3g cdma wcdma and cdma2000-ieee-ziemer

8/6/2019 3g Cdma Wcdma and Cdma2000-Ieee-ziemer

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3G CDMA - WCDMA and

cdma2000

Rodger E. Ziemer

IEEE Communications SocietyDistinguished Lecturer Program


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May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 2

OutlinevMultiple access/channel measurement guidelines

vCurrent 1G and 2G technology

vWhat is Third Generation?

vWCDMA features

v cdma2000 features

vWCDMA and cdma2000 contrasted

v Summary


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Rules for Efficient Multiple AccessvThree immutable laws

vKnow the channel

vMinimize interference to othersvMitigate interference received from others

vRequirements of wireless multiple access

vChannel measurement

vChannel control and modification

vMultiple user channel isolation


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Channel Measurement Guidelinesv Wider the bandwidth = better the measurement

v Limitations on this rule

v Regulatory (indoor path isolation = 10 ns delay resolution)

v Complexity (combining more paths = more hardware)v Physical limitations (splitting energy over more paths = increasingly

inaccurate parameter measurements)

v Measure at frequency > rate of change of channel

v

No other users: good receiver attempts to put together allreceived multipath components coherently

v Other users present: Optimum = multiuser detection;

suboptimum = power control; minimize near-far problem


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Current 1G and 2G Technology

Analog

14%

cdmaOne

12%

GSM58%

PDC

8%

IS-1368%

System Jun-00

Analog 78,339,980

cdmaOne 67,964,980

GSM 337,794,500

PDC 47,739,500IS-136 48,079,830

Asia Pacific

32%

Europe:

Eastern

3%

Europe:

Western

36%

USA/Canada

17%

Middle East

1%

Americas

9%

Africa

2%

Source: EMC World Cellular Database


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Why CDMA?v Higher capacity

v Improved performance in multipath by diversity

v

Lower mobile transmit power = longer battery lifev Power control

v Variable transmission rate with voice activity detection

v Allows soft handoff

v Sectorization gainv High peak data rates can be accommodated

v Combats other-user interference = lower reuse factors


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IS-95 Forward Link Xmtr Diagram [5]

pulseshaping

pulseshaping

cosot

sinot

LPA

cI pilot,

cQ pilot,

R=1/2; k = 9convolutional

encoder

blockinterleaver

user mlong code

mux

reverselink powercontrol bit

wmuser m

Walsh code

cl m,

19200 sps

1.2288 Mcps

1.2288 Mcps

datascrambling


encoder

blockinterleaver

user nlong code

mux

reverselink powercontrol bit

user nWalsh code

19200 sps

1.2288 Mcps

datascrambling


encoder

blockinterleaver

pagingchannel

long codepaging channel

Walsh code

pagingchannel data9600/4800/2400 bps

19200 sps

1.2288 Mcps

datascrambling

wpcl page,


encoder

blockinterleaver

synch channelWalsh code

synchronizationchannel data1200 bps

4800 sps

1.2288 Mcps

pilot channelWalsh code

pilot channeldata all 0's

1.2288 Mcps

w32

w0

S

cl n,

voiceencoder

172 bitsper 20 msec

error detectioncode (CRC)

& tail bits

12 bit CRC8 bit tail

8600 bps 9600 bps 19200 sps

384 symper 20 msec

voiceencoder

error detectioncode (CRC)

& tail bits

pagingchannel

framing

syncchannelframing

user manalog voice

user nanalog voice

++

+

+

+ +

+

+

S


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What is Third Generation? [1]v Flexible support of multiple services

v Voice

v

Messaging email, fax, etc.v Medium-rate multimedia Internet access, educational

v High-rate multimedia file transfer, video

v High-rate interactive multimedia video telecon-ferencing,

telemedicine, etc.

v Mobility: quasi-stationary to high-speed platforms

v Global roaming: ubiquitous, seamless coverage

v Evolution from second generation systems


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Evolution of Standards [1]GSM

IS-95A

PDC

IS-136

cdma2000

iDEN

1xEV-DVIS-95B

1xEV-DO

GPRS EDGE

W-CDMA HSPDA

2G 2.5G 3G

world

Japan

U.S.

U.S.

