31st annual report - cvrl.ae · mrs. shyna korah mrs. rubeena muhammed mr. abdul khadarnissarudeen...
TRANSCRIPT
31st Annual Report
Central Veterinary Research LaboratoryPO Box 597, Dubai, UAE
www.cvrl.ae
2017
CVRL Organogram - 2018 (74 staff members)
Dr. Ali RidhaDirector General
Dr. Dr. habil. Ulrich WerneryScientific Director
Office SecretaryMr. Abdul LatheefMiss. Jeanne VillarealMr. Francis JosephMrs. Susan Titus
Animal HusbandryDr. Vijaya BaskarMr. Thanveer SharifMr. Waqas KamalMr. MatinMr. Fazal WaheedMr. Zaheer Ahmed
AccountsMr. Nasarullah ChaudhryMrs. Farida Al-HashmiMr. Mustafa Jaffar
Information TechnologyMr. Rajan BabuMr. Dhilshad MaliakkalMr. Jamsheer MoideenMr. Sajith Jalal
Purchase & StoresMr. Suresh BabuMr. Nijum NazarullaMr. Abdul Rehman
Wildlife Protection OfficeMr. Khalid Shaikh
Analytical ChemistryMrs. Jyothi AnandhMrs. Preetha VargheseMr. Yousuf AbubakerMr. Razaul Karim
Haematology & BiochemistryMrs. Ringu MareenaMr. BalakrishnanMr. Tahir Zaman
BacteriologyMrs. Bobby JohnsonMrs. Marina JosephMrs. Sherry JoseMrs. Shanty JoseMr. ShanmugarajaMrs. Jeeba JohnMr. Alam Gir SiddiqueMr. Mathai VergheseMr. Albert Loria RosalesMr. Pratap Lama
SerologyMiss. Rekha RaghavanMrs. Ginu SyriacMr. John ChristopherMrs. Shruti ThomasMrs. Nayana PailyMr. Anwar Sadath
VirologyMrs. Renate Wernery
(PR Manageress)Dr. Sunitha JosephMrs. Nissy GeorgyMrs. Shyna KorahMrs. Rubeena MuhammedMr. Abdul KhadarNissarudeen
ParasitologyProf. Dr. Rolf SchusterMrs. Saritha SivakumarMr. Zulfiqar Ali
Pathology/HistopathologyDr. Jörg KinneMr. Chellapan VishwanathanMrs. Sweena LiddleMr. Aamir AliMr. Zia Ur Rehman
TaxidermyMrs. Corina BernersMr. Andre AppeltMr. Dean TugadeMr. Tilak ChettriMr. Upakar Tamang
Public RelationMr. Cherian SajiMr. Nijab Nazarulla
DriversMr. Ibrahim KoothradanMr. Muhammed Ashar
MaintenanceMr. Salim AliMr. Muhammad BilalMr. Dildar Riaz
GardeningMr. Uzair GhulamMr. Muhammad Sohail
1
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General Information
This is CVRL’s 31th Annual Report. All previous Annual Reports are available at CVRL. They are
an immense source of information on animal diseases in the United Arab Emirates and abroad.
Additionally, research results from the last three decades are also presented. This information
is crucial for prophylaxis and prevention of animal diseases. CVRL has so far written more than
625 scientific publications. It should additionally be mentioned that over the span of 31 years,
CVRL’s scientists have isolated and archived more than 5000 bacterial, viral and fungal strains
in our microbank. This is a unique and irreplaceable culture collection for future research.
CVRL was awarded the CERTIFICATE OF ACCREDITATION in June 2014, after it met the
requirements of the IAS Accreditation Criteria for Testing Laboratories (AC89), by
demonstrating compliance with ISO/IEC Standard 17025:2005. In 2018 CVRL will expand its
scope of accreditation including the BLS3.
CVRL has successfully implemented the complete panel of import/export testing for pet travel
including Rabies antibody testing (Page 33).
We also can announce with pride that most of our veterinary vaccines are now registered with
the UAE Ministries of Climate Change and Environment (MOCCAE) and Health (MOH) (Page
36).
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Haematology / Biochemistry Department Table 1: Haematology and biochemistry of camels, horses, falcons and other animal species*
Owner Species 2016 2017
No of Samples No of Tests No of Samples No of Tests
H.H. Sh. Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Camel 5,954 33,616 10,672 45,725
H.H. Sh. Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Maktoum “ 1,684 17,827 304 3,463
Sh. Hamdan Bin Mohammed Al Maktoum “ 102 845 22 325
Other Sheikhs “ 498 5,111 44 609
Abu Dhabi Camel Racing Club “ ‐ ‐ 6,091 24,348
Bedouins “ 1,178 13,173 841 11,278
Total Camel 9,416 70,572 17,974 85,748
‐ Equine 1,182 18,444 906 17,562
‐ Falcon 112 784 66 901
‐ Canine 162 1,841 170 2,685
‐ Feline 148 1,998 97 1,408
‐ Gazelle 107 1,812 321 2,044
‐ Human 49 1,188 23 582
‐ Dolphin 213 1,610 134 1,463
‐ Others* 453 3,480 440 3,889
Total 11,842 101,729 20,131 116,282
* Goat, sheep, cattle, birds, giraffe, etc.
4
Table 2: Early inflammatory response
Test Species Year Total Normal Elevated
Serum Amyloid A (SAA)
Falcon 2016 3 3 0
2017 1 1 0
Equine 2016 803 637 166
2017 671 592 79
Others* 2016 4 ‐ ‐
2017 8 ‐ ‐
Fibrinogen (Fb)
Equine 2016 401 362 39
2017 98 98 0
Dolphin 2016 188 ‐ ‐
2017 85 ‐ -
Others* 2016 35 ‐ ‐
2017 16
*Seal, Dolphin, Camel, etc
Reference values: SAA (Falcon) : 0‐4 µg/ml ;
SAA (Equine) : 0‐20 µg/ml
Fb (Equine) : 100 – 400 mg/dl
Table 3: Hormone analysis
Hormones 2016 2017
T3 50 54
T4 63 89
Progesterone 387 269
Esteradiol 75 66
Testosterone 293 255
Cortisol 187 127
Vitamin B12 ‐ 48
Troponin T ‐ 16
Total 1,055 924
5
Table 4: Results of blood parasites and bacteria investigation of blood smears
Year Total no. of
samples tested
Positive
Species *Parasites/Bacteria
2016 596
Camel 18 Trypanosoma
Avian 10 Haemoproteus spp.
Equine 3 Piroplasma
Feline 1 Cytanxzoon felis
Bovine 1 Theileria annulata
2017 462
Camel 2 Trypanosoma
Avian 6 Haemoproteus
Equine 1 Piroplasma
Feline 3 Mycoplasma haemofelis
Goat 1 Anaplasma
Bovine 1 Anaplasma
2 Theilaria annulata
* See also under Parasitology Department, Page No: 18
6
Bacteriology Department
Table 5: Consignments and total number of specimens
Species Number Consignments Number Specimens
2016 2017 2016 120 7
Camels 1,234 30.8% 1,372 28.5% 5,016 42.0% 5,969 41.5
Equine 733 18.3% 907 18.9% 1,404 11.8% 1,650 11.5
Bovine 642 16.0% 674 14.0% 1,180 9.9% 1,552 10.8
Canine 148 3.7% 314 6.5% 229 1.9% 437 3.0
Feline 79 2.0% 199 4.1% 122 1.0% 305 2.1
Falcons 111 2.8% 87 1.8% 327 2.7% 269 1.9
Others* 1,063 26.5% 1,254 26.1% 3,665 30.7% 4,216 29.3
TOTAL 4,010 4,807 11,943 14,398
* See Table 6
Year Consignments Specimens
1995 1,354 5,103
1996 1,677 7,215
1997 2,914 12,114
1998 3,044 12,024
1999 2,919 9,698
2000 2,686 9,826
2001 3,802 13,536
2002 4,887 18,093
2003 4,975 17,533
2004 3,788 14,493
2005 3,923 16,248
2006 4,204 20,146
2007 3,934 19,481
2008 3,636 20,211
2009 4,031 19,706
2010 3,165 8,870
2011 3,344 9,554
2012 3,240 9,090
2013 3,279 9,322
2014 3,869 12,575
2015 3,961 12,134
2016 4,010 11,943
2017 4,807 14,398
7
Table 6: Consignments and total number of specimens of ‘Others’ from Table 5
Species Consignments Specimens Species Consignments Specimens
Avian 144 446 Rhea 5 19
Bustard 102 467 Rhinoceros 1 1
Chicken 63 547 Rodent 4 9
Crocodile 19 77 Ruminant 1 1
Dolphin 37 94 Sea Lion 1 1
Donkey 1 5 Seahorse 2 3
Fish 30 65 Seal 6 9
Fox 1 5 Sheep 21 74
Francolin 1 2 Snail 1 1
Frog 4 8 Snake 23 94
Gazelle 101 396 Socotra cormorant 3 4
Giraffe 10 19 Sting Ray 1 4
Goat 16 72 Swan 1 3
Guinea Pig 10 41 Tinamou 3 11
Hamster 3 3 Tortoise 9 24
Hare 2 5 Turkey 1 4
Hippopotamus 2 21 Turtle 17 64
Hornbill 1 5 Vulture guinea fowl 1 4
Human 23 27 Wallaby 3 12
Hyena 2 4 Wolf 4 11
Ibis 1 1 Other Samples
Lizard 4 9 Air Settle Plates 2 7
Meerkat 1 4 Alfalfa 2 2
Mixed 2 5 Biological indicator 92 184
Mouse 1 8 Date Syrup 1 7
Ostrich 7 31 Feed 79 154
Otter 1 1 Food for Human Consumption 16 47
Owl 7 21 Hay 1 1
Parrot 29 104 Honey 49 75
Pelican 1 4 Ice 2 2
Penguin 11 61 Oil 6 6
Pheasant 16 53 Sand 2 5
Pigeon 39 118 Slide 1 1
Porcupine 1 5 Soil 1 1
Primates 36 124 Water 80 144
Quail 26 159 Others 29 122
Rabbit 12 31 Total (2017) 1,254 4,216
Reptile 16 57 Total (2016) 1,063 3,665
*Species not mentioned
8
Table 7: Submissions by the following senders
Sender Consignments Specimens
Count % Count %
Emirates Industries for Camel Milk and Products 531 11.0 2,518 17.5
Dr. Zahid Naeem 630 13.1 1,384 9.6
Central Veterinary Research Laboratory 211 4.4 1,144 7.9
Dubai Equine Hospital 637 13.3 1,002 7.0
Dr. Ashraf Abdulla 140 2.9 836 5.8
Zabeel Veterinary Hospital 272 5.7 711 4.9
Nakhli Dairy Farm 314 6.5 685 4.8
Dr Mohamed Ali Soyi 37 0.8 403 2.8
Dubai Safari 90 1.9 392 2.7
Mr. Khalifa Saif Magoodi 62 1.3 325 2.3
Dr. Adriana Nielsen 85 1.8 311 2.2
Two Feet Four Paws Vet. Clinic 167 3.5 259 1.8
Dr. Muhammed Amir Saeed 29 0.6 238 1.7
Dubai Camel Hospital 98 2.0 203 1.4
Al Wasl Vet Clinic 49 1.0 192 1.3
Dubai Falcon Hospital 45 0.9 145 1.0
Dr. Andrew Dalglish 32 0.7 120 0.8
Dr. Yousef Kassab (Government ‐ QAT) 79 1.6 110 0.8
Houbara Breeding Center 17 0.4 108 0.8
Mr. Kevin Hyland 24 0.5 90 0.6
Dr Salman Ahmed (UAE) 11 0.2 80 0.6
Pet Connection Vet Clinic 73 1.5 77 0.5
Dubai Racing Club 21 0.4 75 0.5
Mr. Declan O Donovan 18 0.4 75 0.5
Dubai Dolphinarium 18 0.4 74 0.5
Camel Reproduction Centre 39 0.8 73 0.5
Others 1,078 22.4 2,768 19.2
Total (2017) 4,807 ‐ 14,398 ‐
Total (2016) 4,010 ‐ 11,943 ‐
Total (2015) 3,961 ‐ 12,134 ‐
9
Table 8: Total number of milk samples and milk products tested
Sample No. of samples
Raw Milk 2,729
Pasteurized Milk & Products 2,288
Milk Powder 11
Grand Total (2017) 5,028
Grand Total (2016) 4,638
Grand Total (2015) 4,761
Grand Total (2014) 4,487
Table 9: Bacteriological results of raw milk samples tested for human consumption
Species Owner Location
No. of samples
Total Suitable* Not suitable
Count % Count %
Camel
HH Sh Hamdan Bin Mohammed Al Maktoum
Nad Al Sheba Camel Farm
783 351 44.8 432 55.2
HH Sh Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Makthoum
Al Safa 728 616 84.6 112 15.4
HH Sh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Makthoum
Mahmiya Camel Milking Farm
154 118 76.6 36 23.4
Others 48 28 58.3 20 41.7
Total 1,713 1,113 65.0 600 35.0
Bovine
HH Sh Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Makthoum
Al Aweer 634 421 66.4 213 33.6
HH Sh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Makthoum
Nakhli Dairy Farm 13 12 92.3 1 7.7
Sheikha Mariyam bint Rashid Al Maktoum 78 28 35.9 50 64.1
Others 9 0 0.0 9 100.0
Total 734 461 62.8 273 37.2
Grand Total (2017) 2,447 1,574 64.3 873 35.7
Grand Total (2016) 2,499 1,599 64.0 900 36.0
* All milk samples were judged according to the European Union cow milk regulations Not suitable: Total Plate Count(TPC) ≥ 50,000 cfu/ml, Coliform count ≥ 20 cfu/ml
Staphylococcus aureus count ≥ 100 cfu/ml, CMT: positive
10
Table 10: Bacteriology results of pasteurized milk
* Suitability of samples were judged according to UAE.S/GSO 1016:2014 standards.
