8:1● Progressivism

● Reaction to laisez-faire economics● Government should take a more active role● Faith in science and technology

8:1● Muckrakers

● Journalists who investigated corruption– In government, industry

● Jacob Riis– Poverty, disease, and crime of cities

8:1● Making Government More Efficient

● “The Principles of Scientific Management”– Frederick W. Taylor– Government should operate on business principles

8:1● Robert La Follette

● Republican governor of Wisconsin● Wisconsin became model for progressive reform● Reforms:

– Direct primary: all party members could vote for candidate to run in general election

8:1● Reforms (cont'd)

● Initiative: citizens could introduce legislation● Referendum: citizens could vote on a proposed law● Recall: remove an elected official from office

8:1● Direct Election of Senators

● Senators were appointed by state legislatures● 17th Amendment (1913): voters will elect Senators

8:1● Suffrage: the right to vote● States began granting women the right to vote● 19th Amendment (1920): women have right to

vote

8:1● Child Labor

● “The Bitter Cry of the Children” -John Spargo

● Health and Safety Codes● Lochner v New York (1905)● Muller v Oregon (1908)

– Government can regulate business

● Alcohol● Prohibition: ban the manufacture, sale, and

consumption of alcohol

8:1