51 chernigov secret caves and their role to history_ eg

8/9/2019 51 CHERNIGOV SECRET CAVES AND THEIR ROLE TO HISTORY_ EG

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Chernigiv Secret Caves 1

HE MYSTERY OF CHERNIGIVS

ANCIENT CAVES

Copyright 2009
http://serg-klymenko.narod.ru/Other_World/Photo/Ukraine.Chernigiv/IMG_0424.htm


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Novel of NON DEEP REALITY FANTASY PRODUCT

With lots of love dedicated, to my parents, to EL_lines in Natalia, Olga,

Onder, and of course to my colleaguesBy Price

LIAPIS PanagiotisWith lots of love dedicated, to my parents, to EL_lines in Natalia, Olga,Onder, and of course to my partners

By PriceLIAPIS Panagiotis

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LIAPIS Panagiotis

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. 210-6149149

. 6937097443

-mail [email protected]

210.8065618 6937097443
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Author LIAPIS PanagiotisTitleAddr K. Varnali 12 15121 Pine AthensTel 210-6149149

Mob. 6937097443E-mail [email protected] 210.8065618 6937097443

A few words from the author

My Friends in this textbook, take theknowledge that until now store it industy Greek manuscripts of Plato,Aristotle and other ancient fotodotonin damp basements monasteries and

private libraries disekatomyriouchon. We revealed throughmasterfully blended events of economy, religion, Greek historyand mythology, the confirmations of Medicine and themultidimensional social structures, the Greek discovery ofether for which spoke Platonas and Aristotle, the mineral

krystalyka and electrical properties, their initiatory secretcaves, history, radiation and their effects on human health,MIND CONTROL is the technical control of the mind legendsand myths, travel guides, the history of Russia and Mongolia,Dynasty RURIC, the Greek supremacy, The Secret of theLiving Water, forecasts in recent days, the establishment of the4th Reich, well read, and its organization, methods ofprevalence of the 4th Reich, Geostrategic, The Secrets of theParthenon, The stolen works of art, naturally leads businesssurvival in difficult times. There are missing from my literary

work of literature, prayer and research on photovoltaictechnology in whose threshold of energy is free. Alsopresented a series of investigations on a series of error eventsfor the signs, and possible manipulation of cosmogony,incidents involving the Nazis and the possible bases in space,President Obama, and the new doctrine Panthriskeiaslaunched in conjunction with the Worship infernal beings are anew mirror through which can be seen the current scene of theenormous progress in the areas of MIND CONTROL, the chipEMV of Bill Gates on bank credit cards, the emerging banking

system in relation to economic crashes of America TheSIONISMOS and the New World Order of the 4th Reich, andPEOPLE CLONES - Men in Black, and the CIA in connection


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with the anti-government slogans and reactive walls define a new reality, which leadsto control police forces in Use of Sound for centuries hidden weapons ancient Greeksdeveloped from the Greek National Nuclear epistimoina C. Gkiolva. The creations ofthe Plan "Arrow" (sound rule) and the sound "Artemis", as are sources on the web arepresented in detail below in relation to biological warfare aircraft from the US-spray

from chemical and microbial air over cities. Trying to minimize the harmful effects thatusing genetics Industry, extensive fires, building new towns in the concentrationcamps of D Reich, apply geostrategic implementation plan new war in the Balkansbecause of Kosovo, where the project "Blue Ray" at the upcoming mayhem by theend of 01/2010 will chrisimopoiithoun new weapons bass Police with physical effectsof radiation on the human organism KARKINOUS

By PriceLIAPIS Panagiotis


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CAUTION - SIGNIFICANT MARKINGS TO READER1. This project is a bottomless MYTHISTORIMA Reality2. Clarifies Developed Fiction

3. Any resemblance to actual persons, locations and events are imaginary,purely accidental, not existing in the present reality and past it.4. Copyrights on works protected by the current constitution, laws andjurisprudence5. Prohibited the reproduction and distribution of all or part of the documentwithout the prior written permission of the author and an award identifyingfigures and in words of the author's remuneration, rights and remuneration ofthe Greek state, the duration of the contract and the parties.6. The document bears a registered trademark

7. The project is only available for private use, prohibited the reading publicall or part of it.8. The work donate to the library of the Greek state request and compliedwith the legislation providing for the process.9. For Greek citizens: To book not sold through bookstores and other retailoutlets. KNOWLEDGE donors.10. The book takes seeker typing costs and expenses of this mission.11. The Writer LIAPIS Panagiotis receive no remuneration (money) making awork available

12. The book has no subversive of the system concept, but instead Netconglomerate of all the Greeks of Planet Earth, 120,000,000 Greeks to createwell-governed society as defined by the democratic, elected ParliamentaryAntiptosopous People (primary form of power)13. The GREECE Fri all the problems exist because of the scandalousEVNNOIA OF MARY. The Greeks GYIOS DEFKALIONOS OF, THE LIGHT,AS NO ONE GREEK even no hope, no justice. Amen.

Copyright by Panagioti Liapi

THE BOOK IS NOT FOR SALE

I GIVE THE KNOWLEDGE FREE NO COST

AT THE BEGINNINGON EARTH FROM TITHIS WAS ONLY TWOAUTHENTIC RACES, GREEKS and DRACONIANS.

GREEKS HAVE THE MARK OF SUNNY SOUL IN THE EYES

DRACONIANS HAVE THE MARK OF KNIFE IN THE BACK BUTONLY THE MEMBERS OF THE CIRCLE KNOWS THAT.


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(From Dialogues of Diomidis with Alexander the Great )


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Some believe the city was named after itsfounder, the warrior Cherniga. Locals preferthe romantic legend about a girl who threwherself out a window rather than be forcedto marry against her will. Her father, PrinceChornyy, was allegedly the founder of thetown and was buried there in the ChornaGrave.Most of Chernigivs architectural sitesare found in Dytynets, an historical area inthe centre of town. The earliest settlements

appeared at the beginning of the first millennium, and in the 8th-12th centuries, thetowns fortifications came into being. On the east, Dytynets borders the Desnabeside what is known as the Ramparts, where there are still twelve old cannonsonce used for the citys defense. The citys historical treasure is the 11 th-centuryChurch of the Transfiguration of Our Saviour. One of the oldest cathedrals ofthe Kyivan Rus, it was built by the legendary Prince Mstislav the Brave, whoseremains were laid to rest there, along with the remains of Prince Igor and PrinceSvyatoslav. The weapons of the Kyiv princes and the battle colours of ChernigivsCossack regiments are also preserved there. The Cathedral of St Boris and St

Glib, also in Dytynets, was built in the 12

th

century on the foundations of an evenearlier building. The Tsars Gates, built at the beginning of the 18 th century by theorder of Hetman Ivan Mazepa, still stand there, and the cathedral itself houses anarchitectural exposition. The 18th-century St Katherines Church near Dytynetsis considered the symbol of Chernigiv. It houses the oblasts Museum of Folk andDecorative Art (tel.: 0462-43-236).The Chernigiv area is a prize catch for researchers, since theMezinska excavation site is unrivalled in the world. About 20thousand years ago, people of the late Palaeolithic periodlived in the few primitive shelters there. Tools made from the

local chalky flint along with interesting works of ancient art,such as a bracelet made from mammoth ivory, femalefigurines and pendants were found at the site. Theseartefacts are on display in the Chernigiv V.V. TarnovskyHistorical Museum (4 Gorky St., tel.: 0462-17-66-50, 17-67-93). But the most interesting exhibits are a noisy braceletsimilar to a castanet and six mammoth bones decorated with patterns thatrepresent the worlds only remnants of a Palaeolithic percussion orchestra! Byanalysing the impact patterns on the bones, experts have even been able to

reconstruct the music composed in those prehistoric times.


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Secrets of the Chernigiv Caves

The most mystic and visited place in Chernigiv are the legendary StAnthonysCaves at the Holy Trinity-St Elias Monastery (92 Tolstoy St.), one of the oldest

remnants from the times of the Kyivan Rus. In 1069 the founder of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, St Anthony of the Kyiv Caves, visited Chernigiv. Later amonastery was built there, and the famous St Elias Church appeared in the 12th

century.For many centuries the monks dug catacombs until an undergroundcomplex appeared. These catacombs have been the site of many phenomena forwhich there is no scientific explanation. In the 1960s, members of archaeologicalexpeditions claimed to hear strange sounds and to smell the aroma of burningincense, and they often reported feeling that someone was breathing down thebacks of their necks. In 1970, the famous Black Monk, an apparition in a long

black robe, made his first appearance Most visitors to the caves experienceincreased vitality, a feeling of euphoria and the correction of abnormal heartrhythms, so from time immemorial, people from all over Ukraine have travelledthere to be cured of various ailments.Besides the caves, the Holy Trinity-St EliasMonastery boasts the Holy Trinity Cathedral (1679), where the relics of StFeodosy and St Lavrenty are kept, the Church of the Presentation with arefectory (1677) and a 58-metre bell tower that offers a fascinating view of thecity. No wonder these picturesque places have inspired many Ukrainian writers!From 1898 to 1913, the great writer Mikhailo Kotsyubinsky lived and worked inChernigiv. A museum now occupies his house on the street named after him. The

author of Shades of Forgotten Ancestors is buried near St Anthonys Caves.Another prominent Ukrainian writer, Leonid Glibov, is buried at the Holy Trinity-StEliasMonastery.