Table 11: Bacteriology results of special culture for the isolation of Mycoplasma sp. and Brucella sp. from raw milk samples
Test Species Year Total
Samples Isolated
Not Isolated
Mycoplasma sp. Bovine
2015 2 0 2
2016 9 0 9
2017 6 0 6
Brucella sp.
Bovine
2015 14 5* 9
2016 7 2* 5
2017 3 1* 2
Camel
2015 57 3* 54
2016 30 12* 18
2017 19 0 19
* B.melitensis
Species Year
No. of Samples
Total Suitable* Not Suitable*
Count % Count %
Camel
2017 (EICMP) 1,610 1,574 97.8 36 2.2
2016 (EICMP) 1,606 1,514 94.3 92 5.7
2015 (EICMP) 1,466 1,456 99.3 10 0.7
Bovine
2017 (Nakhlee farm) 567 518 91.4 49 8.6
2016 (Nakhlee farm) 322 314 97.5 8 2.5
2015 (Nakhlee farm) 289 285 98.6 4 1.4
11
Table 12: Salmonella strains isolated from different animal species
Species Salmonella
isolates Species
Salmonella
Isolates
Avian 8 Pintail Sandgrouse 1
Bustard 10 Primate 47
Camel 59 Quail 8
Canine 1 Reptile 7
Cattle 3 Snake 44
Chicken 21 Toad 1
Cockatoo 1 Tortoise 4
Crocodile 9 Total (2017) 305
Equine 42 Total (2016) 231
Falcon 13 Total (2015) 295
Feline 9 Total (2014) 209
Flamingo 2 Total (2013) 187
Gazelle 1 Total (2012) 110
Goat 2 Total (2011) 158
Lizard 4 Total (2010) 199
Parrot 1 Total (2009) 232
Pheasant 1 Total (2008) 181
Pigeon 6
12
Table 13: Mycoplasma strains isolated from different animal species
Species Mycoplasma sp. isolates
Chicken 1
Goat 2
Falcon 1
Total (2017) 4*
Total (2016) 13*
Total (2015) 15
Total (2014) 20
Total (2013) 1
Total (2012) 3
Total (2011) 11
Total (2010) 12
Total (2009) 64
* Isolated strains are not serotyped
Table 14: Brucella strains isolated during the year 2017 (not from milk)
Species Brucella sp. isolates
Camel** 36*
Total (2017) 36
Total (2016) 41*
Total (2015) 1*
Total (2014) 2*
Total (2013) 4*
* All Brucella melitensis
** Brucella project trial camels
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Special Isolates:
Bacteria:
Bacteria No. of strains
Source
Bordetella avium 2 Quail (lung), plate for identification
Brucella melitensis 36
Camel (lymph nodes, organs of Brucella project trial camels)
1 Bovine (milk)
Campylobacter coli 2 Squirrel monkey (faecal swab)
Campylobacter fetus ssp fetus 2 Primates (faecal swab)
Campylobacter jejunii ssp. jejuni 6 Chicken (intestine)
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
9 Camel (abscess, abscess swab, lung, joint fluid)
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 1 Common marmoset (organs)
Ignatzschineria dubaiensis 5 Camel (foot cancer cases, leg wound)
Legionella pneumophila 13 Tap water, tank water
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
21
Equine (guttural pouch, wound swab, abscess, uterine swab, incision swab), Falcon (oropharyngeal swab), Canine (swab, tissue mass), Dolphin (blowhole swab), Hamster (hind leg swab)
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP)
20 Canine (skin swab, wound swab, urine, lung, ear swab, vaginal swab, ear skin, skin scrapings)
Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium 1 Duck (liver)
Mycobacterium spp 3 Camel (lung), Elephant (trunk wash)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1 Gibbon (liver, spleen)
Pasteurella testudinis 2 Tortoise (nasal discharge swab)
Rhodococcus equi 23 Equine (transtracheal wash, abscess, abscess swab, lung, uterine swab)
Streptococcus intermedius 1 Canine (throat swab)
Fungus: Malassezia pachydermatis ‐ Canine and Feline: mainly from ear swab Microsporum canis ‐ Canine and Feline Zygosaccharomyces bailii ‐ Honey Cryptococcus albidus ‐ Feline (Eye swab) Zygosaccharomyces bailii ‐ Honey Algae:
Prototheca zopfii ‐ Camel (lung
14
Fig. 1: Results of enterotoxaemia ELISA for Clostridium perfringens and its toxins
*Others: Bovine, Giraffe, Reptile etc. Table 15: Number of samples (culture supernatants) confirmed as Clostridium
perfringens and its toxins
Species Cl. perfringens Alpha toxinBeta toxin
Epsilon toxin
Non toxic
Avian 91 76 ‐ 1 14
Camel 95 90 ‐ 2 3
Canine 35 30 ‐ ‐ 5
Caprine/Ovine 12 12 ‐ 3 ‐
Dolphin 5 5 ‐ ‐ ‐
Equine 38 37 ‐ ‐ 1
Falcon 43 41 ‐ ‐ 2
Feline 33 30 ‐ ‐ 3
Gazelle/Antelope 34 32 ‐ 1 1
Others* 50 31 ‐ 19
Total (2017) 436 384 ‐ 7 48
Total (2016) 324 319 ‐ 9 3
Total (2015) 355 355 ‐ 6 ‐
*Others: Bovine, Giraffe, Reptile etc.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
No. o
f cases
Species
Cl Perfringens
Alpha
Beta
Epsilon
15
Table 16: Feed samples tested for mycotoxins
Toxin test Consignments Feed samples and toxin levels detected
2016 2017
Aflatoxin (ELISA)
2016 2017 No. of Samples
20ppb No. of Samples
20ppb
79 93 167 0 179 1
Fumonisin
(ELISA)
2016 2017 No. of Samples
5ppb No. of Samples
5ppb
10 29 29 0 60 0
Aflatoxin: 20ppb levels in feed is considered as TOXIC Fumonisin 5ppm levels in feed is considered as TOXIC
16
Department of Parasitology The Parasitology department examined 3,637 routine samples in the year 2017. The majority of the samples originated from camels (n=1176) followed by birds (n=806), canids (n=415), game (n=326), equids (n=241) and felids (n=241) (Table 17). Amongst other examined hosts were reptiles (n=115), primates (n=46), rodents and lagomorphs (n=43) and fish (n=27). Samples from marsupials, sea mammals and mongoose occurred in lower numbers. The sample consisted mainly of faecal samples, intestines, skin scrapings and blood samples and isolated parasites sent in for determination (Table 18).
Table 17: Number of samples from different host species
Host Year
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Camelids 4,192 2,948 4,864 3,351 2,037 1,178
Birds 268 350 410 411 687 806
Game 96 76 118 79 131 326
Goat and sheep 87 35 266 70 80 74
Felids 156 115 94 69 112 241
Canids 189 199 207 136 197 415
Equids 119 110 134 342 392 241
Others 161 124 141 159 298 365
Total 5,268 3,959 6,241 4,617 3,934 3,637
Table 18: Materials sent for parasitological examination in 2017
Material Month
TotalJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Faeces 285 201 161 151 267 194 196 290 147 257 257 326 2,732
Intestines 33 21 42 31 51 36 44 57 36 52 44 111 558
Helminths 1 4 4 1 1 3 3 1 4 1 3 26
Skin scrapings 7 6 8 14 12 15 10 8 3 4 1 3 91
Ticks 48 1 49
Feed/water 4 9 2 1 2 2 3 5 3 31
Blood 7 8 2 8 6 1 4 13 6 1 3 4 63
Cysts 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 3 16
Flies/maggots 2 1 1 4
Carcasses 2 1 2 5
Stomachs 16 4 1 2 1 24
Plants 1 1
Others 5 6 1 8 3 10 2 2 37
Total 357 254 225 210 349 252 268 375 246 329 315 457 3,637
17
Camels
Out of 935 faecal samples from racing and breeding camels, 177 (18.9%) were positive for endoparasites.
Oocysts of Eimeria cameli (8.1%) followed by E. dromedarii (4.2%), E. rajasthani (1.7%) and Nematodirus eggs (2.2%) were the most frequently diagnosed camel parasites while other nematodes Trichostrongylus spp. (1.4%), Capillaria sp. (1.1%), Trichuris spp. (0.6%) and cestode eggs (Moniezia 0.9%), were less frequent.
Out of 161 camel calf samples, 8 faecal samples were positive for Cystoisospora orlovi and two for Cryptosporidium oocysts. E. cameli oocysts were found in one sample only. Nematodirus and Strongyloides eggs were detected in five and one samples, respectively.
Out of 9 camel stomachs examined 6 abomasi were positive for Physocephalus dromedarii.
Hyalomma dromedarii was the only tick found on UAE camels (22 cases).
