7 safety systems

8/21/2019 7 Safety Systems

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COURSEFACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING

SAFETY / SAFETY SYSTEMS

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SAFETY – SAFETY SYSTEMS

SUBJECTS

• Escape routes and stairs – incl. req. for width and free height

• Muster Points

• Emergency Access to Sea

• Flare system

• F&G

• Fire Water System• Fire fighting equipment / location & access

• Safety Equipment

• Ventilation

• Plated decks / grated decks, bunded areas and drains

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ESCAPE ROUTES AND STAIRS - DEFINITIONS

Escape: act of personnel moving away from a hazardous event to a

place where its effects are reduced or removed.

Evacuation: the planned method of leaving the installation in an

emergency

Rescue: process by which those who have entered the sea directly

or in lifeboats/liferafts are retrieved to a place where medicalassistance is available

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ESCAPE ROUTES

MODES Part 01

• Primary

• Minimum 1.2 m in width and with a free height of 2.2 m

• Secondary

• Minimum 0.8 m in width and with a free height of 2.2 m

• Suitable for stretcher, 2.2 x 0.6m

• Marked and signed

• Lit

• Two main escape routes from all areas

• Maximum dead end of 7 m

• NORSOK S-001 has slightly different criteria!

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ESCAPE ROUTES

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ESCAPE ROUTES

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ESCAPE ROUTES

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Minimum step depth, t, shall be 80 mm

The maximum rise, h, shall be 250 mm

The overlap, r, of the step or the landing shall be >= 10 mm


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One primary muster area

Space of equivalent of 0.5 m2/person

Means of communication

Emergency lighting

Lifesaving equipment

Plated deck to and from TEMPSCembarkation area

If outdoor, be aware of noise for e.g..Fire Water pumps

Muster Area

Commonly designated temporaryMustering areas are the living

quarters, control room, or lifeboatstation areas

FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

MUSTER POINTS

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Smoke and gas ingress• Air locks•

Gas tight fire dampers in HVAC• Pressurised fresh air or catalytic

scrubbing of air for H2S

Depletion of oxygen

Build up of C02

and CO

Muster Area / TR

Inside TR


MUSTER POINTS

1.4

m3

/pers/hr

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Build up of temperature

Communication• Equipment

• Multichannel VHF marine radio• Telephone• PA system

• Location in relation to ERT

Survival equipment• First Aid Equipment• BA (If H2S)• Safety lamps

Muster Area / TR

Inside TR


MUSTER POINTS

Personnel 50 to 70 deg. C

Electrical equipment 40 to 50

deg. C

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EMERGENCY ACCESS TO SEA

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Means of evacuation

• Primary Helicopter, boat – Normal use of transportation

• Secondary Life boat (Bridge)

• Tertiary Life rafts, knotted ropes, nets, jumping


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Acts as a ignition sourcenot be located downwind of source

of flammable gas.

At flame out the flare becomes source offuel.

Emits radiation and permissible distanceshall be accessed as per API 521

1.58 kW/m2

Potential for burning rainPlatformSupport Vessels

Droplet size:

300µm < d < 600μm

Flare & Vent


FLARE SYSTEM

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FLARE SYSTEM

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FLARE SYSTEM

Layout considerations – piping / headers

• Flare pipe to be protected from external impact• Dropped objects, swinging loads

• Explosion pressures

TOTAL GS-EP-SAF-262

• The routing of the headers shall be optimised in order to minimise the risks ofdamage in case of fire or explosion

• The necessity to provide headers and sub-headers with blast protection andpassive fire proofing in critical areas shall be assessed

• The integrity of the structure supporting the elevated flares shall withstand the

conditions created by the worst fire and explosion scenario considered in the SAFETYCONCEPT and as per GS EP SAF 253

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FLARE SYSTEMLayout considerations – flare stack and vents

• Ignited flares are sources of ignition and should not be located

down-wind of sources of flammable gas (or should be located far

enough from them), except where flare are high enough to avoid

any risk.

• Conversely, the risk of flame-out where the flares become sources

of fuel shall be considered. As a consequence the preferred

location for flares is perpendicular to the prevailing wind.

• Atmospheric vents venting hydrocarbons continously are zone 1;

to be located away from manned areas and sources of ignition(down-wind).

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• Local vents should be avoided. To be

grouped to release in one single point.


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FLARE SYSTEM

Layout considerations – piping & flare tip

• Pipework• Slope

• No pockets

• No obstructions – Locked open valves

• Access to flare tip

• Inspection

• Maintenance• Helihoisting or “rail system” for tip replacement

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F&G DETECTION - OBJECTIVE

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ISO 13702:• To provide continuous automatic monitoring functions to alert

personnel of the presence of a hazardous fire or gas condition• To allow, control actions to be initiated manually or automatically

in order to minimize the likelihood of escalation.

