59_chapter 2 the fertile crescent (1)

8/8/2019 59_chapter 2 the Fertile Crescent (1)

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CHAPTER 2 THE FERTILE CRESCENT

SECTION 1 LAND BETWEEN TWO RIVERS1. The first known school were set up in Sumer about __________________

2. They taught a new invention ____________________________

3. Graduates became scribes or ____________________________________

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING

1. Sumer was located in a region called ________________________________2. It had rich ___________ and life-giving _____________________

LOCATION OF MESOPOTAMIA

1. Mesopotamia means ____________________________________2. Mesopotamia lies between the _________________- and __________________ rivers

3. The Fertile Crescent is located in ______________________ Asia

RIVERS OF LIFE AND DEATH1. The flood waters brought _______________________ as well as gifts.

2. Floods did not always happen _____________________________________3. The floods swept away __________________________________________________

4. Survivors would _____________________ and __________________________

THE FIRST CITIES

INDEPENDENT CITIES FORM

1. Cities in Mesopotamia did not _______________________

SUMERIAN RELIGION1. A brick building at the heart of the city was the _____________________________

SUMERIAN TEMPLES

1. Religious, social and economic activities took place at the _______________________2. Ziggaruts were __________________________________ made of

______________________________ linked by ________________ and _____________

3. A the top was a ___________________________

5. Sumerians believed that gods descended to Earth using ziggaruts as a________________________

ANCIENT RELIGIOUS BELIEFS1. A belief in many gods is called ________________________________________

Sumerian _____________ explain peoples beliefs.

HONORING THE GODS

1. Sumerians honored their gods in ____________________________

2. Temple priests washed the _____________________________ before and after each

meal was offered.


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3. _________________ sounded and ____________________ burned

4. ______________ was eaten after it was presented to the gods.

THE FALL OF SUMER

1. Its ________________________-- was its downfall.

2. Sumerian city-states fought ______________________________3. Around 2300 B. C. Sumer was conquered the ____________________________

a) King ________________________ united all the Sumerian city-states.

b) Sumer remained united for about ____________________________ until it dissolvedinto independent ____________________________

4. It fell to ____________________________ in the 1700s B. C.

SECTION 2 BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA1. King Sargon II of Assyria attacked the kingdoms of ________________________ and

_______________________________ in 714 B. C.

2. Sargon II let the fleeing king of Uratu go as a

_______________________________________

THE TWO EMPIRES OF MESOPOTAMIA1. An _____________________ is an area of many territories and peoples that is

controlled by on ___________________________

2. _____________________ was the center of the Babylonian empire.

The Babylonians and Assyrians had two things in common: their quest for________________ and they were

___________________________________________________

THE BABYLONIAN EMPIRE

1. A Babylonian king named _______________________ united the cities of Sumer.

a) He conquered lands all the way to ___________________________________

A CROSSROADS OF TRADE

1. The Babylonians created a system of ________________________2. ______________________ stopped in Babylon on their way to and from the cities of

Sumer to the south and Assyria to the north.

3. In the _______________________, shoppers could buy their goods.

WEALTH THROUGH CONQUEST

1. About 1706 B.C., Hammurabi conquered the city of ___________________________

2. By 1600 B.C. Babylon had been __________________________________________

THE EMPIRE OF THE ASSYRIANS

1. The Assyrians thought that the best method of defense was to ____________________2. By 650 B. C. Assyria stretched across the _______________________________, from

the ______________________ to the ___________________________


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ASSYRIAS CONTRIBUTIONS

1. They invented the ________________________________________

2. Their capital , ________________________, became a city of great learning3. It had a remarkable ________________________ that held thousands of

_____________________________________

ASSYRIA OVERTHROWN

1. The Assyrians had few ___________________________

2. Two groups , the _________ and ____________________ joined together to defeat theAssyrians.

BABYLONIA RISES AGAIN

1. King _____________________________ rebuilt the city of Babylona) He put up massive ______________________

b) He built a gigantic ____________________________

c) This palace rose to a height of ______________________________

d) It had dazzling _______________________ and ___________________________e) He built it for his _______________________________

ADVANCES IN LEARNING

1. Chaldean astronomers charted the paths of the _______________ and measured the

length of a ______________________

2. Chaldean farmers raised ______________________________3. Babylonia fell to the _______________________ led by ________________________

SECTION 3 THE LEGACY OF MESOPOTAMIA

HAMMURABIS CODE

1. A _______________, or organized list of laws.2. _____________________________ ruled from 1792-1750 B.C.

3. The code was based on __________________________________________________

AN EYE FOR AN EYE

1. The harshness of the punishment depended on ho important

the_____________________________________________________________________

2. A person who accidentally broke a law was just as ____________ as someone whomeant to break the law.

LAWS FOR EVERYONE1. Hammurabis code is important because they were ________________________

2. Everyone knew the ________________ and the __________________________


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THE ART OF WRITING

ANCIENT SCRIBES1. Writing first developed in Mesopotamia around __________________________