Sarcoptes scabiei mites were detected in two out of 13 submitted skin scrapings.
Five cases of hydatid cysts in the lung and/ or liver of adult camels were seen.
Three cases of maggot infestation mainly with “foot‐ cancer” were presented. All fly larvae belonged to Sarcophagidae.
Birds
The spectrum of examined birds consisted of more than 100 species.
Chicken (n=129) and other galliform birds (n=109) were infected with Eimeria spp., Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Raillietina spp.
In falcons (n=59) Porocaecum angusticolle was the most frequent parasite (22% of samples). Serratospiculum sp., Cladotaenia sp. and Avispora megafalconis and A. neofalconis were less frequent.
Twenty‐one (=16%) out of 132 bustards were infected with parasites (Avispora megafalconis, Hispaniolepis falsata, Otiditaenia conoides, Hispaniolepis falsata, Idiogenes otidis, Empodius taeniatus and Sphaerirostris embae) were diagnosed. The feather louse, Otidoecus houbarae, was the only ectoparasite found.
One out of seven barn owls was infected with hypopi (Deutonymphs nestmites) of Tytodectes sp.
Philophthalmus aweerensis was found under the eyelids of two rheas and one pigeon.
18
Equids
Out of 241 equid samples, 107 were diarrhetic foal faeces of which 62 (=58%) were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Cryptosporidiosis seems to be an increasing foal disease.
Four cases of Habronema muscae in stomachs of adult horses.
Parascaris equorum and small strongyles were seen in four and two samples, respectively
Eggs of Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus, a trematode that lives in the gut of equids was a remarkable finding since water snails are involved in the life cycle of this parasite.
Canids
Out of 415 canid samples, 248 were routine check‐ups with coccidians (Cystoisospora canis and C. ohioensis), ascarids (Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina), hookworms (Ancylosoma sp.) and whipworms (Trichuris vulpis) being the most frequent species found.
Trematode eggs in three samples and lungworm larvae in one sample were remarkable findings.
Out of 121 screened diarrhetic samples nine (=7.4%) were positive for flagellates (Giardia and Trichomonas like).
The spectrum of diagnosed arthropods consisted of four cases of tick infestation (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), three cases of demodicosis and each one case of Neotrombicula sp. and Ctenocephalides canis. The latter parasites are remarkable because harvest mites and dog fleas are untypical for the UAE.
A total of 31 blood samples were tested for Dirofilaria microfilariae; all samples negative.
Felines
Out of 241 feline samples, 197 were routine check‐ups. Of these, 25 (=10%) samples were positive for parasites (Toxascaris leonina, Cystoisospora felis, Ancylostoma sp.).
All 21 diarrhetic faecal samples were tested for the presence parasitic flagellates with negative result.
A total of 10 blood samples were tested for Dirofilaria microfilariae; all samples negative.
19
Game
Out of 326 samples from game, 288 were sent for routine examination or originated from necropsied animals. Of these, 86 (=26%) samples were positive mainly with Eimeria spp. (n=58) and/or nematode eggs (n=32).
All 16 diarrhetic faecal samples were tested negative for parasites.
Reptiles
Out of 16 tortoises five were infected with nematodes of the genus Tachygonetia.
Caryospora oocysts were found in one out of 53 snake samples
Two saw scaled vipers were infected with intestinal tapeworms of the genus Ophiotaenia. The same snakes showed a heavy infection with larval stages of feline cestodes of the genus Joyeuxiella and Diplopylidium.
Larval stages of the acanthocephalans Macracanthorhynchus catulinus and Centrorhynchus aluconis were found in an indigenous wadi racer.
Tick survey
A tick survey organised by Dubai Municipality Veterinary Services revealed the presence of Hyalomma dromedarii on camels and H. anatolicum excavatum, H. detritum detritum and H. marginatum marginatum on cattle, sheep and goats. A single specimen of Rhipicephalus senegalensis was found on sheep.
Antigen production
A total of 5 batches of dourine antigen was produced (69 vials of one ml/vial) for serology department plus 2 batches for immunisation of a horse donated by ERA. The serum of this horse is used as positive control.
20
Serology Department Table 19: Consignments and total number of sera tested
Species Consignments Sera
2015 2016 2017 2015 2016 2017
Equine 3,264 3,528 3,291 12,012 11,945 10,801
Camel 1,062 774 727 11,520 8,289 8,099
Avian 143 133 157 342 280 217
Caprine/Ovine 62 106 62 618 1082 591
Bovine 29 40 43 210 132 348
Others 155 193 389 475 267 498
Total 4,715 4,774 4,669 25,177 21,995 20,554
Fig. 2: Total number of equine sera tested since 1997
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
1,076
2,490
3,1242,835
3,5674,276
5,383
7,8098,563
9,880
9,0709,1109,859
15,67715,218
9,78710,415
12,26512,012 11,945
10,801
To
tal
no
Year
21
Fig. 3: Percentage of equine samples tested at CVRL for Notifiable Diseases from different countries /Emirates
Others*: Hong Kong, Syria, Egypt, etc.
Fig. 4: Number of samples tested for African Horse Sickness (AHS) by
competitive ELISA
Disease Total Positive Negative
AHS 4,179 78* 4,101
* vaccinated animals
46.0%
11.5%
10.5%
8.3%
6.2%
6.2%
6.0%
2.2%1.0%
2.1%
Dubai
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Sharjah
Bahrain
Kuwait
Abudhabi
Oman
Jordan
Others*
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
604
1,413
2,1312,0872,374
2,9553,1233,181
4,0064,3164,215
4,488
4,928
4,421
3,650
4,605
4,256
4,7374,460
4,825
4,179
Samples
Year
22
Fig. 5: Number of samples tested for Equine Infectious Anaemia (EIA) by Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (Coggins)
Disease Total Positive Negative
EIA 7,800 0 7,800
Fig. 6: Number of samples tested for Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) by Virus
Neutralisation Test (VNT)
Disease Total Positive Negative
EVA 1,575 8* 1,567
* Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt (vaccinated and non‐vaccinated)
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
481
1,3451,750
2,5122,838
3,3313,905
3,9854,682
5,8625,647
6,5566,875
6,587
5,731
6,9257,502
8,5258,431
7,7587,800
Samples
Year
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
215 251
520582
1,3731,477
1,2271,222
1,447
1,1511,176
1,252
1,186
1,481
1,108
1,388
1,5761,553
1,7381,621 1,575
Samples
Year
23
Fig. 7: Number of samples tested for Dourine by Complement Fixation Test (CFT)
Disease Total Positive Negative
Dourine 6,393 2* 6,391
* Cross reaction Fig. 8: Number of samples tested for Glanders by Complement Fixation
Test (CFT)
Disease Total Positive Negative Cross‐reaction (CFT)
Glanders 7,310 0 7,305 5*
* All samples were tested negative with CVRL cELISA for Glanders.
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
206
1,1001,508
2,0412,119
2,714
2,108
3,157
4,094
4,874
4,118
4,827
6,1165,581
4,802
5,631
6,242
7,0386,909
6,382 6,393
Samples
Year
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
*2010
*2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
1751,068
1,5482,0672,128
2,7113,119
3,5094,265
5,706
4,1654,841
6,458
12,53811,808
5,676
6,652
7,8997,6517,849
7,310
Samples
Year
24
Table 20: Number of samples tested for Strangles (Antigen A and C) by ELISA
Year Strangles ELISA
Total Pos. Neg. Dubious
2016 Antigen A 2,951 221 (7.5%) 2,283 94
Antigen C 2,951 79 (2.7%) 2,444 75
2017 Antigen A 4,099 128 (3.1%) 3,926 45
Antigen C 4,099 93 (2.3%) 3,976 30
Table 21: Results of Equine Herpes virus antibody ELISA
Year
Equine herpes virus ELISA (EHV 1 & EHV 4 Ab ELISA)
EHV 1 EHV4
Total Pos Neg Dubious Total Pos Neg Dubious
2014 20 2* 17 1 19 16* 2 1
2015 76 9* 63 4 58 56* 2 0
2016 46 0 46 0 18 14* 4 0
2017 41 7* 34 0 41 39* 2 0
* Routine samples with unknown vaccination history
Table 22: Results of equine sera tested for Piroplasmosis ELISA
Parasite Year Total Pos Neg Dubious
T.equi 2016 287 50 (17.4%) 237 0
2017 212 20 (9.4%) 192 0
B.caballi 2016 287 4 (1.4%) 283 0
2017 212 4 (1.9%) 208 0
Table 23: Results of Trypanosoma evansi tests in equines
Year Surra Ab ELISA*
Total Pos Neg Dubious
2014 21 0 21 0
2015 24 0 24 0
2016 393** 0 393 0
2017 140** 0 140 0
* Test requested for pre‐export samples from the UAE to Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan and Australia
** Mostly OIE Turkmenistan survey
25
Table 24: Results of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) by Western Blot method
Year
EPM by Western Blot method
Sarcocystis neurona Neospora hughesi
Total Pos Neg Dubious Total Pos Neg
2013 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
2014 6 0 6 0 6 0 6
2015 10 0 9 1 10 1 9
2016 6 0 5 1 2 0 2
2017 3 0 3 0 1 0 1
Test kit for detection of Glanders in Equids The LilliTest Glanders cElisa test kit for diagnosis of Glanders has been developed and produced at CVRL, UAE (OIE Reference Lab for Glanders) and is being globally marketed by Lillidale Diagnostics. Glanders is a highly contagious disease of equids caused by the Gram‐negative bacterium Burkholderia mallei. The organism is obligatory aerobic, nonspore forming and nonmotile. The disease is currently confined to some areas of Asia, the Middle East, Africa and South America. The disease is characterized by nodules and ulcers in the skin, and by conchal and lung granulomas. Both acute (especially in donkeys) and chronic (especially in horses) forms of the disease occur. No vaccines are currently available against this disease. Glanders is a potential zoonosis and a notifiable disease. Ordering information: LilliTest Glanders cElisa, 2 plates + reagents sufficient for 80 tests, Cat#VE‐3001 Lillidale Diagnostics is a Trading Name of Lillidale Ltd. Badbury View, Bothenwood, Wimborne, Dorset, BH21 4HU England Tel +44 (0)1202 848456 Fax +44 (0)1202 848570 www.lillidlae.co.uk Email: [email protected]
26
Fig. 9: Results of Trypanosoma evansi antibody ELISA in camels over 22 years
CAMEL
Year Trypanosoma evansi
Total Pos % Neg Suspect
1995 1,481 207 14.0 1,274 ‐
1996 1,761 145 8.2 1,616 ‐
1997 2,474 182 7.4 2,292 ‐
1998 3,147 168 5.6 2,979 ‐
1999 2,500 64 2.5 2,436 ‐
2000 2,280 20 0.8 2,260 ‐
2001 2,521 46 1.8 2,475 ‐
2002 2,089 91 4.3 1,998 ‐
2003 1,951 76 3.8 1,875 ‐
2004 1,616 79 4.8 1,537 ‐
2005 826 69 8.4 729 28
2006 1,970 75 3.8 1,880 15
2007 1,447 34 2.3 1,403 10
2008 1,156 30 2.6 1,114 12
2009 2,720 101 3.7 2,541 78
2010 175 4 2.3 169 2
2011 54 0 0 53 1
2012 138 30* 21.7 104 4
2013 878 82* 9.3 629 131
2014 141 7* 5.0 128 6
2015 83 11* 13.3 70 2
2016 124 9* 9.0 110 5
2017 75 6* 8.0 69 ‐ * Mainly imported camels
0
5
10
15
20
25
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
*2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
% Result
Year
Pos%
27
Table 25a: Serological results of camel brucellosis (RBT)
Year Brucellosis
Rose Bengal Test (RBT)
Total Pos Neg Dub.
