3G CDMA - WCDMA and cdma2000Rodger E. ZiemerIEEE Communications SocietyDistinguished Lecturer Program

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

Rules for Efficient Multiple Access Three lawsKnow the channelMinimize interference to othersMitigate interference received from othersRequirements of wireless multiple accessChannel measurementChannel control and modificationMultiple user channel isolation

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

Why CDMA?Higher capacityImproved performance in multipath by diversityLower mobile transmit power = longer battery lifePower controlVariable transmission rate with voice activity detectionAllows soft handoffSectorization gainHigh peak data rates can be accommodatedCombats other-user interference = lower reuse factors

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

What is Third Generation? [1]Flexible support of multiple servicesVoiceMessaging email, fax, etc.Medium-rate multimedia Internet access, educationalHigh-rate multimedia file transfer, videoHigh-rate interactive multimedia video telecon-ferencing, telemedicine, etc.Mobility: quasi-stationary to high-speed platformsGlobal roaming: ubiquitous, seamless coverageEvolution from second generation systems

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

W-CDMA Versus cdma2000 [2]

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

Parameter

W-CDMA

cdma2000

Carrier spacing

5 MHz

3.75 MHz

Chip rate

4.096 MHz

3.6864 MHz

Data modulation

BPSK

FW QPSK; RV - BPSK

Spreading

Complex (OQPSK)

Complex (OQPSK)

Power control frequency

1500 Hz

800 Hz

Variable data rate implement.

Variable SF; multicode

Repet., puncturing, multicode

Frame duration

10 ms

20 ms (also 5, 30, 40)

Coding

Turbo and convolutional

Turbo and convolutional

Base stations synchronized?

Asynchronous

Synchronous

Base station acquisition/detect

3 step; slot, frame, code

Time shifted PN correlation

Forward link pilot

TDM dedicated pilot

CDM common pilot

Antenna beam forming

TDM dedicated pilot

Auxiliary pilot

WCDMA Uplink Frame Structure [1]DPDCHI: data channelQ: sync & controlDPCCHPilot:TFCIFBITPCTFCI = transmit format combination indicatorFBI = feedback informationTPC = transmit power control DPDCH = dedicated physical data channelDPCCH = dedicated physical control channelslot 0slot 1slot islot 14radio frame = 10 ms

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

WCDMA Uplink Modulator Structure [1]pulse shapefilter (SRC)pulse shapefilter (SRC)DPDCH1DPDCH2DPDCH3DPCCHIQ+++-++

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor CodesCd, i selected from this treeNotes:1) For fixed chip rate, desired information rate determines length of spreading sequence and therefore processing gain.2) When a specific code is used, no other code on the path from that code to the root and or on the subtree beneath that code may be used.3) All the codes at any depth into the tree are the set of Walsh Sequences.4) Code phase is synchronous with information symbols.5) FDD UL processing gain between 256 and 4 FDD DL processing gain between 512 and 4 TDD UL/DL processing gain between 16 and 16) Multicode used only for SF = 4

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

WCDMA Downlink Frame Structure [1]DPDCHDPCCHTFCIPilotTPCslot 0slot 1slot islot 14radio frame = 10 msDPDCHDPCCHData1Data2

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

WCDMA Downlink Modulator Structure [1]pulse shapefilter (SRC)PrimarySync CodeSecondarySync Codesumdedicatedtraffic channels

primary &secondarycommon pilotchannels

primary &secondarycommoncontrolchannels

other channelss/ps/p

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

Transmit Diversity Strategy for Downlink

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

cdma2000 Uplink Frame StructureBits/Frame1640 80 172350744151230486120CRC bits668121616161616tail bits888888888Data Ratekbps1.52.74.89.619.238.476.8153.6307.2CodeRate1/41/41/41/41/41/41/41/41/2Repeats1684211111Delete1 of 51 of 9nonenone none none none none noneSymbols153615361536153615363072 6144 12288 12288Radio Configuration 3C.S.0002-A-1 Fig 2.1.3.1.1.1-8

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

cdma2000 Uplink ModulatorCCCAB+++++_sumsumPrimaryTrafficSecondaryTraffic 1SecondaryTraffic 2ControlPilotpulseshapepulseshape

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

cdma2000 Downlink Frame StructureOther similar tables in specification.Bits/Frame2155 125 267552112822804584919220712CRC bits681012161616161616tail bits8888888888Data Ratekbps1.83.67.214.428.857.6115.2230.4460.81036.8CodeRate1/21/21/21/21/21/21/21/21/21/2Repeats8421111111Deletenonenonenonenone none none none nonenone2 of 18 Symbols57657657657611522304 4608 92161843236864 Radio Configuration 9W

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

cdma2000 1X DL Modulation Processing+longcodelongcodemask0 11 -1channelgainfwd pwrctrl gainpower controlsymbol punctureDEMUXdecimatepwr ctrlbit posI/Q scrambling bit extractpowercontrolbitspuncturetiming800 HzWYQYIC.S.0002-A-1 Fig 3.1.3.1.1.1-18 modulationsymbolrate

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

cdma2000 1X Downlink Modulation

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

cdma2000 3X DL Modulation Processing+longcodelongcodemask0 11 -1channelgainfwd pwrctrl gainpower controlsymbol punctureDEMUXdecimatepwr ctrlbit posI/Q scrambling bit extractpowercontrolbitspuncturetiming800 HzWYQ1YI1modulationsymbolrateYQ2YI2YQ3YI3

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

cdma2000 3X Downlink Modulationsame as belowsame as aboveoutputcarrier 1outputcarrier 2outputcarrier 3YQ1YI1YQ2YI2YQ3YI3

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

cdma2000 vs WCDMAChip rateCoherent Pilot ChannelsTransmit DiversityUnderlying NetworkSingle Carrier versus Multicarrier SpreadingCell Site Synchronization

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

References[1] R. L. Peterson, Third Generation Personal Communications: Physical Layer Status, Presentation at Clemson University, Feb. 1, 2001[2] Manjit Singh and Manoneet Singh, 3G Wireless with Respect to IMT-2000 and Beyond, Telecom 99[3] Harri Holma and Antti Toskala, WCDMA for UMTS: Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications, New York: Wiley, 2000[4] CDMA Evolution from IS-95, IS-2000, to 1XTREME, Technology Transfer Training Class, Motorola, Inc., July 2000[5] R. Ziemer and R. Peterson, Introduction to Digital Communications, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, Chapter 10, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

WCDMA: More Information?http://www.3gpp.org21.101 guide to all other documents25.XXX series radio access network (RAN)25.211 frame structure etc.25.212 channel coding etc.25.213 spreading and modulation25.214 physical layer procedures (tx diversity, etc.)25.321 medium access control (MAC)25.322 radio link control (RLC)26.XXX series voice coding

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

GSM/GPRS/EDGE: More Information?http://www.3gpp.org

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

cdma2000: More Information?http://www.3gpp2.orgTechnical Specification Group C cdma2000C.S0002-A-1 Physical Layer StandardC.S0003-A-1 Medium Access Control (MAC)C.S0004-A-1 Signaling Link Access Control C.S00024 1XEV-DO (high speed packet)C.S0005 Upper Layer Signaling (L3)

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

3G Information SourcesThird Generation Partnership Projectshttp://www.3gpp.orghttp://www.3gpp2.orgCDMA Development Group (CDG)http://www.cdg.orgInternational Mobile Telecommunications for the year 2000http://www.tiaonline.org/standards/sfg/imt2k/Japan ARIB IMT-2000 proposalhttp://www.arib.or.jp/IMT-2000/ARIB/Document/

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO