8 the internet and world wide web today and tomorrow 11 th edition chapter 1 chapter 8 understanding...

8 The Internet and World Wide Web

TODAY AND TOMORROW

11th Edition

CHAPTERCHAPTER1Chapter 8 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

2Chapter 8 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

Learning Objectives Discuss how the Internet evolved and what it is like

today.

Identify the various types of individuals, companies, and organizations involved in the Internet community and explain their purposes.

Describe device and connection options for connecting to the Internet, as well as some considerations to keep in mind when selecting an ISP.


Learning Objectives, Cont'd Understand how to effectively search for information

on the Internet and how to properly cite Internet resources.

List several useful things that can be done using the Internet, in addition to basic browsing and e-mail.

Discuss censorship and privacy and how they are related to Internet use.

Describe the possible format, structure, and use of the Internet in the future.


Overview This chapter covers:

The evolution of the Internet

Different options for connecting to the Internet Internet searching

Common Internet applications

Censorship and privacy issues

The future of the Internet


Evolution of the Internet Internet: largest and most well-known computer

network, linking millions of computers all over the world

The Internet furnishes a standard way of sending messages and information across virtually any type of computer platform and transmission media

While Internet has become a household word only during the past decade, it has actually operated in one form or another for much longer than that


From ARPANET to Internet2 ARPANET: the predecessor of the Internet, named after

the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), which sponsored its development

The World Wide Web: the collection of Web pages available through the Internet Proposed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 Originally only text-based content Release of the graphical Mosaic browser in 1993 led to

graphical content Wide variety of content available via Web pages today

Internet2: created to develop and implement advanced Internet applications and technologies


The Internet Community Today Users (people who use the Internet) Internet service providers (ISPs) (provide access

to the Internet, typically for a fee)


The Internet Community Today Internet content providers (provide Internet

content) Application service providers (ASPs) (provide

access to Web-based software applications) Infrastructure companies (own or operating the

physical structure of the Internet) Hardware and software companies The government and other organizations (Internet

Society, ICANN, W3C, etc.)


Myths About the Internet

Myth 1: The Internet is Free Most people and businesses pay for Internet

access Free services are often in exchange for providing

contact information or viewing advertisements Fee-based content is growing Micropayments may be implemented in the future

for Web content


Myth 1: The Internet is Free, Cont’d


Myths About the Internet, Cont’d Myth 2: Someone Controls the Internet

Governments can somewhat regulate Internet use within its country but difficult to control it well

Myth 3: The Internet and World Wide Web Are Identical Internet = physical network WWW = one resource (Web pages) available via

the Internet Other resources are available via FTP, e-mail,

Telnet, etc.


Getting Set Up to Use the Internet Getting set up to use the Internet typically involves

three decisions Determining the type of device you will use to

access the Internet Selecting the type of connection desired Deciding on the Internet service provider to be

used Once these determinations have been made, your

computer can be set up to access the Internet


Type of Device Possible devices include:

Desktop, notebook, or tablet PCs

Internet appliances

Mobile devices


Type of Connection and Internet Access

Need to be connected to the Internet to access it

Connections can be: Dial-up (PC has to dial via a phone line to

connect) Direct (PC is continually connected to the

Internet) Direct connections are typically broadband Home broadband use is growing


Type of Connection and Internet Access, Cont’d

Dial-up connections Conventional dial-up

Slow, but cheap Ties up phone line

ISDN Faster, but pricey Doesn’t tie up phone line Used by businesses more than individuals



Direct connections T1 lines

High-speed, usually used by schools and large businesses

Cable Most widely used home broadband connection

DSL Broadband option for locations where it is

available (must be less than 3 miles from switching station)

Satellite Broadband option for rural areas



Direct connections, cont’d Fixed wireless

Broadband option where available Mobile wireless

Access via mobile phone or device 3G is much faster than earlier types of mobile

wireless connections Public hotspots

Both free and fee-based are available Currently Wi-Fi so short range, but WiMAX

may soon be available


Selecting an ISP and Setting Up Your PC

When selecting an ISP, consider

Services (e-mail limits and requirements, Web space, etc.)

Speed (both upstream and downstream speeds, consistency of service, etc.)

Support (free telephone support, response time, etc.)

Cost (local access number for dial-up, hardware costs, set-up fees, etc.)


Selecting an ISP and Setting Up Your PC, Cont'd

To set up your PC

Install necessary hardware Install necessary software Set up your telephone dialing software (for some

conventional dial-up connections only) Select user name, access telephone number (for

dial-up connections), and a payment method Change browser and e-mail settings as needed


Searching the Internet The Internet provides access to a vast amount of

information That information is useless if you cannot find it

opportunely An important skill an Internet user can acquire is

how to successfully search for and locate information on the Internet

Search sites: Web sites that help you find Web pages containing the information you are seeking Typically use a search engine in conjunction with a

database containing information about Web pages to locate appropriate Web pages


Keyword search: keywords are typed in a search box to locate information on the Internet; can be found on

Directory search: categories are selected to locate information on the Internet

Matching Web pages are called hits; clicking on the name of a Web page displays that page

Some search sites search multiple search sites (metasearch sites); others allow natural language searches

Many search sites contain additional tools, such as to: Search for items such as music files, image files,

newsgroups, news articles Search for maps, people, telephone numbers Google is one of the most versatile search sites

Searching the Internet, Cont’d


Search Strategies Use phrase searching (more than one keyword)


Search Strategies, Cont’d Use Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) Use multiple search sites Use appropriate keywords Use synonyms (different words that mean the same

thing)Use variant word forms (variations of your keywords, alternate spellings, etc.)