Maersk Oil, MOTS-40:

A fixed Fire and Gas (F&G) detection system shall be installed toprovide continuous automatic monitoring of those parts of a plant

or other premises where fires may accidentally occur or where

combustible/toxic gases may accidentally release or accumulate

and initiate preventive actions in order to minimize the likelihoodof escalation


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F&G DETECTION

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Gas detection

• Installed in all hazardous areas classified as Zone 1 or Zone 2

• Principles for gas detection coverage:

• Detection of gas accumulations

• Detection of leaks

•

Protection of Target


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F&G DETECTION

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Gas detection – detector layout/siting

• NORSOK S-001 has a criterion that the detector layout must beso that leak sizes of 0.1 kg/sec or more can be detected.

• BP has different criteria (gas cloud sizes, diameter of 4 to 10meter, which must be detected) for different areas, depending onblockage ration and natural/mechanical ventilation as well as sizeof areas.

• TOTAL and Shell also do not have specific requirements for gasdetector layouts (spacing) in the open zone 1 and 2 areas butsome guidance regarding siting.

• Generally risk assessments (likelihood for release) combined withthe ventilation conditions should be the basis.

• Might have to be combined with gas dispersion analyses.


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F&G DETECTION – GAS DETECTOR LAYOUT

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Maersk Oil, MOTS-40 principles:


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F&G DETECTION – H2S DETECTORS

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Shell DEP:

• Point detectors should be located near potential sources of

leakage such as pump and compressor seals.

• For area monitoring a study should be carried out for the project,

focussing on process equipment types, potential sources of

leakage, concentration of H2S in the process streams and plant

lay-out.

• Detectors shall be placed along logical entrance routes to an H2S

containing process area.

BP GP:

• Focusses on H2S detectors where personnel may be present:

Especially entrances, exits and walkways


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F&G DETECTION – H2S DETECTORS

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Maersk Oil, MOTS-40:

• Same considerations as for HC gas shall apply but that locations

shall be determined on a case by case basis

Maersk Oil DK, DGL 4.1:

• One detector for each 37 m2 floor area or within 3 m from H2S

containing equipment.• If a grid configuration is used, maximum sensor spacing should

be 6 meter.


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F&G DETECTION

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Fire detection

• Fire detectors shall be selected to be suitable for detection of thetypes of fires that may occur in the area and shall be located

such that fires are detected as early as possible.

• Fire detectors shall be installed in all hazardous areas, utilityareas containing equipment, working areas and inbuildings/rooms.

• Detector principles are generally:• Smoke• Heat (fusible plugs, rate of rise/rate compensated )• Flame (UV or IR)


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F&G DETECTION

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Fire detection - Flame detection

• Flame detectors to be IR multispectrum detectors or alternativelyIR single frequency. (some accept UV detectors, not least for

turbine enclosures)

• Minimum 3 flame detectors covering the fire hazard shall beinstalled

NORSOK S-001

For a fire (jet and pool) in hazardous areas the following apply:• a flame size of 0,5 m in diameter and length of 1 m shall bedetected by at least one detector;• a flame size of 1 m in diameter and length of 3 m shall be detectedby at least two detectors.


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F&G DETECTION

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Fire detection – EN 54 / API 14C compliance:

• Some companies require or recommend two different fire

detection methods for hazardous areas.

• Maersk Oil has such requirements in their MOTS-40

Detector Spacing/max. distance

Heat detectors 5 meter

Heat detectors (fusible plugs) API RP 14C, table C-1

Smoke 7.5 meter


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F&G DETECTION

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Fire detection

• Haz. area: Two independent detection principles


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F&G DETECTION

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Fire detection

• Non Haz. area: One detection principle


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F&G DETECTION – DETECTOR LAYOUT DRWG

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SAFETY EQUIPMENT

PPE

• To all facility personnel

• Life vests

• Smoke hoods

• Flash light

• BA or escape hoods if H2S

Eyebath / Safety Showers

• Areas where chemical and other haz. sub. Are handled or stored

Safety Signs / Safety Plans

• Provided throughout the facility

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VENTILATION - GENERALLY• Natural ventilation (preferred) or mechanical (HVAC)

• Natural ventilation in open process/utility areas – avoid build up –min. 12 ACH

• At least two sides of modules open for natural ventilation

• Use grating rather than plated decks (where possible)

• Avoid congestion/confinement and stagnant zones

• Reduce blocking ratio

33Refer to sec. 4 for further aboutventilation


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VENTILATION (HVAC) - OBJECTIVES• Avoid ingress of gas/vapours into unclassified area (overpressure)

• In enclosures with leak sources, to ensure sufficient ventilation toreach zone 2 classification or unclassified area.