From 1669 to 1708 and again from 1750 to 1764, thecity of Baturin was the residence of HetmansSamoilovych and Mazepa and the last Ukrainianhetman, Kyryl Rozumovsky. The classical palace (1799-1803) is dilapidated but fascinating. The museum oflocal lore and history (tel.: 04635-48-437) is also worth avisit, and you can pay for a guided tour of theRozumovsky family burial vault, the Church of theResurrection.The Kachanivka History and Culture Reserve (tel.:04633-24-193) is open from March to September. Aunique collection that belonged to the Tarnovskys, an

aristocratic family, was created at the end of the 18th

century and was completely restored in 1980. The


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museum has fragments of V. Tarnovsky Jrs collection, dedicated to TarasShevchenko, who was a frequent guest of the family.The Monastery of the Transfiguration of Our Saviour is the point of greatestinterest in Novgorod-Siversky, capital of the Siversky principality in the mid 11th

century. According to one account, it was founded in 1033 by Prince MstislavVladymyrovych to thank God for victory over Kyivs Prince Yaroslav; according toanother version, it was founded by Yaroslav the Wise in 1036. The Cathedral ofthe Transfiguration of Our Saviour (1785-1787) has a museum exposition called

A Word Concerning Igors Regiment (Pushkin St., tel.: 04658-21-521).Thepartially preserved, 10th-century Yurievs House of Prayer is the second mostimportant monument of the Kyivan Rus period, after St Sophias Cathedral, anddraws visitors to the city ofOsterin the Kozelets district.The first historical reference to the town ofNizhyn appeared in 1147. It was oncethe site of trade fairs, a Cossack community and a former Greek colony in

Ukraine. It is also home to the famous Nizhyn Teachers Training University,founded in 1820, where the great writer Mykola Gogol studied.

In the village of Sosnytsa in the Mensky district, visitors can see the logcabin where the great Ukrainian screenwriter and film producerAlexander Dovzhenko was born, as well as an exhibit about him inthe Literature and Memorial Museum (2 Dovzhenko St.; tel.: 04655-21-590).

The best way is by car along the Kyiv-Chernigiv road or by public transport vanfrom the Lisova metro station. The two-hour trip costs UAH10.UkraineInternational Airlines offers convenient, daily flights to Kyiv from almost eachcapital of Western Europe.For more information on flights schedules andticket reservations, please contact the UIA office in Kyiv at (+380 44) 581-5050, or visit the UIA website: www.flyUIA.com

Places to Stay and Relax

Slovyansky Hotel ComplexJust 200 metres from the citys main square with deluxe and semi-deluxe suites,single and double rooms with all amenities, a caf/bar, sauna, pool and parking.Address: Chernigiv,33 Myra Ave., Tel.: (04622) 74-604Gradetsky HotelChernigivs biggest hotel is a 10-minute walk from the centre and has deluxe andsemi-deluxe suites, single and double rooms and probably the best cuisine intown.Address: Chernigiv, 68 Myra Ave., Tel.: (04622) 45-025
http://www.flyuia.com/http://www.flyuia.com/http://www.flyuia.com/http://www.flyuia.com/http://www.ukraine-international.com/http://www.flyuia.com/http://www.flyuia.com/http://www.ukraine-international.com/


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Etoile CafeLocated on the Ramparts and verypopular with the locals, it offers theCourage disco, billiards, the Traffic Lightbowling alley and delicious, inexpensivemeals.Address: Chernigiv, 50 Pyatnitska St.,Tel.: (0462) 18-57-30Old Town TavernSituated on the towns main street, it hasa quiet atmosphere and offers a variety of

reasonably priced Ukrainian dishes.Address: Chernigiv, 32 Myra Ave., Tel: (04622) 7-41-65

Chernihiv caves

Chernihiv caves. From generation to generation people retell truestories and even legends about them, sometimes keen and romantic.Evennowadays some believe in the legend about an underground way fromChernihiv to Kyiv. But is it only a beautiful legend for the Pechersk

monastery?


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In ancient times there was a monastery which consisted of smallunderground buildings. They are caves, which were used by monks forreligious ceremonials and living, cave necropolises (kymityrii) andunderground churches. By the way even nowadays they impress visitors and

researches by their sizes and architectural shapes. Thus, the height of Rev.Theodosius Totemskyi church reaches 8 m 40 cm which is nearly like three-storey building (and this is under the ground!). An apartment has a form ofoctahedron, walls are decorated with semi-circular and square niches, thereis a multi-profiled cornice above them and a dome completes church building.Today the underground complex of caves, 350 meters of total length,consists of two layers. Lower it the underground cemetery in a way.

Is this the only purpose these caves created? Or existed from the

past? The burial places are found everywhere here: in walls, in the floor ofgallery, in monastic cells But the most mysterious phenomenon of Anthonycaves is ghosts. They as if go out from the walls of caves and in a fewminutes dissolve midair or appear in total darkness. Mostly ghosts riseup near the monastic cell of Anthony Pecherskyi. Possibly, the founder ofcaves comes to examine underground buildings created by him. Manyarticles can be written about Anthony caves, but its better to see them. VisitBoldyn Hills and mysterious caves. Anthony caves museum works daily,without a break and days off, from 10.00 am till 6.00 pm.

Some legents says that St. Antony found a complex of caves and extended it.Why?


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Pachomius, Archbishop And Hieromartyr Of Chernigov

Archbishop Pachomius, in the world Peter Petrovich Kedrov, was born onJuly 30, 1876 (according to another source, 1877) in Yaransk, Vyatkaprovince, in the family of a priest (according to another source, his father wasa psalm-reader). He was the elder brother of the holy hieroconfessorAbercius, bishop of Zhitomir. Another brother, Michael, taught theology at theKremenetz and Vilna seminaries in Poland between the wars. After theSecond World War he became a monk and was consecrated Bishop ofWraclaw, where he soon died.

By nature Peter was serious, humble and meek, pensive and church-oriented. After preparatory theological training, he entered the KazanTheological Academy when Bishop Anthony (Khrapovitsky) was rector. He


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was given the office of candle-lighter. Being a little too zealous in hisreligiousness, Peter decided to fulfil literally the Lord's command: 'If thy righteye offend thee, pluck it out' (Matthew 5.29), and one night he attempted toburn out his right eye with a candle. His roommate at this time was Basil

Maximenko, the future confessor and archbishop of Jordanville. He wasawakened in the middle of the night by the grinding of teeth of his roommate,who was trying in this way to endure the pain. Seeing what had happened, heput up a cry and saved his friend's eye. However, the burns were so seriousthat it required surgery on the eyelid and eyebrow, and the scar remained forthe rest of his life.

In 1898 he was tonsured into monasticism by Bishop Anthony, who took himwith him on his transfer to Volhynia. There Fr. Pachomius did missionarywork while residing in the Derman Monastery near the Pochayev Lavra. In1899 he was ordained to the priesthood, and in 1900 graduated from theKazan Academy with the degree of candidate of theology. In 1905 he wasraised to the rank of archimandrite. In 1906 he became superior of theDerman monastery. On August 30, 1911 he was consecrated Bishop ofNovgorod-Seversky. In 1916 he became Bishop of Starodub, a vicariate ofthe Chernigov diocese. In 1917 he became Bishop of Chernigov.

In 1917-18 Vladyka Pachomius took part in the Local Council of the RussianOrthodox Church, and on October 30, 1917 delivered a report concerning theprocedure of electing the patriarch.


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When the White Army retreated and the Red Army took full control of Russia,the country was in total collapse, with transportation paralyzed. But this didnot stop Bishop Pachomius, who with his bishop's staff visited all thechurches of his diocese on foot! Since the left bank of the Dnieper River,

according to the new administrative division, belonged to the Chernigovdiocese, he also had to visit the outskirts of Kiev, and so he visited the KievCaves Lavra also. Bishop Pachomius was also the abbot of a localmonastery, where he resided.At that time there lived in Chernigov the fool-for-Christ Michael the Blessed.In the world he had been a highly respected civil engineer. Once he wascommissioned to build a large bridge. The bridge was constructed accordingto his specifications. One day the bridge collapsed killing several people. Soprofoundly was the engineer struck by the news of this tragedy that he took

off his expensive business suit and, putting on a long shirt, left his homenever to return. He became a fool-for-Christ's sake. He ate very little, hadalmost no place to sleep, knelt whole nights in prayer, and spoke very little,saying only: "Repent." The blessed Michael achieved great sanctity andfrequently visited Bishop Pachomius. When he died in 1922, the whole citylamented his righteous death and took part in the burial, which wasperformed by Bishop Pachomius with tears in his eyes.The same year the communist authorities made many attempts to arrest him.One day they stormed into the cathedral while the Divine Liturgy was being

celebrated in order to arrest him on the spot. The crowd of believers,however, thronged straight to the altar and prevented the arrest of theirbeloved archpastor for a time. But the GPU was not easily dissuaded from itsplan. The bishop had the habit of remaining for a long time in the altar afterthe service, and once, when only he and his cell-attendant remained, theGPU agents burst into the sanctuary and captured their holy victim. This wasthe first of many arrests of Bishop Pachomius. He was arrested and releasedtime and again. This continuous nightmare finally began to undermine the

bishop's peace of soul.

