A Call For Change – A Call For Change – ProgressivismProgressivism ProgressivismProgressivism: movement that : movement that

attempted to change society politically & attempted to change society politically & socially.socially.

• Anti-MonopolyAnti-Monopoly

1.1. Monopolies had too much powerMonopolies had too much power

2.2. Government needs to be involvedGovernment needs to be involved

Who were the Progressives?Who were the Progressives? It was an It was an urban movementurban movement led by social led by social

workers, newspaper reporters, teachers, workers, newspaper reporters, teachers, professionals, and business people.professionals, and business people.

Urban version of populismUrban version of populism

Progressive AmendmentsProgressive Amendments

1.1. 1616thth Amendment- Amendment- Federal Federal Income TaxIncome Tax

2.2. 1717thth Amendment- Amendment- election election of senators by the peopleof senators by the people

3.3. 1818thth Amendment- Amendment- prohibitionprohibition

4.4. 1919thth Amendment- Amendment- gave gave women the right to votewomen the right to vote

What did they want?What did they want?******wanted reforms for societywanted reforms for society******

List of threats to society were:List of threats to society were:

11) Most of country's wealth in a few hands) Most of country's wealth in a few hands

22) Control of immigrants' votes in cities by ) Control of immigrants' votes in cities by politicianspoliticians

33) passage of laws improving working conditions) passage of laws improving working conditions

44) passage of laws ending child labor) passage of laws ending child labor

55) passage of laws improving food industry) passage of laws improving food industry

66) passage of laws improving slum housing) passage of laws improving slum housing

77) regulation of the monopolies) regulation of the monopolies

88) stricter standards of morality) stricter standards of morality

99) political reform) political reform

Roosevelt and MuckrakersRoosevelt and Muckrakers MuckrakerMuckraker- Person - Person

who looks for corruption who looks for corruption on the part of public on the part of public officials or business and officials or business and exposes it to the public.exposes it to the public. Wrote about Wrote about

corruption in Americacorruption in America Teddy Roosevelt gave Teddy Roosevelt gave

them their namethem their name

Ida TarbellIda Tarbell

She became best She became best known for known for The The History of the History of the Standard Oil Standard Oil CompanyCompany (1904). (1904). Written about how Written about how Rockefeller’s oil Rockefeller’s oil company put small company put small businesses under.businesses under.

Upton Sinclair: Upton Sinclair: The JungleThe Jungle During the Industrial Revolution in America we During the Industrial Revolution in America we

increased our beef output because of increased our beef output because of refrigerated railcars. refrigerated railcars.

Initial GoalInitial Goal: observe immigrant workers in : observe immigrant workers in meatpacking industrymeatpacking industry

Wanted to show the filth and corruption of the Wanted to show the filth and corruption of the meat packing industry.meat packing industry.

He told how dead rats were shoveled into He told how dead rats were shoveled into sausage-grinding machines.sausage-grinding machines.

How bribed inspectors looked the other way How bribed inspectors looked the other way when diseased cows were slaughtered for when diseased cows were slaughtered for beef, and how filth and guts were swept off beef, and how filth and guts were swept off the floor and packaged as "potted ham."the floor and packaged as "potted ham."

Progressivism EQ #1Progressivism EQ #11.1. Define Progressivism. Describe 2 Define Progressivism. Describe 2

Progressive beliefs towards monopolies.Progressive beliefs towards monopolies.2.2. List and Describe 4 Progressive List and Describe 4 Progressive

Amendments.Amendments.3.3. List 5 threats to society that Progressives List 5 threats to society that Progressives

were concerned with.were concerned with.4.4. What is a muckraker? Who gave them What is a muckraker? Who gave them

their name?their name?5.5. Why is Ida Tarbell a well known Why is Ida Tarbell a well known

muckraker?muckraker?6.6. How did the Industrial Revolution impact How did the Industrial Revolution impact

the meatpacking industry?the meatpacking industry?7.7. What was the initial goal of What was the initial goal of The Jungle?The Jungle?

Explain how that goal changed. Explain how that goal changed.

Advances for WorkersAdvances for Workers ******reform came after industrialization***reform came after industrialization***

Working conditions were harsh & there was no Working conditions were harsh & there was no unemployment insurance, disability pay, or unemployment insurance, disability pay, or retirement pensions.retirement pensions.

