7.extra low voltage system.pdf

7/25/2019 7.Extra Low Voltage System.pdf

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Induction Course for new M&E Engineers

21, 28 March & 4, 11 April 2015

Extra Low Voltage System


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EXTRA LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEM(ELVS)

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

SMATV

CCTV SYSTEM SECURITY AND CARD ACCESS SYSTEM

BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM (BAS)


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TELECOMMUNICATIONS

SMATV

CCTV SYSTEM SECURITY SYSTEM



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Telecommunication System-Overview

POTS (Plain Old Telephone System)

Internet, Ethernet

Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) FTTO,

FTTH


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Telecommunication System-Overview

Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) FTTO,FTTH

ONU Optical Network Unit.

An optical network unit (ONU) is a device thattransforms incoming optical signals into electronics at acustomer's premises in order toprovide telecommunications services over an opticalfiber network

RG residential gateway.

In telecommunications networking, a residentialgateway allows the connection of a local areanetwork (LAN) to a wide area network (WAN). The WANcan be a larger computer network (such as a municipalWAN that provides connectivity to the residenceswithin the municipality), or the Internet. WAN

connectivity may be provided through DSL, cablemodem, a broadband mobile phone network, or otherconnections.

ATA Analog Telephone Adapter

An analog telephony adapter or analog telephoneadapter (ATA) is a device used to connect one or morestandard analog telephones to a digital telephonesystem (such as Voice over IP) or a non-standardtelephone system.


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Technical Standards:

Malaysian Technical Standards Forum Bhd: MTSFB 008:2005 (rev 1) - Technical Standards and

Infrastructure Requirements Part 1:Fixed NetworkInfrastructure

Guideline On the Provision of Basic Civil Works forCommunication Infrastructure In The New DevelopmentAreas

MTSFB 002:2009 Technical standard for in-buildingfibre cabling for fibre-to-the-premise

Note: These standards are stated in

Surat Perakuan submission to

Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Dan

Multimedia (SKMM) during DO

stage


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Telecommunication System-Manholes

Manhole Type Size: L x W x H (mm) No. of Ductway

JB30 950 x 625 x 450 2-way

JRC7 1280 x 975 x 800 2-way

JC9 1570 x 660 x 1070 4-way

JC9C 1820 x 970 x 1440 4-way

R1B 1820 x 1220 x 1970 6-way

R2A 3050 x 1220 x 1820 12-way


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Telecommunication SystemCable Specifications

Cable Type Bandwidth Application Limit Remarks

Cat 3

(ISO/IEC 11801

Class C TIA/EIA 568

B)

16 MHz For voice telephony

& ADSL in building

or inter building

-

Cat 5e

(ISO/IEC 11801

Class D

TIA/EIA 568 B)

> 100 Mhz For Ethernet

transmission up to

1GBps

For distance up to

100m

Cat 6

(ISO/IEC 11801Class E

TIA/EIA 568 B)

>250 Mhz For Ethernet

transmission up to10Gbps

For distance up to

100m

Fiber Optic

(Multi mode

OM2/OM3 &

Single Mode)

>200 MHz / km

Depends on light

source

For data

transmission

>10Gbps

For distance

beyond 100m


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Recommended Building Infrastructure Design

takenfromMTSFB008:2005


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Fibre

cable

to FTB

is by

NFPRiser Cable


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ONU Optical Network Unit.

An optical network unit (ONU) is a device that transforms incoming optical signals into electronics at a customer's premises inorder to provide telecommunications services over an optical fiber network

RG residential gateway.

In telecommunications networking, a residential gateway allows the connection of a local area network (LAN) to a wide areanetwork (WAN). The WAN can be a larger computer network (such as a municipal WAN that provides connectivity to the residenceswithin the municipality), or the Internet. WAN connectivity may be provided through DSL, cable modem, a broadband mobilephone network, or other connections.