2011 3,855 211 (5.7%) 3,644 ‐
2012 7,764 882 (11.4%) 6,879 3
2013 6,532 274 (4.2%) 6,257 1
2014 6,753 138 (2.0%) 6,614 1
2015 9,759 55 (0.6%) 9,704 0
2016 7,730 706 (9.1%) 7,001 23
2017 5,887 1,220 (20.7%) 4,665 2
Table 25b: Serological results of camel brucellosis (CFT)
Year Brucellosis
(CFT)
Total Pos Neg Dub.
2015 1,839 9 (0.5%) 1,828 2
2016 324 142 (43.8%) 170 12
2017 2,153 480 (22.3%) 1,641 32
Table 25c: Serological results of brucellosis in other species
Year
RBT (Brucellosis)
Sheep/Goat (Bovine, Deer, Black Buck, Oryx, Ibex,
Gazelle, Gerenuk, Human)
Total Pos Neg Total Pos Neg
2011 27 0 27 273 66* 207
2012 2,805 153 2,652 248 26 222
2013 107 7 100 130 2 128
2014 149 0 149 311 27* 284
2015 533 1 532 429 0 429
2016 480 1 479 116 28* 88
2017 496 4 492 181 22* 159
* Mostly Bovine and Gazelle
28
Table 26: Serological results of MERS‐CoV (ELISA)
Year
MERS‐CoV (ELISA)
Camel Human
Total Pos Neg Dub. Total Pos Neg
2015 404 386 (95.5%) 18 ‐ 291 3 288
2016 40 37 (92.5%) 3 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
2017 115 74 (64.3%) 38 3 ‐ ‐ ‐
Table 27: Serological tests done on other species
Year
Q‐Fever ELISA (Coxiella burnetii)
Johne’s Disease ELISA (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis)
Oryx, Addax, Gazelle, Goat Goat, Sheep, Oryx, Gazelle
Total Pos Neg Dub. Total Pos Neg Dub.
2014 47 0 47 0 81 20 61 0
2015 15 6 9 0 26 2 24 0
2016 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 67 3 63 1
2017 148 54 92 2 171 13 158 0
Year Goat, Sheep, Oryx, Gazelle
Test Total Pos Neg
2016 FMD NS ELISA* 929 58 (6.2%) 871
FMD Liquid Phase ELISA** 11 8 3
2017 FMD NS ELISA* 465 116 (24.9%) 349
FMD Liquid Phase ELISA** ‐ ‐ ‐
* detects antibodies against field virus ** detects antibodies against vaccine strain
29
Table 28: Serological tests done on falcons and other avian species
Year Mycoplasma Antibody ELISA
Total Species Pos Neg Dub.
2014 1 M. gallisepticum 1 0 0
M. synoviae 1 0 0
2015 11 M. gallisepticum 0 11 0
M. synoviae 1 10 0
2016 20 M. gallisepticum 0 20 0
M. synoviae 4 16 0
2017 10 M. gallisepticum 4 5 1
M. synoviae 10 0 0
Year Newcastle Disease Antibody ELISA
Avian Leukosis virus Antigen detection ELISA
Total Pos Neg Dubious Total Pos Neg
2012 234 163* 64 7 ‐ ‐ ‐
2013 120 59* 54 7 6 1 5
2014 219 124* 87 8 ‐ ‐ ‐
2015 123 62* 58 3 30 28 2
2016 49 29* 20 0 20 0 20
2017 29 20* 5 4 10 0 10
*Also vaccinated
30
Virology Department
Table 29: Consignment and specimens as well as virus isolation from different animal species
Species Consignments Specimens
2016 2017 2016 2017
Camel 184 110 552 241
Equine 163 178 600 499
Avian Falcon 48 103 267 656
Others* 185 386 1,257 2,306
Other mammals 281 456 388 582
Human 5 4 5 5
TOTAL 866 1,237 3,069 4,289
*Houbara Bustard, Patridge, Owl, Quail, Pigeon etc
Table 30a: List of virus isolated from different animal species
Species Virus Number of isolates
AVIAN
Falcon Avian Influenza Virus 7
Newcastle Disease Virus 7
Herpes virus 9
Non haemagglutinating virus 1
Pigeon Avian Influenza Virus 7
Newcastle Disease Virus 6
Herpes virus 41
Pigeonpox Virus 1
Houbara Newcastle Disease Virus 6
Houbarapox Virus 19
Quail Avian Influenza Virus 1
Newcastle Disease Virus 1
Non haemagglutinating virus 1
Chicken Avian Influenza Virus 8
Newcastle Disease Virus 3
Turkey Avian Influenza Virus 1
Partridge Avian Influenza Virus 1
31
Non haemagglutinating virus 4
Duck Avian Influenza Virus 4
Owl Newcastle Disease Virus 1
Sandgrouse Avian Influenza Virus 1
Turaco Avian Influenza Virus 1
Newcastle Disease Virus 1
Other Species
Camel Camelpox Virus 2
MERS CoV 3
Orf virus 2
Gazelle Peste des Petits Ruminants 2
Sheep Sheep pox Virus 1
Human Influenza A Virus 1
Table 30b: List of Avian Influenza Virus isolates from different avian species
Species Number of Birds Strains
Falcon 7 H5N1
Pigeon 7 H5N8
Quail 1 H9N2
Chicken 8 H9N2 and H5N1
Turkey 1 H5N1
Partridge 1 H5N8
Sandgrouse 1 H5N8
Turaco 1 H9N2
32
Table 31: Influenza A antigen detection by Rapid Chromatographic
Immunoassay (Directigen)
Table 31a: Equine results
Year
Equine Influenza ELISA
Consignments Samples Positive Negative
2009 15 32 0 32
2010 16 40 0 40
2011 9 18 0 18
2012 50 407 3* 404
2013 65 421 1 420
2014 80 650 0 650
2015 74 652 1** 651
2016 64 427 0 427
2017 56 323 0 323
* Horses from Uruguay kept in UAE quarantine, H3N8 Florida Clade 1 ** Identified as H3N8
Table 31b: Avian results
Year Avian Influenza ELISA
Samples Positive Negative
2009 79 2 (2.5%) 77
2010 9 0 9
2011 31 0 31
2012 39 0 39
2013 43 1 (2.3%) 43
2014 194 32 (16.5%) 162
2015 352 58 (16.5%) 294
2016 269 85 (31.6%) 184
2017 274 27 (9.0%) 247
33
Table 32: Results of samples tested for Equine Piroplasmosis IFAT
Parasite Year Total Positive Negative Dubious
T.equi
2017 138 28 (20.3%) 110 0
2016 294 90 (30.6%) 204 0
2015 269 53 (19.7%) 216 0
B.caballi
2017 138 4 (2.9%) 134 0
2016 294 12 (4.1%) 281 1
2015 269 21 (7.8%) 248 0
Table 33: Results of IFAT testing for exporting pet animals
Year Test Species Samples Positive Negative
2016
Leishmania infantum Canine 22 0 22
Babesia gibsoni Canine 7 0 7
Feline 1 0 1
Ehrlichia canis Canine 21 7 (33.3%) 14
Feline 1 0 1
2017
Leishmania infantum Canine 58 0 58
Babesia gibsoni Canine 38 0 38
Ehrlichia canis Canine 94 35 (37.2%) 59
Brucella canis Canine 29 0 29
Table 34: Avian Influenza Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) results
Year HI for Avian Influenza (H5, H7 and H9N2)
Samples Positive Negative
2013 30 0 30
2014 38 4 (H9N2) (10.5%) 34
2015 103 390 (37.9%) 64
2016 52 11 (21.2%) 41
2017 67 23 (34.3%) 44
34
Table 35: Newcastle disease‐ Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) results
Year Samples Positive Negative
2015 16 15 (93.8%) 1
2016 68 56 (82.4%) 12
2017 26 13 (50.0%) 13
Table 36: Immunocapture ELISA for Peste des petits ruminants (PPR)
Year Species Samples Positive (PPR) Negative
2015
Gazelle 2 1 1
Sheep 2 1 1
Impala 1 1 0
Total 5 3 2
2016
Gazelle 3 2 1
Deer 1 0 1
Goat 2 0 2
Ovine 1 0 1
Total 7 2 5
2017 Gazelle 3 2 1
Total 3 2 1
Table 37: Immuno Fluorescence Test (IFT) results for year 2017
Virus Samples Neg. Positive
Count Species
Rabies 8 8 0 ‐
Equine Herpes Virus (EHV) 8 8 0 ‐
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) 7 7 0 ‐
Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) 3 2 1 Canine
35
Table 38: Results of other Virus Neutralisation Test (VNT)
Virus Year Species Samples Positive Negative
Vesicular Stomatitis
Virus (VNT)
2015 Equine 1 0 1
2016 Equine 1 0 1
2017 Equine 7 0 7
Rhinitis A Virus (VNT)
2015 Donkey 81 48* 33
2016 Camel 11 6 5
2017 Equine 1 1 0
* The Donkey Sanctuary, Ethiopia
Table 39: Results of Isothermal genome amplification (Genie II) for MERS‐CoV
Year Species Samples Positive Negative
2015 Camel 161 11 150
2016 Camel 16 1 15
2017 Camel 1 0 1
Human 1 0 1
Table 40: Rabies antibody testing by Fluorescent Antibody Virus
Neutralization (FAVN) test
Year Species Total Titre value (IU/ml)
<0.5 >=0.5*
2016
Canine 98 9 89
Feline 56 5 51
Total 154 14 (9.1%) 140
2017
Canine 179 11 168
Feline 164 6 158
Equine 8 8 0
Hyena 4 2 2
Total 355 27 (7.6%) 328
* A test titre of 0.5 lU/ml or above indicates that the animal has an acceptable rabies antibody level.
36
Vaccines (Viral and Bacterial)
Over the years, CVRL has been very successful in producing vaccines to protect the avian
population against Falconpox and Houbarapox, and the camel population against
Camelpox.These vaccines have been distributed locally within the UAE on demand. CVRL has
also equipped a new vaccine unit for manufacturing these vaccines.
Since 2010, CVRL has been producing A α‐toxin camel
hyperimmune immunoglobulin (Ducabulin) as an active treatment for camels suffering from
A enterotoxaemia. This hyperimmune immunoglobulin solution
is used as a prophylaxis as well as therapy against A α‐toxin
enterotoxaemia, and also boosts the camel’s immunity.
All of these vaccines (Falconpox, Houbarapox, Ducapox and African Horse Sickness), along
with Ducabulin, have now been approved and registered with the UAE Ministry of Health
and with the UAE Ministry of Climate Change and Environment thereby authorizing CVRL to
distribute them across the whole of the Middle East and East Africa.
Over the last 5 years, around 22,900 doses of Falconpox, 9,872 doses of Houbarapox and 14,296 doses of Ducapox vaccines have been distributed throughout the Middle East on demand.