Meat Inspection Act-Meat Inspection Act- created a federal meat created a federal meat inspection program.inspection program. Response to Response to The JungleThe Jungle

Women Reform:Women Reform: Pre-Civil War- “cult of Pre-Civil War- “cult of domesticity”domesticity”

Farm Women: South and MidwestFarm Women: South and Midwest Gender roles stayed the sameGender roles stayed the same

Domestic Workers: NortheastDomestic Workers: Northeast Poverty causes women to workPoverty causes women to work Maids, cooks, servantsMaids, cooks, servants

Women SuffrageWomen Suffrage Define: the right to voteDefine: the right to vote

a.a. 1414thth and 15 and 15thth amendment split women amendment split women reformersreformers

b.b. Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony– Opposed amendmentsOpposed amendments

because they excludedbecause they excluded

Women.Women.– ““Suzy B’s”Suzy B’s”

3.3. Suffrage for WomenSuffrage for Women

a.a. Women become impatientWomen become impatient Male immigrants Male immigrants

immediately granted immediately granted citizenshipcitizenship

E.E. Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights1.1. WWI plays huge WWI plays huge

role in voting role in voting rights for rights for women.women.

2.2. 1919thth Amendment: Amendment: gave women the gave women the right to vote.right to vote.

Labor unionsLabor unions tried to improve these tried to improve these things by bargaining, striking, or things by bargaining, striking, or boycottingboycotting

progressive reformers didn't care for progressive reformers didn't care for labor union leaderslabor union leaders

**Accomplishments of the progressive **Accomplishments of the progressive reformersreformers::

passage of minimum wage laws for passage of minimum wage laws for women in 12 stateswomen in 12 states

industrial accident insurance in 30 statesindustrial accident insurance in 30 states child labor laws in some states child labor laws in some states

The Triangle Shirtwaist FireThe Triangle Shirtwaist Fire sometimes it took tragedy to bring sometimes it took tragedy to bring

reformreform fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in

NY City in 1911 is a good exampleNY City in 1911 is a good example resulted in creation of the NY State resulted in creation of the NY State

Factory CommissionFactory Commission it created laws regulating working & it created laws regulating working &

safety conditions, wages, and hourssafety conditions, wages, and hours became a model of progressive reform became a model of progressive reform

for other statesfor other states

Reforming SocietyReforming Society- four areas were targeted- four areas were targeted

1) 1) City LifeCity Life garbage collectiongarbage collection better housingbetter housing improvements in public educationimprovements in public education funding for hospitals to treat funding for hospitals to treat

tuberculosistuberculosis building of playgroundsbuilding of playgrounds city planning (city beautiful movement)city planning (city beautiful movement)

2) 2) Moral ReformMoral Reform wanted to clean up “immoral behavior”wanted to clean up “immoral behavior”

Drinking on SundayDrinking on Sunday called for called for prohibitionprohibition: manufacture, : manufacture,

import transportation, export, and sale import transportation, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted or of alcoholic beverages is restricted or illegal. illegal.

led to passage of led to passage of 18th Amendment18th Amendment (1918)(1918)

censorship of moviescensorship of movies

3) 3) Racial DiscriminationRacial Discrimination Reformers overlooked the nation's 10 Reformers overlooked the nation's 10

million African Americansmillion African Americans Whites believed they were superior to Whites believed they were superior to

minoritiesminorities Most minorities were ignoredMost minorities were ignored Muckrakers continued to expose Muckrakers continued to expose

discrimination & other racial problems discrimination & other racial problems continuecontinue

NAACPNAACP was formed in 1909 was formed in 1909 purpose was to protect the rights of African purpose was to protect the rights of African

AmericansAmericans used the legal system to attack racial oppressionused the legal system to attack racial oppression defended African Americans arrested on defended African Americans arrested on

questionable evidencequestionable evidence investigated race riots & lynchingsinvestigated race riots & lynchings fought for a federal anti-lynching lawfought for a federal anti-lynching law

National Urban LeagueNational Urban League worked to improve job opportunities & housingworked to improve job opportunities & housing

***Two black leaders emerged******Two black leaders emerged*** Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington W.E.B. Du BoisW.E.B. Du Bois

Progressivism EQ’s #2Progressivism EQ’s #21.1. Explain the significance of the Triangle Explain the significance of the Triangle

Shirtwaist Fire.Shirtwaist Fire.

2.2. Discuss City Reform and Moral Reform Discuss City Reform and Moral Reform during Progressivism.during Progressivism.