ATA Analog Telephone Adapter

An analog telephony adapter or analog telephone adapter (ATA) is a device used to connect one or more standard analogtelephones to a digital telephone system (such as Voice over IP) or a non-standard telephone system.

By NFP


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By NFP


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Telecommunication SystemOutletsTelephone point - RJ11

Ethernet Point - RJ45

Fibre Wall Socket (FWS)


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Telecommunication System


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TM Certificate


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Design consideration

Remember to provide telecommunication point forFire Command Centre (FCC) for Bomba CMS

Specify single-mode fibre and not multi-mode.


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TELECOMMUNICATIONS

SMATV

CCTV SYSTEM

SECURITY SYSTEM



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TERRESTRIAL BANDS

0 47 68 88 108 176 230 470 862 MHz

VHF FM VHF UHF

TV Channels 5 12 21 38 69

Band I Band II Band III Band IV Band V

FMAntenna

VHFAntenna

UHFAntenna

SMATV SYSTEM - THEORY

VHF 47-68Mhz (Band I) was never used in the industry.

TV Channels (5 69) is based on international standard definition

Refer to http://www.asiawaves.net/ for channel frequencies for tuning according tolocation.


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Screenshot from http://www.asiawaves.net/

Refer to http://www.asiawaves.net/ for channelfrequencies for tuning according to location.


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TERESTRIAL RECEPTION


Ghost image when you receive transmission from two stations at the same

frequency range. In order to filter out the ghost image, the amplifier need to filter out

the ghost frequency.


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FREQUENCY RANGES

MHz5 45 87,5 108 176 230 470 862 950 2150

MHz10 700 12 700

ACTUAL SATELLITE BANDWITH

FM V H F U H FVHF

TRANSPOSING

SATELLITE


Take note that in Malaysia, Astro satellite is

facing north for reception


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MIXING OF SIGNALS

FM

VHF

UHF

Full band mixer

TV/SAT mixer

VHF / UHF

SAT

FM

DIPLEXING AT OUTLET


A diplexer is a passive device that implements frequency domain multiplexing.

The diplexer, being a passive device, is reciprocal: the device itself doesn't have a

notion of input or output.


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OUTLET LEVEL FOR A GOOD SIGNAL

VHF (47MHz to 68MHz) min: 57,5dBV

max:74dBV

FM (87.5MHz to 108MHz) min: 50 dBVmax:66dBV

UHF / VHF (176 MHz to 862MHz) min: 57 dBVmax:74dBV

SAT (950MHz to 2050MHz) min: 47dBV

max:77dBV

Target to achieve 60 dBVfor design purposes



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SMATV SIGNAL STRENGTH

The strength of the SMATV (VHF, UHF and SAT) is expressed in dBuV Amplifiers increase the signal value : GAIN

Passive equipments (cables, splitters, connectors) decrease the signal value : INSERTION LOSS

The objective is to have , for every outlet, an output level between 57 and 74 dBuV (For UHF/VHF)

100

50

75

25

Reception Level

Outlet Level



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SATELLITE RECEPTION

SATTELITE DISHES

60 CM / 90 CM / 120 CM

Steel Aluminium - Composite

LNB Single

Quattro

Fibre

SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN


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TAPS Passive distribution equipment

Limited THROUGH LOSS (2 to 5 dB)

Adjusted TAP LOSSES from 10 to 20 dB

Available for SAT and/or Terrestrial signals

Tap Loss10 to 20 dB

Through Loss

2 to 5 dB

100 dBuV

- 5dB

- 5dB

65 dBuV

- 5dB - 1dB

67 dBuV

- 5dB - 1dB67 dBuV

- 5dB - 1dB

63 dBuV

- 2 dB

- 3 dB

- 5 dB

12dB

- 4dB - 5dB

- 4dB - 5dB

- 4dB - 5dB

13dB

16dB

20dB

- 4dB

- 1dB



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SPLITTERS

Passive distribution equipment

Split the signal in 2 to 8 signals ofequal value

11.510.08.56.04.05 - 1000

5.5

4.5

2

Number of outputsBandwidth

MHz

15.014.010.58.51700- 2400

12.512.09.07.01000 - 1700

8643

Insertion Losses of Splitters



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OUTER JACKET :WHITE PVC RAL

1013

SHIELD 2 :ALUMINIUM BRAID

60%SHIELD 1 :