Table 41: Vaccine Distribution for year 2017
Vaccine Quantity
Avian paramyxovirus type 1(APMV‐1) inactivated vaccine (DuPa) 905 Doses
Falconpox vaccine (attenuated) 4,110 Doses
Houbarapox vaccine (attenuated) 2,472 Doses
Camelpox vaccine (Ducapox) (attenuated) 1,860 Doses
AHS inactivated vaccine for Kenya 800 Doses
Papillomavirus vaccine 8 Doses
Clostridium perfringens A α‐toxin camel hyperimmune globulin (Ducabulin)
340 Bags
Caseous lymphadenitis – CLA (Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis) vaccine
268 Doses
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius vaccine 2 Doses
AVIN 5 (Avian Influenza H5N1 inactivated vaccine) 344 Doses
37
Camelid Antibody Facility Unit
Dromedaries were immunized with Clostridium perfringens A α‐toxoid and camelid hyperimmune plasma was collected. Subsequent processing of plasma yielded purified camelid IgG. The purified IgGs were then further concentrated to 5g/L and filled in 100ml sterile transfer bags. The price of DUCABULIN (Cl. perfringens A α toxin camel hyperimmune globulin) can be found under “Services” in CVRL website www.cvrl.ae. This product is highly purified and consists of pure immunoglobulins which also boosters the animal’s immunity. Another advantage of this product is that it is derived from bacterial strains isolated from camels in the UAE. In 2017, 340 bags of 100ml DUCABULIN were sold.
Product Label
Advantages of camelid antibodies
They are much smaller than conventional antibodies, hence named Nanobodies (10 times smaller than conventional antibodies). They penetrate into any tissue much faster, easier and deeper due to their size.
Nanobodies can even penetrate the brain‐blood‐barrier
Nanobodies are heat resistant
Nanobodies bind forcefully with their antigen
38
Pathology Department Since January 2017 we are using the new PM‐room with much greater capacity, which was desperately needed, due to the ever increasing numbers of necropsies:
After just 1 year of construction we can now properly handle adult giraffe (because the crane is 6 m high) as well as elephants (because the 2 cranes can lift 3 ton each). The new Post‐mortem hall is large enough to keep up to 4 large animals simultaneously and we can accommodate at least 2 large animals in the 2 cool‐rooms. In September 2017 CVRL took over the new post‐mortem truck: Mercedes Actros 4040, 6x6:
We can now pick up carcasses of any large species like giraffe (because the crane can lift 1 ton at 10 m distance) as well as any heavy species like elephants (because the hook‐system can lift up to 16t) from any area. Very large and heavy animals like elephants can be pulled by a powerful winch into the Open Top Container, which is fluid proof sealed! Hence, no spillage of any fluid can happen during transport.
39
Table 42: Number and species of animals received for necropsy Species 2015 2016 2017
Camel (adult) 122 104 143
Camel fetus/calf 222 (41/181) 172 (52/120) 127 (27/100)
Equine (adult) 66 77 68
Canine/ Feline 48 (23/25) 43 (26/17) 59 (41/18)
Equine fetus/foal 25 (5/20) 24 (9/15) 52 (22/30)
Antilope/Oryx/Deer 18 32 45
Ovine/caprine 36 (14/22) 42 40 (22/18)
Gazelle 22 32 40
Other mammals 4 7 36
Large feline/Cheetah 17 (11/6) 13 (4/9) 31 (18/13)
Rabbit / Guinea pig 5 11 17 (8/9)
Marmoset/ other Monkey 8 4 15 (8/7)
Bovine 10 9 11
Mice / Rat 5 7 8
Giraffe 4 9 3
Fox 3 5 2
Marine mammals 3 4 1
Total mammals 618 594 657AVIAN:
Chicken 133 60 252
Quail 205 225 163
Houbara bustard 92 164 102
Pigeon/Dove 93 106 72
Falcon 65 41 55
Other Birds 10 6 41
Parrot 9 6 29
Waterfowl 6 55 21
Francolin/Partridge 12 11 15
Pheasant 10 9 14
Ostrich/Rhea/Emu 5 3 13
Stone Curlew 28 7 11
Owl 4 7 8
Cormorant 1 2 7
Flamingo 3 1 6
other bustards 14 27 4
Total avian 690 730 787 Reptiles 12 11 73
Fish 2 42 55
Grand Total 1318 1377 1543
40
Table 43 a: Main diagnosis of dissected mammals
Species Diagnosis 2016 2017
Horse (adult) Fracture/Trauma 10 31
Torsio coli/ Volvolus 8 29
Peritonitis after GIT‐rupture 10 16
Internal/Lung bleeding 7 12
Heart failure/ exert. myopathy 4 10
Laminitis 4 9
Pneumonia 5 5
Salmonellosis 5 3
Tumor 5 2
Sand‐colic 3 2
Strangles 2 ‐
Foal Rhodococcus/Pneumonia 4 9
Cryptosporidia‐enteritis 4 3
Camel (adult) Clostridiosis 15 20
HD 2 18
Salmonellosis 10 17
Rumen‐Acidosis/Overload 9 17
Brucellosis 5 15
Ascites due to Liver‐dystrophy 14 14
Pulmonary Leucosis (SACL) 13 10
Coccidiosis 5 8
Foot‐cancer/other tumor 11 5
Ruptured Muscle (M. gracilis) 2 5
Pneumonia 2 5
Dystocia 4 3
Mastitis 3 3
Abscesses/CLA 2 3
Peritonitis 1 2
Encephalitis 3 2
Pox 1 1
Algae‐infection (Prototheca spp.) ‐ 1
Camel calves Septicaemia (E. coli) 28 24
White muscle disease 19 24
Clostridiosis 16 13
Colon impaction/faecolith 6 13
Salmonellosis 8 12
Pneumonia 8 10
Cystisospora‐colitis 5 10
MERS‐infection/no disease 8 2
Perforated stomach ulcer 7 2
41
Table 43 b: Main diagnosis of dissected avian
Species Diagnosis 2016 2017
Falcon Clostridiosis 8 12
Aspergillosis 8 9
Endoparasites 5 8
Influenza 10 6
Gout due to amyloidosis 9 6
Salmonellosis 2 6
Herpesvirus‐hepatitis 3 4
Trauma 3 3
Amyloidosis 3 2
Septicaemia 2 2
Mycobacteriosis/avian Tb 7 1
Newcastle Disease (ND) 3 1
Pox 1 1
Houbara bustard Clostridiosis 2 18
Pox 3 10
Aspergillosis 3 10
Airsacculitis/pneumonia 20 9
Trauma 8 9
Endoparasites 24 8
Newcastle Disease (ND) 1 6
Septicaemia 7 6
Gastric foreign body 4 5
Salmonellosis 3 4
Gout 3 3
Influenza 15 0
Diagnosis: Other species:
Avian Influenza Stone Curlew, Waterfowl, Quail
Chicken, Owl, Pigeon
Newcastle Disease
Chicken, Sand grouse, Pigeon
Avian TB Crane, Duck, Toucan, Pheasant
42
Table 44: Samples for Histopathology/Cytology
Species 2015 2016 2017
Mammals
Canine tissue 66 109 73
Equine tissue 83 56 32
Feline tissue 26 37 31
Uterine biopsy 2 41 27
Smear 15 22 23
Camelid tissue 18 22 14
Tracheal wash, equine 4 20 9
Goat/Sheep/Cattle tissue 43 2 8
Gazelle/Antelope tissue 22 6 7
Large feline tissue 7 ‐ 6
Urine samples 30 17 5
Skin‐biopsy 1 5 4
Dolphin sample 13 136 3
Synovial fluid 22 12 2
Tissue of other mammals 9 8 2
Pleural/Abdominal fluid 7 1 1
Total mammal tissue 342 494 247 Avian
Falcon biopsy/tissue 66 68 15
Chicken tissue 33 2 6
Houbara/Bustards tissue 2 6 6
Other avian tissue 7 5 5
Partridge tissue 2 ‐ 2
Pigeon tissue 5 ‐ 2
Parrot tissue 1 ‐ 1
Stone Curlew tissue 1 2 1
Waterfowl tissue 1 7 ‐
Total avian tissue 139 90 37 Reptile tissue 6 3 4
Fish tissue 1 1 5
Honey for pollen analysis 106 54 29
Plants for pollen analysis 4 4 2
Insects for histology 4 10 10
Total other samples 121 72 50
Grand Total 592 656 334
43
Table 45: Incineration/Cremation
Species 2014 2015 2016 2017
Equine 108 141 137 137
Feline (batch) 414 410 520 456
Canine (batch) 396 474 404 779
Pet (individual) 173 214 226 299
Total 1,091 1,239 1,287 1,671
Table 46: Histology/Cytology: number of blocks and slides
2014 2015 2016 2017
Paraffin‐blocks 7,500 8,500 9,200 10,300
Histology‐slides 9,500 10,700 11,800 13,700
Cytology‐slides 195 225 256 187
IFT – slides 255 225 215 236
44
Taxidermy department
After our first year in the new facilities we are always happy to work in this new and spacious
environment. There are some parts and areas that still require minor work but we are confident
to have everything running smoothly in 2018.
In 2017 we finished one of our biggest projects focusing on biological museum models. The last
shipment to the Souq Waqif Falcon Hospital was send in June and the first part of the museum
exhibition opened successfully.
The exhibition includes a variety of showcases, mostly with morphological and anatomical models
related to falcon and raptor medicine. Other displays focus on their ecology, biology and use in
traditional and modern falconry.
World maps with falcon distribution areas for various species
Gyrfalcon back, Peregrine falcon front and Saker falcon back feather
45
Leatherback sea turtle, Dermochelys coriacea
Earlier, in January 2017 a leatherback sea turtle was spotted by a research team in waters of
Fujairah. Unfortunately, the animal was dead and could only be recovered with early signs of
decomposition.
The female specimen, 136 cm long and weighing 115kg is the first record of this species in the
region. Usually classified as vulnerable, Leatherbacks are a species with a cosmopolitan global
range but are rarely seen in the Arabian Gulf.
Respiratory system and falcon skeleton
46
We recorded all necessary and valuable data and will now carefully macerate the skeleton and try
to preserve the soft, boneless carapace with its few osteoderms as good as possible.
Eventually, the skeleton will go back to the Al Mayya Sanctuary in Fujairah were it will be put on
display.
The rest of the year we had to commit a big share of our time to macerating and articulating various
skeletons. Many of them, mostly critically endangered species, will go back to museums to be used
for future reference and research. The biggest and most labor mount was a dromedary camel
skeleton, recently delivered to the Advanced Scientific Group in Abu Dhabi.