3.3. Discuss the issue of Labor Reform during Discuss the issue of Labor Reform during Progressivism.Progressivism.

4.4. Define Suffrage. Explain why women Define Suffrage. Explain why women such as Susan B. Anthony were so upset such as Susan B. Anthony were so upset during Progressivism.during Progressivism.

5.5. In terms of labor, discuss specific reforms In terms of labor, discuss specific reforms that were made during Progressivism. that were made during Progressivism. Discuss the Meat Inspection Act.Discuss the Meat Inspection Act.

Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington Washington advocated blacks accepting their Washington advocated blacks accepting their

inferior social statusinferior social status supported supported vocational trainingvocational training & &

economic self-relianceeconomic self-reliance to raise their to raise their economic statuseconomic status

believed political & social equality would believed political & social equality would come after economic equality was achievedcome after economic equality was achieved

believed Americans should learn to be “believed Americans should learn to be “one one as the hand but separate as the as the hand but separate as the fingersfingers””

was president of the was president of the Tuskegee InstituteTuskegee Instituteprovided agricultural & industrial trainingprovided agricultural & industrial training

Du BoisDu Bois Advocated fighting for Advocated fighting for complete equal complete equal

rightsrights was a founder of the NAACPwas a founder of the NAACP wanted to use the legal system to fight & wanted to use the legal system to fight &

achieve immediate political, social, & achieve immediate political, social, & economic equalityeconomic equality

was a more militant leader than was a more militant leader than WashingtonWashington

4) 4) ImmigrantsImmigrants •most found improvements thru actions of most found improvements thru actions of political bosses---continued corruptionpolitical bosses---continued corruption•found assistance in settlement housesfound assistance in settlement houses•also benefited from improved housing & also benefited from improved housing & business lawsbusiness laws

Government ReformGovernment Reform Progressives had 2 approaches to removing govt. Progressives had 2 approaches to removing govt.

corruption corruption

1) give common people a greater voice in govt.1) give common people a greater voice in govt.

2) hire experts to make govt. more efficient2) hire experts to make govt. more efficient Reforms in Reforms in WisconsinWisconsin under under Robert La FolletteRobert La Follette

Initiative:Initiative: bill initiated by the people bill initiated by the people Referendum:Referendum: a vote on the initiative a vote on the initiative Recall Election:Recall Election: voters can remove public officials voters can remove public officials

w/electionw/election

Laws resulting from progressive ideas Laws resulting from progressive ideas 16th Amendment – graduated personal income tax16th Amendment – graduated personal income tax 17th Amendment – direct election of U.S. Senators17th Amendment – direct election of U.S. Senators 18th Amendment – Prohibition18th Amendment – Prohibition

Theodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltA.A. Prelude to a PresidentPrelude to a President

1.1. Roosevelt family=wealthyRoosevelt family=wealthy

2.2. Asthma as a childAsthma as a child

3.3. Enjoyed an active lifestyleEnjoyed an active lifestyle

B.B. Early Political and Military CareerEarly Political and Military Career

1.1. New York PoliticsNew York Politics

2.2. New York City CommissionerNew York City Commissioner 3.3. Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War

Resigns from Navy to serve as lieutenant Resigns from Navy to serve as lieutenant colonelcolonel

““Rough Riders”- volunteer regiment led Rough Riders”- volunteer regiment led by TRby TR

Lifestyle while PresidentLifestyle while President

Boxed professionalsBoxed professionals Hunted exotic animalsHunted exotic animals ““In life, as in a football game, the In life, as in a football game, the

principle is to hit the line hard”principle is to hit the line hard”The First Modern PresidentThe First Modern President

Recognizable to the publicRecognizable to the public Serve the peopleServe the people Fight big businessFight big business Spoke like a Spoke like a PopulistPopulist: a politician : a politician

whose actions connect with the publicwhose actions connect with the public

Government Regulate Business?Government Regulate Business? T.R. believed in the T.R. believed in the free enterprise systemfree enterprise system

welcomed the growth of industrywelcomed the growth of industry believed many large businesses made good believed many large businesses made good

economic senseeconomic sense T.R. was called a T.R. was called a “trust buster”“trust buster” Opposed only what he considered “bad” Opposed only what he considered “bad”

truststrusts Believed trusts limited fair competition by Believed trusts limited fair competition by

their conduct, not sizetheir conduct, not size Went after Beef, Oil, Tobacco, and RailroadWent after Beef, Oil, Tobacco, and Railroad 1900: trusts controlled 80% of the industries 1900: trusts controlled 80% of the industries

in U.S.in U.S.

