards Early

Warning System June 2013- Nov 2014 with RIMES.(support capacity &

capability )

4. Strengthening Capacity Development Program with Norwegian

Meteorological Institute Met.no and ADPC. (Climate Data Application/

RClimdex/ Diana Model/WRF Model Training/PRECIS Model /JMA Storm

Surge Model /ANUSPLIN/SURFER)

Key Challenge: Gap Analysis

Parameters• Observing and monitoring system

• Data processing and management

• Prediction and forecasting

• Bulletin development

• Dissemination system

Analysis of gaps and related impacts:

Observing and monitoring system

• Existing observational networks and data availability is the major

challenges to generate real time weather information and warning.

• During the time of very high impact weather system, i.e severe cyclone,

lack of accurate surface wind speed observations from coastal regional

station, delayed and inaccurate warning.

• Lack of Upper Air observations results poor quality of Aviation weather

forecast. Coastal weather observations, wave height and swell are

necessary for the marine forecast and bulletin.

• Most of the time, large error in wave forecast and actual report from a

vessel. Process of Standardization of weather instruments is not

systematic for the long time.

• So, accuracy and quality of weather observations reduced. It will defect

the long term climate data. Lack of calibrated weather instruments in

Aviation weather observatories also affect the air operation.

Analysis of gaps and related impacts:

Data processing and management

• Lack of computerized data exchanged system among regionaloffice, remote stations and Head Office.

• Observations reports are delayed in some station due to electricpower, solar power, and telephone line busy.

• So real time weather observations should not disseminate in realtime manner to the GTS via Head Office.

• During severe weather time, hourly observations are critical for thegeneration of Early Warning, most of weather stations need to setup such a good communication links to exchange observations,forecasts and other instructions.

• Climate data archiving system need to improve systematically bothhard and soft data.

• Quality Control of Climate data and reports should be emphasized.Weak control and check system in GTS Message Switching System.

Analysis of gaps and related impacts:

Prediction and forecasting• Shortage of skilled man power and advanced computing

facilities caused in accurate warning and information. Skillsof Forecasters and observers are essential during thewarning generation process.

• Utilization of Useful Software to support the weatherforecast and seasonal weather forecast is still not yetdeveloped.

• Shortage of Forecasters and Senior Forecasters is one thegap to maintain quality of forecast products.

• (24) Hour Shift Duty made dull and heavy duty duringsevere weather and special weather events may resultsome of the Forecasters and/or their member madeerror/ignorance,etc.

Analysis of gaps and related impacts:

Bulletin Development

• Accurate and timely warning generation for Severe weather and

other high impact weather phenomenon still remain many

challenges due to the observation system and networks, advanced

instruments, high resolution satellite images, AWOS, Radar, Upper

Wind, Wave measurement.

• Tele-communication and Networking speed is currently very slow

and poor connection cause delayed information on Website

uploading, data downloading, information compilation and running

the NWP Model.

• A few numbers of well-trained Cyclone Forecasters were highly

confused with other responsibilities during emergency color. It can

be biased on their decisions.

Analysis of gaps and related impacts: Limited number of technical

staffs and experts, advanced communication system and financial

support are the main points and no operational system for the

feedback response and evaluation procedures.

On-going and planned capacity building initiatives by other

organizations: Project with RIMES, ADPC and Norwegian

Meteorological Services has been carried out and link with the local

people from selected pilot sites.

Recommendations to address gaps, including opportunities for

research :DMH need to establish a feedback receiving system. i.e

phone, email, social network, face book, website, laws.

Analysis of gaps and related impacts:Dissemination system

Our Future Plan …..

• To set up modernized weather instruments for

aviation, marine, agro-met, public weather

services with upper air, radiation, sunshine, high

gust anemometer, Radar, AWOS, high resolution

satellite images, ocean buoy, High computing

facilities, hardware, software.

• To enhance weather and climate services, data

management center, observation networks.

• Develop humanware:Qualified Human Resources.

• Methods of standardization on weather instruments, operating procedures, weather instruments, weather

stations, method of exchanging weather observations and warning system should be carried out to strengthen

quality assurance meteorological observation system, which will benefit to the specific users and general

public.

• Meteorological data handling and graphical visualization works are necessary to set up.

• Currently, no activities on going about the Meteorological data handling and graphical visualization works

including printing weather maps, upper air charts with advanced printers.

• Communication system among local, regional and Head office should be upgraded.

• Concerned Staffs and technicians should be conducted for meteorological instruments maintenance,

calibration, standardization, coding, decoding, dissemination procedures. Forecasting and prediction

techniques should be developed including daily weather forecast, aviation weather, medium range weather,

ensemble forecast, seasonal weather forecast.

• Methods of climate application, climate change analysis, Radar data, Automatic Weather Observation Systems

and calibration on weather instrument should be conducted.

• DMH need to set up a regular program for fellowship study in abroad for advanced theory and practical

knowledge.

• On Job Training and Hands On Training Program should be performed regularly both DMH itself and abroad.

• To set up the policies and guidelines on specialized technicians and professionals for each sectors of

Meteorology (Satellite, Weather Forecast, Climate, NWP, Instruments, Aviation weather, marine weather.

• DMH need to establish a feedback receiving system. i.e phone, email, social network, face book, website.

• DMH also need to emphasize the Instrument calibration.

• DMH need to share experience and knowledge of Meteorological Law.