Leatherback sea turtle, entangled in waste
Dromedary camel skeleton
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Table 47: Animals kept in storage for taxidermy in 2017
Species Scientific classification No of animals
Mammals
African lion Panthera leo 4
Tiger Panthera tigris 3
Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus 7
North‐ Chinese leopard Panthera pardus orientalis 1
Persian leopard Panthera pardus tulliana 2
Clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa 1
Cat (Domestic) Felis silvestris catus 3
European wolf Canis lupus 1
Arabian wolf Canis lupus arabs 1
Dog (domestic) Canis familiaris 1
Blandford’s fox Vulpes cana 1
Common eland Taurotragus oryx 1
Mountain gazelle Gazella gazella 6
Sand gazelle Gazella leptoceros 6
Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx 1
Wildebeest Connochaetes sp. 1
Impala Aepyceros melampus 1
Dik‐dik Madoqua sp. 1
Arabian thar Arabitragus jayakari 1
Himalayan thar Hemitragus jemlahicus 6
Mouflon Ovis orientalis orientalis 1
Armenian Mouflon Ovis orientalis gmelini 2
Laristan Mouflon Ovis orientalis laristanica 1
Nubian ibex Capra nubiana 1
Crested porcupine Hystrix cristata 4
Cape hare Lepus capensis 1
Desert hedgehog Paraechinus aethiopicus 1
Sugar glider Petaurus breviceps 1
Alpaca Vicugna pacos 1
Dromedary camel Camelus dromedarius 5
Giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis 1
Zebra Equus sp. 1
Pygmy hippopotamus Choeropsis liberiensis 1
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Common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius 1
Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus 1
Birds
Short‐ eared owl Asio flammeus 1
Barn owl Tyto alba 2
Pharaoh eagle‐ owl Bubo ascalaphus 4
Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus 2
Common kestrel Falco tinnunculus 1
Blue‐ and‐ yellow macaw Ara ararauna 2
Red‐ bellied macaw Orthopsittaca manilatus 1
Rose‐ ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri 1
Palm cockatoo Probosciger aterrimus 1
Galah Eolophus roseicapilla 1
Socotra cormorant Phalacrocorax nigrogularis 4
African spoonbill Platalea alba 1
Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus 1
Great egret Ardea alba 1
Goliath heron Ardea goliath 1
Greater flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus 1
Grey crowned crane Balearica regulorum 1
White‐ naped crane Antigone vipio 1
Demoiselle crane Grus virgo 2
Southern ground hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri 1
Narcondam hornbill Rhyticeros narcondami 1
African grey hornbill Lophoceros nasutus 1
Black‐ necked aracari Pteroglossus aracari 2
Temminck’s tragopan Tragopan temminckii 1
Blue eared pheasant Crossoptilon auritum 1
Golden pheasant Chrysolophus pictus 1
Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus 1
Vulturine guineafowl Acryllium vulturinum 1
Arabian partridge Alectoris melanocephala 1
Grey francolin Francolinus pondicerianus 1
Red‐ necked spurfowl Pternistis afer 2
King quail Excalfactoria chinensis 1
Domestic chicken Gallus gallus domesticus 2
Houbara bustard Chlamydotis undulata 2
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Ostrich Struthio camelus 1
Yellow‐ fronted canary Crithagra mozambica 1
Orange‐ breasted waxbill Amandava subflava 1
Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula 1
Eurasian hoopoe Upupa epops 1
Fire‐ tufted barbet Psilopogon pyrolophus 1
Long‐ billed crow Corvus validus 1
Star finch Neochmia ruficauda 1
Red fronted serin Serinus pusillus 2
Reptile
Leatherback sea turtle Dermochelys coriacea 1
Olive ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea 1
Sinai agama Pseudotrapelus sinaitus 1
Alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys temminckii 2
Tortoise Testudo sp. 1
Veiled chameleon Chamaeleo calyptratus 2
Kingsnake Lampropeltis sp. 1
Fish
Ocellate river stingray Potamotrygon motoro 1
Total 141
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Analytical Chemistry Department
Table 48: Total samples processed in Analytical Chemistry
Test Year
2015 2016 2017
Vit B1 4,624 2,243 2,090
Vit A 598 145 188
Vit E 1,164 729 1,109
Vit C 158 50 12
Copper 3,683 2,020 1,786
Zinc 418 148 357
Lead 2 1 1
Selenium 1,876 897 1,919
Tissue 73 29 59
Feed for minerals 44 48 49
Feed for heavy metals ‐ ‐ 59
Water analysis for anions and minerals 80 105 102
Food analysis for carbohydrates ‐ ‐ 70
Honey for hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)* ‐ ‐ 37
Total 12,720 6,415 7,838
*HMF: Test for adulteration of honey
Table 49: Result of vitamin B1 by HPLC analysis
Year
Vit B1
Deficient Normal Total No. of
samples
2012 1,145 (33.8%) 2,246 (66.2%) 3,391
2013 1,283 (32.0%) 2,727 (68.0%) 4,010
2014 1,720 (30.9%) 3,853 (69.1%) 5,573
2015 1,158 (25.0%) 3,466 (75.0%) 4,624
2016 530 (23.6%) 1,713 (76.4%) 2,243
2017 258 (12.3%) 1,832 (87.7%) 2,090
Deficient: <0.1µmol/l (SI Units)
51
Table 50: Trace elements with the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS)
Species Specimen
Type
Tests
Copper Zinc Lead Selenium
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2016
Camel Serum/ Whole blood
1,849 1,357 41 88 ‐ ‐ 724 1,356
Horse 64 253 56 143 ‐ ‐ 103 450
Others 106 176 51 126 1 1 69 113
Total 2,020 1,786 148 357 1 1 897 1,919
Tissue Copper Zinc Lead Iron
Liver 29 59 ‐ 9 ‐ 3 ‐ 1
Total 29 59 ‐ 9 ‐ 3 ‐ 1
Table 51: Reference values of different parameters
Parameters Reference Range (SI Units) μmol/L
Camel Equine Falcon
Vit B1 0.1 – 0.2
Vit A 0.5 – 1.5 0.4 – 1.2
Vit E 3.0 – 7.0 2.5 – 10.0
Vit C 17.0 – 34.0 24.0 – 36.0
Cu 9.0 – 14.0 19.0 – 21.0
Zn 6.0 – 10.0 14.0 – 29.0
Se 1.5 – 2.6 1.5 – 2.5
Pb <1.9
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Table 52a: Feed samples analysed for minerals
Minerals No. of samples
2016 2017
Calcium (Ca) 48 47
Magnesium (Mg) 42 45
Sodium (Na) 44 42
Potassium (K) 42 39
Iron (Fe) 42 41
Manganese (Mn) 42 47
Copper (Cu) 41 48
Zinc (Zn) 42 45
Phosphorus (P) 44 45
Selenium (Se) 42 49
Total 48 49
Table 52b: Feed samples analysed for heavy metals
Minerals No. of samples
2017
Lead 59
Chromium 59
Cobalt 59
Cadmium 59
Total 59
Table 53: Water analysis for anions and minerals
Year No of Samples
2013 20
2014 60
2015 80
2016 105
2017 102
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Table 54: Food analysis for carbohydrates, Water content & HMF in 2017
Samples Moisture content
Fructose Glucose Sucrose HMF*
Chocolate ‐ 1 1 1 ‐
Dates ‐ 16 16 13 ‐
Honey 70 40 40 40 37
Jam ‐ 1 1 1 ‐
Total 70 58 58 55 37
* Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) – Test for adulteration of honey
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OIE Reference Laboratory for Glanders and Camelpox In 2009 June, OIE confirmed the designation of the CVRL as a new OIE Reference Laboratory for Glanders and Camelpox with Prof. U. Wernery as the designated OIE Reference Expert. MOCCAE has approved that CVRL also becomes an OIE acknowledged laboratory for Brucellosis.
Publications: 1. Adams, R., R.J. Burnley, C.R. Valenzano, O. Qureshi, C. Doyle, S. Lumb, M.D.C.
Lopez, R. Griffin, D. McMillan, R.D. Taylor, C. Meier, P. Mori, L.M. Griffin, U. Wernery, J. Kinne, S. Rapeck, T.S. Baker, A.D.G. Lawson, M. Wright and A. Ettorre (2017) Discovery of a junctional epitope antibody that stabilizesIL‐6 and gp80 protein: protein interaction and modulates its downstream signaling. Scientific Reports [7:37716] DOI: 10.1038/srep37716
2. Wernery, U., S.K.P. Lau and P.C.Y. Woo (2017)
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus and dromedaries. The Veterinary Journal 220, 75‐79
3. Woo, P.C.Y., S.K.P. Lau, H. Tsoi, N.G. Patteril, H.C. Yeung, S. Joseph, E.Y.M. Wong, R. Muhammed, F.W.N. Chow, U. Wernery and K.Y. Yuen (2017) Two novel dromedary camel bocaparvoviruses from dromedaries in the Middle East with unique genomic features. Journal of General Virology 98, 1349‐1359
4. Wernery, U., M. Gyuranecz, J. Kinne, R. Raghavan, G. Syriac, B. Johnson, Z.
Kreizinger. B. Dénes, O. Felde, T. Magyar, Sh. Jose, S. Raja. J. John and R. Wernery (2017) Laboratory investigations after eye drop immunization of dromedaries with live attenuated Brucella melitensis Rev 1 vaccine.
Journal of Camel Practice and Research 24(1), 9‐14 5. Khan, F., R. Khawar, Z. Ansari, G. Syriac, N. Muttathpaily, R. Raghavan, J.
Christopher and U. Wernery (2017) Comparative performance study of four different serological tests for the diagnosis of dromedary brucellosis.
Journal of Camel Practice and Research 23(2), 213‐217 6. Schuster, R.K. and V.V. Shimalov (2017)
A comparative study of helminths of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procynoides) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) sharing the same territory.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 7(12), 705‐711
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7. Poon, R.W.S., E.W.T. Tam, S.K.P. Lau, V.C.C. Cheng, K.Y. Yuen, R.K. Schuster and P.C.Y. Woo (2017) Molecular identification of cestodes and nematodes by coxI gene real‐time PCR and sequencing.
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 89, 185‐190 8. Kinne, J., M. Joseph, U. Wernery, N. Nogradi and F. Hagen (2017)
Disseminated Cryptococcus deuterogatti (AFLP6/VGII) infection in an Arabian horse from Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Revista Iberoamericana de Micología 34(4), 229‐232 9. Schuster, R.K., J. Kinne, S. Sivakumar, P. Nagy, J. Juhaz and A. Ismail (2017)
Camel calf coccidiosis due to Cystoisospora orlovi. Poster presentation at the International Conference: The Belt and Road: Camel Science, Industry and Culture, September 22‐26, West Alxa, Inner Mongolia, China, 109‐110.
10. Schuster, R.K. and S. Sivakumar (2017)
Important ectoparasites of Old World camels. Oral presentation at the International Conference: The Belt and Road: Camel Science, Industry and Culture, September 22‐26, West Alxa, Inner Mongolia, China, 110‐111.
11. Wernery, U. (2017)
Serological survey, an important tool for disease status of a zone or a country. The camel example. Oral presentation at the International Conference: The Belt and Road: Camel Science, Industry and Culture, September 22‐26, West Alxa, Inner Mongolia, China.
12. Wernery, U. and J. Kinne (2017)
Diagnosis of camel diseases – a pictorial guide Oral presentation at the International Conference: The Belt and Road: Camel Science, Industry and Culture, September 22‐26, West Alxa, Inner Mongolia, China.
13. Kinne, J., M. Joseph, S. Sivakumar, R.K. Schuster and U. Wernery (2017)
Ignatzschineria indica isolated from dromedary camel foot‐cancer lesions with dermal myiasis – cause or secondary infection? Poster presentation at the International Conference: The Belt and Road: Camel Science, Industry and Culture, September 22‐26, West Alxa, Inner Mongolia, China, 112‐113.
14. Schuster, R.K. (2017)
Preimaginal mortality of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscisae) due to Habronema muscae (Nematoda: Habronematidae).
Helminthologia 54(3), 225‐230
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15. Schuster, R.K. and S. Sivakumar (2017) The larval development of Habronema muscae (Nematoda: Habronematidae) affects its intermediate host, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae).
