C.13 the Rise of Progressivism

The Birth of Progressivism

• We will Explain the origins and accomplishments of the Progressive Movement and Analyze the efforts to achieve women’s suffrage and other reforms in the early 20th century

• Video Notes: 1:00

Birth of the Progressive Era 1min.

• 1. Why did the progressives believe that strong government action was the only way to tackle the social and economic problems of industrialization? (traditionally Americans had depended on voluntary solutions)

• 2. Why were women so critical to the successes of the progressive movement?• 3. Why was TR such a popular progressive leader? (How did he sound more like a reformer than he actually was?)

• 4. To what extent was progressivism really a conservative, middle class reform that did not really reflect the interests or concerns of the working class and the poor? (Conservation and the environment reflected the perspectives of the affluent)

Progressives Programs 5:00

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

TIME LINE OF THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT

• 1893 Anti-Saloon League founded • 1895 Booker T. Washington gives Atlanta Compromise

speech– "cast down their bucket"

• 1903 Women's Trade Union League founded• 1905 Niagara Movement promotes African American rights• 1906 San Francisco earthquake•  Meat Inspection Act•  Pure Food and Drug Act• 1909 NAACP founded• 1911 Society of American Indians founded•  Triangle Shirtwaist fire• 1914 Federal Trade Commission created•  Clayton Anti-Trust Act• 1917 -1918 WWI Great Migration• 1919 Eighteenth Amendment (Prohibition) ratified• 1920 Nineteenth Amendment (federal woman suffrage)

ratified• 1929 League of United Latin American Citizens founded

U.S. History 2.7.12

• Return– Assignment #1

• 1. T.R.– the Progressive PresidentInfo– Video– From Cattleman to Cleaning up the Meat industry

• 2. Clock Buddies– Review– T.R.• 3. We will finish and turn in Assignment #2

Friday– and then…….

T.R. 6:09

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle 2:37

History of Food Safety: 2:37

Muckrackers

Goo

Goos

Temperance

Suffragettes

Populists

Midclass

Women

Labor

Unions

Civil

Rights

Early Voices of Reform 3:54

2nd Great Awakeni

ng

Antebellum Reforms

[1810s-1850s]

CCIIVVIIL

WAR

Populism[1870s-1890s]

Social Gospel

Progressivism

[1890s-1920]

1920s Revivalis

m

New Deal[1930s-1940s]

1950sRevivalis

m

Great Society

&1960s Social

Movements

ChristianEvangelica

lMovement

CCOONNSSEERRVVAATTIIVVEE

RREEVVOOLLUUTTIIOONN

The “Culture Wars”:The Pendulum of Right v. Left

The “Culture Wars”:The Pendulum of Right v. Left

Liberalism—what is it and where does it come from?

• Locke → Jeffersonian Democracy (1800s) → Jacksonian Democracy (1830s) → Reform Movement → (1840s and 1850s) Grange (Farmer’s Alliance) after Civil War → Populists (1892) → Progressives (1900-1920) → New Deal (FDR, 1933-1945) → Fair Deal (Truman, 1945-1953) → New Frontier (1961-1963) →Great Society (1963-1969)

Lesson 2- Liberalism

• True expression of democracy• Alliance between public and

government to correct abuses of capitalism

• Alleviate short-term problems, bring about fundamental change—pol., econ., social

Critics on the left

• Liberalism is an alliance between gov’t and corporations to: maintain power in few hands, maintain elites hegemony over other classes, (just like conservatives, different methods) preserve the status quo

I. The Roots of Progressivism• In 1900, 76 million, 1 in 7

foreign-born• 1900-1914, 13 million more

immigrants arrive• Progressives were a broad

reform movement—attack monopoly, corruption, inefficiency, social injustice, poverty, urban squalor, racism, sexism, etc.

• Common thread— “strengthen state”—use of government as an agency of human welfare• Roots—1870s Greenback

Movement, 1890s Populism• Political/philosophical

position— new solutions to problems of industrial age, laissez-faire and rugged individualism out of place

• “intentionally feeble” Jeffersonian government needs to be reinvigorated to respond to both power of corporations and problems of increasingly urban society

II. Rise of the Progressives• Politicians—William Jennings

Bryan, Gov. Atgeld, Populists leaders

• Writers and novelists—Henry Demarest Lloyd—Wealth against Commonwealth– attack Standard Oil

• Thorstein Veblan—The Theory of the Leisure Class—attack predatory wealth and conspicuous consumption

• Jacob Riis-How the Other Half Lives

• Theodore Dreiser—The Titan, The Financier

• Muckrakers—exposè journalists and reform writers

• 10¢ and 15¢ journals emerge, compete in dirt digging—McClure’s, Cosmopolitan, Collier’s, Everybody’s

• TR called them muckrakers as an insult

• Other Muckraking works• Lincoln Steffens “The Shame

of the Cities”—corrupt alliance between big business and city government• Ida Tarbell— “History of

Standard Oil”• Thomas Lawson “Frenzied

Finance”—stock speculation

• David Phillips– Treason of the Senate—under control of corporations• Ray Stannard Baker Following

the Color Line—following the conditions of blacks• John Spargo—The Bitter Cry of

the Children—child labor• Dr. Harvey W. Wiley—attacked

patent medicines in Colliers

Politics and Progressivism 3:21

III. Progressives in Politics

• White, Anglo-Saxon middle-class movement, squeezed from above (Trusts) and below (unions, immigrants)

• 2 goals—use state power to curb trusts, stop Socialism by improving common person’s life

The Socialists 1:05

• Progressives appear in all parties, all regions and all levels of government• Political reforms:• Direct Primary Elections—get rid of bosses• Initiative—voters propose legislation, bypass legislators

Direct Primary, Senators etc.

• Direct Primary Elections—get rid of bosses

• Initiative—voters propose legislation, bypass legislators

• Referendum—laws placed on ballot for approval by people• Recall—special elections to

remove public officials• Australian (secret) Ballot—less

likely to bribe and can’t be sure• Corrupt-practices Act—limits

on corporate gifts and donations

• Direct Election of Senators—(Millionaires Club), elected by state legislatures, distant from people • 17th Amendment 1913• Women’s suffrage—women’s

vote will “elevate” elections

Suffrage 2:49

• Municipal Reforms:• City Manager System

(Galveston, TX)—experts, no spoils• Cleaning up streets—

slumlords, juvenile delinquents, prostitution

Galveston, TX 1900

• State Level Reforms:• “Fightin’ Bob” La Follette

and the Wisconsin Idea—campaigns against bosses and corporations (particularly RR)• Use of Civil Servants from

Univ of Wisconsin to run gov’t

• 19 Amendment• Equal Rights Amendment• Temperance• Immigration (Nativism, Eugenics)• Triangle Shirtwaist• W.E.B Du Bois v. Booker T. Washington• Lynching (Ida Wells)• Progressive Income Tax

Progressive Income Tax 2:42

Rise of the City: Urban Growth

Limits of Progressivism 2:40