304961 57791 complete arrayformula book finished
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Book Title: Ctrl+Shift+Enter: Mastering Excel Array FormulasTitle of Video Examples Link to Example
Review of Formula & Function Notes: 15 Important Examples (1)1 #REF!2 #REF!3 #REF!4 #REF!5 #REF!6 #REF!7 #REF!8 #REF!9 #REF!
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15 #REF!Introduction To Array Formulas & Math Array Operation (2)
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16 #REF!Comparative Array Operation (3)
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10 #REF!Join Array Operation (4)
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Link to Sheet
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Function Argument Array Operation (5)
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7 #REF!Array Constants In Formulas (6)
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Array Function: TRANSPOSE (7)
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Array Formula To Deliver Multiple Values To Multiple Cells (One Value To Each Cell).
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SUMPRODUCT function (9)
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21 #REF!LOOKUP function (10)
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Functions That CAN Perform Array Calculations Without Ctrl + Shift + Enter: SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, AGGREGATE, INDEX.
Function That Can't Make Array Calculations, Even With Ctrl + Shift + Enter (SUMIF & The Like).
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Dynamic Ranges And Returned Ranges With INDEX and OFFSET Functions
Boolean Logic, AND & OR criteria, & Converting TRUEs & FALSEs To 1s & 0s
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General Rules For Array Formulas: Summarize First 14 Videos. (15)1 #REF!2 #REF!3 #REF!
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Formulas To Extract Records With Criteria (16)
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Array Function: FREQUENCY example (17)1 #REF!
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Array Function: MMULT (19)1 #REF!2 #REF!3 #REF!4 #REF!5 #REF!
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Extract Unique Lists and Sorting Formulas. (20)1 #REF!2 #REF!3 #REF!4 #REF!5 #REF!6 #REF!7 #REF!8 #REF!9 #REF!
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Unique Count Formulas and the power of the FREQUENCY function.
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Book Title: Ctrl+Shift+Enter: Mastering Excel Array FormulasTitle of Video Examples Link to Example
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Conditional Formatting with Array Formulas (21)
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Excel 2010 Array Function: MODE.MULT (22)
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Array Function: LINEST (23)1 #REF!2 #REF!3 #REF!
24 Amazing Array Formulas (24)1 #REF!2 #REF!
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1 Excel's Golden Rule.Excel's Golden Rule: If formula input data can change, put it in cell and refer to it with cell references. If data will not change, you can hard code it into formula.
2 Formula Elements.123456789
10
3 Math Operators.+ Adding.- Subtracting or Negation.* Multiplying./ Dividing.^ Raising to an exponent.( ) Parentheses.
4 Comparative Operators.=<>>>=<<=
5 Types of Formulas.12345
Array formulas can deliver results that are calculating, logical, text, or lookup.
6 How Formulas Calculate: Order of Precedence in Excel.12
Example of colon in range of cells: =SUM(A1:A4)
Topics Sheet
Equal sign (starts all formulas).Cell references (also defined names, sheet references, workbook references, table nomenclature).Math operators.Numbers (if the number will not change; for example, 12 months, 24 hours).Functions (IF, MATCH, INDEX, COUNTIF, and so on).Function argument elements (such as a 0 in the third argument of MATCH to tell function to do an "Exact Match" lookup.).Comparative operators.Join operator: Ampersand (join symbol: &).Text within quotation marks (for example, "For the Month Ended").Array constants (for example, {1,2,3}).
Equal: are two things equal?Not: are two things not equal? Type less than symbol, then greater than symbol.Greater than: is the thing on the left greater than the thing on the right?Greater than or equal to: is the thing on the left greater than or equal to the thing on the right?Less than: is the thing on the left less than the thing on the right?Less than or equal to: is the thing on the left less than or equal to the thing on the right?
Calculating Formulas that calculate a number answer (like adding)Logical Formulas that give you a logical value, either TRUE or FALSE (like formulas that say whether two accounts are in balance)Text Formulas that deliver a word to a cell or create labels for reports (like a label for a loan payment).Lookup Formulas that look up an item in a table (like looking up a price for a product).Array Formulas are advanced formulas that act on arrays (ranges) instead of individual cell references, or formulas that deliver more than one item.
Parenthesis ( )Reference Operators: colon, space, comma
Example of intersection operator: =E12:G12 F10:F15 (retrieve what is in F12)Example of comma (union): =SUM(E10:G10,E14:G14)
3Example: = -2^4 = 16Example: = -(2^4) = -16Example: --2+1 = 3
45
Example: 4^(1/2) = 2Example: 3^2 = 9
6789
7 Number Formatting is a Façade.1 What you see on the face of the spreadsheet can be different from the underlying number in the cell.2 There can be a disconnect between what you see in a cell with your eyes and what is actually stored in the cell as content.3 Calculations are made upon the underlying number, not the Number Format that you see on the face of the spreadsheet.
Example: You can use the Decrease Decimal button to show fewer decimals, but that does not remove the decimals for calculating purposes.Example: Dates such as 12/1/2012 are serial numbers.
You "see" 12/1/2012 on the face of the spreadsheet, but the serial number 41,244 is what is actually in the cell.Formulas calculate upon the underlying serial number 41,244, not the date 12/1/2012.
8 Default Alignment in Excel.1 Excel is fun2 433 14 #DIV/0!
9 16 formula examples of formula elements and formula types.Ex 1 Type of Formula:
Calculating.Formula Elements:Equal sign, cell reference, math operator, number.Annual Insurance $10,500.00 Monthly Allocation $875.00 Number aligned RIGHT
Note:* Because the number $10,500.00 can change, we put it in a cell and make formulas that refer to it with cell references.* Because the number 12 will not change, we type it directly into the formula.
Ex 2 Type of Formula:Calculating.Formula Elements:Equal sign, cell reference, math operator, built-in function, range of cells.
Negation (-)
Converts % (1% to .01)Exponents (^)
Multiplication (*) and Division (/), left to rightAdding (+) and Subtracting (-), left to rightAmpersand (&)Comparative symbols: =, <>, >=, <=, <, >
Text is to LEFT.Numbers are to RIGHT.Logical values are CENTER.Error values are CENTER.
Revenue $60,000 Administrative Expense $18,360 Operational Expenses $32,088 Other Expenses $312 Net Income $9,240 Number aligned RIGHT
Ex 3 Type of Formula:Logical.Formula Elements:Equal sign, cell reference, comparative operators (equal sign).DR CR
322.00 322.00 Ctrl + Shift + ~172.01 172.01144.10 144.10 In Balance?638.11 638.11 1
Note:* Formulas calculate upon the underlying numbers.* Number Formatting (Decreasing Decimals) does not remove the "unseen" decimals.* In this way, formulas can better analyze a spreadsheet than a person can be just "eyeing it".
Ex 4 Type of Formula:Text.Formula Elements:Equal sign, cell reference, ampersand, text in quotes.First Last First & LastBill Jelen Bill JelenJoe Smith Joe SmithSioux Franks Sioux FranksBob Chin Bob ChinLuong Girvin Luong Girvin
Ex 5 Type of Formula:Calculating.Formula Elements:Equal sign, COUNTIF function, range of cells, comparative operator in quotes, ampersand, cell reference.Hurdle 350# of Sales Greater Than $350.00 2 Number aligned RIGHT
Sales$312.00 $295.00 $294.99 $675.00
$452.00 $195.00
Ex 6 Type of Formula:Text.Formula Elements:Equal sign, text in quotes, join symbol, cell references, DOLLAR function.Hurdle $350.00# of Sales Greater Than $350.00 2 Text aligned LEFT
Sales$312.00 $295.00 $294.99 $675.00 $452.00 $195.00
Note:* Formulas calculate upon the underlying number, not the Number Format that you see on the face of the spreadsheet.* The DOLLAR Function is a functions that specifically takes the underlying number in the cell and formats it so
the formula result can display a formatted number. Even labels in spreadsheets can follow the "Golden Rule".
Ex 7 Type of Formula:Lookup Formula.Formula Elements:Equal sign, VLOOKUP function, number, cell reference, range of cells.Product Price QTY TotalPro 2 $25.00 2 $50.00
Product Price Number aligned RIGHTPro 1 $22.00 Pro 2 $25.00 Pro 3 $24.50 Pro 4 $30.00
Ex 8 Type of Formula:Array Formula and Calculating.Formula Elements:Equal sign, SUM function, LARGE function, range of cells, array constant.
Thrower Throw 1 Throw 2 Throw 3Daniel 45.99 23.78 51.02Richard 40.22 42.32 43.69Matt 37.55 34.2 31.5
Stevie 69.43 0 56.11
Array Formula Notes:* The "k" argument is expecting a single value. When we give the "k" argument 2 values, {1,2},
we are asking the LARGE function to return 2 values.* The array constant {1,2} meets our definition of an array: "a collection of 2 or more items".* This is a type of Array Formula because when we put an array constant into an argument that expects a single value, the function returns
multiple values.* This is our 1st example of an Array Formula.* Later we will see that some Array Formulas require a special keystroke (Ctrl + Shift + Enter). This one does not because array constants do
not require the special keystroke (Ctrl + Shift + Enter).
Ex 9 Type of Formula:Calculating.Formula Elements:Equal sign, number, parenthesis, math operators, cell references.Annual Percentage Rate 0.0395Number of Periods per Year 365Effective Percentage Rate 0.0402882756049 Number aligned RIGHTEffective Percentage Rate 0.0402882756049
Note:* Because we know the "Excel Order of Precedence" we can type out a formula with the minimum number of characters and
are not tempted to create a formula with too many parenthesis: =((1+(D198/D199))^D199)-1.* Formula Evaluator is in the Formula Ribbon Tab (keyboard: Alt, T, U, F or Alt, M, V).
Ex 10 Type of Formula:Logical.Formula Elements:Equal sign, OR function, cell references, comparative operator, text in quotes.
Product Storage Units Boolean ORPro1 Rack 1 0 0Pro2 Basement 1 1Pro3 Yard 1 1Pro4 Rack 3 0 0Pro5 Rack 2 0 0Pro6 Yard 1 1Pro7 Rack 1 0 0
Note:* Because a formula input will never change, typing it directly into the formula in efficient (Golden Rule).* Boolean OR ==>> TRUE+TRUE = 2, TRUE+FALSE = 1, FALSE+TRUE = 1, FALSE + FALSE = 0.
Ex 11 Type of Formula:Text.
Located In Yard or Basement?
Formula Elements:Equal sign, RIGHT function, Number.Code ExtractAAL-45 45 Text aligned LEFTQW0-67 67MNY-17 17
Note:* Even though it looks like a number, Excel treats it as text because the RIGHT function always "spits out" text.
Ex 12 Type of Formula:Calculating (not really, it is a sort of lookup that delivers a number).Formula Elements:Equal sign, RIGHT function, Number, math operator, number.Code LookupAAL-45 45QW0-67 67MNY-17 17 Number aligned RIGHT
Note:* Any math operation done of a number stored as text will convert it back to a number.
Ex 13 Type of Formula:Lookup.Formula Elements:VLOOKUP, Equal sign, RIGHT function, Number, math operator, number, range of cells, number, function argument element.Code LookupAAL-45 19.5" BoxesQW0-67 TapeMNY-17 12" boxes Text aligned LEFT
Lookup Table17 12" boxes45 19.5" Boxes67 Tape
Note:* Some functions require special "function argument elements" such as the VLOOKUP function which requires a "FALSE" or "0"
to indicate that it should do an "exact match" lookup.* Relative Cell References "move relatively" when you copy formula.* Absolute Cell References are "locked" when you copy the formula.* F4 key toggles between the different cell references.
Ex 14 Type of Formula:Calculating.Formula Elements:Equal sign, NETWORKDAYS.INTL, cell references, function argument element, range of cells .Start Date for Project 9/17/2012 Holidays:
End Date for Project 10/12/2012 10/5/2012
#NAME?
Ex 15 Type of Formula:Calculating.Formula Elements:Equal sign, mixed cell references, math operator.
Jan Feb MarRevenue $55,900 $62,500 $64,500 COGS $25,155 $28,125 $29,025 Operating Expenses $10,341.50 $11,562.50 $11,932.50 Administrative Expenses $2,236 $2,500 $2,580 Tax Expense $11,180 $12,500 $12,900
Assumptions (Formula Inputs)COGS 45%Operating Expenses 19%Administrative Expenses 4%Tax Expense 20%
Note:* Understanding and using mixed cell references has two advantages: 1) Formula creation time can be reduced,
2) some advanced Excel techniques can only be done with mixed cell references (example: conditionally formatting whole row).
Ex 16 Type of Formula:Calculating.Formula Elements:Equal sign, parentheses, cell references, math operator, number.
Time IN 8:00 AMTime OUT 2:30 PMTime Worked 6.5
Loan Issue Date 9/19/2012Duration (days) 90Due Date 12/18/2012
Note:* Number Formatting is a façade. Understanding what the underlying number is mandatory in order to have control over formula creation.* Times represent the proportion of one 24 hour day. 8/24 = 1/3 = 0.333.* Dates represent the number of days since Dec 31, 1899. Jan 1, 1900 = 1; Jan. 2, 1900 = 2; Sep. 19, 2012 = 41171.
10 LARGE and ROWS functions and 'expandable range' to extract Top .Sales Top
$312.00 3$295.00
Number of workdays, not including Saturdays
$294.99 Extract Top 3$675.00 675$452.00 452$195.00 312
LARGE and ROWS functions:* LARGE function can pull the 1st largest, 2nd largest, 3rd largest, etc. depending on the k argument.* ROWS function tells you how many rows are in a range of cells.
Note:* "Expandable range" (row reference locked) inside ROWS function creates a formula element that can increment numbers when formula copied across the rows.
11 SMALL and COLUMNS functions and 'expandable range' to extract bottom 3.Sales Bottom
$312.00 3$295.00 $294.99 Extract Low 3$675.00 195 294.99$452.00 $195.00
SMALL and COLUMNS functions:* SMALL function can pull the 1st smallest, 2nd smallest, 3rd smallest, etc. depending on the k argument.* COLUMNS function tells you how many columns are in a range of cells.
Note:* "Expandable range" (column reference locked) inside COLUMNS function creates a formula element that can increment numbers when formula copied across the columns.
12 AGGREGATE and ROWS functions and 'expandable range' to extract bottom 3.Sales Bottom
$312.00 3$295.00 $294.99 SMALL AGGREGATE
#N/A #N/A #NAME?$452.00 #N/A #NAME?$195.00 #N/A #NAME?
AGGREGATE function:* Excel 2010 or later.* AGGREGATE function can be used as a substitute for SMALL and LARGE when errors are involved.
14-19: =AGGREGATE(function_num,option,array,[k])1-13: =AGGREGATE(function_num,option,ref1,ref2,[ref3])
* function_num argument: Choose from 19 functions. 1-13 cannot handle arrays. 14 - 19 can handle arrays.
Array Formula Note:
For more about the AGGREGATE function, see this playlist of YouTube videos:
13 10 Examples of INDEX and MATCH functions.
MATCH Function:* MATCH function is an important lookup function that tells you the relative position of an item in a list.
* The lookup_array can be horizontal or vertical.
* match_type = 1 or omitted = "Approximate Match":* MATCH reports the largest value that is less than or equal to lookup_value.* Metaphor: races through lookup_array until it sees the 1st item bigger than the lookup_value, and jumps back one position.* The values in the lookup_array argument must be placed in ascending order, for example: ...-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ..., A-Z, FALSE, TRUE.* If the lookup_value is bigger than any of the items in the lookup_array, it reports the last position.* If the lookup_value is smaller than the first item in the lookup_array, it reports an #N/A.
* match_type = 0 = "Exact match":* MATCH starts at 1st value and looks for an exact match.* If it cannot find the lookup_value in the lookup_array, it reports #N/A.* When MATCH is looking up a lookup_value and finds duplicates in the lookup_array, it reports the position of the first match.* If match_type is 0 and lookup_value is a text string, you can use the wildcard characters — the question mark (?) and asterisk (*) — in the lookup_value argument. A question mark matches any single character; an asterisk matches any sequence of characters. If you want to find an actual question mark or asterisk, type a tilde (~) before the character.
* match_type = -1:* MATCH reports the smallest value that is greater than or equal to lookup_value.* The values in the lookup_array argument must be placed in descending order.
Ex 1
ListCool rad 2rad Rad 2Rad Fun #N/Arad excel 5Excel
Ex 2
Income$0.00 $650.00 3
* options argument: choose the option.
* The array argument in the AGGREGATE function can handle array calculations without any special keystrokes (Ctrl + Shift + Enter) (more later).
Excel 2010 AGGREGATE Functionhttp://www.youtube.com/course?list=EC95781BFAAB4162C0
* MATCH Function reports the relative position of the lookup_value in the lookup_array.
* The match_type argument describes what type of lookup to do.
MATCH to find relative position. Exact Match.
Lookup This Up
Relative Position of item in list
MATCH to find relative position. Approximate Match (A.M.).
Lookup This Up
Relative Position of item in list
$250.00 -$25.00 #N/A$500.00 $7,000.00 5
$1,000.00 $5,000.00
Ex 3 * Approximate Match lookup calculates faster because of binary search. * When doing Exact Match, consider sorting the first column ascending and using Approximate Match to take advantage of the faster formula calculation time.Instead of: Sales Instead of:Jo $5,831.88 AlCynthia $8,311.21 CynthiaAl $5,989.13 JoMo $6,222.34 MoSue $7,466.33 Sue
Lookup: Relative Position Lookup:Al 3 Al
Ex 4 MATCH to compare 2 lists.List 1 List 2
Company Customer ListWFMI QFC #N/APCC PCC 2SWY FM 6KG SFM #N/AWMFM
Ex 5 MATCH when you need to lookup a wildcard.
ListCool Rad 2Rad *Rad 3*RadExcel
Ex 6
INDEX function:* The reason MATCH is so important is because we can use it in combination with the INDEX function to do:
* One-way lookups (vertical or horizontal)* Two-way lookups* Backwards lookups
Prospective Customer List
Is Item in List 2 in List 1?
Lookup This Word
Relative Position of item in list
* Lookups on columns or rows that are non-contiguous* Lookups that retrieve an entire column or row
* INDEX and MATCH together are the most versatile lookup functions.
* The array argument can be:* one-way range/array horizontal (one row, many columns)* one-way range/array vertical (one columns, many rows)* Two-way range/array (two or more rows, two or more columns (intersection lookup).
* If you are doing a one-way lookup the row_num argument will work for either a horizontal or vertical lookup.* If the row_num argument contains a zero or is left empty AND the column_num argument contains a positive number, INDEX will retrieve the entire column of data. * If the column_num argument contains a zero or is left empty AND the row_num argument contains a positive number, INDEX will retrieve an entire row of data.Array Formula Note:
Ex 7 INDEX and MATCH to do one-way lookup (vertical).
Boomerang Description PriceCarlota Trick Catch 20 m. $25.00 Sunshine Accuracy 30 m. $25.00 Quad Freestyle 20 m. $35.00 Majestic Beaut Distance 40 m. $30.00
Ex 8 INDEX and MATCH to do one-way lookup (horizontal).
Product Supplier 1 Supplier 2 Supplier 3Pro1 $18.00 $24.00 $15.00 Pro2 $28.00 $21.00 $26.00 Pro3 $20.00 $23.00 $15.00 Pro4 $21.00 $15.00 $25.00
Ex 9 INDEX and MATCH functions to do a two-way lookup.Income $1,152.00 Exemptions 1Tax $14.00
Income/Exemption 0 1$0 $10 $11
$250 $11 $12 $500 $12 $13
$1,000 $13 $14
* The array argument contains the values to want to retrieve with your lookup formula.
* The row_num argument tells INDEX which row has the item you want to retrieve with your lookup formula.* The column_num argument tells INDEX which column has the item you want to retrieve with your lookup formula.
* The array argument in the INDEX function can handle array calculations without any special keystrokes (Ctrl + Shift + Enter) (more later).
$5,000 $14 $15
Ex 10 INDEX and MATCH to lookup entire column.Criteria Jan FebMar $72 $34 Sum $32 $22
$449.00 $32 $49 $25 $79 $42 $59 $22 $92 $50 $93 $70 $37
Notes:* By leaving row_num argument empty (or with a zero), you are telling the INDEX function to take "all the rows" in the column.
For more about INDEX and MATCH functions, see this video:
14 SUMIFS to add with two criteria.SalesRep Product Total UnitsChelia Product 1 1445
Date SalesRep Product Units9/21/2012 Sioux Product 1 17729/24/2012 Sioux Product 2 12709/24/2012 Phil Product 1 13359/22/2012 Phil Product 2 18979/23/2012 Chelia Product 1 10629/24/2012 Sioux Product 1 5819/23/2012 Chelia Product 1 3839/24/2012 Sioux Product 2 601
SUMIFS function:* Excel 2007 or later.* SUMIFS adds with one or more criteria.
* The sum_range and criteria_range arguments must be the same dimensions (1 x 10 and 1 x 10, 20 x 1 and 20 x 1, …)* You can have up to 127 criteria_range and criteria pairs.* SUMIFS function calculates significantly faster than other formula methods of adding with one or more criteria (for example: SUMPRODUCT or Database functions)
INDEX & MATCH functions Beginner to Advanced 19 Exampleshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-8D2G0y9EM
* sum_range argument contains the numbers you want to add.* criteria_range argument contains data you want to match criteria against.* criteria argument is the criteria that determines which numbers to add.
15 Advantage of formulas over other Excel features such as Filter and PivotTables.
When a formula input changes, formula automatically updates; whereas Filters and PivotTables do not automatically update.SalesRep Product Total UnitsChelia Product 1 1445
Date SalesRep Product Units9/21/2012 Sioux Product 1 17729/24/2012 Sioux Product 2 12709/24/2012 Phil Product 1 13359/22/2012 Phil Product 2 18979/23/2012 Chelia Product 1 10629/24/2012 Sioux Product 1 5819/23/2012 Chelia Product 1 3839/24/2012 Sioux Product 2 601
Date SalesRep Product Units9/21/2012 Sioux Product 1 17729/24/2012 Sioux Product 2 12709/24/2012 Phil Product 1 13359/22/2012 Phil Product 2 18979/23/2012 Chelia Product 1 10629/24/2012 Sioux Product 1 5819/23/2012 Chelia Product 1 3839/24/2012 Sioux Product 2 601
Total 8901
Examples not in videos:
SUMPRODUCT function:* PRODUCT means to multiple and SUM means to add.* SUMPRODUCTS takes to two or more arrays/ranges and 1st multiplies and then adds the results.
* The arrays must be the same dimensions (1 x 3 and 1 x 3, 4 x 1 and 4 x 1, 2 x 4 and 2 x 4, etc…)* The comma between the array1 and array2 arguments means "multiply".Array Formula Notes:
Ex 32 SUMPRODUCT to calculate Estimated Stock Return.
Recession 0.07 -0.05Below Average 0.30 0.02Average 0.60 0.13Boom 0.03 0.21Estimated Return (Expected Value): 0.0868
Estimated Return (Expected Value): 0.0868 0.07 * -0.05 + 0.3 * 0.02 + 0.6 * 0.13 + 0.03 * 0.21
Notes:* This is an example of an array operation using a built-in function.* The array operation is to multiply two ranges and then add.* This is different than a standard formula that multiples or adds individual cells.
Ex 33 SUMPRODUCT to calculate Weighted Grade.Weights 0.25 0.25 0.5Student Test 1 Test 2 Test 3Max Possible 100 100 200Jo Snap 86 94 194Phil Trim 82 90 169Sioux RadCool 79 68 154Tina Sparkle 99 79 118
Notes:* This is an example of an array operation using a built-in function.
* You can have 1 to 255 array arguments.
* The array argument in SUMPRODUCT can handle array calculations without the special keystroke (Ctrl + Shift + Enter) (more later).
EconomicState
Prob. Of Economic State
Estimated Return for stock A
Ex 34 SUMPRODUCT to calculate Expected Value From Relative Frequency Distribution.
Autos Sold In Month Relative Frequency100 0.2 170150 0.3200 0.4 SUM of Prob =250 0.1 1
Notes:* This is an example of an array operation using a built-in function.
Ex 35 SalesRep Product Total Units Total UnitsChelia Product 1 SUMIFS SUMPRODUCTS
1445 1445
Date SalesRep Product Units9/21/2012 Sioux Product 1 17729/24/2012 Sioux Product 2 12709/24/2012 Phil Product 1 13359/22/2012 Phil Product 2 18979/23/2012 Chelia Product 1 10629/24/2012 Sioux Product 1 5819/23/2012 Chelia Product 1 3839/24/2012 Sioux Product 2 601
Impetus for creating SUMPRODUCT Formula:* In versions of Excel before 2007, there was no SUMIFS. * In some cases the DSUM would not work for adding with two criteria (See Video 10, Example 2).* Assume that a PivotTable or helper column could not be used either.Calculation Summary:
* In the formula, we are performing operations directly on arrays and therefore have created an "Array Formula".* The formula uses four direct array operations: two comparative operators equal sign (=) and two math operators double negative (--). (The built-in function SUMPRODUCT function will do the final array operation, which is to multiply the three arrays and then add).* Because Excel Order Of Precedence calculates Double Negative before Equal Sign,
you must place the equating array operation in parentheses.* This is our 2nd example of an Array Formula.* The range, C54:C61, meets our definition of an array: "a collection of 2 or more items". C54:C61 is an array.
* The first equal sign operates on the array of names and asks the question: "Are any of the names equal to Chelia?"
Expected Value Weighted Ave.
1) =SUMPRODUCT(E54:E61,--(C54:C61=B50),--(D54:D61=C50))
2) =SUMPRODUCT(E54:E61,--(C54:C61="Chelia"),--(D54:D61="Product 1"))4) =SUMPRODUCT(E54:E61,--({FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE}),--({TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE}))
* The second equal sign operates on the array of product names and asks the question: "Are any of the names equal to product 1?"* When the formula finds a match it answers TRUE* When the formula does not find a match it answers FALSE* SUMPRODUCT is not programmed to understand TRUEs and FALSEs.* SUMPRODUCT can understand 1s and 0s.* Rule of math operations and arrays of TRUEs and FALSEs: Any math operation done on TRUEs and FALSEs converts them to 1s and 0s.* In order to convert the TRUEs and FALSEs to 1s and 0s, use the math operator Double Negative (--). There are other ways to convert TRUEs and FALSEs to 1s and 0s, but the Double Negative tends to be more efficient than other methods. More later...
* The array operation: --(C54:C61=B50) which evaluates to: {0;0;0;0;1;0;1;0} meets our definition of an array:a collection of 2 or more items. {0;0;0;0;1;0;1;0} is an example of an array created by a formula.
* The built-in function SUMPRODUCT can now multiply the corresponding arrays.* Boolean Logic: {1772;1270;1335;1897;1062;581;383;601}*{0;0;0;0;1;0;1;0}*{1;0;1;0;1;1;1;0}
* Boolean Logic: 1772*0*1 = 0* Boolean Logic: 1062*1*1 = 1062 ==> The criteria "Chelia" AND "Product 1" have been met: BOTH are TRUE, so the number can be used.*Boolean Logic: AND criteria uses multiplication (*); OR criteria uses addition (+). More later…
* The built-in function SUMPRODUCT can now add.
Conclusion:* We had to build an Array Formula that would add with two criteria.* If we need to add with two criteria and we could not use SUMIFS, DSUM or a PivotTable, this formula is an efficient option.Array Formula Note:* Later we will see that some Array Formulas require a special keystroke (Ctrl + Shift + Enter). This one does not because the array argument in
SUMPRODUCT does not require the special keystroke (Ctrl + Shift + Enter).Note about formula calculation speed:* The SUMIFS method is the preferred method if you are using Excel 2007 or later because the SUMIFS function calculates the formula result
significantly more quickly than the SUMPRODUCT formula.Notes about D Functions:* Like: DSUM, DMAX, DMIN, DGET, etc.…* Database = Whole table including field names* Field = Name of field you want to make a calculation upon* Criteria = Field Names at top, criteria below -- must highlight field name and criteria.* D Functions don't work well when copying a formula down a column (setup for Criteria argument prevents copying formula down a column).
LOOKUP to do one-way lookup (vertical).
Boomerang Description PriceSunshine Accuracy 30 m. $25.00 Majestic Beaut Distance 40 m. $30.00
5) =SUMPRODUCT(E54:E61,{0;0;0;0;1;0;1;0},{1;0;1;0;1;1;1;0})
6) =SUMPRODUCT({1772;1270;1335;1897;1062;581;383;601},{0;0;0;0;1;0;1;0},{1;0;1;0;1;1;1;0})
* Boolean Logic: Only Number*1*1 will result in a non-zero number
7) =SUMPRODUCT({0;0;0;0;1062;0;383;0})
8) The formula delivers the single value 1445
Quad Freestyle 20 m. $35.00 Carlota Trick Catch 20 m. $25.00
LOOKUP function:
* Lookup function that can do "Approximate Match" only.Metaphor for understanding: "bump into first bigger item in a ascending sorted list and jump back one.
* If the lookup_value is bigger than any item in the lookup_vector, it finds that last one.*If the lookup_value is smaller than the first item in the lookup_vector, it returns #N/A* This was the first lookup function invented (1st version of VisiCalc).Array Formula Notes:* What is so amazing about the LOOKUP function is that all three arguments can handle array calculations without any special keystrokes (Ctrl + Shift + Enter)
(more later).
Notes:* Because it does "Approximate Match" only, we must sort lookup_vector.* If you could not sort, you would use INDEX and MATCH (seen earlier).* Backwards lookup (lookup left).* Lookups on columns or rows that are non-contiguous* THE MOST AMAZING FEATURE of LOOKUP is that all three arguments can handle arrays with special keystrokes (more later)
For more about LOOKUP function, see this video:
* LOOKUP finds the relative position of the lookup_value argument in the lookup_vector argument and returns the corresponding item from the result_vector argument.
LOOKUP function Beginner to Advanced 23 Exampleshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N24cBM-CTw4
Excel's Golden Rule: If formula input data can change, put it in cell and refer to it with cell references. If data will not change, you can hard code it into formula.
(also defined names, sheet references, workbook references, table nomenclature).
(such as a 0 in the third argument of MATCH to tell function to do an "Exact Match" lookup.).
: is the thing on the left greater than or equal to the thing on the right?
that give you a logical value, either TRUE or FALSE (like formulas that say whether two accounts are in balance) that deliver a word to a cell or create labels for reports (like a label for a loan payment).
are advanced formulas that act on arrays (ranges) instead of individual cell references, or formulas that deliver more than one item.