At about the same time, the communistauthorities throughout the whole ofRussia began a blasphemous"investigation" of holy relics, opening theshrines of many saints in an attempt toprove "scientifically" to the public thealleged falsity of the saints' incorruption.This movement produced frightful

spectacles of sacrilege, evokingenormous protests and resistance by thepeople, many of whom suffered


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imprisonment and banishment. But the "scientific investigators" werethemselves put to shame, for they themselves had to admit the incorruptionof the relics, which they could not explain scientifically, and this was printed inall the newspapers. The believing Orthodox rejoiced at the outcome, but the

authorities nevertheless did their work - they placed the saints' relics in anti-religious museums as "mummies". This campaign caused someconscientious bishops even to die from desperate sorrow at the mockery ofthe saints, as happened with Archbishop Anatolius of Irkutsk.Bishop Pachomius also had to suffer in this campaign. It was demanded thatthe relics of St. Theodosius of Chernigov be stripped and exposed to thepublic. Usually the atheistic commission of "scientists" would shake and tossthe relics, but Bishop Pachomius stood his ground, and, having put onepitrachelion and cuffs, did the unwrapping of the relics himself, shedding

painful tears in the presence of a large crowd of believers, who also wept andsobbed, seeing the communists would not leave even the dead alone. Thelater Archbishop Leontius of Chile, a close friend of Bishop Pachomius, haspreserved for us a rare photograph of the opening of the relics of St.Theodosius of Chernigov, showing the grieving Bishop Pachomius holdingthe relics and surrounded by his grief-stricken flock.After this the relics were confiscated, brought to Petrograd and exposed in ananti-religious museum together with dead rats and fossilized bones. But thebelievers, having bribed the guards, secretly served catacomb services

before the relics in the middle of the night. Evidently in connection with this,Bishop Pachomius was arrested.After his release in 1923 he could not return to his diocese, but found shelterin the St. Daniel Monastery in Moscow, whose abbot was the future martyr,Archbishop Theodore of Volokolamsk. On November 29, 1923 (according toother source: 1927 or 1929) he was raised to the rank of archbishop.According to one source, Vladyka Pachomius was in Kiev from 1923 to 1924without right of departure, and from 1924 to November, 1925 - in Moscowwithout right of departure. On December 10, 1925 he was arrested in

Moscow in connection with the affair of Metropolitan Peter of Krutitsa, wasimprisoned in Butyrki prison in Moscow and was sentenced to three years'exile in the camps.According to one source, he was then (from June, 1926 to 1928) exiled to theZyryansk region. But according to another source he was exiled to Solovki,transferred to Mai-Gub on the Baltic-White Sea canal in 1928 and transferredagain to Zyryansk from 1928 to 1930.In 1927, Archbishop Pachomius and his brother, Archbishop Abercius, wrotean epistle attacking Metropolitan Sergius' traitrous "declaration". They wrote:

"There can be no union between Church and State, when it has to do withour Orthodox Church and the Soviet Union, by reason of the fundamentaldifference in the basic views of the two sides. The only thing that is possible


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is a conditional agreement as to practical mutual relationships, solely on thefoundation of the principle of the separation of Church and State."In actual fact, can one even conceive of the Soviet State in union with theChurch? A State religion in an anti-religious State! A government Church in

an atheist government! This is an absurdity; it contradicts the nature of theChurch and the Soviet State; this is unacceptable both for a sincerelyreligious person and for an honest atheist."Professor Nesterov relates that Archbishop Pachomius arrived at the campalmost an invalid, with paralysis of the facial nerves. Because of his physicalweakness he could not be used in the building and was therefore sent in1932 to a camp for invalids at Kuzema. But even here he was sent out tophysical labour which was very difficult for him: carrying water, baking bread,etc.

Professor Nesterov relates an incident from this period which is verycharacteristic of the archbishop. One of the imprisoned professors wasworking in the office of the Kuzema camp as a scribe. He had to compile alist in quick order of those who had been sent to a different work point in theKuzema camp and had to work all night. The professor was tormented andirritable. In the morning Archbishop Pachomius came into the office andasked the professor whether he knew where and when they were being sent.The professor replied sharply:"You bother me, Vladyka!" -

and added a crude comment.Archbishop Pachomius humbly bowed down to his feet, asking forgivenessfor irritating him by his question. The professor became upset and in his turnasked forgiveness of the archbishop for his crudeness.In personal conversation with Professor Nesterov, Archbishop Pachomiusoften condemned the church policy of Metropolitan Sergius even moresharply and categorically than he had done in his epistle. By this time theresults of Metropolitan Sergius' policy had become clear, both with regard tothe fate of the Church herself in general, and with regard to the banished

bishops in particular. In place of the promised legalization, the liquidation ofchurches and clergy was proceeding at an increasing tempo. Bishops andpriests languished in prison without any hope of liberation. Exiles and arrestsnot only did not cease, but even increased.In the absence of Archbishop Pachomius, all the churches in the Chernigovdiocese commemorated Metropolitan Sergius until 1930, and so the TrueOrthodox who refused to accept "legalization" had to go to Kiev, to thecommunity of Abbess Sophia, to receive the Holy Mysteries.On his arrival in Chernigov from prison, there was a meeting between

Vladyka Pachomius and the "antisergianist" clergy. During this meetingIgumen Laurence (Proskura), Hieromonk Smaragdus (Chernetsky) andHieromonk Michael (Tyshkevich) expressed themselves strongly against the


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declaration of Metropolitan Sergius. (When Igumen Laurence heard the nameof Metropolitan Sergius commemorated he would put his hands over his ears!But he later joined the sergianists, and is now considered to be a saint bythem.) Also strongly against the declaration were Igumen Alypius

(Yakovenko) and Hieromonk Michael (Korma), who said that they wouldbreak communion with Vladyka Pachomius if he accepted the declaration.Vladyka accepted the point of view of these priests, although, according toBishop Damascene of Glukhov, a vicar of Archbishop Pachomius, he did notopenly and actively oppose the declaration. However, it is evident from the"affair" of the "counter-revolutionary activity" of a group of Chernigov clergy in1936, that in the middle of the 1930s Metropolitan Sergius' name was notcommemorated in the churches of Chernigov, but only the names of theOrthodox Patriarchs and Metropolitan Peter.

On October 3/16, 1930 (according to another source, 1932) ArchbishopPachomius was arrested in Chernigov for the last time. He was chargedaccording to article 54 (10) of the Ukrainian criminal code of "counter-revolutionary activity" and "inciting the priests to organize resistance to Sovietpower by joining forces, and his flat was searched. He was also accused ofhaving continued his religious activity during his exile in Zyryansk region in1925-28, by serving in the local church, corresponding with Chernigov clergy,and "corrupting" children by giving them sweets and crosses and not blessingthem to enter the pioneer organization. On November 4 he was sentenced to

five years in the camps, which he spent in Kotelnich, Vyatka district.According to one source, Archbishop Pachomius was killed on May 15, 1937(old style), according to another - on November 11, 1937 in Kotelnich.According to Protopresbyter Michael Polsky, he served his last sentence inhis homeland in the city of Yaransk, living under house arrest in the home ofhis brother, the protopriest. Once when the GPU came to arrest his brother,Vladyka Pachomius could not stand it, had a nervous breakdown and diedsoon after in hospital.According to some oral witnesses, on sensing the approach of death,

Vladyka took upon himself the podvig of foolishness for Christ...(Sources: M.E. Gubonin, Akty Svyateishego Patriarkha Tikhona, Moscow: St.Tikhon's Theological Institute, 1994, pp. 877-78; Russkiye PravoslavnyeIerarkhi, Paris: YMCA Press, 1986, p. 58; Ivan Andreyev, Russia's CatacombSaints, Platina, Ca.: St. Herman of Alaska Press, 1982, ch. 12; LevRegelson, Tragediya Russkoj Tserkvi, 1917-1945, Paris: YMCA Press, 1977,pp. 543, 550; Ikh Stradaniyami Ochistitsa Rus', Moscow, 1996, p. 73; G.Stankevich, "Budyet zhe Vam dlya Vsidetel'stva", Troic'kij Visnik (Chernigov),N 9 (18), 1995, p. 4; Bishop Ambrose (von Sievers), "Episkopat Istinno-

Pravoslavnoj Katakombnoj Tserkvi 1922-1997g.", Russkoye Pravoslaviye, N4(8), 1997, p. 5; I.I. Osipova, "Svoz' Ogn' i Vody Slyoz", Moscow:Serebryanniye Niti, 1998, p. 263)


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The Mother of God of Chernigov

While Lazar Baranovich was Archbishop

of Chernigov and Zosima was Abbot ofthe Ilinsk Monastery, tears poured forthfrom this icon from the 16th to the 24th ofApril, 1662. In that same year, the Tatarsattacked Chernigov and devastated all ofthe surrounding villages. However, themonks of the monastery knew nothing ofthe imminent danger. In the night, theyreceived the news. After rushing to the

church, and earnestly, tearfully, praying totheir Heavenly Intercessor, they hid in acave. At midnight the Tatars broke intothe monastery and looted the church, butthe miraculous icon and all of its precious

decorations remained untouched. An unseen power did not permit thebarbarians to touch the Holy Icon. That same unseen force kept them fromentering the cave where the monks were hiding. Suddenly, terrified by avision, the barbarians fled. Her feast is celebrated on April 16th (O.S.).