U.S./Asia


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Peak Data Rates [1]

171.0115.2

2072.0

614.2

473.0

0

500

1000

1500

2000

kbps

GPRS IS-95B WCDMA cdma2000 EDGE


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3G Spectrum Availability [2]ITU

Japan

China

USA

3G

3G

3G

3G

3G

3G

3G

1885

1885

1885

2025

2025

2025

2025

2110

2110

2110

2110

2110

2200

2200

2200

2200

2200

MSS

MSS

1850

DECT

1880 1900

1895 1918.1

PHS

1980 2010

1980 2010

BroadcastAuxiliary

1930

1910 1930 1990

PCSPCS Unl.PCS

Reserve

MSS MSS

All Frequencies in MHz

* Region 2

MSS MSS

3G

MSS

MSS*MSS*

21702120

2170

1996 2010 2186

2150

MSS

DCS1800

DCS1800

1710 1785 1805

A D B E F C A D B E F C

Europe


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Main Differences between WCDMA

and GSM Air Interfaces [3]

Not supportedSupportedDownlink diversity

Time slot base

scheduling with GPRS

Load based packet

scheduling

Packet data

Frequency hoppingWideband with RAKEFrequency diversity

Network planning

(frequency planning)

Radio resource

management algorithms

Quality control

2 Hz or lower1500 HzPower control freq1-181Reuse factor

200 kHz5 MHzCarrier spacing

GSMWCDMA


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Main Differences between WCDMA

and IS-95 Air Interfaces [3]

Not supportedSupportedDownlink transmit diversity

Packet data xmitted as

short circuit switched cells

Load-based packet

scheduling

Packet data

Not needed (speech only)Yes, provides QoSRadio resource management

Possible; measurement

method not specified

Yes, measurements with

slotted mode

Inter-frequency handovers

Yes, typically via GPSNot neededBase station synchronization

800 Hz uplink; slow, DL1500 up- & downlinkPower control freq

1.2288 Mcps3.84 McpsChip rate

1.25 MHz5 MHzCarrier spacing

IS-95WCDMA


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WCDMA Transmission ParametersvWideband direct-sequence spreading

v3.84 Mcps chip rate

vSpreading gains (ratios) from 4 to 512

vComplex QPSK spreading

vBoth frequency- and time-division duplex modes

vBoth forward and reverse fast power control

vCoherent forward and reverse links using bothcode-division and time-division pilots

vAsynchronous cells


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New Features of cdma2000 vs. IS-95v Forward link[4]

v Quadrature PSK data modulation (doubles avail. Walsh codes)

v Transmit diversity

v

Fast power controlv Quasi-orthogonal codes (more codes)

v Auxiliary pilots (beam forming)

v New common power control and assignment channels

v Increased standby time (changes in paging channel)

v Turbo codes

v Variable rate

v Flexible frame length (5, 20, 40, and 80 ms)

v Multiframe interleaving


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New Features of cdma2000 vs. IS-95vReverse Link [4]vCoherent pilot channel assisted

vBinary PSK data modulation

vComplex PN spreading

vEnhanced access channel = decreased setup times for

traffic channeless connections (allows power control

and slot reservations)

v Improvements to interfrequency hard handoff to

support subframe searches


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W-CDMA Versus cdma2000 [2]W-CDMA IS-2000

Chip Rate 4.096 Mcps 3.6864 Mcps

Frame Duration 10 ms 20 ms

Base Stn Sync Asynchronous Synchronous

Base Stn Acq/Det 3 step paral code srch forbase stn det & slot/frame

Sync through time-

shifted PN correlation

Forward Link Pilot TDM dedicated pilot CDM common pilot

Antenna Beam Form TDM dedicated pilot Auxiliary pilot


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Technologies Considered in Arrivingat Third Generation

vWideband Direct-Sequence Code DivisionMultiple Access (CDMA)

vWideband Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA)

vWideband C/TDMA

vOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)

vOpportunity Driven Multiple Access (ODMA)


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WCDMA Uplink Frame Structure [1]DPDCHI: data channel

Q: sync & control DPCCH

)6,,0(bits2*10k

K== kNdata

chips2560 =slot

T

bitspilot

NPilot: TFCI FBI TPC

TFCI = transmit format combination indicatorFBI = feedback informationTPC = transmit power control