What you see on the face of the spreadsheet can be different from the underlying number in the cell.There can be a disconnect between what you see in a cell with your eyes and what is actually stored in the cell as content.Calculations are made upon the underlying number, not the Number Format that you see on the face of the spreadsheet.
Example: You can use the Decrease Decimal button to show fewer decimals, but that does not remove the decimals for calculating purposes.
You "see" 12/1/2012 on the face of the spreadsheet, but the serial number 41,244 is what is actually in the cell.
Number aligned RIGHT
* Because the number $10,500.00 can change, we put it in a cell and make formulas that refer to it with cell references.
Number aligned RIGHT
General Number Formatting
Logical aligned CENTER
* In this way, formulas can better analyze a spreadsheet than a person can be just "eyeing it".
Text aligned LEFT
Equal sign, COUNTIF function, range of cells, comparative operator in quotes, ampersand, cell reference.
Number aligned RIGHT
* Formulas calculate upon the underlying number, not the Number Format that you see on the face of the spreadsheet.* The DOLLAR Function is a functions that specifically takes the underlying number in the cell and formats it so
the formula result can display a formatted number. Even labels in spreadsheets can follow the "Golden Rule".
Number aligned RIGHT
97.0186.0171.75
SUM of Best Two
125.54 Number aligned RIGHT
* The "k" argument is expecting a single value. When we give the "k" argument 2 values, {1,2},
* The array constant {1,2} meets our definition of an array: "a collection of 2 or more items".* This is a type of Array Formula because when we put an array constant into an argument that expects a single value, the function returns
* Later we will see that some Array Formulas require a special keystroke (Ctrl + Shift + Enter). This one does not because array constants do
Number aligned RIGHT
* Because we know the "Excel Order of Precedence" we can type out a formula with the minimum number of characters andare not tempted to create a formula with too many parenthesis: =((1+(D198/D199))^D199)-1.
Logical aligned CENTERNumber aligned RIGHT
* Because a formula input will never change, typing it directly into the formula in efficient (Golden Rule).
* Even though it looks like a number, Excel treats it as text because the RIGHT function always "spits out" text.
Number aligned RIGHT
VLOOKUP, Equal sign, RIGHT function, Number, math operator, number, range of cells, number, function argument element.
* Some functions require special "function argument elements" such as the VLOOKUP function which requires a "FALSE" or "0"
Apr May$72,550 $75,010
$32,647.50 $33,754.50 $13,421.75 $13,876.85
$2,902 $3,000.40 $14,510 $15,002
* Understanding and using mixed cell references has two advantages: 1) Formula creation time can be reduced,2) some advanced Excel techniques can only be done with mixed cell references (example: conditionally formatting whole row).
* Number Formatting is a façade. Understanding what the underlying number is mandatory in order to have control over formula creation.
* Dates represent the number of days since Dec 31, 1899. Jan 1, 1900 = 1; Jan. 2, 1900 = 2; Sep. 19, 2012 = 41171.
* LARGE function can pull the 1st largest, 2nd largest, 3rd largest, etc. depending on the k argument.
* "Expandable range" (row reference locked) inside ROWS function creates a formula element that can
295
* SMALL function can pull the 1st smallest, 2nd smallest, 3rd smallest, etc. depending on the k argument.
* "Expandable range" (column reference locked) inside COLUMNS function creates a formula element that can
* AGGREGATE function can be used as a substitute for SMALL and LARGE when errors are involved. argument: Choose from 19 functions. 1-13 cannot handle arrays. 14 - 19 can handle arrays.
* MATCH function is an important lookup function that tells you the relative position of an item in a list.
* Metaphor: races through lookup_array until it sees the 1st item bigger than the lookup_value, and jumps back one position.* The values in the lookup_array argument must be placed in ascending order, for example: ...-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ..., A-Z, FALSE, TRUE.* If the lookup_value is bigger than any of the items in the lookup_array, it reports the last position.
* When MATCH is looking up a lookup_value and finds duplicates in the lookup_array, it reports the position of the first match.* If match_type is 0 and lookup_value is a text string, you can use the wildcard characters — the question mark (?) and asterisk (*) — in the lookup_value argument. A question mark matches any single character; an asterisk matches any sequence of characters. If you want to find an actual question mark or asterisk, type a tilde (~) before the character.
Notes:Not case sensitive, Takes 1st when dups.#N/A is good because it tells you "not in list".Not case sensitive.
Notes:
* Sorted ascending. Bumps into 1st bigger jumps back 1.
argument in the AGGREGATE function can handle array calculations without any special keystrokes (Ctrl + Shift + Enter) (more later).
* #N/A means value smaller than 1st.* Lookup bigger # than any in list,
it reports last position.
Sales$5,989.13 $8,311.21 $5,831.88 $6,222.34 $7,466.33
1
Notes: <<== #N/A means "not in list" <<== Number means it found it <<== Number means it found it <<== #N/A means "not in list"
Note:* If you want to find an actual question mark
or asterisk, type a tilde (~) beforethe character.
* The reason MATCH is so important is because we can use it in combination with the INDEX function to do:
Relative Position
* If you are doing a one-way lookup the row_num argument will work for either a horizontal or vertical lookup.* If the row_num argument contains a zero or is left empty AND the column_num argument contains a positive
* If the column_num argument contains a zero or is left empty AND the row_num argument contains a positive
Quad Freestyle 20 m.
Notes:* Backwards lookup (lookup left).* Lookups on columns or rows that are non-contiguous
Min$15.00 Supplier 3$21.00 Supplier 2$15.00 Supplier 3$15.00 Supplier 2
2 3$12 $13 $13 $14 $14 $15 $15 $16
argument tells INDEX which row has the item you want to retrieve with your lookup formula. argument tells INDEX which column has the item you want to retrieve with your lookup formula.
argument in the INDEX function can handle array calculations without any special keystrokes (Ctrl + Shift + Enter) (more later).
Return Boomerang
Select Description
Supplier with Low Bid
$16 $17
Mar Apr$31 $31 $74 $97 $41 $97 $62 $86 $29 $97 $95 $36 $77 $96 $40 $28
* By leaving row_num argument empty (or with a zero), you are telling the INDEX function to take "all the rows" in the column.
Later when we start doing Array Formulas this idea will help:
SalesRep Product Units Product0 1 1772 Product 10 0 1270 Product 20 1 13350 0 18971 1 10620 1 5811 1 3830 0 601
* The sum_range and criteria_range arguments must be the same dimensions (1 x 10 and 1 x 10, 20 x 1 and 20 x 1, …)
* SUMIFS function calculates significantly faster than other formula methods of adding with one or more criteria (for
When a formula input changes, formula automatically updates; whereas Filters and PivotTables do not automatically update.
Sum of Units ProductSalesRep Product 1 Product 2 Grand TotalChelia 1445 1445Phil 1335 1897 3232Sioux 2353 1871 4224Grand Total 5133 3768 8901
-0.00350.0060.078
0.00630.0868 2) And then the result is added
0.07 * -0.05 + 0.3 * 0.02 + 0.6 * 0.13 + 0.03 * 0.21
Total150142
127.5113.75
103.5
* The array argument in SUMPRODUCT can handle array calculations without the special keystroke (Ctrl + Shift + Enter) (more later).
1) It is like "2 columns are multiplied"
Total UnitsDSUM
1445
SalesRep Product Units0 1 1772 00 0 1270 00 1 1335 00 0 1897 01 1 1062 10620 1 581 01 1 383 3830 0 601 0
1445
* In some cases the DSUM would not work for adding with two criteria (See Video 10, Example 2).
* In the formula, we are performing operations directly on arrays and therefore have created an "Array Formula".* The formula uses four direct array operations: two comparative operators equal sign (=) and two math operators double negative (--). (The built-in function SUMPRODUCT function will do the final array operation, which is to multiply the three arrays and then add).* Because Excel Order Of Precedence calculates Double Negative before Equal Sign,
* The range, C54:C61, meets our definition of an array: "a collection of 2 or more items". C54:C61 is an array.
* The first equal sign operates on the array of names and asks the question: "Are any of the names equal to Chelia?"
Resultant Array
=SUMPRODUCT(E54:E61,--({FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE}),--({TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE}))
* The second equal sign operates on the array of product names and asks the question: "Are any of the names equal to product 1?"
* Rule of math operations and arrays of TRUEs and FALSEs: Any math operation done on TRUEs and FALSEs converts them to 1s and 0s.* In order to convert the TRUEs and FALSEs to 1s and 0s, use the math operator Double Negative (--).
but the Double Negative tends to be more efficient than other methods. More later...
* The array operation: --(C54:C61=B50) which evaluates to: {0;0;0;0;1;0;1;0} meets our definition of an array:a collection of 2 or more items. {0;0;0;0;1;0;1;0} is an example of an array created by a formula.
* Boolean Logic: {1772;1270;1335;1897;1062;581;383;601}*{0;0;0;0;1;0;1;0}*{1;0;1;0;1;1;1;0}
* Boolean Logic: 1062*1*1 = 1062 ==> The criteria "Chelia" AND "Product 1" have been met: BOTH are TRUE, so the number can be used.*Boolean Logic: AND criteria uses multiplication (*); OR criteria uses addition (+). More later…
* If we need to add with two criteria and we could not use SUMIFS, DSUM or a PivotTable, this formula is an efficient option.
* Later we will see that some Array Formulas require a special keystroke (Ctrl + Shift + Enter). This one does not because the array argument in
* The SUMIFS method is the preferred method if you are using Excel 2007 or later because the SUMIFS function calculates the formula result
* D Functions don't work well when copying a formula down a column (setup for Criteria argument prevents copying formula down a column).
Quad Freestyle 20 m.
=SUMPRODUCT({1772;1270;1335;1897;1062;581;383;601},{0;0;0;0;1;0;1;0},{1;0;1;0;1;1;1;0})
Return Boomerang
Select Description
Metaphor for understanding: "bump into first bigger item in a ascending sorted list and jump back one.
* What is so amazing about the LOOKUP function is that all three arguments can handle array calculations without any special keystrokes (Ctrl + Shift + Enter)
* THE MOST AMAZING FEATURE of LOOKUP is that all three arguments can handle arrays with special keystrokes (more later)
lookup_vector argument and returns the corresponding item
SalesRepSiouxCheliaPhil
#VALUE!
1 What is an "Array"?* A collection of 2 or more items. Array Formula Rule #1
2 Arrays in Excel.* Reference that contain more than one cell (range of cells, Defined Names, and other references).* Array created by a formula element or formula.* Array constant.
3 What is an Array Formula?* A formula that performs an operation on an array of items instead of a single item.
* Operations such as: math, comparative, join, function argument.* The final result from an Array Formulas can either be a single value or an array of values.
4 Non-Array Formulas operate on single values.* Formula goal: Calculate change in stock value.Stock Date Open Close ChangeGOOG 10/1/12 759.05 761.78 2.73GOOG 10/2/12 765.2 756.99 -8.21GOOG 10/3/12 755.72 762.5 6.78 1) The operation is subtraction.GOOG 10/4/12 762.75 768.05 5.3 2) Subtraction is done on single values.
5 Non-Array Formulas can make aggregate calculations.* Formula goal: Find maximum stock change. * Aggregate functions return a single value
MAX 6.78 Examples: MAX, MIN, SUM, AVERAGE…
6 Array Formula that makes "math" operation on an array. Array formula =MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24):7 Formula goal: Calculate maximum stock value change. 1) The array operation is subtraction (-).
MAX 6.78 2) Subtraction is done on arrays (ranges of cells).8 Arrays in formula: =MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24). 3) Array operation delivers array of values to the MAX function.
* Two types of arrays in our formula:1) Range of cells: E21:E24 and D21:D24.2) An array of values created by subtraction operation: 5) Excel puts curly brackets in to indicate that this is an Array Formula.
E21:E24-D21:D24: {2.73;-8.21;6.78;5.3}. (Values not actually in the cells!) 6) Formula delivers a single value.
9 Special Keystroke, Ctrl + Shift + Enter, is required when entering an Array Formula unless the specific function argument is programmed to perform array calculations or the array calculations are done on array constants.perform array calculations or the array calculations are done on array constants.
this is an Array Formula by entering the formula into the cell with the keystrokes Ctrl + Shift + Enter (CSE).
*After you enter the Array Formula Excel will tell you that it understood that you wanted an Array Formula
Topics Sheet
4) Enter with CSE because number1 argument in the MAX functioncan't handle array operations unless you use CSE.
* Because the number1 argument in the MAX function is NOT specifically programmed to perform array operations, you must tell Excel that
* CSE = Ctrl + Shift + Enter.* CSE means hold Ctrl and Shift down simultaneously, then tap Enter.
by placing curly brackets around the formula. Array Formula Rule #5* Look in the formula bar to see the curly brackets: {=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24)}* The curly brackets cannot by typed in.
10 If you forget Ctrl + Shift + Enter, one of two things will happen: 1) #VALUE! error or 2) implicit intersection.1) #VALUE! Error if formula is NOT next to, above or below the data set. 2) A potential incorrect answer as a result of implicitMAX intersection: formula above or below a horizontal range
#VALUE! array calculation or next to a vertical range arraycalculation.
Stock Date Open CloseGOOG 10/1/12 759.05 761.78 MAXGOOG 10/2/12 765.2 756.99 -8.21GOOG 10/3/12 755.72 762.5GOOG 10/4/12 762.75 768.05
11 Which method is better: Helper Column or Array Formula? First look.Stock Date Open Close Change <<== Helper column methodGOOG 10/1/12 759.05 761.78 2.73 This is a great method if you want to see all the individualGOOG 10/2/12 765.2 756.99 -8.21 amounts and if you can afford the spreadsheet space.GOOG 10/3/12 755.72 762.5 6.78 It may also create a formula that calculates faster than aGOOG 10/4/12 762.75 768.05 5.3 related Array Formula. More latter…
MAX 6.78
Single Cell Method ==>> MAX 6.78 <<== Array formula methodThis is great if you want to save space in the spreadsheetand want a single cell solution.It may take longer to calculate than "helper". More later…Array Formula Rule #7
12 Calculating notes about Array Formula =MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24).Impetus for creating Array Formula:* We want a single cell formula instead of a helper column solution (saves space).* Do not need to see all the detail, just the one number that is biggest.Calculation Summary:
* We are performing a math operation (subtraction) on two ranges (arrays).By doing so we have created an Array Formula.
* The array calculation E21:E24-D21:D24 evaluates to {2.73;-8.21;6.78;5.3}.* The formula element, E21:E24-D21:D24, delivers the array, {2.73;-8.21;6.78;5.3}, to the MAX function.
Entering formula into cell:* Create in Edit mode: =MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24)* Because we are making an array operation and the number1 argument in the MAX function is not programmed
to make array calculations, we must use: Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
1) =MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24)
2) =MAX({2.73;-8.21;6.78;5.3})
3) The formula delivers the single value 6.78
* Formula as seen in Formula bar after we enter it with Ctrl + Shift + Enter: {=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24)}* If you do not use Ctrl + Shift + Enter you will get a #VALUE! error or
a potential incorrect answer caused by implicit intersection.Conclusion:* If you do not want to use a helper column, this Array Formula is a great option.* Some people may have a hard time using and understanding Array Formulas.
13 Math Operators.
+ Adding.
- Subtracting or Negation.
* Multiplying.
/ Dividing.
^ Raising to an exponent.
( ) Parentheses.
14 Benefits of Array Formulas.1) Given a desired formula result and the situational demands, Array Formula is best option.
* Said a different way: Array formulas can sometimes achieve what no other Excel method can achieve without using VBA code.2) Save spreadsheet space: take multiple column solution and reduce it down to a single cell formula.3) Make it hard to delete formulas. Not that much of a benefit because there are other ways to protect a sheet from formula deletion.
15 Drawbacks of Array Formulas.1) May slow down formula calculation time for spreadsheet. This is a concern for spreadsheets that contain
many formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations.2) Array Formulas sometimes require the special keystroke Ctrl + Shift + Enter.3) Other users of spreadsheet may have hard time using Array Formulas.4) Not as much information available about Array Formulas (compared to other topics in Excel such as PivotTables, Charts, Filter, and so on).5) Array Formulas are sometimes very complicated to create.
16 When considering the use of Array Formulas always consider whether other methods would be more efficient.1) Is there a built-in function that can do the same thing more efficiently?2) Could we use a helper column formula?3) Could we use helper cell formulas?4) Could we use Filter, Advanced Filter, or a PivotTable?5) For spreadsheets that contain many formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations,
you may need to time different formula options to see which one is significantly faster.6) VBA code (beyond the scope of this DVD / Book.
* As we progress through these videos, we will consider the benefits, drawbacks and alternatives for each Array Formula.
Array Formula Rule #21
Array Formula Rule #1
Array Formula Rule #2
Array Formula Rule #3
* F2 key puts cell in Edit Mode.* F9 key evaluates formula element (remember Ctrl + Z)
1) The operation is subtraction.2) Subtraction is done on single values.
* Aggregate functions return a single valueExamples: MAX, MIN, SUM, AVERAGE…
Array formula =MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24):1) The array operation is subtraction (-).2) Subtraction is done on arrays (ranges of cells).3) Array operation delivers array of values to the MAX function.
5) Excel puts curly brackets in to indicate that this is an Array Formula.6) Formula delivers a single value.
Special Keystroke, Ctrl + Shift + Enter, is required when entering an Array Formula unless the specific function argument is programmed to perform array calculations or the array calculations are done on array constants.Array Formula Rule #4
this is an Array Formula by entering the formula into the cell with the keystrokes Ctrl + Shift + Enter (CSE).
*After you enter the Array Formula Excel will tell you that it understood that you wanted an Array Formula
4) Enter with CSE because number1 argument in the MAX functioncan't handle array operations unless you use CSE.
argument in the MAX function is NOT specifically programmed to perform array operations, you must tell Excel that
If you forget Ctrl + Shift + Enter, one of two things will happen: 1) #VALUE! error or 2) implicit intersection. Array Formula Rule #62) A potential incorrect answer as a result of implicit
intersection: formula above or below a horizontal rangearray calculation or next to a vertical range arraycalculation.
2.73MAX -8.21
6.78 MAX 6.785.3 MAX 5.3
#VALUE! 0
<<== Helper column methodThis is a great method if you want to see all the individualamounts and if you can afford the spreadsheet space.It may also create a formula that calculates faster than arelated Array Formula. More latter…
<<== Array formula methodThis is great if you want to save space in the spreadsheetand want a single cell solution.It may take longer to calculate than "helper". More later…Array Formula Rule #7
* The formula element, E21:E24-D21:D24, delivers the array, {2.73;-8.21;6.78;5.3}, to the MAX function.
* Because we are making an array operation and the number1 argument in the MAX function is not programmed
* Formula as seen in Formula bar after we enter it with Ctrl + Shift + Enter: {=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24)}
* Said a different way: Array formulas can sometimes achieve what no other Excel method can achieve without using VBA code.2) Save spreadsheet space: take multiple column solution and reduce it down to a single cell formula.3) Make it hard to delete formulas. Not that much of a benefit because there are other ways to protect a sheet from formula deletion.
1) May slow down formula calculation time for spreadsheet. This is a concern for spreadsheets that contain
4) Not as much information available about Array Formulas (compared to other topics in Excel such as PivotTables, Charts, Filter, and so on).
When considering the use of Array Formulas always consider whether other methods would be more efficient.
5) For spreadsheets that contain many formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations,
* As we progress through these videos, we will consider the benefits, drawbacks and alternatives for each Array Formula.
Special Keystroke, Ctrl + Shift + Enter, is required when entering an Array Formula unless the specific function argument is programmed to perform array calculations or the array calculations are done on array constants.
#VALUE!
1 Array Formula that makes "comparative" operation on an array.2 Formula goal: Calculate smallest sample time for each city in sample. Array formula =MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)):
City Times (h) City Min Time 1) The array operation is equating (=).Seattle 5 Oakland 6 2) Equating is done on an array (range of cells).Tacoma 8 Seattle 4 3) Equating array operation and IF function help to deliverOakland 9 Tacoma 8 an array of values to the MIN function.Seattle 4Tacoma 10Oakland 6 5) Excel puts curly brackets in to indicate that this is an Array Formula.
6) Formula delivers a single value.3 Arrays in formula: =MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)).
* Three types of arrays in our formula:1) Range of cells: $B$7:$B$12 and $C$7:$C$12 2) An array of values created by equating operation: $B$7:$B$12=E7: {FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE}.3) An array of values created by IF function: IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12): {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}.
4 Why it is convenient that the IF function puts FALSE into the array.Formula goal: find smallest sample time for each city in sample.City Times (h) City Min TimeSeattle 5 Oakland 0 <= This formula won't work because FALSEs turn toTacoma 8 Seattle 0 zero (any math operation done on TRUE and FALSE Oakland 9 Tacoma 0 convert them to 1 and 0).Seattle 4Tacoma 10 City Min TimeOakland 6 Oakland 6 <= IF Function has advantage of providing FALSE
Seattle 4 to MIN.Tacoma 8
5 Could we use the DMIN function?City Times (h) * Yes, but because the criteria argument in the DMIN function requires field name andOakland 6 criteria is a specific setup, it does not allow us to create a single formula and then copy itCity Times (h) down the column. Array Formula Rule #8Seattle 4City Times (h)Tacoma 8
6 Could we use a PivotTable? * Yes, but if you have data that will change, formulas update instantly, whereas PivotTablesupdate only after you hit the Refresh button.
City Min of Times (h)Oakland 6Seattle 4Tacoma 8
Topics Sheet
4) Enter with CSE because logical_test argument in the IF functioncan't handle array operations unless you use CSE.
7 Which is better: MIN/IF Array Formula, DMIN or PivotTable?* If you need a single formula that you can copy down a column and that will automatically update when formula inputs change,
the MIN/IF Array Formula is a great option.
8 Calculating notes about Array Formula =MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)).Impetus for creating Array Formula:* There is no built-in function called MINIF* DMIN function does not allow you to copy the formula down a column. (configuration of input for criteriaargument prevents it).* We do not want to use a PivotTable (calculations do not automatically update when source data updates).Calculation Summary:
* We put the IF function inside the MIN function so that we can select only the values for "Oakland"* We are directly performing an equating operation (=) on the range $B$97:$B$102.* When you do a direct array operation, you create an Array Formula.
* We create an array of TRUEs and FALSEs.* TRUE means the city is Oakland* FALSE means the city is not Oakland
* The array of numbers in the value_if_true argument shows all the numbers.* Notice that we have not entered anything into the value_if_false argument.
* The IF function can now creates an array of values that show FALSE for "not Oakland" and the actual number for"Oakland".* Because we gave the logical_test and value_if_true arguments arrays, the IF function makes an
If-Then array operation and delivers the array: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}* What we have done is to use the IF function to select from a column of numbers only the numbers that belong to
Oakland, and then "dump" them into the MIN function.* Note: The MIN function is programmed to ignore logical values, which is convenient if compared to other array
formulas that might convert FALSEs to zeros (0) and TRUEs to 1s. For example, an Array Formula like:=MIN($C$23:$C$28*($B$23:$B$28=E23))
Entering formula into cell:* Create in Edit mode: =MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12))* Because we are making an array operation and the IF function logical_test argument is not programmed
to make array calculations, we must use: Ctrl + Shift + Enter.* Formula as seen in Formula bar after we enter it with Ctrl + Shift + Enter: {=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12))}* If you do not use Ctrl + Shift + Enter you will get a #VALUE! error or a potential incorrect answer
caused by implicit intersection.Conclusion:* If you do not want to create a PivotTable and you need a formula that you can copy down a column, this Array Formula
1) =MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12="Oakland",$C$7:$C$12))
2) =MIN(IF({FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE},$C$7:$C$12))
* The logical_test argument of the IF function is expecting a single value. We have given it an array of values.3) =MIN(IF({FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE},{5;8;9;4;10;6}))
4) =MIN({FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6})
5) The formula delivers the single value 6.
is a great option.* Some people may have a hard time using and understanding Array Formulas.
9 Comparative Operators.
=<>>>=<<=
10 Standard Deviation IF: PivotTable, DSTDEV, or STDEV & IF? 1) PivotTable is easy if you don't need the data to update.Sample Times City
3.4 NY 3.4 NY City4.5 SF 4.5 SF NY6.5 SF 6.5 SF SF4.5 NY 4.5 NY Grand Total7.1 SF 7.1 SF5.9 NY 5.9 NY
2) DSTDEV is good if you have field names 3) if you don't have field names or you need to copy it down a column, use STDEV & IFS.D. City City S.D.1.2529964086 NY NY 1.2529964
SF 1.3613719
Equal: are two things equal?
Not: are two things not equal? Type less than symbol, then greater than symbol.
Greater than: is the thing on the left greater than the thing on the right?
Greater than or equal to: is the thing on the left greater than or equal to the thing on the right?
Less than: is the thing on the left less than the thing on the right?
Less than or equal to: is the thing on the left less than or equal to the thing on the right?
Array formula =MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)):1) The array operation is equating (=).2) Equating is done on an array (range of cells).3) Equating array operation and IF function help to deliver
an array of values to the MIN function.
5) Excel puts curly brackets in to indicate that this is an Array Formula.6) Formula delivers a single value.
2) An array of values created by equating operation: $B$7:$B$12=E7: {FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE}.3) An array of values created by IF function: IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12): {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}.
<= This formula won't work because FALSEs turn tozero (any math operation done on TRUE and FALSE convert them to 1 and 0).
<= IF Function has advantage of providing FALSE
* Yes, but because the criteria argument in the DMIN function requires field name andcriteria is a specific setup, it does not allow us to create a single formula and then copy it
Array Formula Rule #8
* Yes, but if you have data that will change, formulas update instantly, whereas PivotTablesArray Formula Rule #9
4) Enter with CSE because logical_test argument in the IF functioncan't handle array operations unless you use CSE.
First 2 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Arrays created by formula element:
E21:E24-D21:D24 creates: {2.73;-8.21;6.78;5.3}
* If you need a single formula that you can copy down a column and that will automatically update when formula inputs change,
* DMIN function does not allow you to copy the formula down a column. (configuration of input for criteria
* We do not want to use a PivotTable (calculations do not automatically update when source data updates).
* We put the IF function inside the MIN function so that we can select only the values for "Oakland"
* The IF function can now creates an array of values that show FALSE for "not Oakland" and the actual number for
* Because we gave the logical_test and value_if_true arguments arrays, the IF function makes an
* What we have done is to use the IF function to select from a column of numbers only the numbers that belong to
* Note: The MIN function is programmed to ignore logical values, which is convenient if compared to other arrayformulas that might convert FALSEs to zeros (0) and TRUEs to 1s. For example, an Array Formula like:
* Because we are making an array operation and the IF function logical_test argument is not programmed
* Formula as seen in Formula bar after we enter it with Ctrl + Shift + Enter: {=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12))}* If you do not use Ctrl + Shift + Enter you will get a #VALUE! error or a potential incorrect answer
* If you do not want to create a PivotTable and you need a formula that you can copy down a column, this Array Formula
logical_test argument of the IF function is expecting a single value. We have given it an array of values.
1) PivotTable is easy if you don't need the data to update.
StdDev of Sample Times1.25299641.36137191.4091369
3) if you don't have field names or you need to copy it down a column, use STDEV & IF
: are two things not equal? Type less than symbol, then greater than symbol.
: is the thing on the left greater than or equal to the thing on the right?
: is the thing on the left less than or equal to the thing on the right?
First 2 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Arrays created by formula element:
E21:E24-D21:D24 creates: {2.73;-8.21;6.78;5.3}
###* Learn about INDEX & MATCH functions on sheet (1), Example: 13.
1 Array Formula that makes "join" operation on an array.2 Formula goal: Create cross tabulated table that looks up quantity sold based on 2 lookup values.
* Constraints: 1) Can't add a helper column, 2) can't sort first column.Code L/R? Qty Qty2A35-2A36 R 35 Code L R Array formula =INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8…:2A35-2A36 L 30 2A35-2A36 30 35 1) The array operation is joining (Ampersand).2A45-2A46 L 24 2A38-2A39 30 36 2) Joining is done on an array (range of cells).2A45-2A46 R 18 2A39-2A40 36 35 3) Array operation delivers array of values to2A46-2A47 R 36 2A44-2A45 18 28 lookup_array argument in MATCH function.2A46-2A47 L 30 2A45-2A46 24 182A48-2A49 R 24 2A46-2A47 30 36 the MATCH function can't handle array operations2A44-2A45 R 28 2A48-2A49 20 242A48-2A49 L 20 5) Excel puts curly brackets in to indicate that this is array2A44-2A45 L 18 formula.2A39-2A40 L 36 6) Formula delivers a single value.2A39-2A40 R 35 Arrays in INDEX / MATCH formula.2A38-2A39 R 36 * Three types of arrays in our formula:2A38-2A39 L 30 1) Range of cells: $B$8:$B$21 and $C$8:$C$21
2) An array of values created by join operation: $B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21: 2 Arrays in INDEX formula. ==>> {"2A35-2A36|R";"2A35-2A36|L";" … "2A39-2A40|R";"2A38-2A39|R";"2A38-2A39|L"}3 Can we use DGET function?
Code L/R? Qty Code L/R? Qty2A35-2A36 R 35 2A39-2A40 L 362A35-2A36 L 302A45-2A46 L 24 *No because we need to copy the formula. The setup for the criteria argument in DGET makes it difficult to2A45-2A46 R 18 build a formula that you could copy to other cells.2A46-2A47 R 362A46-2A47 L 30 * If data is in Table Format and criteria (two lookup values) can be setup in the spreadsheet, use DGET over2A48-2A49 R 24 other "Two Lookup Values" methods because it is easier and faster calculating.2A44-2A45 R 282A48-2A49 L 202A44-2A45 L 182A39-2A40 L 362A39-2A40 R 352A38-2A39 R 362A38-2A39 L 30
4 Can we use a helper column? *Our constraint says no, but if we could, it would be a great option if we can afford the spreadsheet space.Qty Join Column Code L/R? Qty
Code L R 2A35-2A36|R 2A35-2A36 R 352A35-2A36 30 35 2A35-2A36|L 2A35-2A36 L 302A38-2A39 30 36 2A45-2A46|L 2A45-2A46 L 24
Topics Sheet
4) Enter with CSE because lookup_array argument in
unless you use CSE.