T.R.’s Square DealT.R.’s Square Deal Square DealSquare Deal: progressive reforms designed : progressive reforms designed

to protect people from big businesses.to protect people from big businesses. Based on a strong federal government.Based on a strong federal government. 1902 Coal Strike1902 Coal Strike: : 140,000 workers 140,000 workers

strikestrike George Baer refused to meetGeorge Baer refused to meet Commission by federal government grants Commission by federal government grants

miners 10% pay increase, shorter daysminers 10% pay increase, shorter days Roosevelt’s actions proved…Roosevelt’s actions proved…

Federal gov’t will interveneFederal gov’t will intervene Disputes could be settled via Disputes could be settled via

commissioncommission

Congressional ActionCongressional Action T.R. read T.R. read The JungleThe Jungle Remembered that during the Spanish-American Remembered that during the Spanish-American

War hundreds of soldiers died from eating War hundreds of soldiers died from eating tainted meattainted meat

he called for a federal investigation of the he called for a federal investigation of the meatpacking plantsmeatpacking plants

Meat Inspection Act of 1906:Meat Inspection Act of 1906: set health & set health & sanitary standards for all phases of the sanitary standards for all phases of the interstate meatpacking industryinterstate meatpacking industry

Investigations in other industries found that Investigations in other industries found that harmful dyes, chemicals, & filth were harmful dyes, chemicals, & filth were contaminating canned goodscontaminating canned goods

Misleading advertising in the drug industry was Misleading advertising in the drug industry was pointed outpointed out

Pure Food & Drug Act in 1906Pure Food & Drug Act in 1906: barred the use : barred the use of harmful additives in foods & banned false of harmful additives in foods & banned false advertisement for drugsadvertisement for drugs

T.R. The ReformerT.R. The ReformerMany demanded stricter regulation of RR'sMany demanded stricter regulation of RR's Elkins ActElkins Act: RR officials could not give shippers : RR officials could not give shippers

rebates for using particular railroads.rebates for using particular railroads. Hepburn Act:Hepburn Act: was passed in 1906 that allowed was passed in 1906 that allowed

the ICC to block unreasonable freight ratesthe ICC to block unreasonable freight ratesRoosevelt and the EnvironmentRoosevelt and the Environment T.R. was involved in the conservation movementT.R. was involved in the conservation movement Recognized U.S. lands being abused by Recognized U.S. lands being abused by

businessesbusinesses As president, he committed the U.S. govt. to As president, he committed the U.S. govt. to

conservationconservation Congress created national parks & wildlife Congress created national parks & wildlife

sanctuariessanctuaries Congress provided $ for Congress provided $ for reclamationreclamation of of

damaged landsdamaged lands

T.R. Essential QuestionsT.R. Essential Questions1.1. How did the government under T.R. handle How did the government under T.R. handle

corruption issues with the railroads?corruption issues with the railroads?2.2. Explain T.R.’s response to reading Explain T.R.’s response to reading The The

JungleJungle. Discuss results.. Discuss results.3.3. Explain the role of T.R. in the conservation Explain the role of T.R. in the conservation

effort.effort.4.4. What was T.R.’s “Square Deal?” How is he What was T.R.’s “Square Deal?” How is he

considered to be a populist?considered to be a populist?5.5. Describe the events of the 1902 Coal Describe the events of the 1902 Coal

Strike. What did this event prove about Strike. What did this event prove about T.R.?T.R.?

6.6. Discuss why we say that T.R. is considered Discuss why we say that T.R. is considered to be the first “Modern President?”to be the first “Modern President?”

Election of 1908Election of 1908 Taft became T.R.’s successor as presidentTaft became T.R.’s successor as president Continued T.R.’s progressive reformsContinued T.R.’s progressive reforms Broke up twice the number of trusts as T.R.Broke up twice the number of trusts as T.R. Appeared too weak toward conservationAppeared too weak toward conservation Taft generally was not the politician T.R. wasTaft generally was not the politician T.R. was

19101910- T.R. returned from a safari trip to promote - T.R. returned from a safari trip to promote his own ideashis own ideas

New idea was called New idea was called New NationalismNew Nationalism promoted laws to protect workers, ensure public promoted laws to protect workers, ensure public

health, & regulate businesshealth, & regulate business

1912-1912- T.R. had decided to run for president again T.R. had decided to run for president again Formed his own party called the Formed his own party called the Progressive Progressive

