.

7

, 2013.

2

7 .

, 76/23

. , - , , . ,

. ,

, 650-02-310/1/2012-06 4.2.2013. : , 1. : 5000

CIP - ,

37.016:53(075.2)(076)

, ., 1953- 7 : : / . ; [ , , ]. - 1. . - : , 2013 ( : ). - 95 . : . ; 27 cm 5.000.

ISBN 978-86-89679-00-7

COBISS.SR-ID 202279180

3

......................................................................................................................................... 3 ......................................................................................................................................... 6 ................................................................................................................................................... 6 ................................................................................................................................................ 8 ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 . ............................................... 20 ................................................................................................................................................... 20 ................................................................................................................................................ 21 ..................................................................................................................................................... 22 ............................................................................................................................ 31 ................................................................................................................................................... 31 ................................................................................................................................................ 31 ..................................................................................................................................................... 32 . ..................................................................................... 39 ................................................................................................................................................... 39 ................................................................................................................................................ 40 ..................................................................................................................................................... 41 ......................................................................................................................... 47 ................................................................................................................................................... 47 ................................................................................................................................................ 48 ..................................................................................................................................................... 49 .......................................................................................................... 53 ............................................................................................... .................................. 54 ....................................................................................................................................... 58 ......................................................... 63 ...................................................................................................... 66 .................................................................................. 73 ........................................................................................ 75 ................................................ 82 ...................................................... 84 ........................................................ 86 .......................................... 89 ...................................................................................................... 91

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: . , N1.0 . , . , .

.N)(0.1 N2.0 , .

, , , . , , . . , .

. , . , .

3. .

, . pmaxtr, gmF . , ,

.

,

.

. 90 ,

FF - FF

pmax mgN Nmg /pmax

nmgN

n

pmax mg

mg

84

. , . , , ( ).

:

lhmax .

. . h l .

. . .

. .

.mm2

: : h = ( _____ ) mm

: l = ( _____ ) mm

]mm[h ]mm[srh ]mm[l ]mm[srl sr

srmax l

h

:

180lhmgmg :: np

srh srl

2

2

________cm_______cm_______

sr

srmax l

h

85

5

m V:

.

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,

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( ) ( ) , . ,

,

.

, :

.

. . . , , .

Vm

VgF 0p

0 V

Q gmQ

pFQQ VgQQ 0

gQQV

0

00 QQQ

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30 kg/m1000

86

. .

. .

, , .

.

( ).

30 m

kg ]N[Q ]N[Q

30 m

kgQQ

Q

___________

: .

: 1. .

, , .

2. , .

Q Q

1 2

1000

3

3321

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mkg

2

87

6

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s:

.

, ,

.

90, .

. . .

. 4. ( ), ( ) , .

. . . , . . .mm2

: .

sFA

sFA ppF

constv trFF

88

s . ,

. .

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. .

.

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:

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89

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,

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.

.

2,

.

,

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,

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. .

s . s = h. .mm2

. . .

constEEE pk

km

1m 1k mmM

90

. ( ). ( ). .

. . . .

.

. .

.

.

.

, .

= s = h = ( _____ ) mm

= _________ g = _________ g

= _________ g

= _________ g

1) ______ g 2) ______ g 3) ______ g

1) ______ g 2) ______ g 3) ______ g

1) ______ g 2) ______ g 3) ______ g

tm

2m

2t0 mmm 0m

tsrt

2sr/2 tsa

srsr /2 tstav 0m

0mMm 0m

2

2

kvmE

hgmE 0p

2

km 1m

1k mmM

tm

2m

2t0 mmm

Mmm 0

91

]kg[m ]s[t ]s[srt

22sr s

m2t

sa

sm2

srtsv ]J[

2

2

kvm

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2

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a , . ,vc .

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.

,

.

.

.

.

,

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.

.

.

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.

,

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.

1m 1t 2m 2t

st

21

2211s mm

tmtmt

93

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50 . m . , .

.m 2 mmm . .

.

. .

. .

.

. .

srt . . .

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, ,

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C60

2t

1t

st

m mmm 1

94

9

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.

.

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.

, (Kkg

J4200 ).

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, rt .

:

)()(

r

vrvv

ttmttcm

c .

C50

t

95

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.

( ).

. .m v mmm .

. vt .

, . .

. .

rt .

. .

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Kkg

Jc

m

t