2A39-2A40 36 35 2A45-2A46|R 2A45-2A46 R 182A44-2A45 18 28 2A46-2A47|R 2A46-2A47 R 362A45-2A46 24 18 2A46-2A47|L 2A46-2A47 L 302A46-2A47 30 36 2A48-2A49|R 2A48-2A49 R 242A48-2A49 20 24 2A44-2A45|R 2A44-2A45 R 28
2A48-2A49|L 2A48-2A49 L 202A44-2A45|L 2A44-2A45 L 182A39-2A40|L 2A39-2A40 L 362A39-2A40|R 2A39-2A40 R 352A38-2A39|R 2A38-2A39 R 362A38-2A39|L 2A38-2A39 L 30
5 Calculating notes about Array Formula =INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)).Impetus for creating Array Formula:* We need to do a lookup with two lookup values.* We don't want a helper column.* DGET would not work because we need to copy the formula to other cells.Calculation Summary:
* We are performing a join operation on two ranges (arrays).* By doing so we have created an Array Formula.
* We join two lookup values in the lookup_value argument of the MATCH function.* It is a safe convention to join a character between the two lookup values and columns (in case two joined values
create a value that exists in the data set.
* We created an array of concatenated values in the lookup_array argument of MATCH.* In essence, we have simulated a helper column inside our formula.
* MATCH reports the relative position of the two joined lookup values in the joined lookup_array.* MATCH did an exact match because the 3rd argument match_type had a zero (0).
Entering formula into cell:
Conclusion:* If we are not allowed a helper column, this is a good option.* Some people may have a hard time using and understanding Array Formulas.
6calculation time, for both the helper column method and Array Formula method.
QtyCode L R2A35-2A36 30 35 2) Sort "A to Z" on Code column, second2A38-2A39 30 36 1) Sort "A to Z" on L/R column, first
1) =INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0))
2) =INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH("2A35-2A36|L",$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0))
3) =INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH("2A35-2A36|R",{"2A35-2A36|R";"2A35-2A36|L";"2A45-2A46|L"; … "2A38-2A39|L"},0))
4) =INDEX($D$8:$D$21,2)
5) The formula delivers the single value 30.
* Because the lookup_array argument in the MATCH function is not programmed to perform array calculations, we must use CSE.
If we could sort the lookup column, we could use approximate match instead of exact match lookup and decrease formula calculation time, for both the helper column method and Array Formula method.
2A39-2A40 36 352A44-2A45 18 28 Join Column Code L/R? Qty2A45-2A46 24 18 2A35-2A36|L 2A35-2A36 L 302A46-2A47 30 36 2A35-2A36|R 2A35-2A36 R 352A48-2A49 20 24 2A38-2A39|L 2A38-2A39 L 30
2A38-2A39|R 2A38-2A39 R 36Qty 2A39-2A40|L 2A39-2A40 L 36
Code L R 2A39-2A40|R 2A39-2A40 R 352A35-2A36 30 35 2A44-2A45|L 2A44-2A45 L 182A38-2A39 30 36 2A44-2A45|R 2A44-2A45 R 282A39-2A40 36 35 2A45-2A46|L 2A45-2A46 L 242A44-2A45 18 28 2A45-2A46|R 2A45-2A46 R 182A45-2A46 24 18 2A46-2A47|L 2A46-2A47 L 302A46-2A47 30 36 2A46-2A47|R 2A46-2A47 R 362A48-2A49 20 24 2A48-2A49|L 2A48-2A49 L 20
2A48-2A49|R 2A48-2A49 R 24
Code2A35-2A362A45-2A462A46-2A472A48-2A492A44-2A452A39-2A402A38-2A39
* Learn about INDEX & MATCH functions on sheet (1), Example: 13.
Array formula =INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8…:1) The array operation is joining (Ampersand).2) Joining is done on an array (range of cells).3) Array operation delivers array of values to
lookup_array argument in MATCH function.
the MATCH function can't handle array operations
5) Excel puts curly brackets in to indicate that this is array
6) Formula delivers a single value.
2) An array of values created by join operation: $B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21: {"2A35-2A36|R";"2A35-2A36|L";" … "2A39-2A40|R";"2A38-2A39|R";"2A38-2A39|L"}
*No because we need to copy the formula. The setup for the criteria argument in DGET makes it difficult to
* If data is in Table Format and criteria (two lookup values) can be setup in the spreadsheet, use DGET overother "Two Lookup Values" methods because it is easier and faster calculating.
*Our constraint says no, but if we could, it would be a great option if we can afford the spreadsheet space.
* For spreadsheets that contain manyformulas with large numbers of cellreferences & calculations, helper columns
4) Enter with CSE because lookup_array argument in
unless you use CSE.
First 3 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
can dramatically speed up formula calculation time. More later…
Calculating notes about Array Formula =INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)).
* It is a safe convention to join a character between the two lookup values and columns (in case two joined values
* MATCH reports the relative position of the two joined lookup values in the joined lookup_array.
Array Formula Rule #10
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH("2A35-2A36|R",{"2A35-2A36|R";"2A35-2A36|L";"2A45-2A46|L"; … "2A38-2A39|L"},0))
* Because the lookup_array argument in the MATCH function is not programmed to perform array calculations, we must use CSE.
If we could sort the lookup column, we could use approximate match instead of exact match lookup and decrease formula calculation time, for both the helper column method and Array Formula method.
* Approximate Match, "1" in match_type(3rd argument) of MATCH will work if yousort the lookup columns A to Z.
* Approximate Match calculates more quicklythat Exact Match (0).
* Exact Match looks through entire column(top to bottom).
* Approximate Match does a binary search(successively dividing table in half).
First 3 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
calculation time, for both the helper column method and Array Formula method.
#VALUE!
1 Array Formula that makes "function argument" array operation: function argument expects a single item, you give it more than one item.2 Formula goal: Lookup and then add all costs associated with various products listed in column ("Lookup Adding").
Date ItemSold Price Cost10/17/2012 Product 1 22 12.5 <<== Helper Column Method (see all detail).10/17/2012 Product 2 36 1910/17/2012 Product 1 22 12.5 Array Formula =SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(Cost,Product,ItemSold)):10/17/2012 Product 3 14 5.75 1) The criteria1 argument in the SUMIFS function expects a single10/17/2012 Product 2 37.5 19 value, when we give it more than one value we are performing an
Total 68.75 array operation.Lookup Table: 2) criteria1 argument operates on an array (Defined Name).Product Cost Total 68.75 3) SUMIFS function and array operation deliver an array of valuesProduct 1 12.5 to the SUMPRODUCT function.Product 2 19Product 3 5.75 Single Cell Method
(saves space) 5) Formula delivers a single value.
3 Defined Names. Create Names From Selection, including keyboard shortcuts.* Defined Names are convinient when refering to references.* Keyboards: Name Manager = Ctrl + F3. Create Names From Selection = Ctrl + Shift + F3 (can be used on non-contiguous ranges).
4 Enter multiple values into a function argument that expects a single value to create an array.* The criteria1 argument in the SUMIFS function expects a single value, when we give it more than one value we are performing an array
operation. In this case, we give it 5 criteria and so the function will deliver more than 5 answers.
5 Some function arguments that are programmed to perform array operations without requiring Ctrl + Shift + Enter (SUMPRODUCT example).* NOTE: This is the first time we have seen that some function arguments are programmed to perform array operations. Functions that can
6 Why not use SUM function instead of SUMPRODUCT?Total #VALUE!Total 68.75
* If you are adding the result of an array calculation, SUMPRODUCT function is usually better than SUM function.
* See Video #9, Example 21, Video #18, Example 2, and video 7, Example 7.
7 Calculating notes about Array Formula =SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(Cost,Product,ItemSold)).Impetus for creating Array Formula:
Topics Sheet
<<< 4) The array1 argument in SUMPRODUCT function is programmedto handle arrays & array calculations WITHOUT the keystroke CSE.
handle arrays without CSE are: SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, INDEX and AGGREGATE. More later…
SUM requires CSE.SUMPRODUCT does NOT require CSE.
* Caveat: functions like TRANSPOSE or IF (which require CSE) will trump SUMPRODUCT non-requirement to use CSE.
* There is no built-in formula for "Lookup Adding"* We did not need to see all the detail and/or we do not want to use the space in the spreadsheet for a helper column.* We wanted a single cell formula to do "Lookup Adding", or find all costs associated with the products sold.Calculation Summary:
* The SUMIFS looks up the cost for each item in the ItemsSold column, creating an array of costs.* The SUMPRODUCT adds the array of costs with having to use an special keystroke to enter the formula.* We are directly performing a criteria argument array operation with: SUMIFS(Cost,Product,ItemSold).* When you do a direct array operation, you create an Array Formula.
=SUMIFS(Cost,Product,{"Product 1";"Product 2";"Product 1";"Product 3";"Product 2"})* The SUMIFS arguments look like this: SUMIFS(sum_range,criteria_range1,criteria1)* criteria1 argument is expecting a single value.* When we give the criteria1 argument one criterion, the SUMIFS function delivers one answer.* When we give the criteria1 argument more than on criteria, the SUMIFS function is forced to deliver more
than one answer.* Our array of criteria (5 items), {"Product 1";"Product 2";"Product 1";"Product 3";"Product 2"}, will thus deliver
5 answers: one for each item given.
* The SUMIFS arguments look like this: SUMIFS(sum_range,criteria_range1,criteria1)* criteria1 argument contains 5 items (with duplicates)
* The SUMIFS arguments look like this: SUMIFS(sum_range,criteria_range1,criteria1)* For each item in the criteria1 array SUMIFS will look the item up in the criteria_range1 and take the corresponding item
from the sum_range.* The formula element, SUMIFS(Cost,Product,ItemSold), creates the array of values: {12.5;19;12.5;5.75;19}.
* SUMIFS (with a criteria argument array operation) looks up costs for each item sold and creates and array of costs.* SUMIFS is simulating what a helper column with VLOOKUP would do, but it is doing it in a single cell formula.* SUMIFS delivers the array of costs to the SUMPRODUCT function.
Entering formula into cell:* Because we use the SUMPRODUCT function instead of the SUM function to house the SUMIFS formula element, we do not need a
special keystroke to enter the formula.Conclusion:* Because we do not need to see all the details, and /or we do not want to use the space in the spreadsheet for a helper
column, this single cell solution is a great option.* We have used SUMPRODUCT and SUMIF to do "Lookup Adding".* We have seen that not all formulas that perform array calculations require CSE. In general, if a function argument is programmed to make
array calculations, you do not need a special keystroke to enter the formula.* Be sure to look at Video #10, Example 4 to see alternative to this formula.
1) =SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(Cost,Product,ItemSold))
2) Look at just what the SUMIFS formula element does:
3) =SUMIFS(Cost,{"Product 1";"Product 2";"Product 3"},{"Product 1";"Product 2";"Product 1";"Product 3";"Product 2"})
* criteria_range1 contains 3 items (all possible products) (with NO duplicates)4) =SUMIFS({12.5;19;5.75},{"Product 1";"Product 2";"Product 3"},{"Product 1";"Product 2";"Product 1";"Product 3";"Product 2"})
5) =SUMPRODUCT({12.5;19;12.5;5.75;19})
* The array1 argument in the SUMPRODUCT function is programmed to handle arrays and so it can simply add the numbers.6) The formula delivers the single value 68.75
Array Formula that makes "function argument" array operation: function argument expects a single item, you give it more than one item.Formula goal: Lookup and then add all costs associated with various products listed in column ("Lookup Adding").
<<== Helper Column Method (see all detail).
Array Formula =SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(Cost,Product,ItemSold)):1) The criteria1 argument in the SUMIFS function expects a single
value, when we give it more than one value we are performing anarray operation.
2) criteria1 argument operates on an array (Defined Name).3) SUMIFS function and array operation deliver an array of values
to the SUMPRODUCT function.
5) Formula delivers a single value.
* Keyboards: Name Manager = Ctrl + F3. Create Names From Selection = Ctrl + Shift + F3 (can be used on non-contiguous ranges).
* The criteria1 argument in the SUMIFS function expects a single value, when we give it more than one value we are performing an arrayoperation. In this case, we give it 5 criteria and so the function will deliver more than 5 answers.
Some function arguments that are programmed to perform array operations without requiring Ctrl + Shift + Enter (SUMPRODUCT example).* NOTE: This is the first time we have seen that some function arguments are programmed to perform array operations. Functions that can
* If you are adding the result of an array calculation, SUMPRODUCT function is usually better than SUM function.
Array Formula Rule #11
4) The array1 argument in SUMPRODUCT function is programmedto handle arrays & array calculations WITHOUT the keystroke CSE.
) will trump SUMPRODUCT non-requirement to use CSE.
First 4 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
* We did not need to see all the detail and/or we do not want to use the space in the spreadsheet for a helper column.* We wanted a single cell formula to do "Lookup Adding", or find all costs associated with the products sold.
* The SUMIFS looks up the cost for each item in the ItemsSold column, creating an array of costs.* The SUMPRODUCT adds the array of costs with having to use an special keystroke to enter the formula.* We are directly performing a criteria argument array operation with: SUMIFS(Cost,Product,ItemSold).
* When we give the criteria1 argument one criterion, the SUMIFS function delivers one answer.* When we give the criteria1 argument more than on criteria, the SUMIFS function is forced to deliver more
* Our array of criteria (5 items), {"Product 1";"Product 2";"Product 1";"Product 3";"Product 2"}, will thus deliver
* For each item in the criteria1 array SUMIFS will look the item up in the criteria_range1 and take the corresponding item
* The formula element, SUMIFS(Cost,Product,ItemSold), creates the array of values: {12.5;19;12.5;5.75;19}.
* SUMIFS (with a criteria argument array operation) looks up costs for each item sold and creates and array of costs.* SUMIFS is simulating what a helper column with VLOOKUP would do, but it is doing it in a single cell formula.
* Because we use the SUMPRODUCT function instead of the SUM function to house the SUMIFS formula element, we do not need a
* Because we do not need to see all the details, and /or we do not want to use the space in the spreadsheet for a helper
* We have seen that not all formulas that perform array calculations require CSE. In general, if a function argument is programmed to make
=SUMIFS(Cost,{"Product 1";"Product 2";"Product 3"},{"Product 1";"Product 2";"Product 1";"Product 3";"Product 2"})
=SUMIFS({12.5;19;5.75},{"Product 1";"Product 2";"Product 3"},{"Product 1";"Product 2";"Product 1";"Product 3";"Product 2"})
function is programmed to handle arrays and so it can simply add the numbers.
First 4 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
###
1 Formula goal: Add three lowest golf scores, excluding extra values if there is a tie for third lowest.Golfer Day 1 Day 2 Day 3Verda Duhamel 84 118 84 Array Formula =SUM(SMALL(C7:C12,{1,2,3})):Randolph Sizelove 95 72 70Rudolph Gliem 116 91 69 k argument of the SMALL function. When we do this,Shiela Hynum 101 88 87 we force SMALL to deliver more than one value.Dorris Farah 84 105 70 2) k argument operates on an array (Array Constant).Suzan Serfass 85 70 68 3) SMALL function and array operation deliver an array of values to theSum 3 Lowest w 3 SMALL functions: 253 230 207 Too long SUM function.Sum 3 Lowest (using Cell References): 253 230 207Sum 3 Lowest (using array constant): 253 230 207
5) Formula delivers a single value.Top 1 2 3
2 Arrays in the formula: =SUM(SMALL(C7:C12,{1,2,3})).* Two types of arrays in our formula:
1) Array constant: {1,2,3}2) An array of values created by the array constant and SMALL function formula element:
SMALL(C7:C12,{1,2,3}) becomes ==>> {84,84,85}
2 Array constants, syntax and rules. Array Formula Rule #12* Allow you to hard code an array of values into a formula if those values
will not change and save spreadsheet space.* Curly brackets house array.* Comma = column.* Row = semi-colon.* Text is housed in double quotes, like "Rudolph Gliem".* Numbers, errors, logical values are not in quotes.* You can convert a range of cells to an array constant by highlighting the range and hitting the F9 key.
3(Caveat: if array constant operates directly on a range of cells).
* Array constants are limited by the number of characters allowed in a formula (8,192).
4 Calculating notes about Array Formula =SUM(SMALL(C7:C12,{1,2,3})).Impetus for creating Array Formula:* There is no SUMTHREESMALLEST function.* We want to add three lowest and exclude extra values if there is a tie for third.Calculation Summary:
* The SMALL function is great for finding the 2nd or3rd smallest values like with =SMALL(C7:C12,2) or =SMALL(C7:C12,3).* The SMALL understands the array constant {1,2,3} to mean: "Please get the three smallest values".
Topics Sheet
1) The array operation is putting more than one item into
< Yes CSE 4) We do NOT need to use CSE to enter this formula because array < No CSE constants entered into formulas do not need CSE.
Array constants entered into formulas do not require the special keystroke Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
1) =SUM(SMALL(C7:C12,{1,2,3}))
* To avoid CSE we use an array constant instead of a range of cells.
* The SMALL arguments look like this: =SMALL(array,k)* When we give the k argument one number, the SMALL function delivers one answer.* When we give the k argument more than one number, the SMALL function is forced to deliver more than one answer.* Our array of 3 numbers, {1,2,3}, will thus deliver 3 answers: one for each number given.*SMALL(C7:C12,{1,2,3}) produces the array of values: {84,84,85}* Our array operation is the act of giving the k argument more than one value, which results in an array of answers.
* The SMALL formula element, SMALL(C7:C12,{1,2,3}) delivers the array, {84,84,85} to the SUM function.
* The SUM functions adds.Entering formula into cell:
Conclusion:* If we want to add the three smallest and not include duplicate values if there is a tie for third, the SUM / SMALL and array
constant option is a good one.* If our data in the array will not change, hard coding the array into the formula with an array constant is convenient because
the formula does not require CSE to make the array calculation.
5 Non-Array Formula to add three lowest sales figures, including extra values if there is a tie for third lowest.Formula goal: Add three lowest golf scores, excluding extra values if there is a tie for third lowest.Golfer Day 1 Day 2 Day 3Verda Duhamel 84 118 84Randolph Sizelove 95 72 70Rudolph Gliem 116 91 69Shiela Hynum 101 88 87Dorris Farah 84 105 70Suzan Serfass 85 70 68Add 3 smallest (exclude ties at third) 253 230 207 =SUM(SMALL(C69:C74,{1,2,3})) good to exclude tiesAdd 3 smallest (include ties at third) 253 230 277 =SUMIF(C69:C74,"<="&SMALL(C69:C74,3)) good to include ties
** Note: more on using SUMIF and SMALL when we discuss "Extracting Records From Data Sets With Criteria": Video #20, Example 9.
6 More about entering Array Formulas that use array constants into cells.* Examples of Array Formulas that use array constants that do NOT require CSE:
=SUM(SMALL(C7:C12,{1,2,3})) =OR(B94={"Rudolph Gliem";"Dorris Farah";"Verda Duhamel"}) =SUM({2,5,6}*{5,8,1})
* Examples of Array Formulas that use array constants that DO require CSE because a range of cells is involved in array calculation: =SUM({2,5,6}*{5,8,1}*Q85:S85)
* Non Array Formulas can use array constants to save spreadsheet space: =ISNUMBER(MATCH(B43,{"Rudolph Gliem";"Dorris Farah";"Verda Duhamel"},0)). See example 6 below. =VLOOKUP(B96,{"Bellen",26;"Doublers",75;"Flattop",19;"Majestic Beaut",37;"Quad",33.5;"Sunset",24;"Sunshine",17.95},2). See example 7 below.
2) Look at just what the SMALL formula element does:
2) =SUM({84,84,85})
3) The formula delivers the single value 68.75
* We do not need to use CSE because we used array constant as part of our array operation.
7 Formula to "Check Whether Item Is In List?"In Sub Group?
Golfer OR MATCH MATCH Sub GroupVerda Duhamel 1 1 1 Rudolph GliemRandolph Sizelove 0 0 0 Dorris FarahRudolph Gliem 1 1 1 Verda DuhamelShiela Hynum 0 0 0Dorris Farah 1 1 1Suzan Serfass 0 0 0 <== Best for large data sets on both fronts: formula size and formula calculating time.
* This is a classic "Check Whether Item Is In List" problem.* OR formula is an Array Formula* ISNUMBER / MATCH formula is not an Array Formula* Array constants are limited by the number of characters allowed in a formula (8,192).* For large data sets, ISNUMBER / MATCH formula calculates more quickly than OR formula.
** Note: more on using MATCH and OR Criteria later when we discuss "Formulas To Extract Records With Criteria": Video #16.
8 Non-Array Formulas can use array constants to save spreadsheet space. Example: formulas with lookup tables.Product A.C. Cells Lookup Table:Majestic Beaut 37 37 ProductQuad 33.5 33.5 BellenSunshine 17.95 17.95 DoublersBellen 26 26 FlattopQuad 33.5 33.5 Majestic BeautSunshine 17.95 17.95 QuadQuad 33.5 33.5 Sunset
Sunshine
* Array constants are limited by the number of characters allowed in a formula (8,192).
9 Array Constant can be saved as a Defined NameProduct PriceMajestic Beaut 37Quad 33.5Sunshine 17.95Bellen 26Quad 33.5Sunshine 17.95Quad 33.5
Array Formula =SUM(SMALL(C7:C12,{1,2,3})):
k argument of the SMALL function. When we do this,we force SMALL to deliver more than one value.
2) k argument operates on an array (Array Constant).3) SMALL function and array operation deliver an array of values to the
SUM function.
5) Formula delivers a single value.
* You can convert a range of cells to an array constant by highlighting the range and hitting the F9 key.
* The SMALL function is great for finding the 2nd or3rd smallest values like with =SMALL(C7:C12,2) or =SMALL(C7:C12,3).* The SMALL understands the array constant {1,2,3} to mean: "Please get the three smallest values".
1) The array operation is putting more than one item into
4) We do NOT need to use CSE to enter this formula because arrayconstants entered into formulas do not need CSE.
First 5 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
SUMPRODUCT array argument can handle array calculations, No CSE.
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
* When we give the k argument more than one number, the SMALL function is forced to deliver more than one answer.* Our array of 3 numbers, {1,2,3}, will thus deliver 3 answers: one for each number given.
* Our array operation is the act of giving the k argument more than one value, which results in an array of answers.
* The SMALL formula element, SMALL(C7:C12,{1,2,3}) delivers the array, {84,84,85} to the SUM function.
* If we want to add the three smallest and not include duplicate values if there is a tie for third, the SUM / SMALL and array
* If our data in the array will not change, hard coding the array into the formula with an array constant is convenient because
Non-Array Formula to add three lowest sales figures, including extra values if there is a tie for third lowest.
=SUM(SMALL(C69:C74,{1,2,3})) good to exclude ties =SUMIF(C69:C74,"<="&SMALL(C69:C74,3)) good to include ties
** Note: more on using SUMIF and SMALL when we discuss "Extracting Records From Data Sets With Criteria": Video #20, Example 9.
* Examples of Array Formulas that use array constants that DO require CSE because a range of cells is involved in array calculation:
=ISNUMBER(MATCH(B43,{"Rudolph Gliem";"Dorris Farah";"Verda Duhamel"},0)). See example 6 below. =VLOOKUP(B96,{"Bellen",26;"Doublers",75;"Flattop",19;"Majestic Beaut",37;"Quad",33.5;"Sunset",24;"Sunshine",17.95},2). See example 7 below.
<== Best for large data sets on both fronts: formula size and formula calculating time.
** Note: more on using MATCH and OR Criteria later when we discuss "Formulas To Extract Records With Criteria": Video #16.
Non-Array Formulas can use array constants to save spreadsheet space. Example: formulas with lookup tables. Array Formula Rule #13
Price26751937
33.524
17.95
First 5 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
SUMPRODUCT array argument can handle array calculations, No CSE.
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
1 2 1
#VALUE!
1 TRANSPOSE Array Function to deliver more than one value to more than one cell.2 Formula goal: Transpose (Link to vertical data source and show values horizontally).
Source Data 1:Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 Product 4 Array Function =TRANSPOSE(B7:E9):
151 83 168 116 1) TRANSPOSE shifts the vertical and horizontal orientation of an140 68 118 49 array and retains a link to source data.
2) Array formula because it returns more than one value.Linked and transposed: 3) For TRANSPOSE, highlight the same number of rows as there are columnsProduct 1 151 140 in the source data & the same number of columns as there are rows in source.Product 2 83 68 4) Enter Array Function with CSE (telling Excel that this is Array Formula). Product 3 168 118Product 4 116 49 Linked: 6) Excel puts curly brackets around formula to tell you that it understood
Data that this is an Array Formula.Source Data 2: 5 7) The reference B7:E9 remains B7:E9 in all cells that contain function.Data 5 6 8 6 Concept of relative and absolute does not apply.
8 8) Formula delivers more than one value.
3 TRANSPOSE and IF to avoid zeros (0). Without Zeroes:Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 Day 1 Day 2
Day 1 151 59 168 Product 1 151 140Day 2 140 68 118 Product 2 59 68
Other Array Functions in this video series:FREQUENCY Array Function in Video #17, 18MMULT in Video #19MODE.MULT in Video #22LINEST in Video #23
4 Calculating notes about Array Formula that use TRANSPOSE Array Function.Impetus for creating Array Formula:* Use when you need to shift the vertical and horizontal orientation of an array and retains a link to source data.Calculation Summary:* One step transformation from one orientation to another.Entering formula into cell:* When using TRANSPOSE function, CSE will be required; even if it is a formula element in a function argument that does not require CSE.Conclusion:* Great function when you need to shift orientation.* Remember to use CSE.* To avoid using TRANSPOSE, consider re-orienting the source data in the spreadsheet in the first place so transposing is not necessary.
5 Array Functions guidelines. Array Formula Rule #14
Topics Sheet
* Array Functions: 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
5) If you do not use CSE you get #VALUE! error.
* Array Functions: TRANSPOSE, FREQUENCY, MMULT, LINEST, MODE.MULT, and more.* Array Functions deliver an array of values (more than one value).* Because the Array Functions deliver more than one value, you must either highlight the correct number of cells before entering the
functions or use the Array Function as a formula element in a larger Array Formula that can use the valuesdelivered by the Array Function.
* Because Array Functions deliver more than one value, they are considered Array Formulas and need the special keystroke CSE.* CSE is your way of tell Excel that you are entering an Array Formula.* After you enter Array Functions with CSE, Excel puts curly brackets around the formula.* The curly brackets are Excel's way of telling you that it understood that the formula you entered is an Array Formula.* After an Array Function is entered as an array into a range of cells, structural changes such as inserting a row or column between
the array or deleting a single cell in the array is not possible. The array acts as a single unit and can not be altered.* In addition, editing can only be done if you highlight the entire array, then using the F2 key you can put the Array Function in edit
mode, make any necessary changes and then re-enter the Array Function using CSE.* The keyboard shortcut to highlight the "current array" is Ctrl + / (Forward Slash)* Concept of relative & absolute does not apply when entering Array Functions (however, if you choose to copy formula after entering, they do apply.
Array Function =TRANSPOSE(B7:E9):1) TRANSPOSE shifts the vertical and horizontal orientation of an
array and retains a link to source data.2) Array formula because it returns more than one value.3) For TRANSPOSE, highlight the same number of rows as there are columns
in the source data & the same number of columns as there are rows in source.4) Enter Array Function with CSE (telling Excel that this is Array Formula).
6) Excel puts curly brackets around formula to tell you that it understoodthat this is an Array Formula.
7) The reference B7:E9 remains B7:E9 in all cells that contain function.Concept of relative and absolute does not apply.
8) Formula delivers more than one value.
* Use when you need to shift the vertical and horizontal orientation of an array and retains a link to source data.
* When using TRANSPOSE function, CSE will be required; even if it is a formula element in a function argument that does not require CSE.
* To avoid using TRANSPOSE, consider re-orienting the source data in the spreadsheet in the first place so transposing is not necessary.
* Array Functions: 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
5) If you do not use CSE you get #VALUE! error.
First 6 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
SUMPRODUCT array argument can handle array calculations, No CSE.
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
All the formulas we have seen so far have delivered a single value. All functions so far were non-Array Functions.
* Because the Array Functions deliver more than one value, you must either highlight the correct number of cells before entering thefunctions or use the Array Function as a formula element in a larger Array Formula that can use the values
* Because Array Functions deliver more than one value, they are considered Array Formulas and need the special keystroke CSE.
* The curly brackets are Excel's way of telling you that it understood that the formula you entered is an Array Formula.* After an Array Function is entered as an array into a range of cells, structural changes such as inserting a row or column between
the array or deleting a single cell in the array is not possible. The array acts as a single unit and can not be altered.* In addition, editing can only be done if you highlight the entire array, then using the F2 key you can put the Array Function in edit
* Concept of relative & absolute does not apply when entering Array Functions (however, if you choose to copy formula after entering, they do apply.
First 6 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
SUMPRODUCT array argument can handle array calculations, No CSE.
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
All the formulas we have seen so far have delivered a single value. All functions so far were non-Array Functions.
#VALUE!
1 Array formula entered with Ctrl + Shift + Enter into more than one cell.2 Formula goal: Create numbers 1 to 10 in a range of cells so that individual values cannot be deleted.
Order Names1 Lesley Baronne <<== Structural changes such as inserting row or deleting cells are not allowed when2 Ellsworth Chanofsky Array Formula is entered into more than one cell.3 Man Gresko <<== Highlight array keyboard: Ctrl + /4 Hobert Linkon <<== The formula element =ROW(B7:B16)-ROW(B7)+1 is robust in that it will deliver5 Venice Gallegher the numbers 1 to 10 even if it is: 1) moved or 2) rows above it are inserted.6 Malcom Gunzenhauser <<== This can still be altered by highlighting entire array and editing it, then re-entering the Array Formula.7 Darell Gaviria It may be better to use the Protect Sheet feature on Review Ribbon Tab.8 Milan Malcome *Note: We will see formula elements, like =ROW(B7:B16)-ROW(B7)+1,9 Patricia Glowski in a later Array Formula video on "Extracting records and data with formulas"
10 Manual Inbody
3 Calculating notes about Array Formula: =ROW(B7:B16)-ROW(B7)+1.Impetus for creating Array Formula:* We needed the numbers 1 to 10 in cells and we wanted to prevent anyone from inserting a row in-between the names.Calculation Summary:
* ROW function tells you what row a reference is in.* We give the ROW function an array of values and so it delivers more than one value.
* We give the ROW function one value and so it delivers one value.
* Single number operations against an array means that the single operation will be done on each item in array.* {7;8;9;10;11;12;13;14;15;16}-{7} becomes {0;1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9}* 7-7 = 0, 8-7 = 1, etc.
Entering formula into cell:
Conclusion:* This formula is okay if you want to put the numbers 1 to 10 in a range and not have the cells deleted. Because the
formula can be edited and altered, it may be better to use the protect feature.* The formula element =ROW(B6:B15)-ROW(B6)+1 will deliver the numbers 1 to 10 even if the array is moved or cells are
inserted above it.