DPDCH = dedicated physical data channelDPCCH = dedicated physical control channel

ms667.0

slot 0 slot 1 slot i slot 14

radio frame = 10 ms


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WCDMA Uplink Modulator Structure [1]

pulse shapefilter (SRC)


d

d

d

c

1,dc

)cos( tc

)sin( tc

2,dc

3,dc

cc

DPDCH1

DPDCH2

DPDCH3

DPCCH

I

Q

long,1c

long,2c

+

+

+

-

+

+


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Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Codes

00

0

0000

00000000

01

0011

0101

0110

00001111

00110011

00111100

01010101

01011010

01100110

01101001

,cd i selected from this tree

Notes:1) For fixed chip rate, desired information

rate determines length of spreadingsequence and therefore processing gain.

2) When a specific code is used, no othercode on the path from that code to the rootand or on the subtree beneath thatcode may be used.

3) All the codes at any depth into the treeare the set of Walsh Sequences.

4) Code phase is synchronous withinformation symbols.

5) FDD UL processing gain between 256 and 4FDD DL processing gain between 512 and 4TDD UL/DL processing gain between 16 and 1

6) Multicode used only for SF = 4


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WCDMA Downlink Frame Structure [1]

DPDCH DPCCH

chips2560=

slotT

TFCI PilotTPC

ms667.0

slot 0 slot 1 slot i slot 14

radio frame = 10 ms

DPDCHDPCCH

1 dataN 2 dataNData1 Data2

)7,,0(bits2*10 22 K==+ kNNk

datadata


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WCDMA Downlink Modulator Structure [1]

long,2c

tj

e

longC

longC


PrimarySync Code

SecondarySync Code

1G

nG

PG

SG

sum

1,dc

ndc ,

PC

SC

dedicatedtraffic channels

primary &secondarycommon pilotchannels

primary &secondarycommoncontrolchannels

other channels

s/p

s/p


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WCDMA Forward Error Controlv Convolutional Coding

v rate 1/2 & rate 1/3

v 256 state

v puncture to higher ratesv interleave over 10, 20, 40 or 80 ms

v Turbo Coding

v parallel coding

v

rate 1/3v 8 state codes

v block lengths 320 to 5114 bits

v interleaver designed within 3gpp


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WCDMA Convolutional Code

Output 0561 (octal)

Output 1753 (octal)

25.212 V3.5.0 (2000-12)

Rate Code

input


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WCDMA Convolutional Code

input

Output 1663 (octal)

Output 0557 (octal)

Output 2711 (octal)

Rate 1/3 Code

25.212 V3.5.0 (2000-12)


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WCDMA Turbo Coding+

+

+

+

+ +

+

+

interleaver

)(tX

)(tY

)(tY

)(tX


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Codng Performance Compared

1.00E-06

1.00E-05

1.00E-04

1.00E-03

1.00E-02

1.00E-01

2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00

average Ebi/N0

averageBER,

FER

PCTC,BER,N=5120,8st,4it,CDI int

PCTC,FER,N=5120,8st,4it,CDI int

conv+RS,BER,K=9,N=5120

conv+RS,FER,K=9,N=5120

PCTC,BER,N=640,8st,4it,CDI int

PCTC,FER,N=640,8st,4it,CDI int

conv+RS,BER,K=9,N=640

conv+RS,FER,K=9,N=640

1 dB


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Diversity Strategies for Downlink

Transmit Diversity


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cdma2000 Transmission Parametersv Wideband direct-sequence CDMA

vuplink chip rates 1.2288 Mcps & 3.686 Mcps

vdownlink chip rate 1.2288 Mcps

vsingle or 3X multicarrier downlink

v spreading factors from TBD to TBD

v Complex QPSK spreading

v Frequency Division Duplex

v

Both forward and reverse fast power control (800 Hz)v Coherent forward and reverse links using code-division

pilots

v Synchronous cells


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cdma2000 Uplink Frame Structure