BONDED ALUMINIUM FOIL POLYESTERALUMINIUM FOIL

DIELECTRIC :FOAM

POLYETHYLENE

4,57 mm 0,2

INNER CONDUCTOR :BARE COPPER

COVERED STEEL1,01 mm 0,02

RG6

OUTER JACKET :WHITE PVC RAL

1013 10,16mm 0,4

SHIELD 1 :

ALUMINIUM BRAID60% SHIELD 2 :

BONDED ALUMINIUM FOIL POLYESTERALUMINIUM FOIL

DIELECTRIC :

FOAMPOLYETHYLENE 7,11 mm 0,2

INNER CONDUCTOR :BARE COPPER

COVERED STEEL1,62 mm 0,02

RG11



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COAXIAL CABLES : Main parameters

Insertion Loss

for 100 m

800 MHz 1000 MHz 2200 MHz

RG6 17 dB 20 dB 30 dB

RG11 11 dB 13 dB 18 dB

IMPEDANCE : 75 OHMS

SCREEN EFFICIENCY

Level of protection offered by the screen (foil + braid) againstexternal interferences

The higher the frequencies the more important is this parameter

Example : > 75 dB for Axitronic PVCRG6B & XR11A



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CABLE BENDING RADIUS

68 mm

Minimum bending radius of 10 X the cable diameter 68 mm for RG6 105 mm for RG11

Sharp bending radius will damage the cable dielectric and causeimpedance disruptions which can deteriorate image quality



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OUTLETS

Insertion Loss 87.5 - 862 MHz 960 - 2050 MHz

TAP LOSS 5.0 dB 5.0 dB

THROUGH LOSS 3.5 / 4.0 dB 4.5 / 6.0 dB

Satellite outputF-Connector

UHF/VHF outputIEC 9.52 F -Connector

FM outputIEC 9.52 M-Connector

Through Loss

Insulation between outputs: 25 dB



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SIMPLE CASE STUDY #1

10 storey residential building : 40 m high

6 apartments per storey

2 outlets per apartment

Terrestrial programs

ASTRO

Reception signal : 70 dB

30 m

20 m

30 m

7 m

40 m

15 m


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SMATV System - Conventional


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SMATV HD COAX BACKBONE CABLE DESIGN


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SMATV HD COAX BACKBONE CABLE DESIGN


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SMATV HD COAX BACKBONE CABLE DESIGNDO NOT LOOP

THE OUTLET

POINT

MULTI-

SWITCHERS

ARE

CASCADED


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SMATV HD FIBER OPTIC BACKBONE CABLE DESIGN


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FIBER OPTIC CABLE

WITH 4-WAY OPTICAL

SPLITTER


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FIBER OPTIC

CONVERTER

CONVERT OPTICAL

SIGNAL TO

ELECTRICAL SIGNAL


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TELECOMMUNICATIONS

SMATV

CCTV SYSTEM

SECURITY SYSTEM



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CCTV Surveillance System

TYPES OF CCTV CAMERAS:

1. DOME, - Lift lobbies, lift car, indoor space

2. CCD / BOX car parks, staircase, outdoor space

3. PTZ suitable big public areas (e.g. main office lobby,hotel main lobby, auditoriums). allows securitypersonnel to rotate and zoom.


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Camera lens

CCTV camera lens will affect the fieldof view (FoV) - Extend of areacaptured by the camera

Fixed lens fixed focal point

Vari-focal lens allows users toadjust focal points

In most installations, dome camerasare usually installed with fixed lens.However, vari-focal lens are optional

accessories and shall be considereddepending on application.