4 Notes about Array Formula entered with Ctrl + Shift + Enter into more than one cell. Array Formula Rule #15* CSE is your way of tell Excel that you are entering an Array Formula.* After you enter Array Functions with CSE, Excel puts curly brackets around the formula.* The curly brackets are Excel's way of telling you that it understood that the formula you entered is an Array Formula.
Topics Sheet
1) =ROW(B7:B16)-ROW(B7)+1
2) ={7;8;9;10;11;12;13;14;15;16}-ROW(B7)+1
3) ={7;8;9;10;11;12;13;14;15;16}-{7}+1
3) ={0;1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9}+14) The formula delivers an array of values: {1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10}
* CSE Is required.
* After an Array Formula is entered as an array into a range of cells, structural changes such as inserting a row or column betweenthe array or deleting a single cell in the array is not possible. The array acts as a single unit and can not be altered.
* In addition, editing can only be done if you highlight the entire array, then using the F2 key you can put the Array Function in editmode, make any necessary changes and then re-enter the Array Function using CSE.
* The keyboard shortcut to highlight the "current array" is Ctrl + / (Forward Slash)* Concept of relative & absolute does not apply when entering Array Formulas (if you copy formula after entering, they do apply.
23456
<<== Structural changes such as inserting row or deleting cells are not allowed when 7Array Formula is entered into more than one cell. 8
9 <<== The formula element =ROW(B7:B16)-ROW(B7)+1 is robust in that it will deliver 10
the numbers 1 to 10 even if it is: 1) moved or 2) rows above it are inserted. 11 <<== This can still be altered by highlighting entire array and editing it, then re-entering the Array Formula.
It may be better to use the Protect Sheet feature on Review Ribbon Tab.*Note: We will see formula elements, like =ROW(B7:B16)-ROW(B7)+1,
in a later Array Formula video on "Extracting records and data with formulas"
* We needed the numbers 1 to 10 in cells and we wanted to prevent anyone from inserting a row in-between the names.
* Single number operations against an array means that the single operation will be done on each item in array.
* This formula is okay if you want to put the numbers 1 to 10 in a range and not have the cells deleted. Because the
* The formula element =ROW(B6:B15)-ROW(B6)+1 will deliver the numbers 1 to 10 even if the array is moved or cells are
Array Formula Rule #15
* The curly brackets are Excel's way of telling you that it understood that the formula you entered is an Array Formula.
First 7 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
SUMPRODUCT array argument can handle array calculations, No CSE.
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
* After an Array Formula is entered as an array into a range of cells, structural changes such as inserting a row or column betweenthe array or deleting a single cell in the array is not possible. The array acts as a single unit and can not be altered.
* In addition, editing can only be done if you highlight the entire array, then using the F2 key you can put the Array Function in edit
* Concept of relative & absolute does not apply when entering Array Formulas (if you copy formula after entering, they do apply.
First 7 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
SUMPRODUCT array argument can handle array calculations, No CSE.
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
#VALUE!
1 SUMPRODUCT can be used to house a single array calculation when you need to add the result of the array calculation.2 Formula goal: single cell formula to calculate rounded total sales given units column and price per unit column.
Units Price Total100 0.225 233.63150 0.1275110 0.09 Total
60 0.0875 233.63270 0.655
3 Calculation of: =SUMPRODUCT(ROUND(B6:B10*C6:C10,2))
* B6:B10*C6:C10 is a direct operation on an array. Operation is multiplying.* Because we make an operation directly on an array, we have created an Array Formula.* B6:B10*C6:C10 creates the array: {22.5;19.125;9.9;5.25;176.85}
* The number argument in the ROUND function is expecting a single value.* When we give it more than one value to round, we are making a function argument array operation.
* ROUND({22.5;19.125;9.9;5.25;176.85},2) creates the array: {22.5;19.13;9.9;5.25;176.85}.
* Because the array argument in the SUMPRODUCT function is programmed to perform array calculations, we can us the formula
4 Multiply arrays with same dimensions and then add.
Probability of Economic State Step 1:Bad 0.5 0.02 0.5 * 0.02 = 0.01OK 0.4 0.05 0.4 * 0.05 = 0.02Great 0.1 0.1 0.1 * 0.1 = 0.01E(R) = Expected Return 0.04
* PRODUCT means to multiple and SUM means to add.* SUMPRODUCT takes to two or more arrays/ranges that are the same dimensions and 1st multiplies and then adds the results.
5 SUMPRODUCT treats array entries that are not numeric as if they were zeros.
Probability of Economic State Probability of Economic StateBad 0.5 Bad 0.5
Topics Sheet
<<< NO CSE.
<<< MUST USE CSE.
1) =SUMPRODUCT(ROUND(B6:B10*C6:C10,2))
2) =SUMPRODUCT(ROUND({22.5;19.125;9.9;5.25;176.85},2))
3) =SUMPRODUCT(ROUND({22.5;19.125;9.9;5.25;176.85},2))
4) =SUMPRODUCT({22.5;19.13;9.9;5.25;176.85})* If we had use the alternative formula: =SUM(ROUND(B80:B84*C80:C84,2)), we would have had to use CSE.
=SUMPRODUCT(ROUND(B80:B84*C80:C84,2)), and enter the formula WITHOUT CSE.5) The formula delivers the single value 233.63.
Stock A Estimated Return
* You can have 1 to 255 array arguments. The arrays must be the same dimensions (1 x 3 and 1 x 3, 4 x 1 and 4 x 1, 2 x 4 and 2 x 4, and so on).
Stock A Estimated Return
OK 0.4 0.05 OK 0.4Great 0.1 0.1 Great 0.1E(R) = Expected Return 0.03 E(R) = Expected Return
Probability of Economic State Probability of Economic StateBad 0.5 None Bad 0.5OK 0.4 0.05 OK 0.4Great 0.1 0.1 Great 0.1E(R) = Expected Return 0.03 E(R) = Expected Return
6 If you are multiplying arrays that are not the same dimension, you can use the multiplication operator *, but watch out for text entries.Weight 0.6 0.4
Probability of Economic State Probability of Economic StateBad 0.5 -0.15 BadOK 0.4 0.05 0.05 OKGreat 0.1 0.1 0.2 Great
E(R)=Expected Return 0.004
7 Excel 2003 and earlier, SUMPRODUCT great for counting and adding with more than one criteria.8 The array argument in the SUMPRODUCT function is programmed to perform array calculations without the keystroke Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
Sales Rep Project Time Sales Rep ProjectKip Project 2 15.7 Kip Project 2Marc Project 1 19.4Jo Project 2 11.9 Alternative ==>>Kip Project 2 15.2 Requires CSE ==>>Jo Project 2 22.5 Takes longer to calculate ==>>Kip Project 1 28.1 The old "SUM WIZARD add-in used to build formulas this way.Jo Project 2 18.5 See timing in workbook "AddWith2Criteria.xlsm".
9 Calculation of =SUMPRODUCT(--(B62:B68=F62),--(C62:C68=G62),D62:D68).Impetus for creating Array Formula:* We needed to add with 2 criteria in Excel 2003 or earlier.* We have a large data set with many array calculations and so we need the fastest calculating formula.Calculation Summary:
* Question: Are any equal to "Kip"?* B62:B68="Kip" is a direct array operation on an array. Operation is equating.* Because we make an operation directly on an array, we have created an Array Formula.* B62:B68="Kip" creates the array: {TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE}
* Because Excel's Order of Operations calculates Comparative Operators after the negation sign.
Stock A Estimated Return
Stock A Estimated Return
Stock B Estimated Return
1) =SUMPRODUCT(--(B62:B68="Kip"),--(C62:C68=G62),D62:D68)
* Why the parenthesis: --(B62:B68="Kip")?
2) =SUMPRODUCT(--({TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE}),--(C62:C68=G62),D62:D68)
* SUMPRODUCT cannot read the TRUEs and FALSEs.* SUMPRODUCt can read 1s and 0s.* Double Negative efficient way to convert TRUEs and FALSEs to 1s and 0s. More later in Boolean Logic Video…
* Only when there is a one times one times number do we get to add the number.* This is Boolean Multiplying for our AND Criteria. More later in Boolean Logic Video...
Entering formula into cell:
Conclusion:* If we have Excel 2003 or earlier, this is a good way to add with 2 criteria.* Using the IF function inside the SUM, like: =SUM(IF(B37:B43=F37,IF(C37:C43=G37,D37:D43))), can take longer to calculate
than using SUMPRODUCT with Double Negative.
10 Don't overuse the SUMPRODUCT function, when other functions may be more efficient (may require timing)..11 Formula goal: Count transactions in year 2012 given a column of serial number dates (criterion mismatch problem). See four methods.
12 Method 1: COUNTIF and YEAR function helper column.Date Helper Criteria Count
10/27/2012 2012 2012 22/5/2011 2011
6/28/2010 2010 =YEAR(B107)10/30/2012 2012 and11/25/2010 2010 =COUNTIF(C107:C111,E107)
* Fastest calculating of all the methods.* Requires that you add helper column (not always possible).* Works in any version of Excel.
13 Method 2: single cell non-Array Formula using COUNTIFS.Date Criteria Count
10/27/2012 2012 22/5/2011
6/28/2010 =COUNTIFS(B118:B122,">=1/1/"&E118,B118:B122,"<=12/31/"&E118)10/30/201211/25/2010 * Fastest calculating of single cell formulas.
* Works only in Excel 2007 or later.* Notice that the criteria: ">=1/1/"&E118 has:
1) Text in double quotes, including comparative operator.2) Ampersand to join text to year.3) ">=1/1/"&E118 evaluates to: ">=1/1/2012", criteria in quotes is required by the COUNTIFS function.
3) =SUMPRODUCT({1;0;0;1;0;0;0},--(C62:C68=G62),D62:D68)4) =SUMPRODUCT({1;0;0;1;0;0;0}=,--(C62:C68="Project 2"),D62:D68)5) =SUMPRODUCT({1;0;0;1;0;0;0},--({TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE}),D62:D68)6) =SUMPRODUCT({1;0;0;1;0;0;0},{1;0;1;1;1;0;1},D62:D68)7) =SUMPRODUCT({1;0;0;1;0;0;0},{1;0;1;1;1;0;1},{15.7;19.4;11.9;15.2;22.5;28.1;18.5})
8) =SUMPRODUCT({15.7;0;0;15.2;0;0;0})9) The formula delivers the single value 30.9.
* SUMPRODUCT array1 argument is programmed to make array calculations and so we do not need to use the special keystroke, CSE.
* Does not require CSE.
4) This is inclusive BETWEEN Criteria: greater than or equal to 1st of year AND less than or equal to last day of year.
14 Method 3: single cell Array Formula using SUMPRODUCT, YEAR and Double Negative.Date Criteria Count
10/27/2012 2012 22/5/2011
6/28/2010 =SUMPRODUCT(--(YEAR(B132:B136)=E132))10/30/201211/25/2010 * Slower calculating than COUNTIFS.
* Works Before Excel 2007.* Does not require helper column.Calculation Summary:
* Date serial numbers
* YEAR function converts serial numbers to years.* YEAR makes a function argument array calculation.
* SUMPRODUCT cannot read the TRUEs and FALSEs.* SUMPRODUCt can read 1s and 0s.* Double Negative efficient way to convert TRUEs and FALSEs to 1s and 0s. More later in Boolean Logic Video…
15 Method 4: single cell Array Formula using SUM, YEAR and IF function.Date Criteria Count
10/27/2012 2012 22/5/2011
6/28/2010 =SUM(IF(YEAR(B155:B159)=E155,1))10/30/201211/25/2010 * Slower calculating than COUNTIFS.
16 SUMPRODUCT can handle external references when external workbook is closed, but COUNTIFS can not: 4 examples.Criteria Count
2012 =SUMPRODUCT(--(YEAR([DatesExternalData.xlsx]Dates'!$A$2:$A$6)=B163)) =SUMPRODUCT(--(YEAR([DatesExternalData.xlsx]Dates!$A$2:$A$6)=B163))
Criteria Count2012 =COUNTIF([DatesExternalData.xlsx]Dates'!$B$2:$B$6,B168)
=COUNTIF([DatesExternalData.xlsx]Dates!$B$2:$B$6,B168)
Criteria Count
* Does not require CSE.
1) =SUMPRODUCT(--(YEAR(B132:B136)=E132)) 2) =SUMPRODUCT(--(YEAR({41209;40579;40357;41212;40507})=E132))
3) =SUMPRODUCT(--({2012;2011;2010;2012;2010}=E132))
4) =SUMPRODUCT(--({TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE}))
5) =SUMPRODUCT({1;0;0;1;0})6) The formula delivers the single value 2.
* Requires CSE.
* SUMPRODUCT solution works when external workbook closed.
* COUNTIF and helper column in external workbook solution does not work when external workbook closed.
2012 =COUNTIFS([DatesExternalData.xlsx]Dates'!$A$2:$A$6,">=1/1/"&B173,[DatesExternalData.xlsx]Dates'!$A$2:$A$6,"<=12/31/"&B173) =COUNTIFS([DatesExternalData.xlsx]Dates!$A$2:$A$6,">=1/1/"&B173,[DatesExternalData.xlsx]Dates!$A$2:$A$6,"<=12/31/"&B173)
Criteria Count2012 =[DatesExternalData.xlsx]Dates'!$E$2 <<== Took out file path and put spaces before equal sign to get rid of workbook reference to author's computer.
=[DatesExternalData.xlsx]Dates!$E$2
17 8 Methods for counting years from serial dates:1 Helper column and COUNTIF. Fastest, but requires a helper column.2 COUNTIFS with Jan 1 and Dec 31 criteria. Fastest calculating for single cell, but requires Excel 2007 or later.3 SUMPRODUCT and YEAR. Slow calculating, but works before Excel 2007 and handles external workbook references.4 SUM & IF. Slow calculating and works before Excel 2007 and handles external workbook references.5 Workbook Reference with COUNTIF formula in source data file. Use if you can have formula in source file.6 Filter by year and SUBTOTAL with counting, function 102. Not automatic if criteria changes.7 Excel Table feature and Totals Row for counting. Not automatic if criteria changes.8 PivotTable, Date in Row Labels, Group by Year, Drop Dates in Values area. Not automatic if criteria changes.
18 If you use SUMPRODUCT to house array calculation, pick function for array calculation carefully: may require timing.19 Formula to count with year & month criteria that is mismatched against serial number data (3 examples).
Date Sales Criteria 1 Criteria 210/27/2012 $5,012 2012 Oct 0
10/5/2012 $6,523 2012 Nov 012/28/2011 $1,589 2011 Oct 010/30/2012 $2,489 2011 Nov 010/25/2011 $5,789 Slowest11/26/2011 $5,79011/27/2011 $5,791 * See timing results in workbook: "Years Timing.xlsm", sheet "Month&Year".
Fastest: =COUNTIFS($B$195:$B$201,">=1"&F195&E195,$B$195:$B$201,"<="&EOMONTH(1&F195&E195,0))* Similar to example 13 above, except we have used EOMONTH function to account for the fact that each month has a different numbers days.* EOMONTH is a standard function in 2007 or later versions.* In Excel 2003 or earlier, EOMONTH was added by: Tools, Add-in, Data Analysis Toolpak.
Slow: =SUMPRODUCT(--(MONTH($B$195:$B$201)&YEAR($B$195:$B$201)=MONTH(1&F195)&E195))* Even though we have to use 4 functions it is faster than the SUMPRODUCT / TEXT 2-function formula.
Slowest: =SUMPRODUCT(--(TEXT($B$195:$B$201,"mmmyyy")=F195&E195))* TEXT formats the whole column of serial numbers with a number format and converts the numbers to text so we can match against criteria.
Array Formula Rule #1620 Selecting most efficient functions for Array Formula can reduced calculation time (may require timing).
21 IF Function's requirement to use Ctrl + Shift + Enter trumps other functions requirement to NOT use Ctrl + Shift + Enter, ALWAYS.Formula goal: Calculate maximum stock value change.
* COUNTIFS solution does not work when external workbook closed.
* COUNTIF in external workbook and simple workbook reference in this workbook solution works when external workbook closed.
SUMPRODUCT & TEXT
Stock Date Open Close CriteriaGOOG 10/1/12 759.05 761.78 JJQ1GOOG 10/2/12 765.2 756.99 MaxJJQ1 10/1/12 25.1 26.05 1.5JJQ1 10/2/12 26.15 27.65 * Housing IF in SUMPRODUCT to avoid CSE won't work becauseGOOG 10/3/12 755.72 762.5 IF's requirement to use CSE trumps SUMPRODUCT's to not use CSE.JJQ1 10/3/12 27.6 26.95 Max
1.5
Array Formula Rule #11See other examples in Video #18, Example 2 and Video #9, Example 21.
SUMPRODUCT can be used to house a single array calculation when you need to add the result of the array calculation.Formula goal: single cell formula to calculate rounded total sales given units column and price per unit column.
=SUMPRODUCT(ROUND(B6:B10*C6:C10,2))
=SUM(ROUND(B6:B10*C6:C10,2))
* Because we make an operation directly on an array, we have created an Array Formula.
* When we give it more than one value to round, we are making a function argument array operation.
* ROUND({22.5;19.125;9.9;5.25;176.85},2) creates the array: {22.5;19.13;9.9;5.25;176.85}.
* Because the array argument in the SUMPRODUCT function is programmed to perform array calculations, we can us the formula
Step 2:0.01 + 0.02 + 0.01 = 0.04
* SUMPRODUCT takes to two or more arrays/ranges that are the same dimensions and 1st multiplies and then adds the results.
0
* If we had use the alternative formula: =SUM(ROUND(B80:B84*C80:C84,2)), we would have had to use CSE.
=SUMPRODUCT(ROUND(B80:B84*C80:C84,2)), and enter the formula WITHOUT CSE.
arguments. The arrays must be the same dimensions (1 x 3 and 1 x 3, 4 x 1 and 4 x 1, 2 x 4 and 2 x 4, and so on).
Stock A Estimated Return
First 8 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
SUMPRODUCT array argument can handle array calculations, No CSE.
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE.
0.050.1
0.03
00.05
0.10.03
If you are multiplying arrays that are not the same dimension, you can use the multiplication operator *, but watch out for text entries.Weight 0.6 0.4
Probability of Economic State0.5 None -0.150.4 0.05 0.050.1 0.1 0.2
E(R) = Expected Return #VALUE!
Excel 2003 and earlier, SUMPRODUCT great for counting and adding with more than one criteria.The array argument in the SUMPRODUCT function is programmed to perform array calculations without the keystroke Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
Total Time (add)30.9 30.9
Total Time (add)30.9
The old "SUM WIZARD add-in used to build formulas this way.See timing in workbook "AddWith2Criteria.xlsm".
* We have a large data set with many array calculations and so we need the fastest calculating formula.
* Because we make an operation directly on an array, we have created an Array Formula.
* Because Excel's Order of Operations calculates Comparative Operators after the negation sign.
Stock A Estimated Return
Stock A Estimated Return
Stock B Estimated Return
}),--(C62:C68=G62),D62:D68)
* Double Negative efficient way to convert TRUEs and FALSEs to 1s and 0s. More later in Boolean Logic Video…
* Using the IF function inside the SUM, like: =SUM(IF(B37:B43=F37,IF(C37:C43=G37,D37:D43))), can take longer to calculate
Don't overuse the SUMPRODUCT function, when other functions may be more efficient (may require timing)..Formula goal: Count transactions in year 2012 given a column of serial number dates (criterion mismatch problem). See four methods.
* See timing workbook: "Years Timing.xlsm", sheet "Count".
* Requires that you add helper column (not always possible).
* See timing workbook: "Years Timing.xlsm", sheet "Count".
=COUNTIFS(B118:B122,">=1/1/"&E118,B118:B122,"<=12/31/"&E118)
1) Text in double quotes, including comparative operator.
3) ">=1/1/"&E118 evaluates to: ">=1/1/2012", criteria in quotes is required by the COUNTIFS function.
* SUMPRODUCT array1 argument is programmed to make array calculations and so we do not need to use the special keystroke, CSE.
4) This is inclusive BETWEEN Criteria: greater than or equal to 1st of year AND less than or equal to last day of year.
* See timing workbook: "Years Timing.xlsm", sheet "Count".
* Double Negative efficient way to convert TRUEs and FALSEs to 1s and 0s. More later in Boolean Logic Video…
* See timing workbook: "Years Timing.xlsm", sheet "Count".
SUMPRODUCT can handle external references when external workbook is closed, but COUNTIFS can not: 4 examples.
=SUMPRODUCT(--(YEAR([DatesExternalData.xlsx]Dates'!$A$2:$A$6)=B163)) <<== Took out file path and put spaces before equal sign to get rid of workbook reference to author's computer.
<<== Took out file path and put spaces before equal sign to get rid of workbook reference to author's computer.
{41209;40579;40357;41212;40507})=E132))
does not work when external workbook closed.
=COUNTIFS([DatesExternalData.xlsx]Dates'!$A$2:$A$6,">=1/1/"&B173,[DatesExternalData.xlsx]Dates'!$A$2:$A$6,"<=12/31/"&B173) =COUNTIFS([DatesExternalData.xlsx]Dates!$A$2:$A$6,">=1/1/"&B173,[DatesExternalData.xlsx]Dates!$A$2:$A$6,"<=12/31/"&B173)
<<== Took out file path and put spaces before equal sign to get rid of workbook reference to author's computer.
COUNTIFS with Jan 1 and Dec 31 criteria. Fastest calculating for single cell, but requires Excel 2007 or later.SUMPRODUCT and YEAR. Slow calculating, but works before Excel 2007 and handles external workbook references.SUM & IF. Slow calculating and works before Excel 2007 and handles external workbook references.Workbook Reference with COUNTIF formula in source data file. Use if you can have formula in source file.Filter by year and SUBTOTAL with counting, function 102. Not automatic if criteria changes.Excel Table feature and Totals Row for counting. Not automatic if criteria changes.PivotTable, Date in Row Labels, Group by Year, Drop Dates in Values area. Not automatic if criteria changes.
If you use SUMPRODUCT to house array calculation, pick function for array calculation carefully: may require timing.Formula to count with year & month criteria that is mismatched against serial number data (3 examples).
#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!
Slow Fast!
* See timing results in workbook: "Years Timing.xlsm", sheet "Month&Year".
Fastest: =COUNTIFS($B$195:$B$201,">=1"&F195&E195,$B$195:$B$201,"<="&EOMONTH(1&F195&E195,0))* Similar to example 13 above, except we have used EOMONTH function to account for the fact that each month has a different numbers days.
* In Excel 2003 or earlier, EOMONTH was added by: Tools, Add-in, Data Analysis Toolpak.Slow: =SUMPRODUCT(--(MONTH($B$195:$B$201)&YEAR($B$195:$B$201)=MONTH(1&F195)&E195))
* Even though we have to use 4 functions it is faster than the SUMPRODUCT / TEXT 2-function formula.
* TEXT formats the whole column of serial numbers with a number format and converts the numbers to text so we can match against criteria.
Selecting most efficient functions for Array Formula can reduced calculation time (may require timing).
IF Function's requirement to use Ctrl + Shift + Enter trumps other functions requirement to NOT use Ctrl + Shift + Enter, ALWAYS.
COUNTIF in external workbook and simple workbook reference in this workbook solution works when external workbook closed.
SUMPRODUCT & YEAR & MONTH
COUNTIFS & EOMONTH
* Housing IF in SUMPRODUCT to avoid CSE won't work becauseIF's requirement to use CSE trumps SUMPRODUCT's to not use CSE.
Array Formula Rule #11See other examples in Video #18, Example 2 and Video #9, Example 21.
First 8 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
SUMPRODUCT array argument can handle array calculations, No CSE.
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE.
Sales Rep ProjectJo Project 1Kip Project 2Marc
<<== Took out file path and put spaces before equal sign to get rid of workbook reference to author's computer.
<<== Took out file path and put spaces before equal sign to get rid of workbook reference to author's computer.
#VALUE!
1 LOOKUP function parameters.* Approximate Match only* If you sort your column you can trick it into doing Exact Match
* Table taller or equal to width, does vertical lookup* Always retrieves value from last column if table taller than wide or the same width and hieght.* Table wider than tall, does horizontal lookup* Always retrieves value from last row if table wider than tall.
* Has lookup range argument (lookup_vector) and a separate range with values you would like to retrieve (result_vector).
2 lookup_vector and result_vector arguments can perform array calculations without Ctrl + Shift + Enter.3 "Lookup Adding" with LOOKUP function lookup_value argument containing an array.4 Formula goal: Lookup and then add all costs associated with various products.
Date ItemSold Price * Same Example we saw back in Video #5.10/17/2012 Product 1 22 Total Revenue 131.510/17/2012 Product 2 36 Total Costs 68.7510/17/2012 Product 1 22 Formula from Video #5: =SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(C26:C28,B26:B28,C18:C22))10/17/2012 Product 3 14 * Advantage is that it can do sorted or non sorted ranges (Product range).10/17/2012 Product 2 37.5
Total Costs 68.75Lookup Table:Product Cost * LOOKUP(C18:C22,B26:C28) creates the array: {12.5;19;12.5;5.75;19}.Product 1 12.5 * Because LOOKUP is creating an array, if we used SUM instead of SUMPRODUCT,Product 2 19Product 3 5.75 * Advantage is that it is faster calculating (important for spreadsheets that contain
many formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations).* If Product range is not sorted, LOOKUP will not work.* See timing results in workbook: LookupAddingTiming.xlsm, sheet "Month&Year".
5 Formula goal: Lookup multiple sales numbers to return multiple commisions earned, then add.Sales Commission Table
$5,480.00 Sales Hurdle$8,868.00 0 0
$12,231.00 500 25$1,050.00 1500 100$7,509.00 3000 225
5000 500Total 10000 1600
3125* More typical example where table would automatically be sorted.
Topics Sheet
* With =LOOKUP(lookup_value,array) it will do:
* With =LOOKUP(lookup_value,lookup_vector,result_vector) it will do:
lookup_value argument contains the array: =SUMPRODUCT(LOOKUP(C18:C22,B26:C28))
we would have to use CSE.
Amount of Bonus
6 Lookup Last item (number or text) in list with LOOKUP function lookup_vector argument containing an array.
Date Data11/26/2012 $22.00 Rad 12/1/1211/27/2012 none11/28/201211/29/2012 45 * 1/(C47:C52<>"") creates the array: {1;1;#DIV/0!;1;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!}11/30/2012 * With Approximate Match, if the lookup_value is bigger than any values in the lookup_vector, it finds last.
12/1/2012 Rad
7 Calculate Project Payback Period with LOOKUP function result_vector argument containing an array.
Period Cash Flow0 -$200 -$2001 $105 -$952 $65 -$303 $70 $404 $30 $705 $30 $1006 $30 $130
RRR 0.175NPV $20.13IRR 0.22550478Payback 2.428571429Payback 2.428571429
* =IF(SUM(C57:C62)<-C56,"Never",LOOKUP(0,D56:D62,B56:B62-D56:D62/C57:C62))* Learned this formula from Barry Houdini at the Mr Excel Message Board.
Lookup Last Data
Lookup Last Date
* lookup_vector argument contains the array: =LOOKUP(2,1/(C47:C52<>""),C47:C52)
Cumulative Cash Flow
* result_vector contains the array: =LOOKUP(0,D56:D62,B56:B62-D56:D62/C57:C62)
* Always retrieves value from last column if table taller than wide or the same width and hieght.
* Has lookup range argument (lookup_vector) and a separate range with values you would like to retrieve (result_vector).
lookup_vector and result_vector arguments can perform array calculations without Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
* Same Example we saw back in Video #5.
Formula from Video #5: =SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(C26:C28,B26:B28,C18:C22))* Advantage is that it can do sorted or non sorted ranges (Product range).
* LOOKUP(C18:C22,B26:C28) creates the array: {12.5;19;12.5;5.75;19}.* Because LOOKUP is creating an array, if we used SUM instead of SUMPRODUCT,
* Advantage is that it is faster calculating (important for spreadsheets that containmany formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations).
* If Product range is not sorted, LOOKUP will not work.* See timing results in workbook: LookupAddingTiming.xlsm, sheet "Month&Year".
argument contains the array: =SUMPRODUCT(LOOKUP(C18:C22,B26:C28))
First 9 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE. Functions can handle arrays without CSE: SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, INDEX and AGGREGATE.
Lookup Last item (number or text) in list with LOOKUP function lookup_vector argument containing an array.
* more about "get last" in video #13.
* 1/(C47:C52<>"") creates the array: {1;1;#DIV/0!;1;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!}* With Approximate Match, if the lookup_value is bigger than any values in the lookup_vector, it finds last.
Calculate Project Payback Period with LOOKUP function result_vector argument containing an array.
argument contains the array: =LOOKUP(2,1/(C47:C52<>""),C47:C52)
First 9 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE. Functions can handle arrays without CSE: SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, INDEX and AGGREGATE.
First 9 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE. Functions can handle arrays without CSE: SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, INDEX and AGGREGATE.
#VALUE!
1 List of function arguments that can perform array calculations without Ctrl + Shift + Enter.* Some functions such as AGGREGATE, INDEX, LOOKUP, and SUMPRODUCT can handle array calculations without using Ctrl + Shift + Enter.* The following arguments can handle arrays:
2 SUMPRODUCT example.3 Formula goal: single cell formula to calculate total savings from budget and actual column
Budgeted Actual Total Savings500 495 205
1525 1600790 715 Total Savings360 315 205980 825
4 LOOKUP example.5 Formula goal: Lookup last transaction for each city.
Date City Customer Sales10/28/2012 Seattle PCC $2,926 10/28/2012 Puyallup QFC $1,725 10/28/2012 Sumner PCC $7,576 10/28/2012 Sumner QFC $7,234 10/28/2012 Seattle FW $10,761 10/28/2012 Puyallup FW $3,252 10/28/2012 Puyallup PCC $9,036
City Customer SalesPuyallup PCC $9,036 Seattle FW $10,761 Sumner QFC $7,234 * See timing calculations in workbook: "LastWithCriterionLookupTiming.xlsm"
City Customer SalesPuyallup QFC $1,725 * The default lookup type for MATCH is "Approximate Match" which means if theSeattle PCC $2,926 lookup_value is bigger than any value in the array, it will take the last number.Sumner QFC $7,234 * We use 2 as the lookup_value because it will be bigger than any other number
MATCH delivers "relative position of an item in a list (array).
6 Calculating notes about Array Formula =LOOKUP(2,1/($C$23:$C$29=$B32),D$23:D$29).Impetus for creating Array Formula:* We need to retrieve the last record for each city.* There is no built-in function to lookup last given one criteria.* We want to avoid having to use CSE, so we choose the LOOKUP function.* LOOKUP is great because it has two separate arrays: one to lookup the item up (lookup_vector) and a second that contains the values you want to
Topics Sheet
1) The array argument in AGGREGATE for functions 14 to 192) The array argument in INDEX3) lookup_vector and result_vector arguments in the LOOKUP function.4) The array_1, array_2, etc. arguments in SUMPRODUCT
*LOOKUP: about same calculation time, does not require CSE.
* INDEX and MATCH: about same calculation time, DOES require CSE.
Calculation Summary:
* LOOKUP is great because it will ignore errors in an array.
* We use 2 as the lookup_value because it will be bigger than any other number* The only lookup that LOOKUP can do is "Approximate Match" which means if the lookup_value is bigger than any value in array,
it will take last number.
* The two first argument combine to determine position of item in result_vector that we would like to return.
Entering formula into cell:* Do not need CSE for this Array Formula because all three arguments of LOOKUP function can perform array calculations.Conclusion:
7 INDEX example.8 Formula goal: Create cross tabulated table that looks up quantity sold based on 2 lookup values.
Code L/R? Qty Qty2A35-2A36 R 35 Code L2A35-2A36 L 30 2A35-2A36 302A45-2A46 L 24 2A38-2A39 302A45-2A46 R 18 2A39-2A40 362A46-2A47 R 36 2A44-2A45 182A46-2A47 L 30 2A45-2A46 242A48-2A49 R 24 2A46-2A47 302A44-2A45 R 28 2A48-2A49 202A48-2A49 L 202A44-2A45 L 18 * By putting the array join calculation, $B$72:$B$85&" | "&$C$72:$C$85,2A39-2A40 L 36 into the array argument of the INDEX function and leaving the row_num2A39-2A40 R 35 argument empty (that says "give me all the rows"), INDEX will deliver2A38-2A39 R 36 the result of our array calculation to the formula without requiring CSE.2A38-2A39 L 30 * See Video #22 Example 6 for another great use of INDEX array argument.
9 Calculating notes about Array Formula =INDEX($D$72:$D$85,MATCH($F73&" | "&G$72,INDEX($B$72:$B$85&" | "&$C$72:$C$85,),0)).Impetus for creating Array Formula:* We wanted to make the same formula as in Video #4, but we did not want to use CSE.Calculation Summary:
* We put join array calculation inside INDEX
* We put it in the array argument of INDEX because this argument can perform array calculations without using CSE.* Because we need the entire column of values (all the rows) in our formula, we leave the row_num argument in INDEX empty
return to the cell (result_vector). The full function: =LOOKUP(lookup_value,lookup_vector,result_vector)
1) =LOOKUP(2,1/($C$23:$C$29="Puyallup"),D$23:D$29)2) =LOOKUP(2,1/({FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE}),D$23:D$29)3) =LOOKUP(2,1/{FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE},D$23:D$29)4) =LOOKUP(2,{#DIV/0!;1;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;1;1},D$23:D$29)
5) =LOOKUP(2,{#DIV/0!;1;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;1;1},D$23:D$29)
6) =LOOKUP("take 7th item",{"PCC";"QFC";"PCC";"QFC";"FW";"FW";"PCC"})
7) The formula delivers the single value "PCC"
* Because there is no built-in function to retrieve the last record given a criterion we chose the LOOKUP formula so that we did not have to use CSE.
*This is same formula as Video 4, except we will change one element in our formula to help us avoid CSE.
1) =INDEX($D$72:$D$85,MATCH($F73&" | "&G$72,INDEX($B$72:$B$85&" | "&$C$72:$C$85,),0))
* An array operation like this requires CSE.
to instruct INDEX (lookup function) to return "all the rows of data", or the entire column.* In this way we have "placed" our join array operation result in our formula without having to use CSE.* This is a way to "trick" the formula and not have to use CSE.* This means that our formula has to run an extra INDEX function when calculating. This is unnecessary if only we had not
been afraid to use CSE. But if you REALLY do not want to have to use CSE, then this formula may be what you want.Entering formula into cell:
Conclusion:* We have tricked our formula into not requiring CSE, but it means that when the formula is calculated, an extra INDEX function must run.* See video 22, Example 6 for another use of the array argument in INDEX to avoid CSE.
10 AGGREGATE example.11 Formula goal: List three fastest times for each racer. (SMALL function with one criteria)
Racer Time (s) Racer 1 2Isaac 50.3 Caden #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Caden 49.4 Christophe #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Christophe 47.9 Isaac #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Isaac 49.5Isaac 50.9 Racer 1 2Caden 50.8 Caden 48.6 49.4Caden 48.6 Christophe 47.9 49.6Christophe 49.7 Isaac 49.5 50.2Caden 51.1Christophe 49.6 =AGGREGATE(15,6,$C$110:$C$121/($B$110:$B$121=$E110),F$109)Christophe 50.3Isaac 50.2 * The function_num argument allows us to select 1-19 functions; 14-19 can handle array calculations.
* Using 6 in the options argument forces the function to ignore errors (#DIV/0! Error)If we use multiply: #VALUE! * Array formula because we are making a comparative operation and a division operation on an array.
* Array calculation, $C$110:$C$121/($B$110:$B$121=$E110) produces the array:{#DIV/0!;49.4;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;50.8;48.6;#DIV/0!;51.1;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!}
* The array calculation is used to isolate just the values you would like to "dump" into the AGGREGATE function.
=SMALL(IF($B$110:$B$121=$E115,$C$110:$C$121),F$114)* SMALL function calculation with one criteria.* Array formula because we are making a comparative operation on an array.* Array calculation, IF($B$110:$B$121=$E115,$C$110:$C$121) produces the array:
{FALSE;49.4;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;50.8;48.6;FALSE;51.1;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE}* The IF Function is used to isolate just the values you would like to "dump" into the SMALL function.
12 Calculating notes about Array Formula =AGGREGATE(15,6,$C$110:$C$121/($B$110:$B$121=$E110),F$109).Impetus for creating Array Formula:* We need an automatic way to report the three smallest values for each racer anytime we type times into our template.* AGGREGATE is nice because we can build an array calculation for the SMALL function without requiring the keystroke CSE.Calculation Summary:
* Comparative operation is our method of getting a TRUE when the criterion is matched.
* Excel Order of Precedence: comparative operations last, so must put in parenthesis to force comparative operation to calculate before division.
* No CSE because of the extra INDEX function. No CSE because the array argument in INDEX can perform array calculations without using CSE.
* SMALL function calculation with one criteria: BUT we use AGGREGATE with a 15.
1) =AGGREGATE(15,6,$C$110:$C$121/($B$110:$B$121=$E110),F$109)
2) =AGGREGATE(15,6,$C$110:$C$121/($B$110:$B$121=$E110),F$109)
* ($B$110:$B$121=$E110) creates the array: {FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE}* Any math operation on a TRUEs and FALSEs convert them to 1s and 0s.* Any number divided by zero is a #DIV/0! Error.
* $C$110:$C$121/($B$110:$B$121=$E110) creates the array:{#DIV/0!;49.4;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;50.8;48.6;#DIV/0!;51.1;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!}
* Notice that if we had used multiplication, FALSEs would have turned to 0s, and SMALL function would have selected 0s instead of the smallesttimes.
* Division helps us to isolate on the values that match our criteria
Entering formula into cell:
Conclusion:* AGGREGATE is nice because we can build an array calculation for the SMALL function without requiring the keystroke CSE.
13 Details about AGGREGATE function.* An aggregate function is a function that returns a single value from a collection of input values.* AGGREGATE function - two types:
* In comparision, SUBTOTAL function only has 11 functions* If the formula requires a second argument and you don't provide it, you get an #VALUE! Error (like SMALL without the k argument.* The AGGREGATE function is designed for columns of data, or vertical ranges. It is not designed for rows of data, or horizontal ranges.
* For example, when you subtotal a horizontal range using option 1, such as AGGREGATE(1, 1, ref1), hiding a columndoes not affect the aggregate sum value. But, hiding a row in vertical range does affect the aggregate.
* If you use 3-D cell references, you get an #VALUE!
1st argument 2nd argumentfunction_num Function option what it does
1 AVERAGE 0 Ignore nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functions2 COUNT 1 Ignore hidden rows, nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functions3 COUNTA 2 Ignore error values, nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functions4 MAX 3 Ignore hidden rows, error values, nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functions5 MIN 4 Ignore nothing6 PRODUCT 5 Ignore hidden rows7 STDDEV.S 6 Ignore error values8 STDDEV.P 7 Ignore hidden rows and error values9 SUM
10 VAR.S11 VAR.P
3) =AGGREGATE(15,6,$C$110:$C$121/{FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE},F$109)
4) =AGGREGATE(15,6,{#DIV/0!;49.4;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;50.8;48.6;#DIV/0!;51.1;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!},F$160)
* $C$110:$C$121*($B$110:$B$121=$E110) would become: {0;49.4;0;0;0;50.8;48.6;0;51.1;0;0;0}.
* The 6 tells the formula to ignore #DIV/0! Errors* The 15 tells the function to make a SMALL calculation (1st smallest, second smallest, etc.).
5) The formula delivers the single value 48.6
CSE is not required because the array argument of the AGGREGATE function can handle array calculations for functions 14 to 19.
1) =AGGREGATE(function_num,option,array,[k]), functions 14 - 19 can handle arrays2) =AGGREGATE(function_num,option,ref1,ref2,[ref3]), not for arrays
12 MEDIAN13 MODE.SNGL14 LARGE15 SMALL16 PERCENTILE.INC17 QUARTILE.INC18 PERCENTILE.EXC19 QUARTILE.EXC
14 For more examples of SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, INDEX or AGGREGATE functions see these excelisfun YouTube Playlists.
SUMPRODUCT:
LOOKUP:
INDEX and MATCH:
AGGREGATE
Excel Magic Trick 777: SUMPRODUCT Function -- Basics To Advanced (14 Examples)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxpeEf8MYaY
Excel Magic Trick 777.5: SUMPRODUCT Function OR Criteria, 2 Tips: TRUE+FALSE & TRUE+TRUEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBGN0MbNuzM
Excel Magic Trick 777.75: SUMPRODUCT Solves: SUMIF Won't Calculate From Closed Workbookhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H40-xBVtl-Q
LOOKUP function Beginner to Advanced 23 Examples (Excel VLOOKUP WEEK Video #2)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N24cBM-CTw4
INDEX & MATCH functions Beginner to Advanced 19 Examples (Excel VLOOKUP WEEK Video #3)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-8D2G0y9EM
Excel 2010 AGGREGATE Functionhttp://www.youtube.com/course?list=EC95781BFAAB4162C0
#VALUE!
Array Formula Rule #17* Some functions such as AGGREGATE, INDEX, LOOKUP, and SUMPRODUCT can handle array calculations without using Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
What would happen if we did not have #DIV/0!:PCC 9036PCC 9036PCC 9036
* See timing calculations in workbook: "LastWithCriterionLookupTiming.xlsm"
* The default lookup type for MATCH is "Approximate Match" which means if thelookup_value is bigger than any value in the array, it will take the last number.
* We use 2 as the lookup_value because it will be bigger than any other numberMATCH delivers "relative position of an item in a list (array).
* LOOKUP is great because it has two separate arrays: one to lookup the item up (lookup_vector) and a second that contains the values you want to
<<== =SUMPRODUCT(B14:B18-C14:C18), no CSE.
<<== =SUM(B14:B18-C14:C18), requires CSE.
about same calculation time, does not require CSE.
about same calculation time, DOES require CSE.
First 10 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE. Functions can handle arrays without CSE: SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, INDEX and AGGREGATE.
* The only lookup that LOOKUP can do is "Approximate Match" which means if the lookup_value is bigger than any value in array,
* The two first argument combine to determine position of item in result_vector that we would like to return.
* Do not need CSE for this Array Formula because all three arguments of LOOKUP function can perform array calculations.
QtyR
35 * Learn about INDEX & MATCH functions on sheet (1), Example: 13.363528183624
* By putting the array join calculation, $B$72:$B$85&" | "&$C$72:$C$85,into the array argument of the INDEX function and leaving the row_numargument empty (that says "give me all the rows"), INDEX will deliverthe result of our array calculation to the formula without requiring CSE.* See Video #22 Example 6 for another great use of INDEX array argument.
Calculating notes about Array Formula =INDEX($D$72:$D$85,MATCH($F73&" | "&G$72,INDEX($B$72:$B$85&" | "&$C$72:$C$85,),0)).
* We put it in the array argument of INDEX because this argument can perform array calculations without using CSE.* Because we need the entire column of values (all the rows) in our formula, we leave the row_num argument in INDEX empty
=LOOKUP(lookup_value,lookup_vector,result_vector)
* Because there is no built-in function to retrieve the last record given a criterion we chose the LOOKUP formula so that we did not have to use CSE.
*This is same formula as Video 4, except we will change one element in our formula to help us avoid CSE.
* In this way we have "placed" our join array operation result in our formula without having to use CSE.
* This means that our formula has to run an extra INDEX function when calculating. This is unnecessary if only we had notbeen afraid to use CSE. But if you REALLY do not want to have to use CSE, then this formula may be what you want.
* We have tricked our formula into not requiring CSE, but it means that when the formula is calculated, an extra INDEX function must run.
3#DIV/0!#DIV/0! * Close in calculating time.#DIV/0!
350.849.7 * Close in calculating time.50.3
* See timing workbook: =AGGREGATE(15,6,$C$110:$C$121/($B$110:$B$121=$E110),F$109) AGGREGATE Timing.xlsm
* The function_num argument allows us to select 1-19 functions; 14-19 can handle array calculations. * Using 6 in the options argument forces the function to ignore errors (#DIV/0! Error)* Array formula because we are making a comparative operation and a division operation on an array.* Array calculation, $C$110:$C$121/($B$110:$B$121=$E110) produces the array:
{#DIV/0!;49.4;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;50.8;48.6;#DIV/0!;51.1;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!}* The array calculation is used to isolate just the values you would like to "dump" into the AGGREGATE function.
* Array formula because we are making a comparative operation on an array.* Array calculation, IF($B$110:$B$121=$E115,$C$110:$C$121) produces the array:
{FALSE;49.4;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;50.8;48.6;FALSE;51.1;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE}* The IF Function is used to isolate just the values you would like to "dump" into the SMALL function.
Calculating notes about Array Formula =AGGREGATE(15,6,$C$110:$C$121/($B$110:$B$121=$E110),F$109).
* We need an automatic way to report the three smallest values for each racer anytime we type times into our template.* AGGREGATE is nice because we can build an array calculation for the SMALL function without requiring the keystroke CSE.
* Excel Order of Precedence: comparative operations last, so must put in parenthesis to force comparative operation to calculate before division.
because the array argument in INDEX can perform array calculations without using CSE.
<<== Does not require CSE.
<<== Requires CSE.
* SMALL function calculation with one criteria: BUT we use AGGREGATE with a 15.
* ($B$110:$B$121=$E110) creates the array: {FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE}
* Notice that if we had used multiplication, FALSEs would have turned to 0s, and SMALL function would have selected 0s instead of the smallest
* AGGREGATE is nice because we can build an array calculation for the SMALL function without requiring the keystroke CSE.
* If the formula requires a second argument and you don't provide it, you get an #VALUE! Error (like SMALL without the k argument.* The AGGREGATE function is designed for columns of data, or vertical ranges. It is not designed for rows of data, or horizontal ranges.
* For example, when you subtotal a horizontal range using option 1, such as AGGREGATE(1, 1, ref1), hiding a columndoes not affect the aggregate sum value. But, hiding a row in vertical range does affect the aggregate.
Ignore nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functionsIgnore hidden rows, nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functionsIgnore error values, nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functionsIgnore hidden rows, error values, nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functions
{FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE},F$109)
,{#DIV/0!;49.4;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;50.8;48.6;#DIV/0!;51.1;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!},F$160)
{0;49.4;0;0;0;50.8;48.6;0;51.1;0;0;0}.
is not required because the array argument of the AGGREGATE function can handle array calculations for functions 14 to 19.
For more examples of SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, INDEX or AGGREGATE functions see these excelisfun YouTube Playlists.
First 10 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE. Functions can handle arrays without CSE: SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, INDEX and AGGREGATE.
#VALUE!
1 What to do if SUMIF, SUMIFS, COUNTIF, COUNTIFS, AVERAGEIF and AVERAGEIFS can't handle array calculations in range argument?2 Formula goal: Add with year criteria that is mismatched against serial number data.
Date Sales Helper Criteria Adding formulas:
10/27/2012 $5,012 2012 2012 SUMIF & YEAR won't work2/5/2011 $6,523 2011 =SUMIF(YEAR(B6:B10),F6,C6:C10)
6/28/2010 $1,589 2010 Helper10/30/2012 $2,489 2012 $7,50111/25/2010 $5,789 2010 SUMIFS (2007 or later)
$7,5013 range and criteria_range arguments can't handle arrays. SUMPRODUCT & YEAR
=SUMIF(YEAR(B6:B10),G7,C6:C10) $7,501 =SUMIFS(C6:C10,YEAR(B6:B10),G7) SUM & IF & YEAR =COUNTIF(YEAR(B6:B10),G7) $7,501 =COUNTIFS(YEAR(B6:B10),G7) =AVERAGEIF(YEAR(B6:B10),G7,C6:C10) *Note: Examples of External References not working in SUMIF =AVERAGEIFS(C6:C10,YEAR(B6:B10),G7) and COUNTIF range argument in Video #9, Example 16.
4 4 Formula substitutes for SUMIF and YEAR array calculation in range argument.1) Helper column: =SUMIF(D6:D10,F6,C6:C10)2) SUMIFS (2007): =SUMIFS(C6:C10,B6:B10,">=1/1/"&F6,B6:B10,"<=12/13/"&F6)3) SP & YEAR: =SUMPRODUCT(--(YEAR(B6:B10)=F6),C6:C10)4) SUM & IF & YEAR: {=SUM(IF(YEAR(B6:B10)=F6,C6:C10))}* Calculation time is important for spreadsheets that contain many formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations.
5 Formula goal: Count with year criteria that is mismatched against serial number data.Date Sales Helper Criteria Counting formulas:
10/27/2012 $5,012 2012 20122/5/2011 $6,523 2011 =COUNTIF(YEAR(B29:B33),F29)
6/28/2010 $1,589 2010 Helper10/30/2012 $2,489 2012 211/25/2010 $5,789 2010 COUNTIFS (2007 or later)
2SUMPRODUCT & YEAR
* Similar to example Video #9, Examples 10 - 16. 2* See timing results in file: "Years Timing.xlsm", sheet "Count". SUM & IF
2
6 4 Formula substitutes for COUNTIF and YEAR array calculation in range argument.1) Helper column: =COUNTIF(D29:D33,F29)2) COUNTIFS (2007) =COUNTIFS(B29:B33,">=1/1/"&F29,B29:B33,"<=12/13/"&F29)3) SP & YEAR: =SUMPRODUCT(--(YEAR(B29:B33)=F29))
Topics Sheet
COUNTIF & YEAR won't work
4) SUM & IF & YEAR: {=SUM(IF(YEAR(B29:B33)=F29,1))}* Calculation time is important for spreadsheets that contain many formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations.
7 Formula goal: Averaging with year criteria that is mismatched against serial number data.Date Sales Helper Criteria Counting formulas:
10/27/2012 $5,012 2012 20122/5/2011 $6,523 2011 =AVERAGEIF(YEAR(B49:B53),F49,C49:C53)
6/28/2010 $1,589 2010 Helper (2007)10/30/2012 $2,489 2012 3750.511/25/2010 $5,789 2010 AVERAGEIFS (2007)
3750.5Helper
Helper columns can really speed up calculation time. 3750.5SUM & IF
* See timing results in file: "Years Timing.xlsm", sheet "Average". 3750.5SUMPRODUCT & YEAR
3750.58 5 Formula substitutes for AVERAGEIF and YEAR array calculation in range argument.
1) Helper column (2007): =AVERAGEIF(D49:D53,F49,C49:C53)2) AVERAGEIFS (2007): =AVERAGEIFS(C49:C53,B49:B53,">=1/1/"&F49,B49:B53,"<=12/13/"&F3) Helper column: =SUMIF(D49:D53,F49,C49:C53)/COUNTIF(D49:D53,F49)4) AVERAGE & IF & YEAR: {=AVERAGE(IF(YEAR(B49:B53)=F49,C49:C53))}5) SP & YEAR: =SUMPRODUCT(--(YEAR(B49:B53)=F49),C49:C53)/SUMPRODUCT(--(YEA* Calculation time is important for spreadsheets that contain many formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations.
9 Criteria argument in COUNTIF and similar functions can handle arrays.Names Criteria Count Formula goal: Count how many "Jo" or "Phil" values there are, but there may be spaces in criteria.Jo Jo 4Phil Phil <<== Extra Space * OR Criteria explained in Video #14JoPhil Calculation of =SUMPRODUCT(COUNTIF(B113:B117,TRIM(D113:D114))):Lenny
* TRIM function removes spaces except single spaces between words.* TRIM function is making an array calculation in the criteria argument of COUNTIF function.
* We are giving the TRIM function more than one value and so it will deliver more than one answer.This is a function argument array calculation and makes this an Array Formula.
* We are giving the criteria argument in the COUNTIF function more than one value and so it willdeliver more than one answer. It will deliver a count for both "Jo" and "Phil".
* The COUNTIF delivers a count of 2 for "Jo" and 2 for "Phil".* Both the TRIM and COUNTIF have made function argument array calculations.* SUMPRODUCT can handle array calculations from both TRIM and COUNTIF and so
AVERAGEIF & YEAR won't work
1) =SUMPRODUCT(COUNTIF(B71:B75,TRIM(D71:D72)))
2) =SUMPRODUCT(COUNTIF(B71:B75,{"Jo";"Phil"}))
3) =SUMPRODUCT(COUNTIF({"Jo";"Phil";"Jo";"Phil";"Lenny"},{"Jo";"Phil"}))
5) =SUMPRODUCT({2;2})
CSE is not needed for this Array Formula.
* Did not test this formula on large data set…
10 Range argument in COUNTIF and similar functions can handle ranges created by INDEX or OFFSET functions.See Video #13, Example 16.
Semester GradesFall - 2012 3.8
3.62.32.6 3
Winter - 2012 2.12.9 1
Spring - 2012 32.92.1 2
Summer - 2012 2.41.43.8 1
Average 2.741667
6) The formula delivers the single value 4
# Greater than 2.5
What to do if SUMIF, SUMIFS, COUNTIF, COUNTIFS, AVERAGEIF and AVERAGEIFS can't handle array calculations in range argument?Array Formula Rule #18
=SUMIF(YEAR(B6:B10),F6,C6:C10)
1st fastest calculating
2nd fastest calculating
3rd fastest calculating
3rd fastest calculating
*Note: Examples of External References not working in SUMIFand COUNTIF range argument in Video #9, Example 16.
* Calculation time is important for spreadsheets that contain many formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations.
=COUNTIF(YEAR(B29:B33),F29)
1st fastest calculating
2nd fastest calculating
3rd fastest calculating
3rd fastest calculating
<<= CSE
1) Fastest to calculate and 2) NOT require CSE.1) 2nd fastest, 2) NOT require helper, 3) NOT require CSE. 1) 3rd fastest, 2) NOT require CSE.1) 3rd fastest 2) requires CSE.
<<= CSE
1) Fastest to calculate and 2) NOT require CSE.1) 2nd fastest, 2) NOT require helper, 3) NOT require CSE. 1) 3rd fastest, 2) NOT require CSE.
First 11 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE. Functions can handle arrays without CSE: SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, INDEX and AGGREGATE.
* Calculation time is important for spreadsheets that contain many formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations.
=AVERAGEIF(YEAR(B49:B53),F49,C49:C53)
1st fastest calculating
2nd fastest
3rd fastest
4th fastest calculating
5th fastest calculating
* Calculation time is important for spreadsheets that contain many formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations.
Formula goal: Count how many "Jo" or "Phil" values there are, but there may be spaces in criteria.
* OR Criteria explained in Video #14
Calculation of =SUMPRODUCT(COUNTIF(B113:B117,TRIM(D113:D114))):
* TRIM function removes spaces except single spaces between words.* TRIM function is making an array calculation in the criteria argument of COUNTIF function.
* We are giving the TRIM function more than one value and so it will deliver more than one answer.This is a function argument array calculation and makes this an Array Formula.
* We are giving the criteria argument in the COUNTIF function more than one value and so it willdeliver more than one answer. It will deliver a count for both "Jo" and "Phil".
* The COUNTIF delivers a count of 2 for "Jo" and 2 for "Phil".* Both the TRIM and COUNTIF have made function argument array calculations.* SUMPRODUCT can handle array calculations from both TRIM and COUNTIF and so
1) 3rd fastest 2) requires CSE.
<<= CSE
1) Fastest to calculate and 2) NOT require CSE.1) 2nd fastest, 2) NOT require helper, 3) NOT require CSE. 1) 3rd Fastest to calculate and 2) NOT require CSE.1) 4th fastest 2) requires CSE.1) Slowest, 2) NOT require CSE.
=SUMPRODUCT(COUNTIF({"Jo";"Phil";"Jo";"Phil";"Lenny"},{"Jo";"Phil"}))
Range argument in COUNTIF and similar functions can handle ranges created by INDEX or OFFSET functions.
First 11 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE. Functions can handle arrays without CSE: SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, INDEX and AGGREGATE.
First 11 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE. Functions can handle arrays without CSE: SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, INDEX and AGGREGATE.
###
1 Dynamic Range: A range that you can use in a formula, chart, PivotTable, etc. that can expand or contract when you add data.
2 INDEX & OFFSET functions can return a range of cells (a type of array) that can be used in formulas, charts & other locations that expect a reference.
3 INDEX function to lookup a range (row or column). Lookup range (column):Jan Feb Mar Select Month Total
2 1 2 Feb 115 5 2 Feb 112 3 54 2 4 INDEX syntax to lookup row or column:
Jan 2 5 2 4Feb 1 5 3 2 Select MonthMar 2 2 5 4 Feb
4 If there is no "Array Operation" (math, comparative, join, function argument) in INDEX formula used to create range, Ctrl + Shift + Enter is not required.
5 Excel Table feature.* The Excel Table feature (Excel 2007 and later) or List feature (Excel 2003) are great for creating dynamic ranges for charts, PivotTables and formulas.
Units Sum 11236
6 Reasons you might not want to use Excel Table feature.* Data sets that expand and contract often, or that have no data and then a lot of data are difficult in a Table.* Expandable range formula elements like ROW(A$1:A1) have trouble in a Table.* Formatting can be annoying.* Custom Views cannot be used.* Cannot share workbook.* Can't use Subtotals feature.* Others also…
7 Defined Names.* Defined Names are formulas that are stored in the Name Manager.* Defined Names can be used in formulas, PivotTables, Charts, Data Validation, Conditional Formatting, and so on.* Defined names can be formulas that deliver ranges of cells or formulas that deliver data (text, numbers, logical, errors).* Defined Names add an extra level of calculation time.* Workbook scope means name available throughout workbook. Worksheet scope means name available only on a particular sheet.* The dialog box for Defined Name Formulas can handle formulas with or without Array Operations. You don't have to use CSE in Defined Name dialog box.
Topics Sheet
* A zero or omitted in the row_num argument of INDEX tells the function to lookup "all the rows".* A zero or omitted in the column_num argument of INDEX tells the function to lookup "all the columns".
2 3
6
8 Keyboards for Defined Names.* F3 = Paste Name.* Ctrl + F3 = Name Manager.* Ctrl + Shift + F3 = Create Names From Selection.
* Learn about INDEX and MATCH functions in Video #1, Example: 13.9 INDEX to create Defined Name dynamic range formula for text data in column (4 Examples).
1) Build Formulas in cells, then copy and paste into Defined Name dialog box (Name Manager). Use CSE if you don't want to see #VALUE errors.2) Highlight enough rows below data set to accommodate all potential records. Be aware: if you type data below data set, it may create incorrect ranges.3) If you put the INDEX function into the "context" of a cell reference, it will lookup a cell reference, instead of an item.4) The advantage that INDEX has over OFFSET is that INDEX is not a volatile function (volatile = recalculates often and slows calculation time).
ID Length Cost Text Column with COUNTA
WI/i-5000 6.50" $0.12 BA/n-3964 4.25" $0.09 WI/i-5000 WI/i-5000VK/t-6164 7.00" $0.35
Counting non-empty cells. Big Value = "Ω" Greek Letter.l COUNTA function can be For "Approximate Match",l used to count how tall or if the lookup_value is
wide a range of data is if bigger than anything inField Names in range? you will never have a list, it returns that lastIt depends. empty records or data position: "Big Value"PivotTable Data Set = Yes below data set. concept.VLOOKUP = No. NOT work w empty cells. Works with empty cells.
Similar Calculation Times. Similar Calculation Times.Defined Names in formula:Count Text 5 * Timing workbook: TimeDynamicRanges.xlsm.Count Text 5 * Omega = Last Letter In Greek Alphabet = Alt + 2 + 3 + 4 = Ω (Hold Alt and hit 2, 3, 4 in succession on the Number Pad).
10 INDEX to create Defined Name dynamic range formula for number data in column.
ID Length Cost
WI/i-5000 6.50" $0.12 BA/n-3964 4.25" $0.09 0.12VK/t-6164 7.00" $0.35 EQ/y-7201 3.75" $0.65 * Approximation of the biggest number Excel can handle = 9.99E+307 or
9.99999999999999E+307 uses the "Big Value" concept for number data. Any number
Text Column with MATCH Big Text "Ω" (ALT, 2, 3, 4)
[1] =$B$60:INDEX($B$60:$B$65,COUNTA($B$60:$B$65))
[2] =$B$60:INDEX($B$60:$B$65,MATCH("Ω",$B$60:$B$65))
Number Column w MATCH and Big Number
[5] =$D$78:INDEX($D$78:$D$84,MATCH(9.99E+307,$D$78:$D$84))
23 that is larger than the biggest number will work.* For "Approximate Match", if the lookup_value is bigger than anything in the list, it
returns that last position: "Big Value" concept.* Learned "Big Num" concept from Aladin at Mr Excel Message Board.* Timing workbook: TimeDynamicRanges.xlsm, sheet "DynamicRangeTime".
11 INDEX to create Defined Name dynamic range formula for mixed data in column.
List
22Rad 22
Countax 2 * For "Approximate Match", if the lookup_value is bigger than anything in the list, it
returns that last position: "Big Value" concept.* Timing workbook: TimeDynamicRanges.xlsm, sheet "DynamicRangeTime".* Array calculation will increase calculation time.