CRCencodertail bits

Convolutionalor Turbo Coder

symbolrepetition

symbolpuncture

blockinterleaver

modulationsymbol

C

channelbits

Bits/Frame164080172350

744151230486120

CRCbits6681216

16161616

tailbits88888

8888

Data Ratekbps1.52.74.89.619.2

38.476.8153.6307.2

CodeRate1/41/41/41/41/4

1/41/41/41/2

Repeats168421

1111

Delete1 of 51 of 9nonenonenone

nonenonenonenone

Symbols15361536153615361536

307261441228812288

Radio Configuration 3

C.S.0002-A-1 Fig 2.1.3.1.1.1-8


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cdma2000 Uplink Modulator

C

C

C

A

B

d

d

d

c

)cos( tc

)sin( tcIlong,c Qlong,c

+

+

+

+

+

_

sum

s

um1

Dw

Cw

2 Sw

1 Sw

PrimaryTraffic

SecondaryTraffic 1

SecondaryTraffic 2

Control

Pilot

pulseshape

pulseshape


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cdma2000 Long Code Generator

++++++++++17161076532 XXXXXXX1 XX

4235333127262522211918 XXXXXXXX XXX ++++++++++

Mm,j identifies user

Mm,1Mm,2 Mm,3

42X

I-channel PN

Q-channel PN

walsh 2(0 1)

1-chipdelay decby 2

1X

+ + +

+


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Short PN Pilot Sequence: 1.2288 Mcps

C.S0002-A-1 paragraph 2.1.3.1.12.1

insert

zero

insertzero

+ + + + +

+ + + + + + +

inphase PN sequence

quadrature PN sequence

151211106543 XXXXXX1 XX ++++++++

15139875 XXXX1 XX ++++++


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cdma2000 UL Convolutional Codes

C.S.0002-A-1 Fig 2.1.3.1.4.1.1-1


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cdma2000 Turbo Code+ +

+ +

+

+ +

++

+

+

interleaver

symbolpu

ncture

andrep

eat

output

input

C.S.0002-A-1 Fig 2.1.3.1.4.2.1-1


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cdma2000 3X Code Generators

insertzero

+ + +

20953 XXX1 X++++

Short Pilot CodeTruncate and use delay different segments for I and Q

1X longcode

s1.2288

1

s1.2288

1

+

+

MUX

C.S0002-A-1 Fig 2.1.3.1.12-1

Long CodeGenerator

Output(3.6864 Mcps)


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cdma2000 Uplink Data Rates


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cdma2000 1X Downlink Common

ChannelsPilot Channelall 0s

SyncChannel

PagingChannel

convencode

2Xrepeat

interleave4800 ksps

0 11 -1

0 11 -1

0 11 -1

channelgain

channelgain

channelgain

convencode

repeat interleave

longcode

decimate

+

QX

IX

QX

IX

QX

IX

C.S0002-A-1 Fig 3.1.3.1.1.1-1


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cdma2000 1X DL Modulation

Processing+

longcode

longcodemask

0 11 -1

channelgain

fwd pwr

ctrl gain p

owercontrol

sy

mbolpuncture

DEMUX

decimate pwr ctrlbit pos

I/Q scramblingbit extract

powercontrol

bits

puncturetiming800 Hz

W

YQ

YI

C.S.0002-A-1 Fig 3.1.3.1.1.1-18

modulationsymbol

rate


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cdma2000 Downlink Convolutional Codes


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cdma2000 3X Downlink Common

Channels

C.S.0002-A-1 Fig 3.1.3.1.1.2-1

Pilot Channelall 0s

SyncChannel

convencode

2Xrepeat

interleave4800 ksps

0 11 -1

0 11 -1

channelgain

channelgain

QX

IX

QX

IX


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cdma2000 1X Downlink Modulation

I channelpilot PN

Q channelpilot PN

Walsh code

QOF code

IY

QY

pulseshape

pulseshape

+

+

+

-

)cos( tc

)sin( tc

otherchannels

otherchannels

phase

rotatefo

rQOF

QX

IX


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cdma2000 Downlink Frame Structure

Other similar tables in specification.