Fixed box cameras are usuallyinstalled with vari-focal lens. Thisallows users to select the FoV.


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CCTV Resolution Pixel Count


Resolution

In present time, most installations uses 1MP resolution as higher

resolution require higher cost and increase data usage.


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CCTV Resolution Pixel Count

Heres 4 samples ranging from 35 to 2120pixels covering the same area:

Clearly, the more the pixels, the more finedetails that can be captured


Resolution


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People are used to watching TVat about 30 frames per second,often called 'full' frame rate.

Integrators choose low framerate (


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CCTV Surveillance SystemAnalogDVRvsIPNVRsystemANALOG DVR System Components:

ANALOG CCTV CAMERAS

DVR (DIGITAL VIDEO RECORDER)

CABLES RG6 COAXIAL CABLE

IP NVR System Components

IP CCTV CAMERAS

NVR (NETWORK VIDEO RECORDER) CABLES : CAT6, CAT 5E, FIBRE OPTIC

NETWORK SWITCHES


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Analog CCTV DVR system


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CCTV Surveillance System IPCamera NVR system

IP Camera NVR system


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Design Consideration

Resolution, FPS will affect bandwidth and storagesize. Request manufacturer to provide Bandwidthand Storage calculations to verify sufficient

bandwidth for the network switches and sufficientstorage for the NVR

IP cameras should be connected to POE (Powerover Ethernet) network switches

Provide sufficient illumination level (lighting) forproper CCTV operation.

Check local city council CCTV requirements.


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Design Consideration

Although CCTV can be viewed from theworkstation, an external monitor connected to theNVR is still a good design practice to avoidinterruptions if the workstation experience

unexpected shut-down. A good design practice is to have multiple NVRs

compared to one NVR in case failure of one NVR.e.g. 16 cameras 1x16 Channel NVR vs 2x8

Channels NVR. Avoid copy-paste because todays technology may

be obsolete in a few years time.


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TELECOMMUNICATIONS

SMATV

CCTV SYSTEM

SECURITY SYSTEM


SECURITY SYSTEM


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SECURITY SYSTEM -INTRODUCTION

- Security systems help protect against intruders

- Many options available: wired, wireless

- Main components:

1.Keypads and Control Devices

2.Perimeter Protection

3.Interior Protection

4.Communication & Monitoring

SECURITY SYSTEM


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SECURITY SYSTEM -INTRODUCTION

SECURITY SYSTEM KEYPADS AND


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SECURITY SYSTEM - KEYPADS ANDCONTROL DEVICES

At least one keypad located near a commonly used entranceto a home or business.

Allows occupants to arm the security system when the leavethe premise or disarm the security system when they enter

The system can also be armed via wireless key

Keypad

Wireless

key

SECURITY SYSTEM PERIMETER


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SECURITY SYSTEM - PERIMETERPROTECTION

Door Sensor

Door Sensor

Window

Sensor

Window

Sensor

Main entrance

doors commonlyhave time delay

and there is

usually a keypad

located beside

the entrance

Bypassed window can be opened

when a security system is armed

SECURITY SYSTEM INTERIOR


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SECURITY SYSTEM - INTERIORPROTECTION

Motion

Detector

Break glass

detector forfixed window

SECURITY SYSTEM


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Monitoring station

SECURITY SYSTEM -Communication & Monitoring

GSM wireless alarm

communicator

Internet / telephone

alarm

communicator

INTEGRATED SECURITY SYSTEM


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INTEGRATED SECURITY SYSTEM

More complexsecuritysystem formulti-tenantpremise (e.g.office buildingand shoppingmall)

Integrate with

carpark boomgate, turnstile,lift access


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General Configuration Of Security Controller

Controller boxhouse in a security

riser

Compatible card

reader. Reader can

be with or without

keypad

Signal to output

relay to trigger

access.

EXTRA LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEM


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TELECOMMUNICATIONS

SMATV

CCTV SYSTEM

SECURITY SYSTEM



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INTRODUCTIONWHAT IS BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM?

A distributedcontrol systemcomprisingcomputerized,intelligent network

of electronicdevices designedto:

monitor

control

the mechanical and

electrical systems ina building


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Improve facility

management and

maintenance

Improve comfort

Reduce energy

SAMPLE: Chiller Status

INTRODUCTIONPURPOSE OF BAS


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Proprietary Protocols

Published Interoperability Protocols

Modbus

Published by Modicon in 1979

Master/Slave protocol

Simple and robust

LonWorksTM (local operation network)

Created by Echelon Corporation in 1988

Operates on a peer-to-peer basis

Standard control networking ANSI/CEA 709.1 and IEEE 1473-L

BACNet (Building Automation and Control Networks)

Started by Standard Project Committee (SPC) in 1987

Published as ASHRAE/ANSI Standard 135 in 1995

Designed for truly interoperable non-proprietary, open protocol

communication standard

Designed for building automation and control systems application

INTRODUCTIONBAS PROTOCOLS


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WML/WAP

To Third Party Equipm ent

BACnet/IP, 100baseT Ethern et

Native BACnet MS/TP

Fire Security

LightingBoiler

BAS Server BAS Client PDA / Mobile

Gateway / Router

ME

(Multi

Equipment)SE

(Single

Equipment)

ZN

(Zone

Network)

SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE TYPICALBACNET SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE


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BACNet Ethernet

IP addresses and MAC addresses

Peer to peer in nature

Third Party

Modbus network, LONWorksnetwork or proprietary network

BACNet MS/TP

(Master-Slave/Token Passing)

Each device on the link is considered

the master when it has the token.

Speeds up to 1Mbps or less overtwisted pair wiring

Gateway / router Router connect multiple network without changing the form

or content of the message

Gateway connect multiple network by repacking the

message (i.e. translation)

SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE TYPICALBACNET SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

f ff b ld


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BAS Design for GBI Office building

Ducted Variable Air Volume (VAV) system

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitoring and Control (CO2sensor in return duct to control fresh air intake)

Lighting Control with photo-sensors and motion

detectors for daylighting Lighting control with motion sensor

Linked to all electrical sub-meters to facilitateenergy monitoring by tenants and end users

Linked to water sub-meters to facilitate earlydetection of water leakage

SYS IN AS UC U


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Control Strategy

Air Conditioning Control

Lighting Control

SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTUREINTEGRATION WITH OTHER SYSTEM

SOME EXAMPLES

SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE


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Basic close loop feedback control system

Example: light control

Desired state = 400lux

Sensor = Photocell sensor & motion detector

Controller = BAS controller System = Dimmable Lights

SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTUREINTEGRATION WITH OTHER SYSTEM

LIGHTINGCONTROL



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Three Subsystems

VAV Control

AHU Fan Control

Water Flow Control

SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTUREINTEGRATION WITH OTHER SYSTEM SOME EXAMPLES

AIRCONDITIONINGCONTROLS:



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Typical VAV ControlInterfacing Diagram

Desired state = 24 degC

Sensors = Thermostat

Controller = VAV Controller

System = VAV Box damper

System output = Air Flow

SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTUREINTEGRATION WITH OTHER SYSTEM SOME EXAMPLES

EXAMPLEOFVAVCONTROLS:


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- Incorporate EMS (Energy Management System) inaccordance to MS1525 standards (Code of Practice onEnergy Efficiency and Use of Renewable Energy for non-residential buildings)

- Establish a common interoperability protocol for all systemsto be linked to BAS.

- Establish interfacing requirements e.g. lighting control 12V or 24V, AC or DC relay? Variable speed drive control high level interface control using RS232 or common AO

(analog output) signaling?

Design Considerations

7.extra low voltage system.pdf

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