12 INDEX to create Defined Name dynamic range formula for rectangular range (3 examples).
ID Length Cost Table w MAX and ROW
WI/i-5000 6.50" $0.12 BA/n-3964 4.25" $0.09 WI/i-5000 WI/i-5000VK/t-6164 7.00" $0.35 Will not incorporate 2.00 ". Sees empty row and 2".EQ/y-7201 3.75" $0.65 Much faster than other 2. Similar Calculation Times.
2.00"* Timing workbook: TimeDynamicRanges.xlsm, sheet "DynamicRangeTime".
13 VLOOKUP and Data Validation List with Defined Name Dynamic Ranges.ID Length Cost ID CostWI/i-5000 6.50" $0.12 VK/t-6164 $0.35 BA/n-3964 4.25" $0.09 VK/t-6164 7.00" $0.35 DV formula: VLOOKUP formula:EQ/y-7201 3.75" $0.65 WI/i-5000 WI/i-5000
Last anything w MATCH and array calculation.
[6] =$B$91:INDEX($B$91:$B$95,MATCH(2,1/($B$91:$B$95<>"")))
Table w MATCH "Ω" in last column
[7] =$B$101:INDEX($D$101:$D$107,MATCH(9.9E+307,$D$101:$D$107))
[8] =$B$101:INDEX($D$101:$D$107,MAX(($B$101:$D$107<>"")*(ROW($D$101:$D$107)-ROW($D$101)+1)))
14 Define Name dynamic range formula that can handle an extra space below the data.ID Length Cost Dynamic range Based on ID column.WI/i-5000 6.50" $0.12 WI/i-5000BA/n-3964 4.25" $0.09 VK/t-6164 7.00" $0.35 EQ/y-7201 3.75" $0.65 6 <<== COUNTA would count 6
formula delivered "" Space
15 OFFSET function to create dynamic range formula.Weight Dynamic Range OFFSET arguments:
174 174 reference Start Point: cell or range (usually upper left corner of range).
171 rows How many rows up (minus number) or down (positive number) do you want to
189 move from the reference? Empty or 0 means to not move.
cols How many columns left (minus number) or right (positive number) do you want to
move from the reference? Empty or 0 means to not move.
height How tall is data set? Omitted, assumed to be same height or as reference.
width How wide is data set? Omitted, assumed to be same height or as reference.
16 Defined Name dynamic range formula For Chart.
Steps for dynamic chart:1) Create Defined Name dynamic range formula.2) Create chart. (Alt + F1 = default chart on current sheet).3) Design Ribbon Tab, Data group, Select Data button, Edit, Series value textbox.4) Select rage of cells (DO NOT select sheet reference).5) Delete selected range of cells.6) F3 = Paste Name dialog box.7) Paste Name.8) OK.9) When you go back and look at the Series value textbox later, a workbook reference will appear.
17 Dynamic range based on criteria from drop-down list.City Customers City OffsetSF Jo Squim WillieSF JoeSF Phil IndexTacoma Gigi WillieTacoma SiouxSquim WillieSquim Dana
18 INDEX or OFFSET for dynamic range formulas?**Note: If recalculation speed is not an issue (small data sets, not many formulas, don't care), the volatility of OFFSET is less of an issue.
INDEX OFFSETVolatile No YesEase to use Yes/No Yes/No <= It depends on your point of view.
19 Recalculation time in Excel.* The user can trigger recalculation in Microsoft Excel in several ways, for example:
* Entering new data (if Excel is in Automatic recalculation mode, described later in this topic).* Explicitly instructing Excel to recalculate all or part of a workbook.* Deleting or inserting a row or column.
* Performing certain Autofilter actions.* Double-clicking a row or column divider (in Automatic calculation mode).* Adding, editing, or deleting a defined name.* Renaming a worksheet.* Changing the position of a worksheet in relation to other worksheets.* Hiding or unhiding rows, but not columns.
** From Microsoft Help
20 Add last 5 list with SUM function and Dynamic Range.Numbers Last? Include empty Exclude empty
1 5 5 722 The key concept in the "exclude empty" formula is:1 1) We need to use IF and ISNUMBER to get just the row numbers that contain numbers:
1 {1;2;3;4;FALSE;6;7;FALSE;FALSE}1 * These are just the row numbers with numbers.
2) Then LARGE finds 5th largest row number:
21 SUMIF, SUMIFS, COUNTIF and similar functions can handle dynamic ranges created by INDEX function.
Semester Grades HurdleFall - 2012 3.8 2.5
3.62.3 What we need is:2.6 3 3 =COUNTIF(C199:C202,">"&F$199)
Win. - 2012 2.12.9 1 1 =COUNTIF(C203:C204,">"&F$199)
* Saving a workbook while the Recalculate before save option is set.
** logical_test argument in IF trumps and requires
* IF(ISNUMBER($B$187:$B$195),ROW($B$187:$B$195)-ROW($B$187)+1) creates array:
* LARGE({1;2;3;4;FALSE;6;7;FALSE;FALSE},5) delivers the row that contains the 5th to the last number = 2
# Greater than 2.5
Spr. - 2012 32.92.1 2 2 =COUNTIF(C205:C207,">"&F$199)
Sum. - 2012 2.41.43.8 1 1 =COUNTIF(C208:C210,">"&F$199)
Ave. 2.74167
How we accomplish this:
* array argument for INDEX is an "expandable range".
* As the formula is copied down and the "expandable range" expands, the MATCH will always find the position of the last text item.* Omega = Last Letter In Greek Alphabet = Alt + 2 + 3 + 4 = Ω
* When the formula is copied down the INDEX will deliver a new starting cell reference, every time it sees a new "last text item".
* This is a relative cell reference and will always look "one cell to the left".* Thus we get these changing ranges as we copy the formula down:* In cell F202 we get the range C199:C202* In cell F204 we get the range C203:C204* In cell F207 we get the range C205:C207* In cell F210 we get the range C208:C210
* The IF function is convenient because it will run the formula only when the new text appears in Semester column.
22 For more examples of Dynamic Ranges see this excelisfun YouTube Playlist.
* =IF(B200<>"",COUNTIF(INDEX(C$198:C199,MATCH("Ω",B$198:B198)):C199,">"&F$199),"")
* =IF(B200<>"",COUNTIF(INDEX(C$198:C199,MATCH("Ω",B$198:B198)):C199,">"&F$199),"")
* =IF(B200<>"",COUNTIF(INDEX(C$198:C199,MATCH("Ω",B$198:B198)):C199,">"&F$199),"")
* Because INDEX is in the context of a range of cells, caused by the colon, INDEX will deliver a cell address instead of a value.* =IF(B200<>"",COUNTIF(INDEX(C$198:C199,MATCH("Ω",B$198:B198)):C199,">"&F$199),"")
* =IF(B200<>"",COUNTIF(INDEX(C$198:C199,MATCH("Ω",B$198:B198)):C199,">"&F$199),"")
Dynamic Range: A range that you can use in a formula, chart, PivotTable, etc. that can expand or contract when you add data.
INDEX & OFFSET functions can return a range of cells (a type of array) that can be used in formulas, charts & other locations that expect a reference.
Array Formula Rule #19
<<== If there is no "Array Operation",
Lookup range (row):Total
11
If there is no "Array Operation" (math, comparative, join, function argument) in INDEX formula used to create range, Ctrl + Shift + Enter is not required.
* The Excel Table feature (Excel 2007 and later) or List feature (Excel 2003) are great for creating dynamic ranges for charts, PivotTables and formulas.
* Data sets that expand and contract often, or that have no data and then a lot of data are difficult in a Table.
* Defined Names can be used in formulas, PivotTables, Charts, Data Validation, Conditional Formatting, and so on.* Defined names can be formulas that deliver ranges of cells or formulas that deliver data (text, numbers, logical, errors).
* Workbook scope means name available throughout workbook. Worksheet scope means name available only on a particular sheet.* The dialog box for Defined Name Formulas can handle formulas with or without Array Operations. You don't have to use CSE in Defined Name dialog box.
the range returned by INDEX does not require CSE.
in the row_num argument of INDEX tells the function to lookup "all the rows". in the column_num argument of INDEX tells the function to lookup "all the columns".
1) Build Formulas in cells, then copy and paste into Defined Name dialog box (Name Manager). Use CSE if you don't want to see #VALUE errors.2) Highlight enough rows below data set to accommodate all potential records. Be aware: if you type data below data set, it may create incorrect ranges.3) If you put the INDEX function into the "context" of a cell reference, it will lookup a cell reference, instead of an item.4) The advantage that INDEX has over OFFSET is that INDEX is not a volatile function (volatile = recalculates often and slows calculation time).
WI/i-5000 WI/i-5000
Big Value = REPT("z",255). Small Value = ""For "Approximate Match", For -1 in 3rd argument,if the lookup_value is if the lookup_value isbigger than anything in smaller than anything inlist, it returns that last list, it returns that lastposition: "Big Value" position: "Small Value"concept. concept.Works with empty cells. Works with empty cells.Similar Calculation Times. Longer Times.* 255 is max characters inlookup_value argument.
* Omega = Last Letter In Greek Alphabet = Alt + 2 + 3 + 4 = Ω (Hold Alt and hit 2, 3, 4 in succession on the Number Pad).
* Approximation of the biggest number Excel can handle = 9.99E+307 or9.99999999999999E+307 uses the "Big Value" concept for number data. Any number
Text Column with MATCH Big Text REPT "z"
Text Column with MATCH Small Text ""
[3] =$B$60:INDEX($B$60:$B$65,MATCH(REPT("z",255),$B$60:$B$65))
[4] =$B$60:INDEX($B$60:$B$65,MATCH("",$B$60:$B$65,-1))
* For "Approximate Match", if the lookup_value is bigger than anything in the list, it
* Learned "Big Num" concept from Aladin at Mr Excel Message Board.* Timing workbook: TimeDynamicRanges.xlsm, sheet "DynamicRangeTime".
* For "Approximate Match", if the lookup_value is bigger than anything in the list, it
* Timing workbook: TimeDynamicRanges.xlsm, sheet "DynamicRangeTime".
#NAME?Sees empty row and 2".Similar Calculation Times.* Advantage for AGGREGATE:
* Timing workbook: TimeDynamicRanges.xlsm, sheet "DynamicRangeTime".
Table w AGGREGATE and ROW
[9] =$B$101:INDEX($D$101:$D$107,AGGREGATE(14,4,($B$101:$D$107<>"")*(ROW($D$101:$D$107)-ROW($D$101)+1),1))
if use in formula, no CSE.
Start Point: cell or range (usually upper left corner of range).
How many rows up (minus number) or down (positive number) do you want to
move from the reference? Empty or 0 means to not move.
How many columns left (minus number) or right (positive number) do you want to
move from the reference? Empty or 0 means to not move.
How tall is data set? Omitted, assumed to be same height or as reference.
How wide is data set? Omitted, assumed to be same height or as reference.
Dynamic Drop Down: CountaWillie
**Note: If recalculation speed is not an issue (small data sets, not many formulas, don't care), the volatility of OFFSET is less of an issue.
1) We need to use IF and ISNUMBER to get just the row numbers that contain numbers:
SUMIF, SUMIFS, COUNTIF and similar functions can handle dynamic ranges created by INDEX function.
=COUNTIF(C199:C202,">"&F$199) * In cell F202 we get the range C199:C202
=COUNTIF(C203:C204,">"&F$199) * In cell F204 we get the range C203:C204
** logical_test argument in IF trumps and requires CSE no matter what.
IF(ISNUMBER($B$187:$B$195),ROW($B$187:$B$195)-ROW($B$187)+1) creates array:
delivers the row that contains the 5th to the last number = 2
=COUNTIF(C205:C207,">"&F$199) * In cell F207 we get the range C205:C207
=COUNTIF(C208:C210,">"&F$199) * In cell F210 we get the range C208:C210
* As the formula is copied down and the "expandable range" expands, the MATCH will always find the position of the last text item.
* When the formula is copied down the INDEX will deliver a new starting cell reference, every time it sees a new "last text item".
* The IF function is convenient because it will run the formula only when the new text appears in Semester column.
, INDEX will deliver a cell address instead of a value.
First 12 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE. Functions can handle arrays without CSE: SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, INDEX and AGGREGATE. SUMIFS, COUNTIF and the like: 1) range and criteria_range arguments can’t handle arrays, 2) criteria argument
can handle arrays, 3) range argument CAN handle ranges created by INDEX and OFSSET functions.
* In cell F202 we get the range C199:C202
* In cell F204 we get the range C203:C204
* In cell F207 we get the range C205:C207
* In cell F210 we get the range C208:C210
First 12 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE. Functions can handle arrays without CSE: SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, INDEX and AGGREGATE. SUMIFS, COUNTIF and the like: 1) range and criteria_range arguments can’t handle arrays, 2) criteria argument
can handle arrays, 3) range argument CAN handle ranges created by INDEX and OFSSET functions.
#VALUE!
1 Boolean Logic.* Boolean is a data type that has only the two potential values: TRUE or FALSE.* Named after 19th century mathematician, George Boole.
* Boolean Logic or Math or Calculations in Excel:"AND Criteria" = Multiplication "OR Criteria" = Adding NOT Criteria = OppositeTRUE*TRUE = 1*1 = 1 = TRUE TRUE+TRUE = 1+1= 2 = 2 = TRUE NOT TRUE = FALSE = 0TRUE*FALSE = 1*0 = 0 = FALSE TRUE+FALSE = 1+0= 1 = 1 = TRUE NOT FALSE = TRUE = 1FALSE*TRUE = 0*1 = 0 = FALSE FALSE+TRUE = 0+1= 1 = 1 = TRUEFALSE*FALSE = 0*0 = 0 = FALSE FALSE+FALSE = 0+0= 0 = 0 = FALSE
2 AND criteria = Multiplication = All Logical Test Must Be TRUE.AND Criteria:Region Sales>=5West 5
Region Sales Boolean AND AND FunctionEast 3 0*0 = 0 0 0West 4 1*0 = 0 0 0East 6 0*1 = 0 0 0West 7 1*1 = 1 1 1West 5 1*1 = 1 1 1
0
Comparative operators are calculated after math operators, and so to force comparative operators to calculate before math, use parentheses.
3 SUMPRODUCT can do AND Criteria. Count 2
4 COUNTIFS, SUMIFS, AVERAGEIFS & Count 2Nested IF functions do AND Criteria. Sum 12
Average 6MAX 7
5 How IF function calculates AND Criteria for array calculations:
* Only when it sees a TRUE in the first array AND a TRUE in the second array, does it take the corresponding number.* IF(B21:B25=B18,IF(C21:C25>=C18,C21:C25)) creates the array: {FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;7;5}
Topics Sheet
Boolean ANDBoolean Multiplying
* Remember Excel's Formula Calculating Order of Precedence: =(B21=$B$18)*(C21>=$C$18). VERY IMPORTANT:
1) =MAX(IF(B21:B25=B18,IF(C21:C25>=C18,C21:C25)))2) =MAX(IF({FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE},IF({FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE},{3;4;6;7;5})))
3) =MAX({FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;7;5})4) The formula delivers the single value 7.
6 AND Can Have 2 Or More Logical Tests.AND Criteria:Region Sales Rep ProductWest Jo Pro1Region Sales Rep Product Boolean AND Boolean ANDEast Jo Pro2 0*1*0 = 0 0West Jo Pro1 1*1*1 = 1 1West Tom Pro2 1*0*0 = 0 0
7 OR Criteria = Adding = At Least 1 Logical Test Must Be TRUE.OR Criteria: Region Sales>=5 Not Mutually Exclusive Criteria. We may get both (2 TRUES).
West 5
Might get 2 TRUEs from the 2 Fields.
Region Sales Boolean OR OR FunctionEast 3 0+0 = 0 0 0West 4 1+0 = 1 1 1East 6 0+1 = 1 1 1West 7 1+1 = 2 2 1West 5 1+1 = 2 2 1
8 Boolean Adding for OR Criteria when result can be 2 or more.* For OR Criteria, a number 1 or greater means TRUE.* For OR Criteria, a number 2 or greater:
1) May cause "counting formulas" to calculate an answer that is too big.
OR Criteria when result can be 2 or more may cause "counting formulas" to calculate an answer that is too big:9 SUMPRODUCT with Boolean Adding for OR Criteria when result can be 2 or more.
City Product Sales Criteria:Seattle Pro2 3 CityBurien Pro1 4 SeattleSumner Pro2 6 ProductSeattle Pro1 7 Pro2Burien Pro1 9
10 Formula goal: Count transactions that have 'Seattle' or 'Pro2'. But no 'double counting'.Incorrect Count 4 <<== We have the possibility of getting 2 TRUEs, so you have to be careful.Correct Count 3 <<== We have the possibility of getting 2 TRUEs, so you have to be careful.Incorrect Count formula calculating notes: =SUMPRODUCT((B76:B80=F77)+(C76:C80=F79))
=SUMPRODUCT({2;0;1;1;0})
Boolean ORBoolean Adding
2) Will not adversely affect IF function logical_test argument formulas because theIF function logical_test argument interprets any non-zero number as TRUE.
=SUMPRODUCT(({TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE})+({TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE}))
Correct Count formula calculating notes: =SUMPRODUCT(--(((B76:B80=F77)+(C76:C80=F79))>0)) =SUMPRODUCT(--({2;0;1;1;0}>0)) =SUMPRODUCT(--({TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE})) =SUMPRODUCT({1;0;1;1;0})
Incorrect Count 2 4Correct Sum 16 <<== Just add a second array to SUMPRODUCT.
11 Calculating notes for Array Formula: =SUMPRODUCT(--(((B76:B80=F77)+(C76:C80=F79))>0)).Impetus for creating Array Formula:
*Count transactions that have 'Seattle' or 'Pro2'. But no 'double counting'.* We can't use 2 COUNTIF functions because we run the risk of getting a 2 as our answer for the OR Criteria.* There are a lot of carefully placed parentheses in this formula because we need to force certain calculations to occur before others.
Calculation Summary:
* (B76:B80=F77) creates the array: {TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE}* (C76:C80=F79) creates the array: {TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE}
* 2 can cause formula to get a result that is too big..
* {TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE}+{TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE} creates the array: {2;0;1;1;0}
* Now we ask the question: "Are any of the numbers bigger than zero? This is our method of dealing with numbers 2 or bigger.This prevents of count from being too high.
* The comparative operator ">" needed to calculate before the double negative (--) and so we surround that calculation with parentheses.* {2;0;1;1;0}>0 creates the array: {TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE}
*Finally, the double negative can convert the TRUEs and FALSEs to 1s and 0s.* --{TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE} creates the array: {1;0;1;1;0}
Entering formula into cell:* The array argument in the SUMPRODUCT function can perform array calculations without any special keystroke.Conclusion:* The SUMPRODUCT OR Criteria Array Formula is a good method for counting transactions with OR criteria.* Because we had OR Criteria in more than one field, we ran the risk of getting a Boolean adding result of 2 or more.* Because of Excel's Formula Calculating Order of Precedence, we had to be careful with adding parentheses.
OR Criteria when result can be 2 or more will not cause problem in logical_test argument of IF function.12 IF function logical_test argument with Boolean Adding for OR Criteria when result can be 2 or more.
City Product Sales Criteria:Seattle Pro2 3 CityBurien Pro1 4 Seattle
<<== 2 COUNTIF formulas only works when there is no possibility of getting 2 TRUEs. More later…
1) =SUMPRODUCT(--(((B76:B80=F77)+(C76:C80=F79))>0))* Inner most equating operation is done first: (B76:B80=F77)+(C76:C80=F79).
2) =SUMPRODUCT(--(({TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE}+{TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE})>0))* Boolean adding: TRUE + TRUE = 2, FALSE + TRUE = 1, TRUE + FALSE = 1.
* Addition inside parentheses is performed next: ({TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE}+{TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE})
3) =SUMPRODUCT(--({2;0;1;1;0}>0))
4) =SUMPRODUCT(--{TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE})
5) =SUMPRODUCT({1;0;1;1;0})6) The formula delivers the single value 3.
Sumner Pro2 6Seattle Pro1 7Burien Pro1 9
13 Formula goal: Find max sale for transaction that was in 'Seattle' or where 'Pro2' was sold.MAX 7
=MAX(IF((B133:B137=F134)+(C133:C137=G134),D76:D80))* IF function logical_test argument interprets any non-zero number as TRUE. * MAX-IF-Boolean Adding slower calculating than DMAX with all OR scenarios.* MAX-IF-Boolean Adding Formula could be copied down a column.
14 Could we use DMAX to find max sale for transaction that was in 'Seattle' or where 'Pro2' was sold?City Product SalesSeattle Pro2 3 Criteria:Burien Pro1 4 CitySumner Pro2 6 SeattleSeattle Pro1 7 SeattleBurien Pro1 9
DMAX 7 =DMAX(B147:D152,D147,F149:G152)
* Yes, but requires that you list all the OR scenarios for the criteria argument.* DMAX with all OR scenarios faster calculating than MAX-IF-Boolean Adding.* DMAX formula would be hard to copy down a column.
15 Calculation Summary for: =MAX(IF((B133:B137=F134)+(C133:C137=G134),D76:D80))Impetus for creating Array Formula:* We need to find the maximum value in a column with OR criteria.* There is no MAXIFOrCriteria() Function.* The Boolean Addition OR criteria array calculation my yield 0, 1, or 2. This does not cause a problem because
the IF function logical_test argument is programmed to interpret any non-zero number as a TRUE.Calculation Summary:
* B133:B137=F134 creates the array: {TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE}* C133:C137=G134 creates the array: {TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE}* {TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE}+{TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE} creates the array: {2;0;1;1;0}
* The beauty of the logical_test for the IF, is that any non-zero number is treaded as TRUE.* Thus we get 3 TRUEs for the 3 sales that where either in 'Seattle' or where 'Pro2' was sold.* IF({2;0;1;1;0},D66:D70) creates the array: {3;FALSE;6;7;FALSE}* We have used the IF function to dump "only the numbers that match our criteria" into the MAX function.
* MAX is programmed to ignore TRUEs and FALSEs.
Entering formula into cell:
<<== CSE
1) =MAX(IF((B133:B137=F134)+(C133:C137=G134),D76:D80))
2) =MAX(IF({2;0;1;1;0},D66:D70))
3) =MAX({3;FALSE;6;7;FALSE})
4) The formula delivers the single value 7.
Conclusion:* If we need to find maximum value based on OR Criteria, the MAX-IF-Boolean Adding formula will be good if we do not want to
use DMAX function because of the complications in setting up criteria argument for the DMAX, or2) we need to copy the formula down a column.
* DMAX would calculate much more quickly than the MAX-IF-Boolean Adding formula.
16 OR Criteria When There Can Never Be 2 TRUEsNever get 2 TRUEs Because There Is Only One Field.Mutually Exclusive Criteria. We can never get both (2 TRUES).City Seattle or Burien? Criteria:Seattle 1 CityBurien 1 SeattleSumner 0 BurienSeattle 1
17 Four Formulas for Counting with Mutually Exclusive OR Criteria.OR Criteria Count * For timing results see workbook: "OR-Criteria-2-COUNTIFandMore.xlsm"
3 =COUNTIF(B191:B194,E192)+COUNTIF(B191:B194,E193)Fastest Calculating.
3 =DCOUNTA(B190:B194,B190,E191:E193)Fast Calculating. Great if data is set up in Proper Table Format (field names at top) and you are not copying formula.
3 =SUMPRODUCT(--((B191:B194=E192)+(B191:B194=E193)))Slow Calculating.
3 =SUMPRODUCT(--ISNUMBER(MATCH(B191:B194,E192:E193,0)))Good if there were a lot of OR Criteria.
* Calculation time is important for spreadsheets that contain many formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations.
18 MATCH function with range of values (array) in lookup_value argument.Calculation notes for: MATCH(B191:B194,E192:E193,0):
* MATCH is programmed to deliver the relative position of an item in a list.* When we give the lookup_value more than one item to lookup, it will deliver more than one answer.
* When we perform an "Exact Match", MATCH will ignore duplicates.
* The lookup_array is the criteria, but it also is the list where we are getting our "relative positions" from. We can only get relative position of 1 or 2.
* Because we are doing "Exact Match" we get repeat "relative positions";and we get a pattern of numbers that represent the items that match our criteria.
* We will see more uses for the MATCH function and a range of cells in lookup_value argument. See Video 16, Examples 16, 17, 18.
19 Any math operation converts TRUEs and FALEs to 1s and 0s.Operation 1 0 1 0
* The logical_test argument in the IF function is NOT programmed to perform array calculations without CSE.
1) MATCH(B191:B194,E192:E193,0)2) =MATCH({"Seattle";"Burien";"Sumner";"Seattle"},E192:E193,0)
3) =MATCH({"Seattle";"Burien";"Sumner";"Seattle"},E192:E193,0)
4) =MATCH({"Seattle";"Burien";"Sumner";"Seattle"},{"Seattle";"Burien"},0)
5) As a formula element, MATCH delivers: {1;2;#N/A;1}
-- 1 0 1 0+0 1 0 1 0*1 1 0 1 0/1 1 0 1 0^1 1 0 1 0
20 Timing Different Ways of Converting TRUEs and FALSEs to 1s and 0s. * See timing results in workbook: Converting TRUEs and FALSEs to 1s and 0s.xlsm* Timing done in workbook: "Converting TRUEs and FALSEs to 1s and 0s.xlsm"Formula with each range containing 250,000 rows of data =SUMPRODUCT(--(YEAR(Date)=$F$2),--(SalesRep=$G$2),--(Product=$H$2),Sales) {=SUM((YEAR(Date)=$F$2)*(SalesRep=$G$2)*(Product=$H$2)*Sales)} {=SUM(IF((YEAR(Date)=$F$2)*(SalesRep=$G$2)*(Product=$H$2),Sales))} =SUMPRODUCT((YEAR(Date)=$F$2)/1,(SalesRep=$G$2)/1,(Product=$H$2)/1,Sales) =SUMPRODUCT((YEAR(Date)=$F$2)+0,(SalesRep=$G$2)+0,(Product=$H$2)+0,Sales) =SUMPRODUCT((YEAR(Date)=$F$2)*(SalesRep=$G$2)*(Product=$H$2)*Sales) =SUMPRODUCT(1*(YEAR(Date)=$F$2),1*(SalesRep=$G$2),1*(Product=$H$2),Sales) {=SUM(IF(YEAR(Date)=$F$2,IF(SalesRep=$G$2,IF(Product=$H$2,Sales))))} =SUMPRODUCT((YEAR(Date)=$F$2)^1,(SalesRep=$G$2)^1,(Product=$H$2)^1,Sales)
* Double Negative tends to be faster and it binds more closely (Negation is calculated near the top of Excel's Order of Precedence).* Timing formulas depends on the exact functions and construction of formulas.* If you are concerned about slow calculation time, it pays to time different methods for your particular situation.* Excel MVP, Charles Williams has a great web site and free code that is great for timing formulas:Web Site:Code:
Array Formula Rule #2021 AND and OR Criteria guidelines.
1 AND criteria = Multiplication = All Logical Test Must Be TRUE.2 COUNTIFS, SUMIFS, AVERAGEIFS & Nested IF functions do AND Criteria.3 OR Criteria = Adding = At Least 1 Logical Test Must Be TRUE.4 Boolean Adding for OR Criteria when result can be 2 or more.
* For OR Criteria, a number 1 or greater means TRUE.* For OR Criteria, a number 2 or greater:
1) May cause "counting formulas" to calculate an answer that is too big.
5 * Boolean Logic or Math or Calculations in Excel:"AND Criteria" = Multiplication "OR Criteria" = AddingTRUE*TRUE = 1*1 = 1 = TRUE TRUE+TRUE = 1+1= 2 = 2 = TRUETRUE*FALSE = 1*0 = 0 = FALSE TRUE+FALSE = 1+0= 1 = 1 = TRUEFALSE*TRUE = 0*1 = 0 = FALSE FALSE+TRUE = 0+1= 1 = 1 = TRUEFALSE*FALSE = 0*0 = 0 = FALSE FALSE+FALSE = 0+0= 0 = 0 = FALSE
http://www.decisionmodels.com/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa730921.aspxhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/ff700515(v=office.14).aspx
2) Will not adversely affect IF function logical_test argument formulas because theIF function logical_test argument interprets any non-zero number as TRUE.
6 Any math operation converts TRUEs and FALEs to 1s and 0s.* Double Negative tends to be faster and it binds more closely (Negation is calculated near the top of Excel's Order of Precedence).* Timing formulas depends on the exact functions and construction of formulas.* If you are concerned about slow calculation time, it pays to time different methods for your particular situation.
NOT Criteria = OppositeNOT TRUE = FALSE = 0NOT FALSE = TRUE = 1
RegionWestEastMidWest
Comparative operators are calculated after math operators, and so to force comparative operators to calculate before math, use parentheses.
<<== Faster Calc Time than SUMPRODUCT.
* Only when it sees a TRUE in the first array AND a TRUE in the second array, does it take the corresponding number.
* Remember Excel's Formula Calculating Order of Precedence: =(B21=$B$18)*(C21>=$C$18). VERY IMPORTANT:
<<== CSE
First 13 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE. Functions can handle arrays without CSE: SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, INDEX and AGGREGATE. SUMIFS, COUNTIF and the like: 1) range and criteria_range arguments can’t handle arrays, 2) criteria argument
can handle arrays, 3) range argument CAN handle ranges created by INDEX and OFSSET functions. INDEX and OFFSET can create Dynamic Range Formulas. The output from these formulas is a range. If the
formula does not contain any array operation, they do not need CSE if housed in a function that expectes a range. These formulas can be stored in a Defined Name. Defined Names can handle array and non-array formulas.
Not Mutually Exclusive Criteria. We may get both (2 TRUES).
<<== 2 TRUEs not okay = 1 or the0 other, but not both1100
OR Criteria when result can be 2 or more may cause "counting formulas" to calculate an answer that is too big:
<<== We have the possibility of getting 2 TRUEs, so you have to be careful. <<== We have the possibility of getting 2 TRUEs, so you have to be careful.
XOR Excel 2013New Function
* We can't use 2 COUNTIF functions because we run the risk of getting a 2 as our answer for the OR Criteria.* There are a lot of carefully placed parentheses in this formula because we need to force certain calculations to occur before others.
* {TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE}+{TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE} creates the array: {2;0;1;1;0}
* Now we ask the question: "Are any of the numbers bigger than zero? This is our method of dealing with numbers 2 or bigger.
* The comparative operator ">" needed to calculate before the double negative (--) and so we surround that calculation with parentheses.
* The array argument in the SUMPRODUCT function can perform array calculations without any special keystroke.