Bits/Frame164080172360

74415123048

CRCbits6681216

161616

tailbits88888

888


38.476.8153.6

CodeRate1/41/41/41/41/4

1/41/41/4

Repeats84211

111

Delete1 of 51 of 9nonenonenone

nonenonenone

Symbols7687687687681536

3072614412288


CRCencodertail bits


symbolrepetition

symbolpuncture

blockinterleaver

modulationsymbol

channelbits

W


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cdma2000 3X DL Modulation Processing

+

longcode

longcodemask

0 11 -1

channelgain

fwd pwrctrl gain p

ow

ercontrol

symb

olpuncture

DEMUX

decimatepwr ctrlbit pos


powercontrol

bits


W Y1

modulationsymbol

rateY0


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cdma2000 3X DownlinkCommon Channels

Pilot Channelall 0s

SyncChannel

convencode

2Xrepeat

interleave4800 ksps

0 11 -1

0 11 -1

channelgain

channelgain

QX

IX

QX

IX


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cdma2000 Downlink Frame Structure

Other similar tables in specification.

Bits/Frame2155125267552

112822804584919220712

CRCbits68101216

1616161616

tailbits88888

88888


57.6115.2230.4460.81036.8

CodeRate1/21/21/21/21/2

1/21/21/21/21/2

Repeats84211

11111

Deletenonenonenonenonenone

nonenonenonenone2 of 18

Symbols5765765765761152

2304460892161843236864


CRCencodertail bits


symbolrepetition

symbolpuncture

blockinterleaver

modulationsymbol

channelbits

W


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cdma2000 3X DL ModulationProcessing

+

longcode

longcodemask

0 11 -1

channelgain

fwd pwrctrl gain p

owercontrol

symbolpuncture

D

EMUX

decimatepwr ctrlbit pos


powercontrol

bits


WYQ1

YI1

modulation

symbolrate

YQ2

YI2

YQ3

YI3


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cdma2000 3X Downlink Modulation

same as below

same as above

outputcarrier 1

outputcarrier 2

outputcarrier 3

YQ1

YI1

YQ2

YI2

YQ3

YI3


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cdma2000 Downlink Data Rates


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cdma2000 vs WCDMAvChip rate

vCoherent Pilot Channels

vTransmit Diversity

vUnderlying Network

v Single Carrier versus Multicarrier Spreading

vCell Site Synchronization


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References[1] R. L. Peterson, Third Generation Personal Communications: Physical LayerStatus, Presentation at Clemson University, Feb. 1, 2001

[2] Manjit Singh and Manoneet Singh, 3G Wireless with Respect to IMT-2000 and

Beyond, Telecom 99

[3] Harri Holma and Antti Toskala, WCDMA for UMTS: Radio Access for ThirdGeneration Mobile Communications, New York: Wiley, 2000

[4] CDMA Evolution from IS-95, IS-2000, to 1XTREME, Technology Transfer

Training Class, Motorola, Inc., July 2000

[5] R. Ziemer and R. Peterson,Introduction to Digital Communications, Upper

Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, Chapter 10, 2001


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WCDMA: More Information?v http://www.3gpp.org

v 21.101 guide to all other documents

v 25.XXX series radio access network (RAN)

v 25.211 frame structure etc.

v 25.212 channel coding etc.

v 25.213 spreading and modulation

v 25.214 physical layer procedures (tx diversity, etc.)

v 25.321 medium access control (MAC)

v 25.322 radio link control (RLC)

v 26.XXX series voice coding


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GSM/GPRS/EDGE: More Information?v http://www.3gpp.org

multiple access, logical channels, etc05.0245.002

general description05.0145.001

modulation05.0445.004

channel coding05.0345.003

RLC/MAC04.6044.060

link adaptation05.0945.009

radio link control05.0845.008

radio transmission and channelmodels05.0545.005

descriptionETSI3GPP


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cdma2000: More Information?v http://www.3gpp2.org

vTechnical Specification Group C cdma2000

v

C.S0002-A-1

Physical Layer StandardvC.S0003-A-1 Medium Access Control (MAC)

vC.S0004-A-1 Signaling Link Access Control

vC.S00024 1XEV-DO (high speed packet)

vC.S0005 Upper Layer Signaling (L3)


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3G Information Sourcesv Third Generation Partnership Projects

v http://www.3gpp.org

v http://www.3gpp2.org

v CDMA Development Group (CDG)

v http://www.cdg.org

v International Mobile Telecommunications for the year 2000

v http://www.tiaonline.org/standards/sfg/imt2k/

v Japan ARIB IMT-2000 proposal

v http://www.arib.or.jp/IMT-2000/ARIB/Document/

3g cdma wcdma and cdma2000-ieee-ziemer

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