• Provide sufficient air changes to remove fumes, etc.

• Ensure sufficient air/oxygen supply to rooms

• Provide comfort (supply cold or hot air) to keep a comforttemperature in rooms and areas

• Separate HVAC systems in hazardous and non-hazardous areas

must be provided.

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VENTILATION (HVAC) - STANDARDS• ISO 15138, Offshore Production Installations, Heating, Ventilation

and Air-conditioning

• As guide/as required), NORSOK H-001, HVAC

• IP 15 / IEC 60079-10-1

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VENTILATION (HVAC) – INTAKE / EXHAUST• Ventilation air intake at or below cellar deck level, preferably up-

wind

• Separate from combustion air intake for turbines

• Minimum 3 meter to classified area; preferably more

• Intake and exhaust on same side of platform to equalize

pressures from wind

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VENTILATION (HVAC) - EQUIPMENT• Gas turbines in enclosure in hazardous area:

• Overpressure, min. 5 mm WG above surroundings

• 90 air changes per hour minimum

• Ventilation air intake from unclassified area min. 3 m from classifiedarea and as far from classified area boundary as possible.

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VENTILATION (HVAC) - EQUIPMENT• Gas turbines in enclosure in unclassified area:

• Underpressure, min. 5 mm WG below surroundings


• Ventilation air exhaust outside ”turbine hall”

• Ventilation air intake from unclassified area min. 3 m from classifiedarea and as far from classified area boundary as possible

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VENTILATION (HVAC) – ROOMS & ACCOMMODATION• Equipment rooms, workshops, CCR, Accommodation, etc.

• Overpressure, min. 5 mm WG above surroundings


• Ventilation air intake from unclassified area min. 3 m from classifiedarea but as far from boundary of classified area.

• Air intake preferably under the cellar deck

• Workshop (welding etc), Laboratory: Local Exhaust Ventilation inaddition

• Both in supply and exhaust ducting, fire dampers when ducting

penetrates fire rated barriers to areas with high fire risk

• Diesel engine room, Galley, Laundry

• NOTE: If water locks in drain system are not sufficiently water

filled, ventilation may shortcut through drains.

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VENTILATION (HVAC) – RISK OF HEAVY GASSES• In areas / rooms with risk of heavy gasses (laboratory, roomswith LPG bottles, areas handling gas condensate, etc.)

• Air supply at high level

• Air exhaust at low level

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HVAC – AND AREA CLASSIFICATION• Accommodation, min 12 ACH, min. 5 mm WG overpressure

• Gas turbines in unclassified area: Min. 5 mm WG underpressure,

90 ACH

• Gas turbines in classified area: Min 5 mm WG overpressure, 90

ACH

• Above requirements follows IP 15 and IEC/EN 60079-10-1

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FIRE WATER SYSTEM

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Consists typically of the following:

• Firewater

• Fire water pump(s)

• Jockey pump(s)

• Ring main

• Deluge systems

• Monitors

• Hydrants

• Hose reels

• Foam systems


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FIRE WATER SYSTEM - STANDARDS

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• ISO 13702, Petroleum and Natural gas industries - Control andmitigation of fires and explosions on offshore productioninstallations - Requirements and guidelines

• NFPA 13, Standard for the installation of sprinkler systems.

• NFPA 15, Standard for water spray fixed systems for fire protection

• NFPA 20, Standard for the installation of stationary pumps for fireprotection.

• CAA Requirements, (UK CAP 437, ICAO), Requirements forhelicopter decks on offshore installations


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FIRE WATER SYSTEM – DELUGE/PUMP SYSTEMS

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• Typically one deluge system per fire zone (fire area) in areaswith flammable materials

• Refer to “Area Fire Protection Layouts”

• A fire zone may be covered by more than one deluge system, incase of fire, deluge in the entire zone must be released.

• A very efficient fire zone division required (use of “wings” at firebarriers) to avoid to consider release of deluge in adjacent areas

to a zone with fire.• ISO 13702 only require sizing to the largest area plus any

anticipated manual fire-fighting demand (monitors/hosestreams)

• Deluge water requirements as per ISO 13702 / NFPA 15 and inaccordance with the FES

• One spare pump (typically 2 x 100% firewater pumps)

• On smaller installations, combined SW/FW systems allowed


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• Area fire protection layout showing required FW intensities:


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• ISO 13702, Type of protection & intensities:

Area/Room Type of protection in

addition to portable

Typical minimum

water application

rates

Comments

Wellhead area Deluge/foam/dry

chemical

10

(or 400 L/min/well)