* The SUMPRODUCT OR Criteria Array Formula is a good method for counting transactions with OR criteria.* Because we had OR Criteria in more than one field, we ran the risk of getting a Boolean adding result of 2 or more.* Because of Excel's Formula Calculating Order of Precedence, we had to be careful with adding parentheses.
OR Criteria when result can be 2 or more will not cause problem in logical_test argument of IF function.
ProductPro2
<<== 2 COUNTIF formulas only works when there is no possibility of getting 2 TRUEs. More later…
+{TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE})
=MAX(IF((B133:B137=F134)+(C133:C137=G134),D76:D80))* IF function logical_test argument interprets any non-zero number as TRUE. * MAX-IF-Boolean Adding slower calculating than DMAX with all OR scenarios.* MAX-IF-Boolean Adding Formula could be copied down a column.
Just as withAdvanced Filter,
Product D Functions:Pro2
sits on different rows.Pro2
sits on same row.
* Yes, but requires that you list all the OR scenarios for the criteria argument.* DMAX with all OR scenarios faster calculating than MAX-IF-Boolean Adding.
* The Boolean Addition OR criteria array calculation my yield 0, 1, or 2. This does not cause a problem because
* {TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE}+{TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE} creates the array: {2;0;1;1;0}
* We have used the IF function to dump "only the numbers that match our criteria" into the MAX function.
1) "OR Criteria"
2) "AND Criteria"
* If we need to find maximum value based on OR Criteria, the MAX-IF-Boolean Adding formula will be good if we do not want to
Remember for D functions and Advanced Filter:* OR Criteria on different rows.* AND Criteria on same row.
* For timing results see workbook: "OR-Criteria-2-COUNTIFandMore.xlsm"
Fast Calculating. Great if data is set up in Proper Table Format (field names at top) and you are not copying formula.
* Calculation time is important for spreadsheets that contain many formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations.
* When we give the lookup_value more than one item to lookup, it will deliver more than one answer.
* The lookup_array is the criteria, but it also is the list where we are getting our "relative positions" from. We can only get relative position of 1 or 2.
* We will see more uses for the MATCH function and a range of cells in lookup_value argument. See Video 16, Examples 16, 17, 18.
* The logical_test argument in the IF function is NOT programmed to perform array calculations without CSE.
* See timing results in workbook: Converting TRUEs and FALSEs to 1s and 0s.xlsm
Ave % Longer Time1 Time2 Time3 Time40.152875 0 0.1553 0.1585 0.1493 0.1484
0.15605 0.020769 0.1614 0.15412 0.15268 0.1560.1604325 0.049436 0.1659 0.1585 0.15813 0.15920.1613625 0.055519 0.15974 0.16303 0.1588 0.16388
0.16141 0.05583 0.159 0.16 0.16197 0.164670.1623275 0.061832 0.1634 0.164 0.1597 0.162210.1639575 0.072494 0.1613 0.16384 0.161 0.169690.1687875 0.104088 0.1665 0.17177 0.16373 0.173150.1997325 0.306509 0.2031 0.20188 0.1988 0.19515
* Double Negative tends to be faster and it binds more closely (Negation is calculated near the top of Excel's Order of Precedence).
* If you are concerned about slow calculation time, it pays to time different methods for your particular situation.
(Excel 2007)(Excel 2010)
NOT Criteria = OppositeNOT TRUE = FALSE = 0NOT FALSE = TRUE = 1
formulas because the interprets any non-zero number as TRUE.
* Double Negative tends to be faster and it binds more closely (Negation is calculated near the top of Excel's Order of Precedence).
* If you are concerned about slow calculation time, it pays to time different methods for your particular situation.
1 2 3 4
First 13 Videos:
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer))
Types of Array:
Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
Array Constants: {1,2,3}
Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require CSE.
Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE. Functions can handle arrays without CSE: SUMPRODUCT, LOOKUP, INDEX and AGGREGATE. SUMIFS, COUNTIF and the like: 1) range and criteria_range arguments can’t handle arrays, 2) criteria argument
can handle arrays, 3) range argument CAN handle ranges created by INDEX and OFSSET functions. INDEX and OFFSET can create Dynamic Range Formulas. The output from these formulas is a range. If the
formula does not contain any array operation, they do not need CSE if housed in a function that expectes a range. These formulas can be stored in a Defined Name. Defined Names can handle array and non-array formulas.
#VALUE!
1/21) Excel's Golden Rule, 2) Math Operators, 3) Comparative Operators, 4) Types of Formulas,5) How Formulas Calculate: Order of Precedence in Excel, 6) Number Formatting is a Façade, 7) Default Alignment in Excel.
* Video #1.
1* A collection of 2 or more items.
* Video #2.
2* Reference that contain more than one cell (range of cells, Defined Names, and other references).
* Video #2.
that is being used to make an array calculation.* Video #5.
* Array created by a formula element or formula.
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) becomes =MAX({2.73;-8.21;6.78;5.3}).*Video #2.
* Array constant.
* Video #6.
31) A formula that performs an operation (math, comparative, join or function argument) on an array of items instead of a single item.2) An array formula can deliver a single value or an array of values.* Examples of array operations:
* Operation is subtraction.* E21:E24-D21:D24 creates the array {2.73;-8.21;6.78;5.3}.* Video #2.
* Operation is equating.* $B$7:$B$12=E7 creates the array {FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE}.* IF({FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE},$C$7:$C$12) creates the array {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}.* Video #3.
* Operation is joining.* $B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21 creates the array {"2A35-2A36|R";"2A35-2A36|L";" … 2A38-2A39|L"}.* Video #4.
* Operation is putting more than one value into a function argument that is expecting a single value. When you do thisthe function will deliver an array of answers.* Specifically:
* The operation is to give the SUMIFS function criteria1 argument more than one item.* If we give the criteria1 argument a single criteria, the SUMIFS delivers a single answer.* When we give the criteria1 argument more than 1 criteria, the SUMIFS will deliver more than 1 answer: it delivers an array of answers.* We give the criteria1 argumnet 5 items, so the SUMIFS function delivers 5 answers (an array of answers).* ItemSold is a Defined Name that has 5 criteria, therefore SUMIFS(Cost,Product,ItemSold) creates the array {12.5;19;12.5;5.75;19}.
* Video #5.* The above 4 examples are examples of Array Formulas that delivers a single value.* Examples of functions or formulas that delivers an array of values:
* Array Function are built-in functions that return more than one value (an array).* Array functions can return values to cells or to another formula.* When entering Array Functions into more than one cell the keystrokes Ctrl + Shift + Enter are required.* Video #7.
* =ROW(B6:B15)-ROW(B6)+1 delivers the array of values: {1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10}* This Array Formula can be entered directly into multiple cells or housed in another function.* If this formula is entered into multiple cells, you must enter the formula with Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
Topics Sheet
Array Formula Rule #1/2: Before creating Array Formulas, learn your formula basics first such as:
Array Formula Rule #1: Define an "Array":
Array Formula Rule #2: Types of Arrays in Excel.
* Example of range of cells: =MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) contains 2 ranges that are being used in an array calculation.
* Example of Defined Name: =SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(Cost,Product,ItemSold)) contains the Defined Name, "ItemsSold",
* Example of array created by formula element: E21:E24-D21:D24, creates the array, {2.73;-8.21;6.78;5.3} like:
* In the formula =SUM(SMALL(C7:C12,{1,2,3})), the array constant {1,2,3} is entered into the Small function k argument.
Array Formula Rule #3: Define Array Formula.
1) Example of math array operation: =MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24).
2) Example of comparative array operation: =MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)).
3) Example of join array operation: =INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)).
4) Example of function argument array operation: =SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(Cost,Product,ItemSold)).
1) Example of Array Function that delivers an array of values: =TRANSPOSE(B7:E9)
2) Example of Array Formula that delivers an array of values to a range of highlighted cells: =ROW(B6:B15)-ROW(B6)+1
* If this formula is housed in another function, whether or not you enter the formula with Ctrl + Shift + Enteris determined by the function argument.
* Video #8.
4* If the function argument is NOT specifically programmed to perform array operations,
you must enter the Array Formula with Ctrl + Shift + Enter, not just Enter.* The trick to the keystrokes Ctrl + Shift + Enter is to: 1) Hold Ctrl and Shift down together, then tap the Enter key.
* Video #2.* The functions that have arguments that can perform array calculations without Ctrl + Shift + Enter are:
AGGREGATE, INDEX, LOOKUP, and SUMPRODUCT.* Video #11.
* Array Functions require Ctrl + Shift + Enter.* Videos #7, 17, 19, 22, 23.
* Array calculations made in the IF function will always require Ctrl + Shift + Enter even if they are housed in a function that is programmed to handle array calculations (like SUMPRODUCT).
* Video #9, Example 21 and Video #18, Example 2.* Array calculations made on array constants (like =SUM(SMALL(C7:C12,{1,2,3})) or =SUM({2,5,6}*{5,8,1})) do not require Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
* Video #6.
5* When you use the keystrokes Ctrl + Shift + Enter, you are telling Excel that you want to make an array calculation.* When Excel puts the curly brackets at the front and end of your Array Formula after you have used the keystroke Ctrl + Shift + Enter,
that is Excel's way of telling you that it understood that you wanted to make an array calculation.* The curly brackets cannot be types in manually.
* Video #2.
6* One of two things will happen if you don't use Ctrl + Shift + Enter when you are required to do so:
1) #VALUE! Error if formula is NOT next to, above or below the data set.2) A potential incorrect answer as a result of implicit intersection: formula above or below a horizontal range array calculation or
next to a vertical range array calculation.* Video #2.
7* Single cell Array Formulas can save spreadsheet space, but may increase formula calculation time. Formula calculation time is an important
consideration for spreadsheets that contain many formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations.* Helper column solutions can: show all the detail and may significantly reduce formula calculation time.
* Video #9, Examples 10 to 20 show many examples of how selecting efficient functions & methods can save time, including helper columns.* Video #12, Examples 1 to 8 compare and contrast many formulas, including helper column solutions.* Video #16, Example 22 shows how to add helper column in data extraction area if you can't have one in data area.* Other videos #2, 4, 16, 20.
* Helper cells can reduce calculation time.* Video #16, Examples 6, 7, 15, 18-21.
8Database Functions like DMIN, DSTDEV and DGET are faster calculating and easier to construct than Array Formulas if:
1) You are able to adhere to the Database Functions' criteria arguments requirements to build field names above criteria.2) You do NOT need to copy the formula to other cells: criteria argument's requirements make copying a Database function nearly impossible.
* DMIN: Videos #3, Example 5.* DSTDEV: Video #3, Example 10.* DGET: Video #4, Example 3.
9* PivotTables are quick and easy to make if you are making aggregate calculations with one or more criteria.* Potential drawbacks to PivotTables:
* If you have data that will change, formulas update instantly, whereas PivotTables update only after you hit the Refresh button.* The range of potential calculations in a PivotTable is limited,
whereas the range of potential calculations that can be made with formulas and Array Formulas is MUCH larger.* Videos #3, Example 6 and Video #20, Example 1.
10* For lookup Array Formula solutions or helper column solutions,
sort the lookup column and use "Approximate Match" to decrease formula calculation time.
Array Formula Rule #4: Entering Array Formulas into cells: Sometimes you must use Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
Array Formula Rule #5: What Ctrl + Shift + Enter and the curly brackets mean.
Array Formula Rule #6: What happens if you forget to use Ctrl + Shift + Enter?
Array Formula Rule #7: In some cases, helper column/cell solutions can be faster calculating than single cell Array Formula solutions.
Array Formula Rule #8: In some cases, Database functions are easier to construct and faster calculating than Array Formulas.
Array Formula Rule #9: In some cases, PivotTables can be easier to construct than Array Formulas.
Array Formula Rule #10: For lookup Array Formulas, sort the lookup column & use "Approximate Match" to decrease formula calculation time.
* Video #4, Example 6 and Video #10, Examples #1 to 5.
11
* Video #5, Example 5 and Video #9, Examples 1 - 5 and Video #18, Example 1.* Use =SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(Cost,Product,ItemSold)) instead of: =SUM(SUMIFS(Cost,Product,ItemSold)) * Use =SUMPRODUCT(ROUND(B80:B84*C80:C84,2)) instead of: =SUM(ROUND(B80:B84*C80:C84,2))
* IF function trumps SUMPRODUCT: See Video #18, Examples 2, 4, 10 and 12; and Video #9, Example 21.
12* Array Constants:
* Allow you to hard code an array of values into a formula if those values will not change and save spreadsheet space.* Curly brackets house array.* Comma = column.* Row = semi-colon.* Text is housed in double quotes, like "Rudolph Gliem".* Numbers, errors, logical values are not in quotes.* You can convert a range of cells to an array constant by highlighting the range and hitting the F9 key.
* Caveat: if array constant operates directly on a range of cells.* Array constants are limited by the number of characters allowed in a formula (8,192).* Video #6.
13* If you don't want to use cells or Defined Names to store look tables, try:
=VLOOKUP(B111,{"Bellen",26;"Doublers",75;"Flattop",19;"Majestic Beaut",37;"Quad",33.5;"Sunset",24;"Sunshine",17.95},2)instead of: =VLOOKUP(B111,$G$111:$H$118,2)
* In formula edit mode you can convert ranges of cells to array constants by: 1) highlight range, 2) fitting F9 key.* Video #6, Example 8.
14* Array Functions: TRANSPOSE, FREQUENCY, MMULT, LINEST, MODE.MULT, and more.* Array Functions deliver an array of values (more than one value).* Because the Array Functions deliver more than one value, you must either highlight the correct number of cells before entering the
functions or use the Array Function as a formula element in a larger Array Formula that can use the valuesdelivered by the Array Function.
* Because Array Functions deliver more than one value, they are considered Array Formulas and need the special keystroke Ctrl + Shift + Enter.* Ctrl + Shift + Enter is your way of tell Excel that you are entering an Array Formula.* After you enter Array Functions with Ctrl + Shift + Enter, Excel puts curly brackets around the formula.* The curly brackets are Excel's way of telling you that it understood that the formula you entered is an Array Formula.* After an Array Function is entered as an array into a range of cells, structural changes such as inserting a row or column between
the array or deleting a single cell in the array is not possible. The array acts as a single unit and can not be altered.* In addition, editing can only be done if you highlight the entire array, then using the F2 key you can put the Array Function in edit
mode, make any necessary changes and then re-enter the Array Function using Ctrl + Shift + Enter.* The keyboard shortcut to highlight the "current array" is Ctrl + / (Forward Slash)* Concept of relative & absolute does not apply when entering Array Functions (if you choose to copy formula after entering, they do apply).
* Videos #7, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24.
15* Example of Array Formula entered into multiple cells using Ctrl + Shift + Enter:
=ROW(B6:B15)-ROW(B6)+1, entered into the range B6:B15, will create the numbers {1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10}.* The numbers act as a single unit and you cannot delete a single cell in this range or insert rows between the numbers.
* After an Array Formula is entered as an array into a range of cells, structural changes such as inserting a row or column betweenthe array or deleting a single cell in the array is not possible. The array acts as a single unit and can not be altered.
* In addition, editing can only be done if you highlight the entire array, then using the F2 key you can put the Array Function in editmode, make any necessary changes and then re-enter the Array Function using CSE.
* The keyboard shortcut to highlight the "current array" is Ctrl + / (Forward Slash)* Concept of relative & absolute does not apply when entering Array Formulas (if you copy formula after entering, they do apply.
* Video #8.
16* Examples:
* Video #9, Examples 10 to 20 show many examples of how selecting efficient functions & methods can save time, including helper columns.
Array Formula Rule #11: If you are adding the result of an array calculation, SUMPRODUCT can usually help you avoid Ctrl + Shift + Enter.* Most times SUMPRODUCT will help you to avoid CSE:
Array Formula Rule #12: Syntax and rules for array constants.
* Array constants entered into formulas do not require the special keystroke Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
Array Formula Rule #13: Non-Array Formulas can use array constants to save spreadsheet space.
Array Formula Rule #14: Array Functions guidelines.
Array Formula Rule #15: Array formulas entered into more than one cell using Ctrl + Shift + Enter act as a single unit.
Array Formula Rule #16: Selecting most efficient functions for Array Formula can reduced calculation time (may require timing).
* Video #9, Example 12: =COUNTIFS($B$71:$B$77,">=1"&F71&E71,$B$71:$B$77,"<="&EOMONTH(1&F71&E71,0))* Video #9, Example 18: =SUMPRODUCT(--(MONTH($B$71:$B$77)&YEAR($B$71:$B$77)=MONTH(F71&1)&E71))* Video 16, Example 9, 10 and 11: Use IF and ROWS function to deliver Null Text String instead of IFERROR for Data Extraction Formulas.
17* Some functions such as AGGREGATE, INDEX, LOOKUP, and SUMPRODUCT can handle array calculations without using Ctrl + Shift + Enter.* The following arguments can handle arrays:
3) lookup_vector and result_vector arguments can perform array calculations without Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
* Videos #9, 10 and 11.
18* The range & criteria_range arguments in SUMIF, SUMIFS, COUNTIF, COUNTIFS, AVERAGEIF & AVERAGEIFS functions
cannot perform array calculations.* A formula like: =SUMIF(YEAR(B6:B10),G7,C6:C10) will not calculate.
* The formula element, YEAR(B6:B10), creates an array which the range argument cannot handle.* A substitute method must be found such as =SUMIFS(C6:C10,B6:B10,">=1/1/"&F6,B6:B10,"<=12/13/"&F6) or a helper column solution.* Video #12.
* Range argument can handle ranges created by INDEX or OFFSET functions.* Example: =IF(B200<>"",COUNTIF(INDEX($C$198:C199,MATCH("Ω",$B$198:B199)):C199,">"&$F$199),"")* Video #13, Example 21.
* Criteria argument in COUNTIF and similar functions can handle arrays.* Example: =SUMPRODUCT(COUNTIF(B113:B117,TRIM(D113:D114)))
* Video #12, Example 9.* Example: =SUMPRODUCT(1/COUNTIF(B65:B70,B65:B70))
* Video #18, Examples 3, 4, 6, 7.
19* INDEX function to lookup a row or column.
* A zero or omitted in the row_num argument of INDEX tells the function to lookup "all the rows".* A zero or omitted in the column_num argument of INDEX tells the function to lookup "all the columns".* The output from the INDEX is a range, so even though evaluating it will show array syntax, it is a range that can be used in functions
that expect a range without using Ctrl + Shift + Enter.* Video #13, Example 1 and 2.
* Define Dynamic Range: A range that you can use in a formula, chart, PivotTable, etc. that can expand or contract when you add data.* Dynamic range formulas can be useful for formulas and charts that have source data that expands and contracts.
* INDEX function can be used to create a dynamic range formula.* Example: =$D$78:INDEX($D$78:$D$84,MATCH(9.99E+307,$D$78:$D$84))
* Video #13, Example 10.* OFFSET function can be used to create a formula produced dynamic range.
* Example: =OFFSET($B$133,,,COUNT($B$133:$B$139))* Video #13, Example 15.
* OFFSET is a volatile function that recalculates at each recalculation (like using the Enter key or inserting a row).* INDEX and OFFSET can create Dynamic Range Formulas. The output from these formulas is a range. If the formula does not contain any
* These formulas can be stored in a Defined Name. Defined Names can handle array and non-array formulas.
201 AND criteria = Multiplication = All Logical Test Must Be TRUE.2 COUNTIFS, SUMIFS, AVERAGEIFS & Nested IF functions do AND Criteria.3 OR Criteria = Adding = At Least 1 Logical Test Must Be TRUE.4 Boolean Adding for OR Criteria when result can be 2 or more.
* For OR Criteria, a number 1 or greater means TRUE.* For OR Criteria, a number 2 or greater:
1) May cause "counting formulas" to calculate an answer that is too big.
5 * Boolean Logic or Math or Calculations in Excel:TRUE*TRUE = 1*1 = 1 = TRUE TRUE+TRUE = 1+1= 2 = 2 = TRUE NOT TRUE = FALSE = 0TRUE*FALSE = 1*0 = 0 = FALSE TRUE+FALSE = 1+0= 1 = 1 = TRUE NOT FALSE = TRUE = 1FALSE*TRUE = 0*1 = 0 = FALSE FALSE+TRUE = 0+1= 1 = 1 = TRUE
Array Formula Rule #17: List of function arguments that can perform array calculations without Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
1) The array argument in AGGREGATE for functions 14 to 192) The array argument in INDEX
4) The array_1, array_2, etc. arguments in SUMPRODUCT
Array Formula Rule #18: range & criteria_range arguments in SUMIF, SUMIFS, COUNTIF and similar functions can't handle array calculations.
Array Formula Rule #19: INDEX & OFFSET functions can return a range of cells (a type of array).
array operation, they do not need CSE if housed in a function that expectes a range.
Array Formula Rule #20: Boolean AND and OR Criteria guidelines.
2) Will not adversely affect IF function logical_test argument formulas because theIF function logical_test argument interprets any non-zero number as TRUE.
FALSE*FALSE = 0*0 = 0 = FALSE FALSE+FALSE = 0+0= 0 = 0 = FALSE* See Video #14.
216 Any math operation converts TRUEs and FALEs to 1s and 0s.
* Double Negative tends to be faster and it binds more closely (Negation is calculated near the top of Excel's Order of Precedence).* Timing formulas depends on the exact functions and construction of formulas.* If you are concerned about slow calculation time, it pays to time different methods for your particular situation.* Excel MVP, Charles Williams has a great web site and free code that is great for timing formulas:Web Site:Code:Full articles about improving calculation time:
22
Benefits of Array Formulas.1) Given a desired formula result and the situational demands, Array Formula is best option.
* Said a different way: Array formulas can sometimes achieve what no other Excel method can achieve without using VBA code.2) Save spreadsheet space: take multiple column solution and reduce it down to a single cell formula.3) Make it hard to delete formulas. Not that much of a benefit because there are other ways to protect a sheet from formula deletion.
Drawbacks of Array Formulas.1) May slow down formula calculation time for spreadsheet. This is a concern for spreadsheets that contain
many formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations.2) Array Formulas sometimes require the special keystroke Ctrl + Shift + Enter.3) Other users of spreadsheet may have hard time using Array Formulas.4) Not as much information available about Array Formulas (compared to other topics in Excel such as PivotTables, Charts, Filter, and so on).5) Array Formulas are sometimes very complicated to create.
When considering the use of Array Formulas always consider whether other methods would be more efficient.1) Is there a built-in function that can do the same thing more efficiently?2) Could we use a helper column formula?3) Could we use helper cell formulas?4) Could we use Filter, Advanced Filter, or a PivotTable?5) For spreadsheets that contain many formulas with large numbers of cell references and calculations,
you may need to time different formula options to see which one is significantly faster.6) VBA code (beyond the scope of this DVD / Book.
Array Formula Rule #21: Converting TRUEs & FALSEs to 1s & 0s can be done with any math operation. Timing can determine the most efficient.
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Array Formula Rule #21: Advantages, Disadvantages and important points to consider when creating Array Formulas.
Main Array Formula Concepts:
Define Array: 2 or more items. Types of Array in Excel:
1) Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
2) Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
3) Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
4) Array Constants like: {1,2,3}. Curly brackets house array, comma = column, semi-colon = row.
Define Array Formula: A formula that performs an operation (math, comparative, join or function argument) on an array of items instead of a single item and many deliver a single item or more than one item.
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer)), not require CSE.
Ctrl + Shift + Enter is requires when array calculation is NOT placed in a function argument that can perform array calculations without Ctrl + Shift + Enter. If you forget to use Ctrl + Shift + Enter when it is required, you will get a #VALUE! error, or a potentially incorrect answer because of implicit intersection. Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require
CSE. Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE, example: =ROW(B6:B15)-ROW(B6)+1. Functions can handle arrays without Ctrl + Shift + Enter: SUMPRODUCT (array argument), LOOKUP (lookup_vector and result_vector arguments), INDEX (array
argument) and AGGREGATE (array argument). SUMIFS, COUNTIF and the like: 1) range and criteria_range arguments can’t handle arrays, 2) criteria argument can handle arrays, 3) range argument CAN handle
ranges created by INDEX and OFSSET functions. INDEX and OFFSET can create Dynamic Range Formulas. The output from these formulas is a range. If the formula does not contain any array operation, they do
not need CSE if housed in a function that expects a range. These formulas can be stored in a Defined Name. Defined Names can handle array and non-array formulas.
Boolean Logic: 1) AND Criteria requires that all logical tests get a TRUE; Direct Boolean AND Calculation is done with Multiplication. 2) OR Criteria requires that at least one logical test gets a TRUE; Direct Boolean OR Calculation is done with Adding; Care must be taken when the OR Criteria test can result in more than one TRUE, however, if the OR Boolean calculation is in the logical_test argument of the IF function, the IF function will interpret any non-zero number as a TRUE.
Any math operation can convert TRUEs & FALSEs to 1s and 0s. Double Negative tends to be faster and it binds more closely (Negation is calculated near the top of Excel's Order of Precedence).
Timing formulas can be helpful in reducing formula calculation time for spreadsheets that contain formulas with many cell references and calculations. Charles Williams provides the VBA code to time formulas here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/ff700515(v=office.14).aspx.
Because Array Formulas have the potential to have many cell references and calculations and therefore may slow formula calculation time and because Array Formulas may be complicated to create, it is important to always consider whether other methods would be more efficient: 1) Built-in function (COUNTIF, SUMIFS, D Functions, and so on), 2) Helper cells, 3) Filter, Advanced Filter, PivotTable.
Advantages of Array Formulas: 1) can save spreadsheet space by eliminating intermediate step and 2) can create solutions that other non-VBA method cannot achieve.
Drawbacks of Array Formulas: 1) may slow down formula calculation time, 2) may require a special key stroke, 3) Array Formulas are sometimes very complicated to create.
Main Array Formula Concepts:
Define Array: 2 or more items. Types of Array in Excel:
1) Ranges: E21:E24-D21:D24
2) Defined Names: ItemSoldAnswer
3) Arrays created by formula element:
IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12) creates: {FALSE;FALSE;9;FALSE;FALSE;6}
4) Array Constants like: {1,2,3}. Curly brackets house array, comma = column, semi-colon = row.
Define Array Formula: A formula that performs an operation (math, comparative, join or function argument) on an array of items instead of a single item and many deliver a single item or more than one item.
Math Array Operations:
=MAX(E21:E24-D21:D24) , required CSE.
Comparative Array Operation:
=MIN(IF($B$7:$B$12=E7,$C$7:$C$12)) , required CSE.
Join Array Operation:
=INDEX($D$8:$D$21,MATCH($F9&"|"&G$8,$B$8:$B$21&"|"&$C$8:$C$21,0)) , required CSE.
Function Argument Array Operation:
=SUMPRODUCT(SUMIFS(CostAnswer,ProductAnswer,ItemSoldAnswer)), not require CSE.
Ctrl + Shift + Enter is requires when array calculation is NOT placed in a function argument that can perform array calculations without Ctrl + Shift + Enter. If you forget to use Ctrl + Shift + Enter when it is required, you will get a #VALUE! error, or a potentially incorrect answer because of implicit intersection. Array Functions (TRANSPOSE, MMULT, and more): 1) Deliver more than one value, 2) Must highlight more than one cell before creating the formula, 3) Require
CSE. Some Array Formulas that deliver more than one value can be entered into more than one cell with CSE, example: =ROW(B6:B15)-ROW(B6)+1. Functions can handle arrays without Ctrl + Shift + Enter: SUMPRODUCT (array argument), LOOKUP (lookup_vector and result_vector arguments), INDEX (array
argument) and AGGREGATE (array argument). SUMIFS, COUNTIF and the like: 1) range and criteria_range arguments can’t handle arrays, 2) criteria argument can handle arrays, 3) range argument CAN handle
ranges created by INDEX and OFSSET functions. INDEX and OFFSET can create Dynamic Range Formulas. The output from these formulas is a range. If the formula does not contain any array operation, they do
not need CSE if housed in a function that expects a range. These formulas can be stored in a Defined Name. Defined Names can handle array and non-array formulas.
Boolean Logic: 1) AND Criteria requires that all logical tests get a TRUE; Direct Boolean AND Calculation is done with Multiplication. 2) OR Criteria requires that at least one logical test gets a TRUE; Direct Boolean OR Calculation is done with Adding; Care must be taken when the OR Criteria test can result in more than one TRUE, however, if the OR Boolean calculation is in the logical_test argument of the IF function, the IF function will interpret any non-zero number as a TRUE.
Any math operation can convert TRUEs & FALSEs to 1s and 0s. Double Negative tends to be faster and it binds more closely (Negation is calculated near the top of Excel's Order of Precedence).
Timing formulas can be helpful in reducing formula calculation time for spreadsheets that contain formulas with many cell references and calculations. Charles Williams provides the VBA code to time formulas here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/ff700515(v=office.14).aspx.
Because Array Formulas have the potential to have many cell references and calculations and therefore may slow formula calculation time and because Array Formulas may be complicated to create, it is important to always consider whether other methods would be more efficient: 1) Built-in function (COUNTIF, SUMIFS, D Functions, and so on), 2) Helper cells, 3) Filter, Advanced Filter, PivotTable.
Advantages of Array Formulas: 1) can save spreadsheet space by eliminating intermediate step and 2) can create solutions that other non-VBA method cannot achieve.
Drawbacks of Array Formulas: 1) may slow down formula calculation time, 2) may require a special key stroke, 3) Array Formulas are sometimes very complicated to create.
#VALUE!
1 Why use formulas to extract records from table, when there is the Filter feature?1 * Extracting records from a Proper Table with field names is a common data analysis task that can be done many ways.2 * We will look at these methods:
1 Filter2 Advanced Filter3 Non-Array Formula with helper column and INDEX function.4 Array formula using SMALL Function and INDEX function.5 Array formula using AGGREGATE Function and INDEX function.
3 * 3, 4, 5 methods have the advantage that as soon as you type the criteria into cell & hit enter, the records are instantly extracted.If you are continually changing criteria & you want to see instant results or you want to build a user friendly solution, formulas are great.
4 * Filter and Advanced Filter, generally, do not require a lot of extra formulas and are quick and easy,however results do not appear immediately, like with formulas.
5 We are not considering VBA solutions here even though they are a great way to automate data extraction.
2 Formulas to extract records often contain a large number of ranges & calculations & therefore may significantly increase spreadsheet calculation time.
* To reduce calculation time it is important to consider: helper cells, helper columns, Boolean Logic construction and efficient functions.