Use wildcards (such as * to search for keyword patterns)


Search Strategies, Cont’d Use field searches (searches limited to a particular

characteristic, such as page title, page text, URL, or domain)


Evaluating Search Results The quality of a hit can be preliminarily evaluated by

looking at Page title and description Company or organization hosting the page

General guidelines for evaluating a Web page include considering Source Author Timeliness Accuracy


Citing Internet Resources To avoid plagiarizing, proper citation procedures

should be used for all Internet content used in a paper, book, or on a Web site


Beyond Browsing and E-Mail Types of online communications

Discussion groups (message boards, newsgroups, or online forums)

Chat rooms: multiple users chat Instant messaging (IM): exchange of real-time

messages Videoconferencing (teleconferencing or Web

conferencing) Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP): Internet

telephony applications involve placing telephone-to-telephone calls over the Internet—called VoIP


Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd Online shopping and investing

Be sure all e-commerce activities are performed via a secure Web server

Online shopping Can purchase items via manufacturers, large

businesses, small businesses, etc/ Usually paid via credit card, though other

options may be available


Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd Online shopping and investing, cont’d

Online auctions (eBay, etc.) Buy from individuals Seller pays auction fees

Online banking (transfer funds, check balances, pay bills, etc.)

Online investing (buy and sell stocks, bonds, and other securities


Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd Online entertainment

Online music (Internet radio stations, online music stores, etc.)

Online TV (TV broadcast via the Internet) Online videos (often found on news sites, popular

TV show sites, etc.) Video-on-demand (VOD)

Download movies and TV shows Often only viewable for a limited time Available for cell phones and mobile devices

today as well


Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd Online entertainment, cont’d

Video-on-demand (VOD) Download movies and TV shows Often only viewable for a limited time Available for cell phones and mobile devices

today as well

Online gaming (both individual and multiplayer games played via the Internet)

E-books (purchased e-books and library e-books)


Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd Peer-to-peer file sharing: sharing resources directly

between users via the Internet Napster background and issues Both legal and illegal peer-to-peer file sharing

exists today With the availability of legal ways to obtain digital

content, some experts predict that, eventually, legal alternatives will become the norm for consumers


Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd Online news and research

News (online newspapers, magazines, news sites, etc.)

Product, corporate, and government information (lots of information available online)

Reference sites (allow you to look up ZIP codes, phone numbers, view maps, dictionary terms, etc.)

Portals: designed to be used as a browser’s home page (Yahoo!, MSN, Bolt, etc.)


Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd Online education

Web-based training (WBT) and distance learning

Advantages: Self-paced instruction, flexible location, up-to-date material, immediate feedback, and customized content

Disadvantages: Technology requirements and problems, anonymity, and lack of face-to-face contact

Online testing (available for both objective and performance-based exams)


Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd Online writing

Blogs (personal Web logs) Wikis (editable collaborative Web page) E-portfolios (personal online portfolio)


Censorship and Privacy Issues Censorship

Free speech vs. offensive or indecent materials Internet

filtering: using software or browser options to block access to particular Web pages or types of Web pages


Censorship and Privacy Issues, Cont'd

Web browsing privacy Cookies: small files stored on the user’s hard

drive by a Web server Add functionality (such as shopping carts and

personal preferences) to Web sites Can be used to track Web activity Cookie information can be personally idenfiable

or non-personally identifiable Cookie data can be viewed or deleted Cookie settings can be changed and software

can be used to manage cookies



Web browsing privacy, cont’d Web bugs: small, usually invisible, images on a

Web page that transmits data to a Web server Difficult to spot or stop Software can be used to notify you when Web

bugs are being used



Web browsing privacy, cont’d Spyware (transmits data secretly through the

user’s Internet connection) Adware (software supported by onscreen

advertising) E-mail privacy

Only encrypted e-mail can be transmitted privately Employers and ISPs have access to the e-mail

you send through those organizations Businesses and ISPs typically archive e-mail

messages


The Future of the Internet Likely to be a very high-speed optical network with

virtually unlimited bandwidth

Access devices will probably be small and less obtrusive; possibly built into everyday objects

The primary interface will likely be the voice, and most network connections will be wireless

Ever-growing number of day-to-day Internet activities


Summary Evolution of the Internet Getting Set Up to Use the Internet Searching the Internet Beyond Browsing and E-Mail Censorship and Privacy Issues The Future of the Internet

8 the internet and world wide web today and tomorrow 11 th edition chapter 1 chapter 8 understanding...

Documents

internet slide

internet community

internet use

internet hardware

internet myth

internet resources

internet content providers

advanced internet applications