DemocracyDemocracy

VS.

CommunismCommunism

Cold War

Chapter 26

United Nation• International peace

keeping body (193 members)

• Permanent headquarters: New York , USA

• General Assembly (World Parliament)

• Security council- in charge of maintaining peace and security among countries– Five permanent

members: USA, Britain, Soviet, France, China

• International Court of Justice-– War crimes– Crimes against

humanities – Genocides

• Economic and Social Council– WHO- World

Health Organization

– UNICEF- United Nation International Children Emergency Fund

““The Big 3”The Big 3”

Origins of the Cold Origins of the Cold WarWar

United StatesUnited States Soviet UnionSoviet UnionDemocracyDemocracy CommunismCommunism•PresidentPresident •DictatorDictator•Private PropertyPrivate Property •State OwnershipState Ownership•Free MarketFree Market •State EconomicsState Economics•Free ElectionsFree Elections •Totalitarian Totalitarian

(party)(party)

VSVS

Germany after Germany after WW2WW2• Divided into (4) occupations Divided into (4) occupations

zonezone• - to help rebuild- to help rebuild

West West GermanyGermany

East East GermanyGermany

West Berlin

East BerlinEast Berlin

-West GermanyWest Germany-US, French, BritishUS, French, British

-East GermanyEast Germany-SovietsSoviets

-Berlin-Capital was also divided into four zones

• Cold WarCold War = = polit ical and economic tension polit ical and economic tension between US and Soviet Unionbetween US and Soviet Union

• Satell i te Nations Satell i te Nations ==Countries dominated by the Countries dominated by the Soviet Union.Soviet Union.

• ContainmentContainment = = preventing the spread of preventing the spread of communism to other countries.communism to other countries.

• Domino Effect TheoryDomino Effect Theory – The fall of one country to communism, The fall of one country to communism,

will lead to the fall of others.will lead to the fall of others.– US wil l use this to justify interventions US wil l use this to justify interventions

on other countrieson other countries

• Marshall PlanMarshall Plan – Provided aid to Western European Provided aid to Western European

countriescountries– 16 countries ~ ($13 bil l ion over 4 years)16 countries ~ ($13 bil l ion over 4 years)

• Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine – US policy to support independent US policy to support independent

nationnation– To keep Soviet influence from To keep Soviet influence from

spreading.spreading.

Post-War GermanyPost-War Germany

Berlin Blockade: Soviets feared reunification of Germany blocked

Berlin

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift = Massive airl i ft to = Massive airl i ft to

supply 4,500 tons of supply 4,500 tons of food, fuel, and food, fuel, and supplies to West supplies to West GermanyGermany

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ~ 1949)

United StatesUnited States

BelgiumBelgium

BritainBritain CanadaCanada DenmarkDenmark FranceFrance IcelandIceland ItalyItaly

LuxemburgLuxemburg NetherlandsNetherlands NorwayNorway PortugalPortugal 1952: Greece & 1952: Greece &

Turkey Turkey 1955: West Germany1955: West Germany 1983: Spain1983: Spain

= Defensive military Alliance between the U.S. and Western European nations fearing Soviet Attack

Warsaw Pact (1955)

} U. S. S. R.U. S. S. R.

} AlbaniaAlbania

} BulgariaBulgaria

} CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

} East GermanyEast Germany

} HungaryHungary

} PolandPoland

} RumaniaRumania

= military alliance between the Soviet Union and (7) Eastern European countries.

The “Iron Curtain”= imaginary boundary dividing Europe between East (communist) and West (democratic)

Iron CurtainIron Curtain

China• Mao Zedong

– Communist leader supported by the Soviet

KOREA

South- controlled by US

North – controlled by Soviet Division- 38th parallel

N. Korea invades S. Korea

June 1950

U.N sent aidLed by

Gen. Douglas MacArthur

N.K. pushedUN to Pusan

DouglasCounter attackLanded behind

Enemy lines-Inchon

UN approached Border of ChinaChina intervene

pushed UNTo border

JULY 1953- both Side called a

truce

KOREAN WAR

• Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)– A division between South and North

Korea– Serves as a buffer zone (neutral zone

between two hosti le nation) to prevent direct mil itary coll isions

Arms RaceArms Race• Competit ion on supremacy on

nuclear weapons

• Soviet Union – explodes its 1 st Atomic bomb (1949).

• US tested the f irst H-Bomb 1952– Hydrogen Bomb, estimated to have the

force of 1 mil l ion tons of TNT – (67 t imes the power of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima,

Japan).

Soviet tested their H-Bomb 1953

The Space Race• Sputnik (1957) =

Soviet’s launched the world’s 1 s t art i f icial satel l i te.

• Circling the globe every 96 minutes, at 18,000 mph.

Dwight D. Eisenhower 34 t h president

• Brinkmanship = Will ingness of the U.S, to go to the edge of all- out war.

The FEAR of nuclear war became a The FEAR of nuclear war became a part of American l i fe for the next part of American l i fe for the next

30 years30 years ..

• Central Intell igence AgencyCentral Intell igence Agency (CIA) (CIA) = U.S. Agency created to gather = U.S. Agency created to gather secret information about foreign secret information about foreign governments.governments.

Nikita Krushchev• Soviet new leader

• U-2 incident – CIA covert ops

(spying over Soviet land)

– Using U-2 plane (f ly high alt i tude w/o detection; use infrared camera on missile sites)

– Pilot Francis Gary Powers was shot down while spying over Soviet air space.

– Captured as prisoner– Increased tension

between US and Soviet

Spy casesSpy cases• Alger HissAlger Hiss = =

Soviet spy that would be Soviet spy that would be convicted for perjury (l ied about convicted for perjury (l ied about passing documents to the Soviet passing documents to the Soviet Union). Union).

Richard NixonRichard Nixon

• The Rosenberg’sThe Rosenberg’s = = found guilty of espionage, and found guilty of espionage, and giving the Soviets info. about the giving the Soviets info. about the A- bombA- bomb . .

• McCarthyismMcCarthyism (Witch Hunt) (Witch Hunt)– Unfair tactic of accusing suspected Unfair tactic of accusing suspected

communists of disloyalty without actual communists of disloyalty without actual proof.proof.

EastEast & & WestWest Germany Germany

Satellite NationsSatellite Nations