7 characteristics of living things. 1 composed of cells all living things are made up of at least...
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7 Characteristics of Living Things
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1 COMPOSED OF CELLS1 COMPOSED OF CELLS
All living things are made up of at least one cell
Cell – • Basic or smallest unit of life
Membrane bound structure in which all life processes are carried out
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CELLS
All organisms are organized at the cellular level
This organization enables organisms to carry out important life processes.
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2 - REACT AND RESPOND2 - REACT AND RESPONDTO STIMULITO STIMULI (the environment)
• Stimulus – is anything that may cause an organism to react - Loud noises, hunger
• Response - the reaction to something in the environment - Run/cover ears, Eat/hunt for food
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Environment – All the surroundings of an organism
Homeostasis – maintaining a stable internal environment
Adaptation – Change in traits
over time that help an organism survive better in an environment; inheritable changes
3 Adapt to their 3 Adapt to their EnvironmentEnvironment
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4 REPRODUCE4 REPRODUCE
Asexual – single parent produces offspring identical to parent
Sexual – 2 parents produce unique offspring having characteristics or traits of each parent
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5 Contain DNA5 Contain DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Genetic material that contains the “blueprints” for each organism
Provides directions for the making of proteins
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6 OBTAIN & USE ENERGY6 OBTAIN & USE ENERGYExchange materials with the Exchange materials with the
environmentenvironment Required to carry
out life processes- making and breaking down food, movement of materials and building of cells
Metabolism – the sum of all the chemical processes in an organism
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METABOLISMMETABOLISMThe Sum of All Biochemical ProcessesThe Sum of All Biochemical Processes
1. Obtain Nutrition Sun is the source of
most energy
Producers - Make food
Consumers - Eat
Decomposers – Absorb
2. Digestion – Break down of large food particles into smaller pieces
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3. Respiration – Mixing food with oxygen (O2) to release energy
Food + O2 H2O + Waste
Energy
4. Synthesis – Process of putting together or building up
Making more cells – Growth
Repair of Replace old cells
5. Excretion – removal of wastes
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7 GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT7 GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
• GROWTH – the increase in size of an organism
• Surface to volume ratio limits how large a cell can grow
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Growth in Single-Celled Growth in Single-Celled OrganismsOrganisms
In single-celled organisms growth occurs by an increase in cell size
Cell can either stay big or divide
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Growth in Multi-celled Growth in Multi-celled OrganismsOrganisms
In multi-celled organisms growth occurs by production of new cells
Increases the total number of cells in the organism
Increases total surface to volume ratio
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Surface to Volume
Volume
Surface area
Volume
H2O
O2 , Food
Wastes
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DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTDevelopment –
All the changes an organism undergoes as it grows and matures
Newborn puppies can’t see at birth
Human babies develop the ability to speak and walk
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Stages in Human Life CycleBirth Infancy Childhood Adolescence Adulthood Advanced Adulthood Death
LIFE SPANLIFE SPANAll organisms, and individual cells,
have a specific life span
Includes: Birth Death
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4 Basic Needs of All Living Things
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Food Needed to provide
Energy to carry out life processes Ultimate source of energy
is the sun
Can get food as a producer, consumer or decomposer
Provides raw materials for growth and repair
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WaterWater Cells contain ~70%
water Needed to release
energy in food and for other biochemical reactions
Required for transporting materials throughout organism
Helps with dissolving or diluting waste products
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Air or GasesAir or Gases Carbon Dioxide (CO2) required for
photosynthesis - converting of energy from sun into food (glucose) organisms can use
Oxygen (O2) required for respiration- releasing of energy from food (glucose) into energy organism can use
Other gases are needed in smaller amounts for various life processes; not required by all organisms
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EnvironmentEnvironment Abiotic-non-living
parts; physical features such as air, water, temperature (climate)
Must contain all the needs for that organism to survive
Biotic - living parts; other organisms that meet all 7 characteristicsLiving things may have to compete for their living space
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