Parasitology Research 16(2), 503‐509 16. Wernery, U., C. Liu, J. Kinne, R. Wernery and A. Ridha (2016)
System and method for establishing a long‐term culture of avian primordial germ cells and uses thereof. Patent: WO 2016091272 A1
17. Liu, C., I.K. Chang, K.A. Khazanehdari, S. Thomas, P. Varghese, V. Baskar, R.
Alkhatib, W. Li, J. Kinne and M.J. McGrew (2017) Uniparental chicken offsprings derived from oogenesis of chicken primordial germ cells (ZZ). Biol. Reprod. 96(3), 686‐69
18. Koch, K., S. Kalusche, J.L. Torres, R.L. Stanfield, W. Danquah, K. Khazanehdari, H.V. Briesen, E.R. Geertsma, I.A. Wilson, U. Wernery, F.K. Nolte, A.B. Ward and U. Dietrich (2017) Selection of nanobodies with broad neutralizing potential against primary HIV‐1 strains using soluble subtype C gp140 envelope trimers. Scientific Reports [7:8390] DOI: 10.1038/s41598‐017‐08273‐7
19. Wernery, U., N.K. Soellner, S. Joseph, P. Varghese, B. Johnson and J. Kinne (2017) Passive immunization against Brucella melitensis in dromedaries.
Journal of Camel Practice and Research 24(2), 1‐3 20. Schuster, R.K., S. Sivakumar, P. Nagy, J. Juhaz and A. Ismail (2017)
Cystoisospora orlovi (Eimeriorina: Sarcocystidae) – a little known coccidian of the Old World Camelids.
Journal of Camel Practice and Research 24(2), 117‐112 21. Schuster, R.K., J. Kinne, S. Sivakumar, P. Nagy, J. Juhaz, A. Ismail and M.P.O
Baumann (2017) The epidemiology physocephalosis in camel in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 24(3), 1‐5
Total no. of scientific papers published since the foundation of CVRL till 2017: 635 Conferences / meetings attended by CVRL staff: Dr. U. Wernery
September 22 – 26, 2017 1st Camel conference: “The Belt and Road: Camel Science, Industry and Culture” Alxa League, Inner Mongolia, China
‐ Serological survey, an important tool for disease status of a zone or a country. The camel example. (Oral)
‐ Diagnosis of camel disease – a pictorial guide (Oral)
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Dr. Jörg Kinne
March 3 – 5, 2017 60th Conference and 22nd Histological seminar of the German Veterinary Pathology Group. Fulda, Germany
Prof. R. Schuster
April 10, 2017 Symposium 1: Control of external parasites in animals – challenges and innovations, The Veterinary services, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, UAE
‐ The fauna of parasitic arthropods in the UAE (Oral presentation)
April 18, 2017 Symposium 2: Control of external parasites in animals – challenges and innovations, The Veterinary services, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, UAE
‐ Endoparasites of camels in the UAE (Oral presentation)
September 22 – 26, 2017 1st Camel conference: “The Belt and Road: Camel Science, Industry and Culture” Alxa League, Inner Mongolia, China
‐ Camel calf coccidiosis due to Cystoisospora orlovi. (Poster presentation) ‐ Ignatzschirina indica isolated from Dromedary camel foot cancer lesions with
dermal myiasis – cause or secondary infection? (Oral presentation)
Renate Wernery
June 13 – 14, 2017 9th Workshop for Rabies Budapest, Hungary
June 14 – 15, 2017 Rabies Serology meeting Budapest, Hungary
June 28 – 29, 2017 Workshops on Glanders and West Nile Paris, France
Dr. Sunitha Joseph
June 13 – 14, 2017 9th Workshop for Rabies Budapest, Hungary
June 14 – 15, 2017 Rabies Serology meeting Budapest, Hungary
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Rekha Raghavan
June 28 – 29, 2017 Workshops on Glanders and West Nile Paris, France
Science meetings/ Guest speaker at CVRL
1. Prof. Darren Griffin, University of Kent, UK Why dinosaur probably tasted like chicken: Lessons from the genomes of falcons 2. Renate Wernery, CVRL The Lucky orphans 3. Dareen Almojil Conservation of two reef shark species along the Arabian coasts: insights from
fishermen’s knowledge and molecular tools 4. Prof. Darren Griffin, University of Kent, UK Human IVF embryos 5. Dr. Ulrich Wernery, CVRL Serological investigation of Brucellosis in dromedary
Training Courses Training is an important aspect of our responsibilities as an OIE reference laboratory towards the scientific community; hence each year we run a number of courses for people who are associated with the health of animals.
Medical and biotechnology students from abroad benefit from being part of a leading research and diagnostic centre, being supervised by internationally recognized experts in various fields and have access to excellent research facilities, training, seminars, academic journals and library.
On‐site accommodation for females and males are available at a reasonable rent.
Hands‐on training conducted at CVRL in 2017
Dr. Nina Soellner from University of Leipzig, Germany was trained on various serological techniques which includes all available test in the market for Brucellosis (Agglutination tests, ELISAs, CFT, Lateral flow, etc.)
Dr. Sunitha Joseph
Sunitha Joseph, Head of the Virology Department, successfully completed the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Genetics in the Faculty of Science, Technology and Medical studies from the School of Bioscience, University of Kent, UK. Her PhD entitled
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‘’Chromosome Evolution and Genome Reconstruction in Falcon Species’’ provide significant insight into genome organization and evolution in the Falco genus, revealing previously undetected levels of chromosomal synteny between three species important to the UAE. Also, her study made a significant contribution to the chromosome‐level genome assembly of the Saker falcon, providing tools for further study of avian species both within and beyond the falcon group.
PhD Thesis, Master and Bachelor: Each year we take on number of graduates who do research towards higher degree. Information about studentships can be found on our website www.cvrl.ae.
1. M.G. Müller: Studies on bumble foot in hunting falcons in the United Arab Emirates, Munich 1999
2. S. Gierse: The most important infectious diseases in falcons (Falconidae) and the importance of their quarry, Munich 2001
3. E.A. Albrecht: Production of camel milk. First experience in machine milking of dromedaries, Göttingen 2003 (Master)
4. C.P. Finke: Substantial quality parameters of camel meat (Camelus dromedarius)‐ physico‐chemical and sensory examinations, Munich 2005
5. T. Stahl: Vitamin content and fatty acids in camel milk, Hannover 2005
6. V. Eberlein: Hygienic status of camel milk in Dubai (United Arab Emirates) under two different milking management systems, Munich 2007
7. F. Gerlach: Coccidiosis in dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius), Berlin 2008
8. F. Szulzewsky: Production of quail‐chicken chimera by blastoderm cell transfer, Berlin 2009 (Master)
9. M.R. Hampel: Increasing fatal AA amyloidosis in hunting falcons and how to identify the risk: a report from the United Arab Emirates. Inaugural‐Dissertation /Doctor Thesis, Zurich 2009
10. Maria Daniela von Hieber: Investigation of occurrence and persistence of brucellosis in chronically infected dromedary dams (Camelus dromedarius) and their calves, Ulm 2010 (Master)
11. M.H. Halbrock: Zytobakteriologische Untersuchungen von Milch bei maschinen‐und handgemolkenen Kamelen (Camelus dromedarius) in Dubai, Munich 2010
12. Claudia Anke Kaiser: The role of copper and Vitamin A – Deficiencies leading to neurological signs in captive cheetahs (Acinomyx jubatus) and lions (Panthera leo) in the United Arab Emirates, Inaugural‐Dissertation /Doctor Thesis, Zurich 2014
13. Alexandra Damerau: Development and establishment of an Aspergillus fumigatus antibody ELISA for the early diagnosis of Aspergillosis in falcon, Berlin 2015 (Master)
14. Max Berlin: Development of a CLA vaccine for dromedaries, Berlin 2015 (Master)
15. Sina Tönges: Test to detect Habronema muscae in horses, Berlin 2015 (Master)
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Income:
2015 2016 2017
CVRL 12,121,734 13,192,707 13,448,434
Amount in Dhs
Research Projects for 2018 1. Where do Brucella melitensis hide in dromedary camels?
2. Antibodies development in horses after vaccination against African Horse Sickness with a killed vaccine
3. Study of the life cycle of Porrocaecum angusticolle.
4. A joint research with the environment agency in Abu Dhabi on the role of Artemia
salina as intermediate hosts for avian cestodes in the Al Wathba Wetland Reserve.