Where is this place? Are they truly caves dug out or natural formations? Iimagine caves being rather small, how did they build a church in them andhave so many monks in them? I have seen underground caverns here inTexas, is this how they were as well?

I have read of elders digging themselves a cave in the mountain side. Thatis an impressive feat for even the steepest grade hills, let alone a gentlesloping hillside. How deep were their caves? How tall? Were they like

mining tunnels?the Lavra's own website. It has plenty of photos, but photos of the cavesthemselves were kinda scarce (I didn't find any, but I might have missedsomething). There are a few notes about the caves themselves in theNationMaster articles on themonastery and on the near caves.

I am very curious as you can see about the cave dwellers

We promised to meet again, and Ludmila took me to St. Jobs cell beneathHoly Dormition Cathedral. Saint Job prayed and struggled as a recluse foryears in this tiny natural cave. A chapel has been built around the cave, and
http://www.naturalbridgecaverns.com/http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Kiev-Caves-Monasteryhttp://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Kiev-Caves-Monasteryhttp://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Near-Caveshttp://www.naturalbridgecaverns.com/http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Kiev-Caves-Monasteryhttp://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Near-Caves


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his relics repose outside of the cell. Ludmila took me to the cave, which hada long line of people waiting to enter it, but she exclaimed, This is anAmerican Orthodox pilgrim! Let him go first! All the other pilgrims nodded,and assented. A child called out, What is your name? in English. I looked at

the opening to the cave, which is about the size of two toasters, and Iimmediately told Ludmila, I wont fit in there! I wont go!Pray to the Bogoroditsa and anything is possible, called out a woman fromamong the lined-up pilgrims.Yes, but I am not small, I protested.I will go first, said Luda, who slid through the cave entrance with noproblem.Easy for you to say, I thought. Although I had lost some weight, I was stillkind of thick around the middle. I was also 69 in height. She came back out

and told me how wonderful it was to be able to venerate the icon of St. Joband stand there just like he had... go, well help you...I had visions of going down in Church history as the pilgrim who got stuckand required a fire crew to remove him, but Ludmila was still pushing me on the icon of your patron saint is around the corner, doubting Thomas. Hedidnt think it was truly the Lord until he could touch His side. Now, you donthave to doubt. I began to shimmy forward through the cave entrance, head first. I got myhead all the way in to find a priest who took my hand and began pulling me

in. Pray to the Bogoroditsa! he said cheerfully.Presviataia Bogoroditsa, spasi nas! I exclaimed and made it another fewcentimeters.Why dont you say it in English? asked Olga, a 10-year-old girl who wasalso in the cave. I hadnt known she was in there. Oh, dear, I thought. Imgoing to get myself stuck, and these two are going to starve to death as aresult!Most Holy Theotokos, save us! With a little more dragging, I did eventually get into the awkward cave, and I

said to the priest, St. Job wasnt a tall man, was he? I found the icon, andsaid a prayer to St. Job that Im sure hed heard many times before, St. Job,intercede before God for me, and get me out of this cave in one piece!Well, I figured, if I dont get out of the cave, I can stay here and fast for 40days. School wont start for a while...With the priest and Olga pushing on me, and Ludmila and another woman Idnever met pulling on me, I did pop out of the cave, feeling reborn in a spiritualand literal sense, having re-enacted my own birth as an adult. A doubter nomore!

Since this time my daughter met and married this wonderfully creative youngman and I am proud to have him as part of my family.


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The relics are actually full bodies in coffin sized boxes along the sides of thepassage ways leading down to the chapel. Each relic/saint has his namewritten on the coffin sized reliquary. Each coffin/reliquary is covered withglass on top so that veneration is possible.

I can tell you one thing- there is nothing on earth like being at Liturgy with thefull body of a saint literally beside yours.The mysteries of monastery caves.The first artificial caves appeared in Chernigiv (Chernigov) in the 11-thcentury. They were founded by famous Old Rus religious man Anthony whohad been founder of the Kiev-Pechersky monastery (Lavra).His monastery in Chernigiv consisted of churches, cells and burial places. Allof them were situated in the slopes of the Boldin Hills. St. Illya's church wasbuilt near the entry to the cave monastery in the 12-th century.

Nowadays it is the united underground complex the length of which is about350 meters. There are three churches and a few other premises andcorridors. Most of them were formed in the 18-th and the 19-th centuries butthere are some sections of the caves where ancient architecture ispreserved. First of all it is a large burial temple which appeared beforeMongolian period. It was discovered in 1987, cleared away and investigatedby Chernigiv archaeologists. This room is more than 300 cubic meters. Herewere found some rich archaeological materials and traces of the ancientburial rite.


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There are many legends about Chernigiv caves. They say that longunderground passages connected Chernigiv with Kyiv (Kiev) and Lubich(Lubech), that Anthony caves were connected with the Eletsky monastery

and the Val.Caves were being built in Chernigiv for centuries. Many of them were ruinedand forgot. But some of them are true. Even today exists tunel which connectthe Eletsky monastery and the Val. I know the next question is where is theentrance? You will find the entrance if you follow the passage of the water.But winters these underground tunels are full of water so there is no posibilityto walk inside it. Remember also that if you dive, even if you have very stronglights, the quality of the grownd is such that you cant see after 60cm whathappens. Its a real deadly trap.

Sometimes people see pasages for the mystic underground world andcaving-in take place in Chernigiv.One of such episodes happened between the Eletsky monastery and theTrinity monastery in 1853. Three men ventured to penetrate into the pit andsaw the cave. But it was pity they did not measure the undergroundpremises. The pictures were not made also. The entrance to the cave wascovered up with earth.Filling-in appeared in some places on the territory of the Val at the beginningof the 20-th century. After they had been investigated it became clear thatall

of them were made later than Anthony caves.So called the New caves which were digged out by monk Alypy in1918 are situated in the slope of the Boldin Hills not far from the Trinitymonastery. The underground premises were decorated by Ukrainian folkornaments. After the erection of that complex had been finished it wassanctified by bishop Pahomy. Some time later the New caves were desertedand partially ruined. Most of the ornaments disappeared. Nobody knows howmany caves there are on the territory of the Chernigiv region. But we arefirmly convinced of the fact that there are many of them. The most famous

caves are known in Lubich, if we set aside Chernigiv caves. It is explainedby the information that father of Russian monkhood saint Anthony was bornin this Old Rus town and spent there his youth. No less known are caves ofSpaso-Preobrazensky monastery in Novgorod-Siversky (Novgorod-Seversky).The cave small and secluded convent of Ryhlovsry Svyato-Nicholaevsky monastery in Korop vicinity was widely known at the end of the19-th century. Now it is neglected.Many legends about the local caves exist in Sedniv (Sednev). One desertedcave was found accidentally near this settlement. An underground corridor

the length of which is about 100 meters is under former landlordGalagan's estate in Sribna (Srebnaya) vicinity. The similar cave underlandowner's house in the village Petrushin of Chernigiv vicinity was


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mentioned in documents in 1623. 20 years ago a half-ruined cave wasfound in Sosnitsa.

The vast underground premises strengthened with mason are known under

village Osich of Bahmach vicinity. They say there is a sarcophagus in oneof the underground premises of that complex .A very interesting legend is connatelywith the caves in the village Irzavetsof Ichnya vicinity. They are situated under the ruined old cossack church.The local people are sure that the famous Zaporozhkaya Virgin icon ishidden there. The icon was delivered to that village by cossack after theSich (Sech) had been liquidated.

The tradition of the cave building in Chernigiv land exists for eight centuries.

Rremember that caves are monuments of history and culture that's why theyrequired our protection.

KIEV Lavra Monastery caves legends and historyThe Kyiv Pechersk Lavra Monastery was

founded in the eleventh century.Archeologists and historians continue theirresearch into the historical and spiritual rootsof this ancient monastery. Andriy PYROHIV

looks at what has been done in this research,using the materials of the Department of thePreservation and Study of the UndergroundSection of the Kyiv Pechersk MonasteryNational Historical and Cultural Reserve.