2. _________________________________ were very important people in Sumer.

a) Only a few people _____________________________3. None of the records were written on ____________________

a) Scribes kept their notes on ________________

A RECORD IN CLAY

1. The _________________________________ provided clay to write on.

a) Clay was shaped into _____________________

b) Made their letters with ____________________________c) The shape and size of a tablet depended on its ____________________

d) Larger tablets were used for _____________________________________

e) Smaller tablets were used for ____________________________

HOW WRITING WAS INVENTED

1. They used sharp pieces of clay as _________________________________2. They used clay tokens to keep ______________________

3. At first, written words were _____________________

4. Scribes combined symbols to make groups of wedges and lines known as

___________________________________

SECTION 4 MEDITERRANEAN CIVILIZATIONS

PHOENICIAN SEA POWER

1. _________________ WAS THE MAJOR CITY IN Phoenicia

MASTERS OF TRADE

1. Phoenicians settled in a land that had limited ___________________________

a) Used snails to __________________________b) Had immense ________________ forests

2. Phoenicians looked to the __________ for profits.

a) Controlled trade in the _______________________________________

b) Came back with stories of ____________________________________c) These stories kept others from trying to compete for trade in the ________________

EXOTIC MARKETPLACES1. Valuable goods were brought to the cities of ______________ and ______________

THE PHOENICIAN ALPHABET1. A set of symbols that represent the sounds of the language is an ________________

a) forms the basis of the _______________________ language

b) Each letter stood for one ______________________________


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The alphabet simplified _________________ between people who spoke different

languages.

THE RISE OF THE ISRAELITES

1. Called ____________________ at first , they became known as _________________

2. Many of the stories come from the _____________________3. Abraham may have lived between __________________ and _______________ B. C.

ABRAHAM THE LEADER1. Abraham practiced ________________________________________

FROM CANAAN TO EGYPT

1. Abraham led his people to the land of __________________________2. A ________________ spread in the land

a) This caused the Israelites to go to ____________________

b) The Egyptian king forced the Israelites into ________________________

IN THE DESERT

1. _______________ led the Israelites out of Egypta) This is called the _______________________

b) For _________________, the Israelites wandered in the desert of the

________________________________________________

c) god gave the Israelites the _________________________________, a code of laws

SETTLEMENT IN CANAAN

1. The Israelites united under their first king, _______________________2. The next king, _____________________, established his capital in

________________

A DIVIDED KINGDOM

1. After David died, ________________________ inherited the kingdom

2. After Solomons death, the kingdom split into _____________________________a) The north was called ______________________________

b) The South was called ___________________________________

3. __________________________ conquered the Israelites

SENT INTO EXILE

1. The Assyrians _______________________ the Israelites

a) They controlled Judah unto Assyria was conquered by the________________________

a) in 587 B.C. the king of ______________________ rebelled

b) King _________________________________ destroyed the capital city of___________________________________________

c) The Israelites were sent into exile to _______________________


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SECTION 5 JUDAISM

THE BELIEFS OF JUDAISM1. ____________________ and _____________________- were closely connected

a) Their beliefs became known as ________________________

A PROMISE TO THE ISRAELITES

1. The Israelites believed that God is ________________________________

a) God knows ___________________________ and has complete _______________God promised Abraham that his people would become _________________ and

____________________________________

2. God made a ______________________ with Abraham./

a) This covenant was renewed by __________________________b) In return, the Israelites promised to _____________ God faithfully.

THE TEN COMMANDMENTS

1. Some set out religious duties toward _______________ while others are rules for_________________________________

2. The Torah set out many other laws: ex. how ________________ should be prepared,etc.

JUDAISM AND WOMEN

1. Laws protected ______________________________a) Mothers are to be treated with ________________________

b) In other religions, women were considered to be of lower status than ______________

c) _______________________ was a Judge2. Women were not allowed to take part in many ________________________ roles.

JUSTICE AND MORALITY1. A ________________________________ is a religious teacher who is regarded as

speaking for God

2. Told the Israelites about how God them to _____________________a) ____________________________ could bring disaster

3. Prophets preached a code of ethics, or ________________________

a) All people were ____________________ before God

b) Their leaders were __________________________

THE EFFECTS OF JUDAISM

1. Jews saw their homeland controlled by various foreigners, including the_____________

a) The Romans drove the Jews out of their homeland in ________________

NEW SETTLEMENTS

1. The scattering of people is called a ____________________________

a) Jews preserved their _______________________

b) They lived together in close ____________________________


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c) They took care to obey their ________________________________, worship in their

_________________________________ and follow their ______________________

d) The celebration of ______________________ is one tradition.

EFFECTS ON LATER RELIGIONS

1, Judaism had influence on _____________________________- and _____________a) Both religions have their ________________________________ in Judaism

b) Both originated in the same ______________________________ area

c) Both are ____________________________________d) They all honor __________________________________________________

e) They share the same _______________________ of view that the Israelites first

developed.

59_chapter 2 the fertile crescent (1)

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