PartyParty or or Bull Moose PartyBull Moose Party

Election of 1912Election of 1912: four major candidates: four major candidates Taft (R), T.R. (BM/P), Wilson (D), Debs (S)Taft (R), T.R. (BM/P), Wilson (D), Debs (S) Democrats were nearly guaranteed Democrats were nearly guaranteed

victory w/ split in Republican partyvictory w/ split in Republican party Wilson promoted reforms: Wilson promoted reforms: New FreedomNew Freedom

Promoted laws to help small businessesPromoted laws to help small businesses Called for a return to an America free from Called for a return to an America free from

the domination of big business and govt.the domination of big business and govt. Wilson wonWilson won the election overwhelminglythe election overwhelmingly Election was a defeat for the Progressive Election was a defeat for the Progressive

Party but not for reform—still at the top Party but not for reform—still at the top of the nation's agendaof the nation's agenda

Wilson’s ReformsWilson’s Reforms: Based on New Freedom : Based on New Freedom ideas. Priorities were banking reform & anti-ideas. Priorities were banking reform & anti-trust legislationtrust legislation

1. Banking Reform1. Banking Reform: Recession in 1907: Recession in 1907 Disagreement about whether banks should be Disagreement about whether banks should be

controlled by private owners or by the govt.controlled by private owners or by the govt. Compromise resulted in the Compromise resulted in the Federal Reserve Federal Reserve

Act of 1913Act of 1913 Divided the nation into 12 districtsDivided the nation into 12 districts A federal reserve bank was in each districtA federal reserve bank was in each district Local banks owned the federal reserve banks Local banks owned the federal reserve banks

& deposited a percentage of their money in & deposited a percentage of their money in themthem

Federal Reserve Board was created to Federal Reserve Board was created to oversee banking nationwideoversee banking nationwide

Controlled the banking system by setting interest Controlled the banking system by setting interest rates on loans made by the fed. reserve banks to rates on loans made by the fed. reserve banks to member banksmember banks

Interest rates could expand the money supply or Interest rates could expand the money supply or cause it to shrinkcause it to shrink

Helped businesses to thrive & the economy to Helped businesses to thrive & the economy to growgrow

2. Big Business2. Big Business Wilson wanted to further regulate big businessesWilson wanted to further regulate big businesses Wanted to primarily limit power of monopoliesWanted to primarily limit power of monopolies Led to passage of the Led to passage of the Clayton Anti-trust ActClayton Anti-trust Act

(1914)(1914) Extension of the Sherman Anti-trust ActExtension of the Sherman Anti-trust Act Stated more clearly what corporations could and Stated more clearly what corporations could and

could not do as legal business practicescould not do as legal business practices

Suffrage for Suffrage for WomenWomen Women become impatientWomen become impatient

Male immigrants immediately Male immigrants immediately granted citizenshipgranted citizenship

1.1. WWI plays huge WWI plays huge role in voting role in voting rights for women.rights for women.

1.1. Work in factoriesWork in factories

2.2. Taking care of Taking care of the homethe home

3.3. Deserve EqualityDeserve Equality

2.2. Women are Women are demanding demanding rights.rights.

The Final Social FrontierThe Final Social FrontierWomen's SuffrageWomen's Suffrage The last major reform of the Progressive The last major reform of the Progressive

Movement was theMovement was the 19th Amendment19th Amendment (approved in 1919) (approved in 1919)

officially gave women the right to vote officially gave women the right to vote throughout the nation in 1920throughout the nation in 1920

72 yrs. after the first women's rights 72 yrs. after the first women's rights convention, women had achieved equal convention, women had achieved equal rights as citizens of the U.S. rights as citizens of the U.S.

The End of an EraThe End of an Era 1900--1920, progressives had accomplished much1900--1920, progressives had accomplished much Made politics less corrupt & more democraticMade politics less corrupt & more democratic Economic justice for all types of workersEconomic justice for all types of workers Govt. had turned away from its laissez-faire attitudeGovt. had turned away from its laissez-faire attitude Congress built an impressive record of legislationCongress built an impressive record of legislation Women gained the right to voteWomen gained the right to vote Although gains were made in many areas, all of the Although gains were made in many areas, all of the

problems were not totally gone– specifically racial problems were not totally gone– specifically racial issues.issues.

1917, 1917, war in Europewar in Europe replaced everything else as replaced everything else as the focus of public lifethe focus of public life Specific Question: What role should the U.S. play????Specific Question: What role should the U.S. play????