In the early medieval times, the city of Kyiv

sat right in the middle of the route which wasknown as from the Varangians to the Greeks

(Varangians being the old name for thoseScandinavians who, as merchants andwarriors, migrated south to Kyivan Rus andfurther down the Dnipro to the Byzantine

Empire, we speak about Vikings ). The Dnipro River was also the routethe Kyivan merchants and monks took to go south to Byzantium.Monks and novices destination was mostly the monasteries at MountAthos in Greece; some of them went further to Palestine and Sinai. Afterstaying for some time at one of the monasteries of Mount Athos and

confirming their monastic vows, many of the monks returned backto Kyiv and other lands of Kyivan Rus.


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Antoniy Pechersky (Anthony of the Caves) was a monk credited withfounding a monastery which was later called Pechersk Lavra (Laura of theCaves). He hailed from Lyubech in the Land of Chernihivshchyna but wasnot among those who went on pilgrimage to distant lands. One of the

early chronicles (Hustynsky Chronicle) says that in the year of OurLord 1013 a much revered monk named Antoniy came to Kyiv andsettled down to live in a cave called Varangian. The name of thecave suggests some association with the Varangians, or Vikings.

Vikings (also called Norsemen or Northmen), were Scandinavianseafaring warriors who raided and colonized wide areas of Europe fromthe ninth to eleventh century. Their disruptive influence profoundlyaffected European history. These pagan Danish, Norwegian, andSwedish warriors were probably prompted to undertake their raids by a

combination of factors ranging from overpopulation at home to the relativehelplessness of victims abroad.

The exact ethnic composition of the Viking armies is unknown inparticular cases, but the Vikings expansion in the Baltic lands and inRussia can reasonably be attributed to the Swedes. The easternViking expansion was probably a less violent process than that on theAtlantic coasts. The greatest eastern movement of the Scandinavians wasthat which carried them into the heart of Kyivan Rus. The extent of thispenetration is difficult to assess; for, although the Scandinavians were at

one time present at Novgorod, Kyiv, and other centres in considerablenumbers, they were rapidly absorbed by the Slavonic population. TheVikings in Kyivan Rus were mostly traders, and two of theircommercial treaties with the Greeks are preserved in the PrimaryChronicle under the years 912 and 945; the Rus signatories haveindubitably Scandinavian names. Occasionally, however, the Rusattempted voyages of plunder like their kinsmen in the West.

In the nineteenth century, the controversial aspect of the Varangian-Viking presence in Kyivan Rus was much debated and some historians

were of the opinion that the Vikings in Rus were responsible forestablishing the Kyivan statehood. Such views became known as TheNorseman Theory. The controversy continues with no consensus havingbeen reached, though, a majority of local historians now hold the view ofan independent emergence of the early Kyivan state. There are not toomany facts to base the Norsemen Theory on but enough is known fromthe written sources and archaeological finds to keep the flame of theVarangian controversy burning. It is known, for example, that the Vikingchieftain Oleg invaded the lands of Kyiv and captured Kyiv in the middle

of the nineteenth century, killing two local rulers, Ascold and Dir(incidentally, the tomb, though of much later date, still stands). One of theearly chronicles says that because of the strife among the Slavs, it was


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decided to invite a ruler from Scandinavia, named Rurik, and it is from himthat the lineage of the Kyivan Grand Dukes starts. Igor (also called Ingvar),presumably the son of Rurik, prince of Novgorod, who is considered the founderof the dynasty that ruled Kyivan Rus and, later, Muscovy until 1598, wassuccessor to the great warrior Oleg. He assumed the throne of Kyiv in 912; atleast half of his army was known to have been made up of the Varangians.

Thus, the Norsemen presence in the early Ukrainian history cannot bedismissed but the current historians opinion is overwhelming in favour of theindependent origins of the state of Kyivan Rus.

When the Vikings began their movement from Scandinavia in thesouthern direction, they were still pagans but they found themselves amongthe Christians in Kyivan Rus, many of them converted to Christianity, takingnew, Christian names. Among such newly converted Vikings were Ivan and Fedir,who died the martyrs death at the hands of the pagans they were burned todeath in their house for their refusal to offer a sacrifice to the pagan gods.

They were later canonized thus joining the ranks of the earliest Kyivan Russaints; apparently they followed the injunction of the Gospel, Lay not up foryourselves upon earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thievesbreak through and steal; but lay for yourselves treasures in heaven for whereyour treasure is, there will be your heart also. Their heart was apparently inheaven but the heart of many of their fellow Vikings was definitely with theirtreasures on earth. To prevent the treasures from being stolen when theywere away from home, some of the Vikings in the service of Kyivan rulersmust have hidden their hoards in caves.Such caves at a place which in theeleventh century developed into the Pechersk Lavra Monastery were usedas cells by monks. So the first use of these caves was TREASURY. Veryinteresting. We speak for very old caves made by nature powers. Vikings hadnttime to dig cave to hide their treasure. And maybe many monks killed for thesetreasures. Thats why even today many people see the gost of the monk to thesecaves

From what some of the chronicles say we can gather that some of the hoardshidden in the caves were discovered. Thus, under the year 1098, we find astory about two monks, Fedir and Vasyl, who discovered a cache of goldand silver. The monks reburied the treasure at a new place but the wordabout a discovered and re-hidden treasure got around and reached the earsof the son (Mstyslav Svyatopolkovych) of the then Kyivan ruler. The monkswere brought to Mstyslav who demanded that they disclose the place where thetreasure was hidden. The monks said that the hoard was made up of churchvessels and other items used in the religious service and as such belongedto the church rather than to a secular power. The monks were tortured but they stubbornly refused to reveal where the treasure was hidden. Bothmonks died under the torture taking their secret into the grave. Incidentally,Mstyslav died soon afterwards.

If this story is true and there is no apparent reason to doubt its veracity then the treasure found by the ill-starred monks could have been one of thosehoards that the Christians put away at the time of persecutions against Christianslaunched by the Kyivan Grand Duke Svyatoslav, the son of Igor.


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There is evidence that the treasure hunting in the Lavra Monastery cavescontinued in later centuries. It reached such proportions that in thenineteenth century the Lavra monks had to brick up some of the passagesto prevent unauthorized penetration into the caves.

Local lore produced a wealth of legends connected with the caves the

underground passages stretched as far as the Troyitsko-Illynsky monasteryin Chernihiv, a hundred miles away; they were connected to the caves in thevicinity of the Vydubetsky Monastery in Kyiv, or to some other monasteriesin the vicinity of Kyiv; the treasures hidden there are worth millions, to name buta couple of popular stories about the caves.

In recent years, the caves of the Lavra Monastery have been examined bycertified archaeologists and historians (there are two systems of cavesconnected by underground passages to be found in the territory of theLavra Monastery in Kyiv The Near Caves, and The Distant Caves). Theresearch produced a number of discoveries. It has become evident that originally

the caves known as The Varangian Caves were not connected with The DistantCaves and differed considerably from the caves that were used by monks as cells.Among the discoveries were nine corridors dating from the eleventh century at the

latest, two caves used as cells in the eleventh and fifteenth centuries, anda number of burials in the walls. In ancient times, The VarangianCaves could indeed be entered from the side of the hill that faced theDnipro River. A depiction of the Cross on Golgotha which is carved intothe wall and which was discovered in one of the cells is unique in itsiconography; it dates from approximately early eleventh century. It is not

improbable that this cell could have been the one where St AntoniyPechersky himself lived and that the carving on the wall could have beendone by his hand.

In spite of the recent discoveries we still know very little of the earlyyears of the Lavra Monastery when its monks lived in the caves. We knowbut little about the origin of the caves; we do not know how many caveswere there originally; we do not know whether the Varangian cavesstill contain hoards of silver and gold. Research goes on.


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The imperishable relics (mummified bodies of the monks) in the Lavracaves.

A seat for prayers cut in the wall of a cave.


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The cross that could have been cut in the wall by Antoniy Pechersky,the founder of the Lavra Monastery in Kyiv in the eleventh century.

A view of the Lower Lavra Monastery.Photo by O. Onishchuk

Chernihiv belongs to the ancient cities of Ukraine-Rus. Formed at the end ofVII century. From IX century. - Centers of Slavic tribes Siveryany. At the endof IX century. became a part of Kievan Rus. First mentioned in chronicles in907 years. Since 1024 - the center of Chernihiv principality. In the early tenthcentury by the size, status, political and economic importance in the ancientstate Chernihiv inferior only Kyiv. Under the reign of Mstislav Vladimirovichbegan in a complex of stone buildings princely dvoryscha - castle (now Val)in place of an ancient Slavic settlement of the first millennium. In Chernigovsuccessfully developed construction, various crafts and trade. Chernigovskiearmourers jewelers and craftsmen were skilled. They were known techniquessuch as perehorodchasta enamel, filigree, mob ... To this day preserved inthe masterpieces of old architecture of XII century Siverskoy: Transfigurationand Boris cathedrals, Assumption Cathedral Yelytskoho monastery Bloc
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(restored) and St. Elias Church.