5. Further development of a monoclonal antibody ELISA for the diagnosis of falcon aspergillosis.
Dr. Dr. habil. U. Wernery (Scientific Director)
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CVRL Service Charges (2018)
Test Price (Dhs)
Haematology – Biochemistry
Camel Package 1 (Haem+ Bio ‐ 7 parameters) Fe, CK, LDH, SGOT, BUN, TP, Creatinine
60
Single haematology test (CBC & WBC) 25
Complete biochemistry and haematology 150
Blood smear examination 25
3 Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl) 60
Single parameters e.g. Calcium, Phosphorus etc. (each) 20
Amyloid (SAA) 80
Fibrinogen 80
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 25
DIABETIC PROFILE
HbA1c (2ml EDTA blood required) 100
Fructosamine 50
HORMONES (for all species)
Progesterone 200
Testosterone 200
Estradiol 200
T3 200
T4 200
Cortisol 200
Analytical Chemistry
Lead from EDTA blood 100
Trace elements and minerals from tissue (Cu, Zn,Fe, Pb) [each] 170
Copper from serum 50
Zinc from serum 50
Selenium from serum 100
Complete element analysis ‐ water (see CVRL water requisition form)
1000
Water – single element 100
Complete element analysis ‐ feed (see CVRL feed requisition form) 1000
Feed ‐ single element 170
Vitamin B1 from blood 70
Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Vitamin C (each) 100
Carbohydrates from honey 200
62
Test Price (Dhs)
Water content in honey 50
Water soluble vitamins and caffeine from energy drinks 1200
Water soluble vitamins from juices and soft drinks 900
HMF in honey 50
Heavy metals in feed or honey (Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt and Lead)
400
Bile Acid 150
Serology
Tests for Equines
African Horse Sickness ‐ Ab cELISA 200
AHS ‐ Serum titration/sample 450
Dourine ‐ Complement fixation test (CFT) 200
Equine Infectious Anaemia (EIA) ‐ Agar Gel Immunodiffusion test (AGID/Coggins)
200
EIA ‐ Ab cELISA 200
Equine Herpes Virus 1& 4 (EHV1 &EHV4) ‐ Ab ELISA 200
Equine Piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi + Theileria equi) ‐ Immunofluorescence antibody test ( IFAT)
280
Equine Piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi + Theileria equi ) ‐ Ab cELISA 280
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis ‐ Western blot(WB) 400
Equine Rhinitis A Virus ‐ Virus Neutralisation Test (VNT) 200
Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) ‐ VNT 200
EVA ‐ Ab ELISA 200
Glanders ‐ Complement fixation test (CFT) 200
Glanders ‐ Ab cELISA 200
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis ‐ Agglutination test 75
Strangles ‐ Ab ELISA (A + C antigen) 250
Surra ‐ Ab ELISA 200
Vesicular stomatitis ‐ VNT 200
West Nile ‐ IgM Ab ELISA 350
West Nile ‐ IgG Ab ELISA 200
Sera storage (without testing) 40
Tests for other animals
Abortion Panel : Ab ELISA – IBR, BVDV, BHV ‐ 4 250
Anaplasmosis – Ab ELISA 150
Babesia gibsonii ‐ Immunofluorescence antibody test ( IFAT) 400
Brucellosis ‐ Rose Bengal test (RBT) 25
Brucellosis ‐ Serum agglutination test (SAT) 75
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Test Price (Dhs)
Brucellosis ‐ Complement fixation test (CFT) 150
Brucellosis ‐ Ab cELISA 150
Brucella canis ‐ Immunofluorescence antibody test ( IFAT) 400
Blue Tongue ‐ Ab ELISA 150
Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV) ‐ Ab ELISA 150
BVDV ‐ Ab ELISA 250
Camel pox ‐ Ab ELISA 150
Camel pox ‐ Virus Neutralisation Test (VNT) 150
Camel Tryps ‐ Ab ELISA 110
Clostridium perfringens Alpha toxin – Ab cELISA 150
Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin ‐ Antigen ELISA 150
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Caseous Lymphadenitis) ‐ Ab ELISA
150
Dirofilaria immitis ‐ Ag ELISA 200
Ehrlichia canis ‐ Immunofluorescence antibody test ( IFAT) 400
FAVN (Fluorescent Antibody Virus Neutralisation) test for Rabies Antibody
500
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) ‐ Ab cELISA (for field infection) 150
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) ‐ Ab cELISA 150
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Johns disease) for animals including camelids ‐ Ab ELISA
150
Leishmania infantum ‐ Immunofluorescence antibody test ( IFAT) 400
MERS‐CoV for camels ‐ Ab ELISA 250
MERS‐CoV for humans ‐ Ab ELISA 250
Mycoplasma capricolum (CCPP) ‐ Ab ELISA 150
Neosporosis ‐ Ab cELISA 150
Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR) ‐ Ab cELISA 150
Q Fever ‐ Ab ELISA 150
Respiratory penta : Ab ELISA – BHV‐1, BVDV, BRSV, PI3, Adeno‐3 250
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) ‐ Ab cELISA 150
Schmallenberg ‐ Ab ELISA 150
Toxoplasmosis ‐ Direct Agglutination test 75
Tuberculosis – Immunochromatographic test (Elephant, Camelids, Sealions, Cervids)
250
West Nile ‐ Ab cELISA 200
SEROLOGICAL TESTS FOR AVIANS
Avian Influenza H5,H7 and H9 ‐ Haemagglutination inhibition test (HI)
65/sample 49/10samples
64
Test Price (Dhs)
Avian Leukosis – Ag ELISA (Media for Cloacal swabs can be collected from CVRL)
150
Infectious Bronchitis disease (IB) ‐ Ab ELISA 75
Infectious Bursal disease (Gumboro) ‐ Ab ELISA 75
Newcastle Disease ‐ Ab ELISA 75
Newcastle Disease ‐ Haemagglutination inhibition test (HI) 50/sample 42/10samples
Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum ‐ Ab ELISA 200
Parasitology
Faecal Sample
Flotation 20
Sedimentation 30
Egg count (OPG or EPG) 50
Normal smear (protozoans & cysts) 20
Cryptosporidium staining (screening) 40
Parasite identification and flotation 40
Stomach worms (Habronema/Phsysocephalus) screening 50
Xenodiagnostic culturing of Habronema muscae in flies 100
Other Samples
Skin/Skin scrapings/Hair Examination and KOH smear 40
Parasite / Pest / Insect Identification 40
Blood parasite direct smear 25
Giardia / Cryptosporidium (IFT) 110
Feed examination for parasitic stages 60
Soil examination for parasitic stages 100
Examination of other body fluids / cysts / muscle etc. 40
Microfilaria microfiltration test(min. 2 ml EDTA Blood) 50
Knott's test for Microfilaria(Heart worm) ‐ (min. 2 ml EDTA blood) 50
Bacteriology
Routine bacterial culture (Aerobic and Anaerobic culture with identification)
100
Routine bacteriology with Salmonella culture and identification 150
Sensitivity test per isolate 70
Gram stain with interpretation 25
Blood culture including bottle 80+50
Special Isolation and Identification
Anaerobic culture 100
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Test Price (Dhs)
Brucella culture 150
Campylobacter culture 150
Clostridium botulinum culture with mouse bio‐assay 1500
E.coli O157:H7 150
Legionella Culture without PCR 300
Listeria Culture 150
MRSA culture 150
Mycobacterium culture only (Identification by PCR‐ see PCR charges)
200
Mycoplasma culture 150
Salmonella culture 100
Taylorella equigenitalis (CEM) culture per swab 250
Feed and Water
Feed and water analysis [Total plate count (TPC) only] 50
Feed and water analysis (Aerobic, Anaerobic and Salmonella culture)
150
Feed and water analysis with additional serial dilutions (per additional dilution)
50
Moisture Estimation (Thermo‐gravimetric method) 20
Milk Analysis
Routine Milk Analysis (TPC with pathogen identification if any and Coliform count)
80
Extended Milk Analysis (TPC with pathogen identification if any, Coliform count, Staphylococcus aureus count, Salmonella culture, CMT, MRT, SCC)
160
CMT (California Mastitis Test) 20
Milk MRT (Milk Ring Test) 20
Milk‐SCC (Somatic Cell Count) 25
Others
Leptospira Canicola Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) 95
Urine strip 15
Analysis of food intended for human consumption
Total Plate count 50
Coliforms ‐ detection and enumeration 100
Staphylococcus aureus ‐ detection and enumeration 80
Salmonella culture – detection by culture 100
Listeria monocytogenes ‐detection by culture 150
Campylobacter species – detection by culture 150
Clostridium perfringens – detection by culture 100
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Test Price (Dhs)
Vibrio parahemolyticus – detection by culture 80
Yersinia enterocolitica – detection by culture 100
Bacillus cereus detection by culture 80
Lactobacillus species ‐ detection by culture 150
Fungus/Yeasts – detection by culture 100
Fungus
Culture and identification of fungus 80
Culture and identification of fungus including dermatophytes 100
Identification 50
Fungus culture with additional serial dilutions (per additional dilution)
50
KOH mount preparation 25
Mycotoxin analysis ‐ ELISA (Aflatoxin, Fumonisin) 250
Air quality testing
Site visit and sampling 2000
Plate evaluation for bacteria 100
Plate evaluation for fungus 80
Miscellaneous
Mouse bioassay, e.g. for Surra, toxin, botulism 150
Rabbit skin test 100
Skin allergic test (Tb, Mallein) 500
Highly infectious bacterial identification ( BSL‐3) 500
Isothermal genome amplification method‐ Strangles 250
Virology
Virus isolation‐Avian
Adenovirus 150
Avian paramyxovirus ‐1 (Newcastle disease virus) 150
Herpes virus 150
Influenza A virus (All avian Influenza strains including H9, H7 & H5) 150
Pox virus (Houbarapox, Falconpox, Pigeonpox,) 150
Reo virus 150
West Nile Virus (WNV) 200
Virus isolation‐Others
African Horse Sickness (AHS) virus 200
Bluetongue virus (BTV) 200
Camelpox virus 150
Equine Arteritis virus from semen 500
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Test Price (Dhs)
Encephalomyocarditis virus 150
Equine Herpes virus (EHV) 150
Equine Influenza virus 200
Equine Rhinitis A & B virus 150
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus 200
H1N1 Influenza Virus 200
MERS Coronavirus (MERS CoV) 200
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Virus 150
Sheeppox virus 150
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) 150
West Nile Virus (WNV) 200
Immunofluorescence Test(IFT)
Bovine herpesvirus ‐ 1 (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ‐IBR) 110
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) 110
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) 110
Canine distemper virus 110
Equine Herpes virus‐1 (EHV) 110
Feline herpesvirus (FHV) 110
Rabies 150
Antigen ELISA
AHS 250
Influenza A Rapid test 100
PPR 250
Rota Virus Antigen Strip test 60
Parvo Virus Antigen Strip test 140
Miscellaneous
Highly infectious pathogens identification ( BSL‐3) 500
(MERS CoV)‐Isothermal genome amplification 250
COMPLETE TEST PROFILE FOR PET TRAVEL
Blood smear for Babesia gibsoni 25
Immunofluorescence antibody test ( IFAT) for Babesia gibsoni 400
Immunofluorescence antibody test ( IFAT) for Brucella canis 400
Blood smear for Dirofilaria immitis 25
Microfiltration/ KNOTT's test for Dirofilaria 50
ELISA for Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) 200
Blood smear for Ehrlichia canis 25
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Test Price (Dhs)
Immunofluorescence antibody test ( IFAT) for Ehrlichia canis
400
Blood smear for Leishmania infantum 25
Immunofluorescence antibody test ( IFAT) for Leishmania infantum
400
Leptospira Canicola Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) 100
FAVN (Fluorescent Antibody Virus Neutralisation) test for Rabies Antibody
500
Blood smear for Trypanosoma evansi 25
Haematocrit test for Trypanosoma evansi 25
Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosoma evansi 25
Virus isolation for Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease 250
Pathology
Post mortem/necropsy (without histology)
Carcass: Pets (rabbit, cat, dog) 100 – 200
Carcass: Small animals(camel‐calf, sheep, goat, small game) including incineration
200 – 350
Carcass: Big animals (camel, horse, cow, game) including incineration
800
Carcass : Birds (falcon, parrot, ostrich etc.) including incineration 80 – 400
Carcass : Poultry (chicken, quail, etc.) including incineration 20 – 60
Transportation / Incineration / Cremation
Transportation of carcass 200/hour
Incineration according to size 50 – 500
Pet Incineration / Disposal (No ashes back)
Small (Up to 1 kg) 50
1 to 5 Kg 75
5 to 10 Kg 150
Above 10 Kg 200
Pet Cremation – Ashes back (Urns are available at CVRL)
Small (up to 1 kg) 100
1 to 5 Kg 200
5 to 10 Kg 300
Above 10 Kg 500
Individual Cremation: Cat/Dog/Pet 1000
Individual Cremation: Equine 2000
Histology – Cytology
Histology each slide 60
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Test Price (Dhs)
Cytology 30
Immunohistology 220
Miscellaneous
Semen Analysis 110
Courier charges for external lab services 20% of the total amount
Administration fee for re‐issuance of historical results 100/result
Vaccines
Bacterial Vaccines
Autovaccine production with adjuvants 10/ml
Oral Vaccine 5/ml
Clostridium perfringens A hyperimmune serum (DuCaClobulin) 600/bag
Viral vaccines
Papilloma viral vaccine 10/ml
Falcon paramyxo (APMV) inactivated vaccine (DuFaPa) 30/dose
Falconpox vaccine (attenuated) 20/dose
Houbarapox vaccine (attenuated) 20/dose
Camelpox vaccine (Ducapox)*(attenuated)
African Horse Sickness Vaccine (inactivated) – 9 serotypes 170
*Contact exclusive distributor: AL BASHAYER VET for purchase enquiries, email: [email protected]
Immunization in Dromedaries
Animal/immunogen 7350
Books
Camel Haematology (1990) 250
Infectious Diseases in Camelids (Arabic) 200
Colour Atlas of Falcon Medicine (2004) 300
Camelid Infectious Disorders (2014) 400
Forensic Unit
Screening ‐ Equine 350
Confirmatory analysis and documentation ‐ Equine 1350
Screening ‐ Camel 100
Molecular Biology
Please refer www.mbglab.ae for tests and service charges