Process area Deluge/foam/dry

chemical

10

Pumps/compressors Deluge/foam 20

Gas treatment area Deluge/dry chemical 10 Foam if area contains

significant flammable liquidsMethanol area Alcohol-resistant

foam/deluge

10 Portable foam units if the

methanol area is small

Water injection treatment

area

None if no HC

Drill floor Deluge 10 Only if FES shows role for this

system

BOP area Deluge/foam 400Turbine hall Deluge 10 Dedicated system only if

flammable inventories within

the hall

Wellhead area: Spray nozzles to point upward on the wellheads

rather than downward


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• ISO 13702, Type of protection & intensities:Area/Room Type of protection in

addition to portable

Typical minimum

water application

rates

Comments

Turbine hood CO2, gaseous or watermist

Interlock access to hood ifgaseous

Switch board room None To be confirmed in developing

FES

Battery room None

Emergency generator

room

water mist/foam/deluge 10 Effetc of water on equipment

in the room should be

evaluated

Fire pump room Water mist/deluge 10 Effetc of water on equipment

in the room should be

evaluated

HVAC room None

Mechanical workshop Sprinkler 6

Instrument workshop Sprinkler 6

Storage of gas bottles None Provided stored externally

and not exposed to radiantheat

Accommodation None

Helideck Foam/dry chemical 6

Escape and eveacuation

routes

Water curtain 15 L/min/m to

45 L/min/m


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FIRE WATER SYSTEM – FIRE WATER PUMPS

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• Fire water pumps shall have two different means to start the pumpautomatically.

• Electrically driven from emergency power system or diesel driven

• Located, or protected, so that it is able to supply water in a fireemergency. Remote from process areas, upwind to this area.

• Normally in H60 protected enclosure or non hazardous area (A60),pumps separated from each other.

• Diesel units with “day tank” (ISO 13702 only require sufficient fuel forrunning time as per the FES)

C S O G CO S


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FIRE WATER SYSTEM – RING MAIN

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• Designed to provide adequate amount and pressure (10-13 barg).

• Routed or protected to avoid damage from incident. (often routed

under decks)

• In wellhead areas protected by main structural beams

• Adequate number of isolation valves (accessible)

• Suitable arrangements for testing

• Dead legs shall be avoided



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FIRE WATER SYSTEM – RING MAIN

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FIRE WATER SYSTEM – DELUGE SYSTEMS• Deluge valve is normally hooked up to fusible loop(s) in the fire

zone

• Fusible loops laid out as per API 14C

• The dry deluge system covers areas and equipment, including

pressure vessels

• Typical layout of firewater on pressure vessel as per NFPA 15

• Deluge valve supplied from two sides of ringmain (preferred)

Inbal animations:

http://www.inbalvalves.com/english/valve_design.htm51



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FIRE WATER SYSTEM – DELUGE VALVE• Deluge valve is normally hooked up to fusible loop(s) in the fire

zone

• Located outside the protected area

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FIRE WATER SYSTEM – DELUGE VALVE• Fusible loops –

API RP 14C:

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FIRE WATER SYSTEM


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FIRE WATER SYSTEM

HYDRANTS AND HOSE REELS• Double hydrant stations

• Located so each point can be reached from at least two hydrants

or hose reel stations (hoses 20 m long).

• Connected to the ringmain

• Hose reels only in areas where hydrocarbon fire is not theprimary hazard

• Located minimum 15 meters from the spot it protects

• Accessible from other decks (preferred)

• Near stairways (preferred)

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FIRE WATER SYSTEM


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FIRE WATER SYSTEM

MONITORS• Located – when applicable:

• Helideck (if not DIFFS system)

• Bridge between two platforms – outside the protected fire zone

• If used otherwise, located outside protected fire zone

• Manually or remote controlled

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PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS


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LOCATION / CLASS OF EXTINGUISHERS• Close to access doors of rooms (Class A or B as applicable)

• On access stairways / within 3 meters, on each deck level (Class B)

• Near escape ways (Class B)• Adjacent to helideck (Class D)

• In the deck area, max. 15 meters between extinguishers (Class B)

• Each main corridor in accommodation (Class A)

• One per 4 persons in sleeping area/accommodation (Class A)

• Telecom room / electrical equipment rooms (Class C)

• Galley (Class A, B, C)

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LOCATION / CLASS OF EXTINGUISHERS• One for each storage room (applicable Class)

• On or in vicinity of each crane (Class B)

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LOCATION / CLASS OF EXTINGUISHERS• Safety Plans

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

DROPPED OBJECT PROTECTION

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• Required where crane(s) have to operate over hydrocarbon

containing equipment and high voltage transformers

• The DOP is designed for a certain load and a certain height, i.e.

an impact energy.

• Crane restricted areas is an alternative

• Most operators accepts crane operation under the PTW system

over certain equipment in the crane restricted areas



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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

DROPPED OBJECT PROTECTION

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THANK YOU


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THANK YOU

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7 safety systems

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