In 1239 Chernivtsi was destroyed by Tatar-Mongols. In the XIV century.captured Duchy of Lithuania. From 1618 to Deulinskoyu agreement - underPolish rule. However, even many zaznayuchy damage from externalenemies, the city always come up from the ashes and ruins, andvidrodzhuvalos onovlyuvalos in all its beauty and grandeur of their templeszlatohlavyh. In 1623, the Chernigov granted the Magdeburg Law, and hassubsequently, in 1635 - status of the main city of Chernigov Province. Duringthe liberation war of Ukrainian people in the years 1648-1654 under theleadership of Bohdan Khmelnytsky Chernihiv was the center of the sameregiment. Since 1802 the city - the center of Chernihiv province, which untilthe prostyralasya Kyiv.Unique monuments of Kievan Rus survived in Chernigov with obviousfeatures of ancient architecture. In Kiev the temples of this period are mostlylost in baroque remodeling. In Chernihiv clearly visible zakomorni (arched)ceilings and original form of drums and the apse. Partly tynku layers removedand vetting these give an idea of the nature of ancient masonry, look plinthoiand "drowned series", etc..Chernihiv refers to the ancient cities of Ukraine-Rus. Formed at the end ofVII., With the IX. - The center of the Slavic tribe of the northerners. Since theend of IX century. became part of Kievan Rus. First mentioned in chronicles


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in 907 year. Since 1024 - Center of the Chernigov principality. At thebeginning of the tenth century, according to their size, status, political andeconomic importance in the ancient Russian state is second only to ChernihivKiev. In the reign of Mstislav Vladimirovich in the city started to create a

complex of stone structures of the princely court - Detinets (now Val) in placeof old Slavic settlement of the second half of the first millennium. InChernigov successfully developed construction, a variety of crafts andcommerce. Chernigov goldsmiths and armorers were masters qualifications.They have been known techniques such as cloisonne, filigree, black ... Up tothe present day in the city remained dim and masterpieces of architectureSiverskaya XII century: the Cathedral of the Transfiguration andBorisoglebskij cathedrals, Assumption Cathedral Eletski monastery,Pyatnitskaya (restored) and Elias Church.

In 1239 Chernihiv was destroyed by the Tatar-Mongols. In the XIV century.captured by the Lithuanian principality. From 1618 to Deulino agreement -under Polish rule. However, even experiencing multiple fracture from externalenemies, the city of all time, rising from the ashes and ruin, reborn andrenewed in all its beauty and grandeur of its gold-domed churches. In 1623Chernihiv granted the Magdeburg Law, and subsequently, in 1635 - thestatus of the main city of Chernigov Province. During the liberation war ofUkrainian people in the years 1648-1654 under the leadership of BogdanKhmelnitsky Chernigov was the center of the same name of the regiment. In

1802 the city - the center of Chernigov province, stretching right up to Kiev.Unique monuments Russia remained in Chernigov, with obviousfeatures of old Russian architecture. In Kiev temples of this period theymostly lost in baroque reconstructions. In Chernihiv clearly seen andZakomorny (arched) ceiling, and the primary form of drums and apses. Someplaces layers of plaster removed and these soundings give an idea of thenature of ancient masonry, as plinfy and recessed series, etc.

Chernihiv (Chernigiv, Chernigov) is ancient and is a few hundreds of years

younger thanKyiv. Chernihiv is the most northern regional centre in Ukrainewith population of 305.000 It is only like 50km away from Belarusian border.Chernihiv located on the right bank of the Dnipro, 150 km far from Kyiv. Oneof the most ancient cities in Ukraine, its the brother of golden-domed Kyiv. Itshistory is the reflection of the whole Ukraines history, with its bright and darkpages, and every epoch left its mark in citys architecture. The high level ofart characterized the culture of Chernihiv Principality. Famous cathedrals ofOld Town (11th-13th centuries) are silent witnesses of the fact. Together withKievs temples they are the gem of the Ukrainian architecture of Kyiv-Rus

period. Besides them it is worth seeing remarkable monuments of Ukrainianbaroque built by representatives of Cossack nobility.
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Chernivtsi. Catherine Church, 1715located next to the castle churchwas consecrated in 1725 in honorof St. Catherine.This excellent examples ofUkrainian Baroque style was builton the site of the ancient churchof the Kievan Rus. It was built atthe expense of Chernihiv colonel

James Lyzohub, Jr. in memory ofthe older noble Cossack familyLyzohubs. It is - a kind of monument zvytyazi ChernihivCossack regiment (commandedby JacobLyzohub), who in 1696 showedextraordinary heroism during thestorming of the Turkish fortress of

Azov, at which have beenawarded a silver cross.

Please do read about this with my a brief history of the Ukrainianculture, education and science of those times.

Chernigov. Catherine's Church, 1715located next to Detinets. The chur chwas consecrated in 1725 in honor of St. Catherine.This wonderful monument of Ukrainian baroque built on the site of theancient temple of Kievan Rus'. It is based on the means of Chernigov

Colonel James Lizoguba Jr. in memory of the older generation nobleCossack family Lyzogubov. This - sveobrazny monument of valorCossacks Chernigov Regiment (commanded by Jacob Lizoguba), who
http://serg-klymenko.narod.ru/Texts/Culture.htmlhttp://serg-klymenko.narod.ru/Texts/Culture.htmlhttp://serg-klymenko.narod.ru/Other_World/Photo/Ukraine.Chernigiv/IMG_5839.htmhttp://serg-klymenko.narod.ru/Other_World/Photo/Ukraine.Chernigiv/IMG_5834.htmhttp://serg-klymenko.narod.ru/Texts/Culture.htmlhttp://serg-klymenko.narod.ru/Texts/Culture.html


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in 1696 showed extraordinary heroism during the storming of theTurkish fortress of Azov, for which he was awarded a silver cross.We also invite you read about it with myvery short excursion into thehistory of Ukrainian culture, education and science of the time

Ditinets (central fortified part) of ancient Chernihiv formed in VII-VIIIcentury on the ground is 2 nd quarter I thousand BC

In the XI century Dytynets was the main political and religious center ofChernigov - table degrees "Chernigov-Siverskoy land. Its territory wasreduced Murovanye Prince Terem, founded the episcopal court, builtchurches and cathedrals. Detinets (central fortified part of) the ancientChernigov formed in VII-VIII century on the spot settlement 2 nd quarterof the I millennium AD In the XI century Detinets was the main politicaland religious center of Chernigov - "capital city" Chernigov-Severskoyland. In its territory were built stately stone towers, founded by thebishop's court, built churches and cathedrals.

Val castle. Guns XVI-XVIII centuries, the bastions of the fortress ofChernihiv.In the mid-XVI centuries speaker towards Desna cape castle was builtcastle and arranged passage to river. Later became the main street ofPohorila (North) gate to the castle. Along her sporudzhuvalysyaadministrative buildings, barracks, artillery yard.Mostchavunnih guns Val, as think it was cast in Chernihiv artillery yard.

Val Detinets. Guns XVI-XVIII centuries, from the bastions of the fortress ofChernigov.In the middle of the XVI century to protrude into the Desna CapeDetinets castle was built and constructed a tunnel to the stream. Overtime, became the main street of Pogorelov (northern) gate to the castle.Constructed along its administrative home, barracks, artillery yard.Mostcast-iron cannon Vala, is believed to have cast it in Chernigovskiartillery yard
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Gear princely castleover the gums coverthe most valuablelands of the historic

downtown.

Shafts princely Detinetsabove the gumcovering the territory

of the most valuable historical city center.

Stronghold: Transfiguration Cathedral (1033-1041).Transfiguration Cathedral - Stone one of the oldest churches of Kievan

Rus, which survived until today in Left Bank Ukraine. Founded byPrince Mstislav Vladimirovich "Brave". The architectural style similar tothe Byzantine structures V-IX centuries. Forcenturies, the temple rebuilt several times, thelate eighteenth century were to build twoconical spire, which give the buildingsimilarities with the Polish church.

By Detinets: Transfiguration Cathedral (1033-

1041).Transfiguration Cathedral - One of the oldeststone churches of Kievan Rus survived to ourdays in the Left-Bank Ukraine. Laid down byPrince Mstislav Vladimirovich "Brave". Forarchitectural style similar to the Byzantinestructures V-IX century. For centuries, the temple rebuilt several times,at the end of XVIII century have been completed, two conical spire,which gives the building similar to the Polish church.

"Spaso-Preobrazgensky" Cathedral. Ancient Churchbuilt in1033-1041. One of the best remainingancient Ukrainian Churches.

Transfiguration Cathedral. Inside the cathedral.In our days are fragments of fresco paintings XIcentury., Slate floors, decorated with mosaic,carved gilded iconostasis in the classical style,1795-1798; Oil Wall-painting early XIX century.

In the cathedral are buried Igor Svjatoslavovich,the hero of "A Word about Igor's Regiment".


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Transfiguration Cathedral. Inside the cathedral.To this day preserved fragments of fresco XI century.; Floors of slateslabs, decorated with mosaics, gilded iconostasis carved in the style of

Classicism, 1795-1798; oil murals beginning of the XIX century.Buried in the cathedral Igor Svyatoslavovych, the hero of "Lay".

