10. translation chapter 27 lehninger 5 th edition
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
10. Translation
Chapter 27 Lehninger 5th Edition
![Page 2: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Translation
• mRNA gets translated by Ribosomes
![Page 3: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Bacterial ribosomes
![Page 4: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Eukaryotic ribosomes in ER
![Page 5: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Genetic Code
• 4 bases -> 20 amino acids?
• 42 = 16 43 = 64
• Code = – Triplet code
• 3 bases -> 1 amino acid
– Non-overlapping– Degenerate
![Page 6: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Genetic Code
CodonsCodon usage
![Page 7: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ribosomes
• Need to:– Bind to mRNA
– Recognise start of coding sequence
– Move along coding sequence • Read RNA, codon by codon
• Add amino acids to protein chain
• Need an “adaptor” molecule– tRNA – Transfer RNA
![Page 10: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
tRNA: Transfer RNA
![Page 12: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
20 tRNA synthetases
![Page 14: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
1965: Yeast tRNAala
![Page 15: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ribosomes: 2 subunits• large• small
• S: Svedberg units; centrifugation “size”
![Page 17: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Chuck Kurland
![Page 18: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
SSU rRNA
![Page 19: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Translation Initiation
•Bacteria: RBS or Shine Dalgarno sequence•Eukaryotes: ?
![Page 23: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: 10. Translation Chapter 27 Lehninger 5 th Edition](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f135503460f94c27f5d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)