Stronghold: Boris Cathedral (1120-1123) - Onlythree years of construction, but such monumentalnist!

Founded in 1120 by Prince David as a princely tomb of the sons of thegreat prince Vladimir - Boris and Gleb, who were killed duringmizhusobytsi by order of their brother Svyatopolk "impious." BorisCathedral is a typical cross-dome house. Constructed solely for theancient temple plinthoi, natural stone is used.Cathedral often rebuilt, it suffered from bombing during the SecondWorld War. Today this temple is the most popular cult buildings ofspecial architectural style Chernihiv that time and is one of the fewbuildings which were restored to nearly their original form.

By Detinets: Boris and Gleb Cathedral (1120-1123) - Only three years ofconstruction, and such a monumental! Laid down in 1120 by Prince Davyd a princely tomb of the great sons ofPrince Vladimir of Kiev - Boris and Gleb, were killed during infightingon the orders of their brother Svjatopolka "Accursed". Boris and GlebCathedral is a typical cross-domed church. Built entirely of ancienttemple plinfy, natural stone was not used.Cathedral often rebuilt, it was badly damaged by bombing during the

Second World War. Today this temple - the most typical religiousbuilding Chernigov particular architectural style of the time and is oneof the few buildings, rebuilt almost in its original form.


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"Borisoglebsky" cathedralThis one is just slightly younger than the oneabove. Built during1120-1123.

Boris Cathedral. Engraved royal gates of theiconostasis.The temple, as part of the reserve - an impressivedisplay: samples of ancient capitals carved inanimal style, slate, unique pottery A minted royalgates of the iconostasis was cast from silver Fusedpagan idol found during renovations of the templein 1700. And made the gate in Danzig (Gdansk).

Around the Cathedral - remains arcade gallery.In Borisoglebskom pohovanyo cathedral church, political and cultural figure XVII. Lazar

Baranovichi.

Boris and Gleb Cathedral. Chased the royal doors of the iconostasis.In this temple, as part of the reserve - an amazing display: samples ofthe ancient capitals with carved into animal style, slate slabs, uniqueceramics A chased silver royal gates of the iconostasis were cast from

remelted silver pagan idol found during renovations in the temple in1700. I have made this gate in Danzig (Gdansk). Around the buildings -the remnants of the arcade gallery. In Borisoglebsky buried in thecathedral church, political and cultural figures XVII cent. LazarusBaranovich.

Stronghold: Chernihiv Collegiumend XVI - the beginning of XVIIIcentury.

This excellent examples ofUkrainian Baroque style, whichstands beside the cathedral Borisalso linked with the name LazarusBaranovych and age of theUkrainian national revival. Builtfor the oldest secular middleschool left-bank Ukraine. Itsfounder was a prominent

Ukrainian teacher, church leaderand writer John Maksimovich, andconstruction was conducted in


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three stages and was fully completed in 1702 in the XVIII century is thefounder of the national epidemiology studies, undeservedly forgottenDaniel Samoilovitch, which in a century ahead of the opening of LouisPasteur. College was in part Borisoglebskogo buildings of the

monastery, his 40-meter bell tower rules for this monastery. Thebuilding of the Collegium has perebudovuvalasya andpereobladnuvalasya. The third tier is the most interesting part of thisvery eclectic buildings. Its walls are inventive configuration, consistingof structures that perform and sink. Special decoration wonderful decorfacilities - two ceramics icons: the image of Our Lady and the HolyFace.

By Detinets: Chernigov Collegium end of XVI - the beginning of XVIII century.

This beautiful monument to the Ukrainian baroque, towering next toBoris and Gleb Cathedral is also linked with the name of Lazarus andBaranovichi era Ukrainian national vozrodzhdeniya. Built for the oldestsecular secondary educational institution in the Left-Bank Ukraine. Itsfounder was an outstanding Ukrainian teacher, church leader andwriter, John of, and is built in three stages and was fully completed in1702, the College was in part the buildings Borisoglebskii monastery,his 40-meter tower served as a bell tower of the monastery. Building

Collegium repeatedly rebuilt and refurbished. The third tier is the mostinteresting part of this rather eclectic buildings. Its walls are an oddconfiguration, consisting of speakers and disengaging structures.Special decoration wonderful decoration of the building - two ceramicsicons: the image

Stronghold: Chernihiv Collegium end XVI - the beginning of XVIII century. This excellent examples of Ukrainian Baroque style, which standsbeside the cathedral Boris also linked with the name Lazarus

Baranovych and age of the Ukrainian national revival. Built for theoldest secular middle school left-bank Ukraine. Its founder was a prominent Ukrainian teacher, church leader and writer JohnMaksimovich, and construction was conducted in three stages and wasfully completed in 1702 in the XVIII century is the founder of thenational epidemiology studies, undeservedly forgotten DanielSamoilovitch, which in a century ahead of the opening of LouisPasteur. College was in part Borisoglebskogo buildings of themonastery, his 40-meter bell tower rules for this monastery. The

building of the Collegium has perebudovuvalasya andpereobladnuvalasya. The third tier is the most interesting part of thisvery eclectic buildings. Its walls are inventive configuration, consisting


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of structures that perform and sink. Special decoration wonderful decorfacilities - two ceramics icons: the image of Our Lady and the HolyFace.

By Detinets: Chernigov Collegium end of XVI - the beginning of XVIII century.

This beautiful monument to the Ukrainian baroque, towering next toBoris and Gleb Cathedral is also linked with the name of Lazarus andBaranovichi era Ukrainian national vozrodzhdeniya. Built for the oldestsecular secondary educational institution in the Left-Bank Ukraine. Itsfounder was an outstanding Ukrainian teacher, church leader andwriter, John of, and is built in three stages and was fully completed in1702, the College was in part the buildings Borisoglebskii monastery,

his 40-meter tower served as a bell tower of the monastery. BuildingCollegium repeatedly rebuilt and refurbished. The third tier is the mostinteresting part of this rather eclectic buildings. Its walls are an oddconfiguration, consisting of speakers and disengaging structures.Special decoration wonderful decoration of the building - two ceramicsicons: the image of the Virgin and the Savior Almighty.

Stronghold: House of Jacob Lyzohub.With the name of Colonel James Lyzohub

senior connected with another monument ofUkrainian Baroque architecture - his house,which was built in the late XVII century. After the death of the first owner of thisbuilding purchased by Hetman Ivan Mazepa,

and in the XVIII century house ruled by the office of the Chernihivregiment.It will be recalled that the day Hetmanate Left-Bank Ukraine was a kindof administrative division in which the colonel had not only military but

also civil authority throughout the regiment.The facility is a wonderful example of civil Baroque building. In the planit is the ordinary peasant house into two halves, but the facades ofhouses decorated with numerous details. Those were troubled times,so walls were thick, and narrow windows. If necessary, its inhabitantscould withstand a siege - in the spacious cellars stored food supplies.

By Detyntsu: House of Jacob Lyzohub.the name of Colonel James Lizoguba-bound senior is another

monument of Ukrainian Baroque architecture - his house, built in thelate XVII century. After the death of the first owner of this buildingbecame hetman Ivan Mazepa, and in the XVIII century the house served


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as the Office of the Chernigov Regiment.It should be recalled that in an era Hetmanshchyna Left-bank Ukrainehad a kind of administrative-territorial unit in which the colonel had notonly military but also the civil authority throughout the regiment.

Construction is a fine example of civil Baroque building. In terms it isan ordinary peasant's hut with two halves, but the facades of housesare decorated with numerous details. These were troubled times, so thehouse walls were made thick and the windows - narrow. If necessary,its inhabitants could withstand a siege - in the spacious cellars ofstored reserves of food

Stronghold: Monument of Pushkin.

By Detinets: A monument to Pushkin. Pushkin bust.

Ditintsem: Pam `yatnik Taras Shevchenko.

By Detinets: Monument to Taras Shevchenko. Taras Shevchenko, high

relief, free standing sculpture.
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Chernigov, Red Square: burial in theSquare.Pam wrote on `yatniku:"Eternal glory to the heroeswho died for freedom and independenceof our homeland"Square was rebuilt in 2002 after 200 years

of Chernihiv province at the expense ofSouth-Western Railway.

Chernigov, Red Square: a common grave in the park.The inscription on the monument (in Ukrainian):"Eternal glory to the heroes who fell for freedom and independence of ourmotherland"A square was reconstructed in 2002 to markthe 200 anniversary of the Chernigov district the means of South-western Railway
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Pyatnitska church, the end of XII - the beginning of XIII century. Built inChernihiv office in the old torzhyscha and named after the patron oftrade Paraskeva Friday. Church is a cross-dome house, which rapidlyextends in height. Its size in terms of relatively small - 12h10, 5 m, withthe apse - 15h10, 5 m, but the internal height from floor to highest pointof the dome is 27 m.


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Friday Church, the end of XII - the beginning of XIII century. Built on theChernigov region of the old tenements in the market place and isnamed in honor of the patron saint of trade Paraskieva. Church is the

cross-domed church, is rapidly drifting to the heights. Its size in termsof relatively small - 12x10, 5 m, with an apse - 15x10, 5 m, but theinternal height from floor to highest point of the dome is 27 m.

"Pyatnytskaya" hurch.Byzantine style Church - built in 12th century. Often used inillustrations of different books as characterizing byzantine style.

Pyatnitska church. Dome Church from within.In the construction of facilities used wonderfully decorative brickfeatures, ornamental muruvannya Bloc churches are early examples ofsuch decoration. In 1786 was the main building Pyatnitska monastery.Significant bomb damage during World War II she was "dressed" in thebaroque form and looked at first glance, the temple of the XVII century.After careful study of its remains, scientists and archaeologists cameto a sensational conclusion, showing that the temple, which embodiesthe highest achievements of architecture of Kievan Rus.

Friday Church. The dome of the church from within.In the construction of buildings used wonderfully decorative


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possibilities of brick, ornamental masonry Pyatnitskaya church servesas an early example of such a decoration. Before 1786 was mainly theconstruction Pyatnickogo monastery. Until a significant bomb damageduring World War II, she was "dressed" in baroque forms and looked at

first glance as the temple of the XVII century. After careful examinationof its remains, researchers, archaeologists came to the sensationalconclusion that the temple was found, embodying the hig hestachievements of architecture of Kievan Rus

Pyatnitska church. Iconostasis.In 1962, the project architects PD Baranovsky and MV Holostenkareproduced in its original form. It was not the first attempt in Ukraine play during the reconstruction of the initial shape of the church.

Friday Church. Iconostasis.In 1962, the project architects PD Baranovsky and MV Kholostenkochurch rebuilt in its original form. It was almost the first attempt torecreate in Ukraine during the reconstruction of the primary forms ofthe temple.
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Monument to Bogdan Khmelnitsky.

Monument to Bogdan Khmelnitsky.

Bohdan Hmelnic'ky monument.

Monument to defenders ofChernigov.Located in the mountains Boldin.

Defender Chernihiv monument.Boldin is located under the mountains.

Monument to the Defenders of Chernigiv.
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Burial graves in the mountains Boldin.Mounds "Hulbysche" and "anonymous" - the largest burial mounds onBoldin mountains - the historic district of Chernigov. There is a burialcomplex - one of the largest necropolis IX-XI centuries. It consists of

six burial groups defined territory inhabited city, and has about 230mounds.The name comes from the mountains davnoslov Slavic "bold" - an oak,or from the Ruthenian "boldy" - mountains.

Kurgannyi burial on Bolding mountains.Mounds "promenade" and "Bezimyanny" - the largest burial mounds onBolding mountains - the historic district of Chernigov. Here is moundcomplex - one of the largest cemeteries IX-XI centuries. It consists of

six mound groups, defining the territory inhabited by the city, and hasabout 230 mounds.

The name comes from the mountains of the Old Slavonic "Bold" - anoak, or from staroukrainskogo "boldi" - mountains.

Monumentfamous Ukrainian writerMichael Kotsyubinskogo (1864-1913) onBoldin mountains.

Monumentoutstanding Ukrainian writerMichael Kotsyubinskoe (1864-1913) .Photo Elias Church (first quarter of XII century)Trinity Monastery.Architectural Ensemble Trinity Monastery (XI-XVIIIcentury). is an excellent example of Ukrainian

Baroque. The monastery is situated on terraces of high Boldyn mountains. Itconsists of two parts - the former Trinity Monastery Ilinskom and combined

landscape and architecture into a single group. Home annals of themonastery was laid in 1069, the monk Antony Caves. Dug him and his


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followers of the cave gradually expanded and turned into a multi-layeredunderground complex --Antonievyh cave.Elijah Church (the first quarter of the twelfth century), Trinity-EliasMonastery.

Architectural ensemble Trinity-Elias Monastery (XI-XVIII cent.) is abeautiful example of Ukrainian Baroque. The monastery is situated on theterraces of high Bolding mountains. It consists of two parts - the old Elias andHoly Trinity Monastery, combined landscape and architecture into a singleensemble. Start the Monastery of the chronicle was initiated in 1069 a monkAnthony of the Caves. Excavated by him and his followers of the cavegradually expanded and transformed June into a multilevel undergroundcomplex 2004. Elias Church (first quarter of XII century) TrinityMonastery. Iconostasis.

Little Elias ChurchThat nestled at the foot of the mountains, combined withdirect entrance to the cave. The church - the only such school odnonefnohoChernihiv ancient temple architecture have been preserved.It is said that in 1662, after the death of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, with themiraculous icon of Our Lady of St. Elias Church was a miracle - within tendays from her eyes flowed tears, she wept for the future fate of the Ukrainianpeople. The event attracted many pilgrims and Chernihiv Monastery becametoo small for visitors. It also was the impetus for the start of construction onthe highest plateau Boldin monastery of the Trinity Mountains. Subsequently,

the two institutions merged in the Trinity Monastery.

Elijah Church (the first quarter of the twelfth century), Trinity-EliasMonastery. Iconostasis.Little Elijah Church, Nestled at the foot of the mountain, directly connectedto the entrance of the cave. The church - the only surviving example ofsingle-nave church Chernigov school of ancient Russian architecture.It is said that in 1662, after the death of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, with itsmiraculous icon of the Church of Our Lady of Elijah was a miracle - for ten

days from her eyes flowed tears that she wept over the future of theUkrainian people. The event resulted in Chernigov Ilinsky many pilgrims andvisitors to the monastery became too small. This triggered the start ofconstruction on the highest plateau of mountains Bolding Trinity Monastery.Subsequently, they were both united in the Trinity-Elias Monastery.Antonievyh cave. How caves.The total length of explored caves - 315 of the


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oldest layer is at a depth of 12m.There is alegend about the existence of theunderground

passage once one hundred and fiftymiles long, connecting these caves of Kiev.Antoniy cave. Scheme of thecaves.The total length of the investigatedpart of thecaves - 315 m. The oldest layer islocated at a

depth of 12m. There is a legendabout theexistence of the once-underground

passagelength one hundred and fifty kilometers, which

connected these caves withKiev.Antonyevy caves. Chart of caves.12th century caves. Similar to

what is found in Kyiv

.

These were underground templesand burials.

The mysteries of monastery caves.The first artificial caves appeared in Chernigiv (Chernigov) in the 11-thcentury. They were founded by famous Old Rus religious man Anthonywho had been founder of the Kiev-Pechersky monastery (Lavra). His monastery in Chernigiv consisted of churches, cells and burialplaces. All of them were situated in the slopes of the Boldin Hills. St.Illya's church was built near the entry to the cave monastery in the 12-th century.Nowadays it is the united underground complex the length of which is

about 350 meters. There are three churches and a few other premisesand corridors. Most of them were formed in the 18-th and the 19-thcenturies but there are some sections of the caves where ancient
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architecture is preserved. First of all it is a large burial temple whichappeared before Mongolian period. It was discovered in 1987, clearedaway and investigated by Chernigiv archaeologists. This room is morethan 300 cubic meters. Here were found some rich archaeological

materials and traces of the ancient burial rite.There are many legends about Chernigiv caves. They say that longunderground passages connected Chernigiv with Kyiv (Kiev) andLubich (Lubech), that Anthony caves were connected with the Eletskymonastery and the Val.Caves were being built in Chernigiv for centuries. Many of them wereruined and forgot.But sometimes caving-in take place in Chernigiv. One of such episodeshappened between the Eletsky monastery and the Trinity monastery in

1853. Three men ventured to penetrate into the pit and saw the cave.But it was pity they did not measure the underground premises. Thepictures were not made also. The entrance to the cave was covered upwith earth.Filling-in appeared in some places on the territory of the Val at thebeginning of the 20-th century. After they had been investigated itbecame clear that all of them were made later than Anthony caves.So called the New caves which were digged out by monk Alypy in1918 are situated in the slope of the Boldin Hills not far from the Trinity

monastery. The underground premises were decorated by Ukrainianfolk ornaments. After the erection of that complex had been finished itwas sanctified by bishop Pahomy. Some time later the New caves weredeserted and partially ruined. Most of the ornaments disappeared.Nobody knows how many caves there are on the territory of theChernigiv region. But we are firmly convinced of the fact that there aremany of them. The most famous caves are known inLubich, if we setaside Chernigiv caves. It is explained by the information that father ofRussian monkhood saint Anthony was born in this Old Rus town and

spent there his youth.No less known are caves of Spaso-Preobrazensky monastery inNovgorod-Siversky (Novgorod-Seversky). The cave small and secluded convent of Ryhlovsry Svyato-Nicholaevsky monastery in Korop vicinity was widely known at the endof the 19-th century. Now it is neglected.Many legends about the local caves exist in Sedniv (Sednev). Onedeserted cave was found accidentally near this settlement.An underground corridor the length of which is about 100 meters is

under former landlord Galagan's estate in Sribna (Srebnaya) vicinity.The similar cave under landowner's house in the village Petrushin ofChernigiv vicinity was mentioned in documents in 1623.
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51 chernigov secret caves and their role to history_ eg

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