3 Filter for extracting records with AND Criteria.Criteria: Date Date Region
>=6/1/12 <=5/31/13 West
Date Region Customer Units7/29/13 West WFMI 929
2/7/12 East SW 6819/23/12 Midwest K 13934/14/12 West WFMI 5307/26/12 East WFMI 1058
10/12/13 Midwest SW 102311/3/12 West K 436
9/3/13 West K 13114/23/12 Midwest K 3687/13/12 West WFMI 1206
Extract Area:Date Region Customer Units
11/3/12 West K 4367/13/12 West WFMI 1206
Filter Notes:1) Proper Data Set = Field names in 1st row, records in rows, empty cells, Excel row headers, or Excel column headers all the ay around data set.2) Click in a single cell in Proper Data Set.3) Ctrl + Shift + L = toggle keyboard for Filter.
Topics Sheet
4) Use Between filter on Date field.5) Use "West" checkbox on Region field.6) Ctrl + * to highlight table (Ctrl + Shift + * on non-10key keyboard).7) Ctrl + C to copy.8) Ctrl + V to paste.* Advantage: does not require building formulas. Easy to learn how to do.* Disadvantage: Not automatic like formulas.
4 Advanced Filter for extracting records with AND Criteria.Criteria: Date Date Region
>=6/1/12 <=5/31/13 WestData Extracted to cell X56 ==>>
Date Region Customer Units7/29/13 West WFMI 929
2/7/12 East SW 6819/23/12 Midwest K 13934/14/12 West WFMI 5307/26/12 East WFMI 1058
10/12/13 Midwest SW 102311/3/12 West K 436
9/3/13 West K 13114/23/12 Midwest K 3687/13/12 West WFMI 1206
Advanced Filter Notes:1) Field names in criteria area must be spelled the same as field names in Proper Data Set.2) AND Criteria will be in "same row", including repeating field names if necessary.3) OR Criteria is in "different rows".4) Click in a single cell in proper data set.5) Open Advanced Filter dialog box: Alt, A, Q (or Alt, A, F, F).6) Action: "Copy to another location".7) List range: highlight table.8) Criteria range: Highlight filed names and criteria.9) Copy to: Click in desired cell. Data below may get deleted when you extract - so select area carefully.* Advantage: does not require building formulas. Easy to learn how to do. Show criteria in cells (Filter does not)* Disadvantage: Not automatic like formulas. Does mean that you have to type stuff in cells and use a dialog box. Creates Defined Names "Extract" and "Criteria".
5 Why formulas for extracting records are so complicated.* When you are matching criteria against records and you can get more than one record to match the criteria,
two problems are created that standard lookup functions (like VLOOKUP) cannot handle:1) We have duplicate records that match our criteria.2) We need to retrieve and then return to our cells more than one item.
* In particular, if you are dealing with a vertical data set, once you determine all the records that match the criteria, you must create a formulaelement that will calculate the "row numbers for the matched records" that can be used in a lookup function like INDEX.
* For helper column solutions, we can create the "row numbers for the matched records" in a column
(significantly faster formula calculation time than non-helper column Array Formulas).* For non-helper column Array Formulas, we will have to create an array of "row numbers for the matched records" inside our lookup Array Formula.
6 Helper column non-Array Formula for extracting records with AND Criteria.Criteria: Date Date Region Count <<== Helper Cell to we run MAX calculation
6/1/2012 5/31/2013 West 2 only 1 time. Reduces Formula Calculation Time.
Date Region Customer Units Helper Col. Extract Area:7/29/13 West WFMI 929 0 No. Date Region
2/7/12 East SW 681 0 1 11/3/12 West9/23/12 Midwest K 1393 0 2 7/13/12 West4/14/12 West WFMI 530 0 37/26/12 East WFMI 1058 0 4
10/12/13 Midwest SW 1023 0 511/3/12 West K 436 1
9/3/13 West K 1311 1 IFERROR can be okay for small data sets, but not for large ones. More later…4/23/12 Midwest K 368 1 No Date Region7/13/12 West WFMI 1206 2 1 11/3/12 West
2 7/13/12 West* Learn about INDEX & MATCH functions on sheet (1), Ex: 13. 3
4Calculation notes for helper column formulas:* =SUM(F98,AND(B99>=$C$96,B99<=$D$96,C99=$E$96))
* AND delivers a TRUE when all three criteria are met. If we had OR criteria, we would use OR function (1 or more criteria = TRUE).* Any math operation on TRUE or FALSE converts it to a 1 or 0.
SUM function performs a math operation on TRUE or FALSE.* SUM function is programmed to ignore text values.
* =IF($H100>$I$96,"",INDEX(B$99:B$108,MATCH($H100,$F$99:$F$108,0)))* Simple INDEX and MATCH lookup formula with IF or IFERROR (IFERROR dramatically increases formula calculation time for large data sets).
* The MATCH function and Exact Match, 0 in third argument is key to skipping over duplicate numbers in helper column..
7 Array formula using INDEX & SMALL functions for extracting records with AND Criteria.Criteria: Date Date Region Count (2007) Count (2003)
1/1/2012 5/31/2013 West 3 3
Date Region Customer Units Extract Area:7/29/13 West WFMI 929 Date Region
2/7/12 East SW 681 4/14/2012 West9/23/12 Midwest K 1393 11/3/2012 West4/14/12 West WFMI 530 7/13/2012 West7/26/12 East WFMI 1058
10/12/13 Midwest SW 102311/3/12 West K 436
9/3/13 West K 13114/23/12 Midwest K 368 IFERROR can cause calculation time to increase. More later…
CSE ==>>
7/13/12 West WFMI 1206 4/14/12 West
Calculating notes for record extraction Array Formula with INDEX and SMALL Functions: =IF(ROWS(I$128:I128)>$I$124,"",INDEX(B$127:B$136,SMALL(IF($B$127:$B$136>=$C$124,IF($B$127:$B$136<=$D$124,
IF($C$127:$C$136=$E$124,ROW($B$127:$B$136)-ROW($B$127)+1))),ROWS(I$128:I128))))Impetus for creating Array Formula:* We cannot use a helper column, or Filter or Advanced Filter.* We need to make the data extraction automatic: change the criteria in the cell, the formulas update instantly.* From point number 5 above, standard lookup functions (like VLOOKUP) have problems with:
1) We have duplicate records that match our criteria.2) We need to return more than one item.
Calculation Summary:1) Let's think about what the INDEX function will need if we have two matching records in row 7 and 10, & we want to copy the function down:
* The row_num argument for INDEX will need a 7 and then a 10 as we copy the formula down.
* ROW($B$127:$B$136) creates the array: {127;128;129;130;131;132;133;134;135;136}* ROW($B$127:$B$136)-ROW($B$127) creates the array: {0;1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9}* ROW($B$127:$B$136)-ROW($B$127)+1 creates the array: {1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10}* This formula element is robust because it refers to cells inside the data set and will retain the correct array of row numbers
even if the data set is moved or other structural changes are made such as inserting rows above the data set.* We need to alter this array of row numbers so that the array contains the numbers 7 and 10 only.* We can do this with the IF Function and our three criteria..
=IF($B$127:$B$136>=$C$124,IF($B$127:$B$136<=$D$124,IF($C$127:$C$136=$E$124,{1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10})))* Three IF functions are used for the three AND criteria: all three must be TRUE.* IF($B$127:$B$136>=$C$124,IF($B$127:$B$136<=$D$124,IF($C$127:$C$136=$E$124 creates the array:
{FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE}
* The value_if_false argument is left empty so that the logical value FALSE will be put into the array whenever the record has not a match.* IF({FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE},{1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10}))) creates the array:
{FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;7;FALSE;FALSE;10}
{FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;7;FALSE;FALSE;10}
* The FALSE values are very important because when we put this array into the small function, the small will not see the FALSE values.* If we had used Boolean Multiplying instead, we would have created this array: {0;0;0;0;0;0;7;0;0;10}, which would not have worked
in the SMALL function because the smallest numbers would then be 0 (zero).*The ROWS(I$128:I128) formula element will increment numbers as we copy the formula down the column.* If we could watch SMALL get copied down the column, it would look like this:
* The hard part will be to create an array of "row numbers for the matched records" in our formula.
* =INDEX(B$127:B$136,7)* =INDEX(B$127:B$136,10)
2) Let's look at how to create an entire array of potential row numbers for all 10 records: =ROW($B$127:$B$136)-ROW($B$127)+1
3) Let's look at how the IF function can narrow down the full array of row numbers:
4) =IF({FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE},{1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10})))
* The three IF functions and our ROW formula element have created our "row numbers for the matched records":
5) Let's look at how SMALL function can extract the row number 7 and then 10 as we copy the formula down. =SMALL({FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;7;FALSE;FALSE;10},ROWS(I$128:I128))
* =SMALL({FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;7;FALSE;FALSE;10},1) = 7
* Now we can see that the result from the SMALL function is just delivering the row numbers to the INDEX function:
* This just shows "nothing" (null text string) when the formula is copied past the row with our last extracted record.* ROWS(I$128:I128) increments the numbers 1, 2,… as the formula is copied down.* The Cell $I$124:
* Is a "Helper Cell" that contains the formula:=COUNTIFS(B234:B243,">="&C231,B234:B243,"<="&D231,C234:C243,E231).* The Helper Cell formula calculates "the number of records that match".* The Helper Cell reduces formula calculation time. If we did not use it we would have to repeat this calculation once in each cell (400 times).
* If we had used the IFERROR function to deliver the null text string, instead of the IF function formula calculation time would increase because:* IFERROR would have to run the full INDEX/SMALL formula element in all 400 cells.* The logical_test in the IF function does not run the INDEX/SMALL formula element in the cells that contain a null text string.
and when it is copied down it gets the next matching record.Entering formula into cell:
Conclusion:* If you need a formula that can handle lookups when there are: 1) duplicate records that match the criteria, 2) need to return more than one item,
and 3) can't use a helper column or the Filter feature, this type of formula can do it.
8 Let's remind ourselves about how the Excel 2010 AGGREGATE function works (not available in earlier versions).
1st argument 2nd argumentfunction_num Function option what it does
1 AVERAGE 0 Ignore nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functions2 COUNT 1 Ignore hidden rows, nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functions3 COUNTA 2 Ignore error values, nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functions4 MAX 3 Ignore hidden rows, error values, nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functions5 MIN 4 Ignore nothing6 PRODUCT 5 Ignore hidden rows7 STDDEV.S 6 Ignore error values8 STDDEV.P 7 Ignore hidden rows and error values9 SUM
10 VAR.S11 VAR.P12 MEDIAN13 MODE.SNGL14 LARGE <<== 14-19 will allow us to perform array calculations in the AGGREGATE's array argument.15 SMALL <<== 15 means make SMALL calculation16 PERCENTILE.INC17 QUARTILE.INC
* =SMALL({FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;7;FALSE;FALSE;10},2) = 10
* =INDEX(B$127:B$136,7)* =INDEX(B$127:B$136,10)
6) Let's look at the first part of the formula: =IF(ROWS(I$128:I128)>$I$124,"",
7) The formula delivers a single number: 11/3/2012, but as it is copied to the side, it will retrieve the next item in the record,
* Because the array calculations are in the IF Function, we must use CSE.
* In our next example, we will see how to use the Excel 2010 function, AGGREGATE, as a substitute for SMALL that will allow us to avoid CSE.
* Arguments for function: =AGGREGATE( function_num , option , array , [k] )
18 PERCENTILE.EXC19 QUARTILE.EXC
* So for us, we need something like this: =AGGREGATE(15,6,"array calculation to create row numbers for the matched records",1) =AGGREGATE(15,6,"array calculation to create row numbers for the matched records",2)
9 Array formula using INDEX & AGGREGATE functions for extracting records with AND Criteria.Criteria: Date Date Region Count (2007) Count (2003)
6/1/2012 5/31/2013 East 1 1
Date Region Customer Units Extract Area:7/29/13 West WFMI 929 No Date Region
2/7/12 East SW 681 1 #NAME? #NAME?9/23/12 Midwest K 1393 24/14/12 West WFMI 530 37/26/12 East WFMI 1058 4
10/12/13 Midwest SW 1023 511/3/12 West K 436 6
9/3/13 West K 13114/23/12 Midwest K 368 Don't use IFERROR for data extraction if there are many cells that need blank.7/13/12 West WFMI 1206
Calculating notes for record extraction Array Formula with INDEX and AGGREGATE functions: =IF(ROWS(I$235:I235)>$I$231,"",INDEX(B$234:B$243,AGGREGATE(15,6,(ROW($B$234:$B$243)-ROW($B$234)+1)/(($B$234:$B$243>=$C$231)*
($B$234:$B$243<=$D$231)*($C$234:$C$243=$E$231)),ROWS(I$243:I243))))Impetus for creating Array Formula:* Same as previous example, except we will use the AGGREGATE function instead of the SMALL function
to avoid having to use CSE to enter our Array Formula into the cell.Calculation Summary:
1) As with our last example, we need to use INDEX and these two row numbers:* =INDEX(B$234:B$243,7)* =INDEX(B$234:B$243,10)
2) As with our last example, we will need to create an array of potential row numbers:
* Be sure to have the ROW function formula element in parentheses to force the addition and subtraction to calculate before the division.* Unlike our last example, we cannot use the IF function to narrow down the full array of row numbers because the IF function
* Instead, we will divide the array of all potential row numbers by the Boolean AND criteria.
* Be sure to have the Boolean AND Criteria calculation in an extra set of parentheses to force the multiplying to calculate before the division.* ($B$234:$B$243>=$C$231)*($B$234:$B$243<=$D$231)*($C$234:$C$243=$E$231) creates the array: {0;0;0;0;0;0;1;0;0;1}
* Arguments for function: =AGGREGATE( function_num , option , array , [k] )* array argument can perform array calculation without using the special keystroke CSE.
With AGGREGATE we don't have to use CSE.
* (ROW($B$234:$B$243)-ROW($B$234)+1) creates the array: {1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10}
logical_test argument's requirement to use CSE would trump the AGGREGATE function array argument's lack of requirement to use CSE.
3) =({1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10})/(($B$234:$B$243>=$C$231)*($B$234:$B$243<=$D$231)*($C$234:$C$243=$E$231))
4) ={1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10}/{0;0;0;0;0;0;1;0;0;1}
* {1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10}/{0;0;0;0;0;0;1;0;0;1} creates the array {#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;7;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;10}* Notice that if we had used multiplication instead of division to narrow down the full array we would have had:
{1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10}*{0;0;0;0;0;0;1;0;0;1} ==>> {0;0;0;0;0;0;7;0;0;10} ==>> this would not have worked in the SMALL.* The "Divide By Zero" errors are good for us because they have removed the row numbers for records that do not match.
* The function_num argument in AGGREGATE tells the function to make the "SMALL function" calculation (15 = SMALL).
* The options argument in AGGREGATE comes to the rescue to help us "Ignore Errors" (6 = ignore error values).* If we could watch AGGREGATE get copied down the column, it would look like this:
* Now we can see that the result from the AGGREGATE function is just delivering the row numbers to the INDEX function:
* Same as previous example.
and when it is copied down it gets the next matching record.Entering formula into cell:
Conclusion:* If you need a formula in Excel 2010 or later (not available in Excel 2007 or earlier) that can handle lookups when there are: 1) duplicate records that
match the criteria, 2) need to return more than one item, and 3) can't use a helper column or the Filter feature, this type of formula can do it.
10 Timing huge data set for Helper Column, INDEX & AGGREGATE functions, INDEX & SMALL functions, and the use of IFERROR.Helper Time 1 0.708
Time 2 0.707 * Data set had 250,000 rows, there were 4 criteria for data extraction,Time 3 0.707 decrease in time there were about 400 cells in data extraction area, & computer had 4 processors.Time 4 0.719 over AGGREGATE * See workbook: "SMALL AGGREGATE Timing.xlsm".Ave: 0.71025 -0.97304784
Conclusion:AGGREGATE Time 1 26.437 * Helper column is very fast.
Time 2 26.346 * AGGREGATE and SMALL are very close in calculation time.Time 3 26.286 decrease in time * IF function should be used to deliver the Null Text String instead ofTime 4 26.34 over SMALL IFERROR because it can significantly reduce formula calculation time.Ave: 26.35225 -0.05022391
* Timing formulas depends on the exact functions and construction of formulas.SMALL Time 1 27.73 * If you are concerned about slow calculation time, it pays to time different
Time 2 27.74 methods for your particular situation.Time 3 27.74 * Excel MVP, Charles Williams has a great web site and free codeTime 4 27.773 that is great for timing formulas:Ave: 27.74575 Web Site:
Code:with IFERROR Time 1 60.74 Full articles about improving calculation time:
Time 2 60.73
5) =AGGREGATE(15,6,{#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;7;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;10},ROWS(I$235:I235)))
5) =AGGREGATE(15,6,{#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;7;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;10},ROWS(I$235:I235)))
* =AGGREGATE(15,6,{#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;7;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;10},1)= 7* =AGGREGATE(15,6,{#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;7;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;10},2) = 10
* =INDEX(B$127:B$136,7)* =INDEX(B$127:B$136,10)
6) The first part of the formula: =IF(ROWS(I$235:I235)>$I$231,"",
7) The formula delivers a single number: 11/3/2012, but as it is copied to the side, it will retrieve the next item in the record,
* Because the array calculations are in the AGGREGATE function's array argument, we do NOT need CSE.
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http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/aa730921(v=office.12).aspx
Time 3 60.77Time 4 60.76Ave: 60.75 * For timing results see workbook: "SMALL AGGREGATE Timing.xlsm".
11 Efficient & Inefficient use of IFERROR function.
Efficient use of IFERROR Inefficient use of IFERRORWe have to run only 1 VLOOKUP.Employee Comm Rate <<== Cells that deliver extracted value must run INDEX/AGGREGATE formula element.Jo 0.015 <<== Cells that deliver null text must run INDEX/AGGREGATE formula element.
Before 2007, had to run 2 VLOOKUPs.Employee Comm Ratedfsghfd Not In Table
Employee Comm RateJo 0.015Phil 0.0175Sioux 0.019
12 Display extracted records vertically using ROWS function or horizontally using COLUMNS function.Criteria: Region Customer Count
West WFMI 3 Extract Area:Units
Date Region Customer Units #VALUE!7/29/13 West WFMI 929 #NAME?
2/7/12 East SW 681 #NAME?9/23/12 Midwest K 13934/14/12 West WFMI 5307/26/12 East WFMI 1058
10/12/13 Midwest SW 102311/3/12 West K 436 Extract Area:
9/3/13 West K 1311 Units #NAME?4/23/12 Midwest K 3687/13/12 West WFMI 1206 * The only difference is that you must use COLUMNS as your
number incrementor, instead of ROWS.
13 Filter for extracting records with OR Criteria.Region <<== OR criteria on different rows, AND Criteria on same rowWestEast
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/ff700515(v=office.14).aspx
Date Region Customer Units7/29/13 West WFMI 929
2/7/12 East SW 6819/23/12 Midwest K 13934/14/12 West WFMI 5307/26/12 East WFMI 1058
10/12/13 Midwest SW 102311/3/12 West K 436
9/3/13 West K 13114/23/12 Midwest K 3687/13/12 West WFMI 1206
Extract Area:Date Region Customer Units
7/29/13 West WFMI 9292/7/12 East SW 681
4/14/12 West WFMI 5307/26/12 East WFMI 105811/3/12 West K 436
9/3/13 West K 13117/13/12 West WFMI 1206
* Filter Notes: See example 2 above.
14 Advanced Filter for extracting records with OR Criteria.Region <<== OR criteria on different rows, AND Criteria on same row.WestEast Data Extracted to cell AB388 ==>>
Date Region Customer Units7/29/13 West WFMI 929
2/7/12 East SW 6819/23/12 Midwest K 13934/14/12 West WFMI 5307/26/12 East WFMI 1058
10/12/13 Midwest SW 102311/3/12 West K 436
9/3/13 West K 13114/23/12 Midwest K 3687/13/12 West WFMI 1206
* Advanced Filter Notes: See example 3 above.OR Criteria Extracting Records Formulas: 4 examples: 1) Helper, 2) AGGREGATE with Boolean, 3) AGGREGATE with MATCH, 4) SMALL and IF.
15 Example 1: Non-Array Formula with helper column for extracting records with OR Criteria.
RegionWest CountEast 7
Date Region Customer Units Helper Extract Area:7/29/13 West WFMI 929 1 No. Date Region
2/7/12 East SW 681 2 1 7/29/13 West9/23/12 Midwest K 1393 2 2 2/7/12 East4/14/12 West WFMI 530 3 3 4/14/12 West7/26/12 East WFMI 1058 4 4 7/26/12 East
10/12/13 Midwest SW 1023 4 5 11/3/12 West11/3/12 West K 436 5 6 9/3/13 West
9/3/13 West K 1311 6 7 7/13/12 West4/23/12 Midwest K 368 6 87/13/12 West WFMI 1206 7 9
* Helper Column Notes: See example 5 above.
16 Array formula for extracting records with OR Criteria (3 examples).Region CountWest 7East
Date Region Customer Units Extract Area:7/29/13 West WFMI 929 No. Date Region
2/7/12 East SW 681 1 #NAME? #NAME?9/23/12 Midwest K 1393 2 #NAME? #NAME?4/14/12 West WFMI 530 3 #NAME? #NAME?7/26/12 East WFMI 1058 4 #NAME? #NAME?
10/12/13 Midwest SW 1023 5 #NAME? #NAME?11/3/12 West K 436 6 #NAME? #NAME?
9/3/13 West K 1311 7 #NAME? #NAME?4/23/12 Midwest K 368 87/13/12 West WFMI 1206 9
Extract Area:No. Date Region
1 #NAME? #NAME?2 #NAME? #NAME?3 #NAME? #NAME?4 #NAME? #NAME?5 #NAME? #NAME?6 #NAME? #NAME?7 #NAME? #NAME?
Example 2: Excel 2010 AGGREGATE and Boolean Logic (faster than MATCH with 2 OR Criteria):
Example 3: Excel 2010 AGGREGATE and MATCH functions:
89
Extract Area:No. Date Region
1 7/29/13 West2 2/7/12 East3 4/14/12 West4 7/26/12 East5 11/3/12 West6 9/3/13 West7 7/13/12 West89
*INDEX & AGGREGATE functions Notes: See example 8 above.* Boolean Logic Notes: See Video #14.* Because we had OR Criteria, we created a pattern of TRUEs and FALSES for matched records with either:
1) ISNUMBER(MATCH($C$430:$C$439,$B$426:$B$427,0)) created the array: {TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE}* The MATCH($C$430:$C$439,$B$426:$B$427,0) created the array: {1;2;#N/A;1;2;#N/A;1;1;#N/A;1}
2) (($C$430:$C$439=$B$426)+($C$430:$C$439=$B$427)) created the array: {1;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;0;1}* Boolean OR Criteria Calculation is faster than using MATCH with Exact Match.
1) =IF($H431>$I$426,"",INDEX(B$430:B$439,AGGREGATE(15,6,(ROW($B$430:$B$439)-ROW($B$430)+1)/ISNUMBER(MATCH($C$430:$C$439,$B$426:$B$427,0)),$H431)))
2) =IF($H444>$I$426,"",INDEX(B$430:B$439,AGGREGATE(15,6,(ROW($B$430:$B$439)-ROW($B$430)+1)/(($C$430:$C$439=$B$426)+($C$430:$C$439=$B$427)),$H444)))
1) =IF($H457>$I$426,"",INDEX(B$430:B$439,SMALL(IF(ISNUMBER(MATCH($C$430:$C$439,$B$426:$B$427,0)),ROW($B$430:$B$439)-ROW($B$430)+1),$H457)))
2) =IF($H457>$I$426,"",INDEX(B$430:B$439,SMALL(IF(($C$430:$C$439=$B$426)+($C$430:$C$439=$B$427),ROW($B$430:$B$439)-ROW($B$430)+1),$H457)))
* The ISNUMBER & MATCH functions method of calculating TRUEs and FALSEs for OR Criteria can be easier when creating the formula, but couldsignificantly increase formula calculation time when using Exact Match.
17 Timing formulas for extracting records with OR Criteria: Helper Column, Boolean OR Calculation or MATCH function with Exact Match?* See timing results in workbook: "OR Criteria MATCH or Boolean.xlsm".Helper BooleanTime 1 0.015 Time 1 0.17677Time 2 0.0152 Time 2 0.17696Time 3 0.01763 % Decrease over Time 3 0.17836Time 4 0.01538 Boolean Time 4 0.18183Ave 0.0158025 -0.91146067 Ave 0.17848
Example 4: Excel 2007 SMALL and Boolean:
CSE ==>>
* In Excel 2010 or later you can use these formulas that do NOT require CSE:
* In Excel 2007 or earlier you can use these formulas that REQUIRES CSE:
MATCH with Exact Match MATCH and Sorted Column - it maybe hard to sort if there are many columns in data set.Time 1 0.2583 2 OR criteria timing Time 1 0.15684Time 2 0.2638 5 Crietria timing ==>> Time 2 0.16123Time 3 0.25628 Time 3 0.1696Time 4 0.25365 Time 4 0.16217Ave 0.2580075 Ave 0.16246
* Data set had over 8,500 rows, there were 2 criteria for data extraction,there were about 200 cells in data extraction area, & computer had 4 processors.* See workbook: "OR Criteria MATCH or Boolean.xlsm".Conclusion:* Helper column is very fast.* Boolean OR Criteria Adding Calculation may be significantly faster than using MATCH function with Exact Match.
* Timing formulas depends on the exact functions and construction of formulas.* If you are concerned about slow calculation time, it pays to time differentmethods for your particular situation.* Excel MVP, Charles Williams has a great web site and free codethat is great for timing formulas:Web Site:Code: (Excel 2007)
(Excel (2010)
18 Array formula using INDEX & AGGREGATE functions for extracting records in a Two-Way Lookup with OR and AND Criteria.
Region Region Count CountWest OR K AND 5 2 2
* MOD function tells you what the whole number remainder is after doing division. Examples: =MOD(530,5) = 0 or MOD(533,5) = 3.
Date Region Customer Units Helper Date Units7/29/13 West WFMI 929 0 1 4/14/2012 530
2/7/12 East SW 681 0 2 7/13/2012 12059/23/12 Midwest K 1393 0 34/14/12 West WFMI 530 1 47/26/12 East WFMI 1000 1
10/12/13 Midwest SW 1025 1 Date Units11/3/12 West K 436 1 1 #NAME? #NAME?
9/3/13 West K 1311 1 2 #NAME? #NAME?4/23/12 Midwest K 368 1 37/13/12 West WFMI 1205 2 4
Date Units1 4/14/2012 530
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http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/ff700515(v=office.14).aspx
Units Divisable by 5
2 7/13/2012 120534
Notes:*INDEX & AGGREGATE functions Notes: See example 8 above.* Boolean Logic Notes: See Video #14.
* The OR Criteria is not mutually exclusive and so we could get a count of 2.* For Boolean OR Criteria do Adding* For Boolean AND Criteria do Multiplying
* To do both AND and OR Criteria you must combine the Adding and the Multiplying.Calculating notes for AND and OR Criteria in AGGREGATE:
* Parentheses force the equating to calculate before the adding.* Then the adding.* The adding represents Boolean OR Criteria.* ($C$526:$C$535=$B$521)+($D$526:$D$535=$D$521) creates the array: {2;0;0;2;1;0;1;1;0;2}
* {2;0;0;2;1;0;1;1;0;2}>0 creates the array: {TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE}
* MOD($E$526:$E$535,$F$521) creates the array: {4;1;3;0;0;0;1;1;3;0}. This array tells just the remainder part after division.* An answer of zero (0) means the number is divisible by 5.* ({4;1;3;0;0;0;1;1;3;0}=0) delivers the array: {FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE}
* The multiplying represents Boolean AND Criteria.* ({TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE}*{FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE})
creates the array: {0;0;0;1;1;0;0;0;0;1}
* The 1s represent the rows that meet the AND and OR criteria.
Helper Column and INDEX Array Formula:* =SUM(F525,AND(OR(C526=$B$521,D526=$D$521),MOD(E526,$F$521)=0))* =MAX(F526:F535)* =IF($H526>$J$521,"",INDEX($B$526:$E$535,MATCH(ROWS(I$526:I526),$F$526:$F$535,0),MATCH(I$525,$B$525:$E$525,0)))AGGREGATE and INDEX Array Formula:* =SUMPRODUCT(--(($C$526:$C$535=$B$521)+($D$526:$D$535=$D$521)>0),--(MOD($E$526:$E$535,$F$521)=0))* =IF($H532>$I$521,"",INDEX($B$526:$E$535,AGGREGATE(15,6,(ROW($E$526:$E$535)-ROW($E$526)+1)/((($C$526:$C$535=$B$521)+($D$526:$D$535=$D$521)>0)*(MOD($E$526:$E$535,$F$521)=0)),$H532),MATCH(I$531,$B$525:$E$525,0)))SMALL and INDEX Array Formula (requires CSE): * =SUMPRODUCT(--(($C$526:$C$535=$B$521)+($D$526:$D$535=$D$521)>0),--(MOD($E$526:$E$535,$F$521)=0))* =IF($H538>$I$521,"",INDEX($B$526:$E$535,SMALL(IF(($C$526:$C$535=$B$521)+($D$526:$D$535=$D$521),IF(MOD($E$526:$E$535,$F$521)=0,ROW($E$526:$E$535)-ROW($E$526)+1)),$H538),MATCH(I$531,$B$525:$E$525,0)))
19 Extract Names in List 2 that are NOT in List 1: Helper Column. CountList 1 List 2 Helper 3Joe Cynthia 0
1) ((($C$526:$C$535=$B$521)+($D$526:$D$535=$D$521)>0)*(MOD($E$526:$E$535,$F$521)=0))
2) (({2;0;0;2;1;0;1;1;0;2}>0)*(MOD($E$526:$E$535,$F$521)=0))* The >0 helps to deal with the OR Criteria that is not Mutually Exclusive.
3) ({TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE}*(MOD($E$526:$E$535,$F$521)=0))
4) ({TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE}*{FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE})
5) {0;0;0;1;1;0;0;0;0;1}
Cynthia Gigi 1 No Names in List 2 that are NOT in List 1Mo Timmy 1 1 GigiTimmy Omar 2 2 Omar
Tina 3 3 Tina45
Helper Formula:* =SUM(E582,ISNA(MATCH(D583,B583:B586,0)))Count formula:* =MAX(E583:E587)Extract Formula:* =IF(I585>$I$582,"",INDEX($D$583:$D$587,MATCH(I585,$E$583:$E$587,0)))Advantage as compared to #19 and #20:* Faster calculating and maybe easier to create.
20 Extract Names in List 2 that are NOT in List 1: 2010 Array Formula. CountList 1 List 2 3Joe CynthiaCynthia Gigi Names in List 2 that are NOT in List 1Mo Timmy #NAME?Timmy Omar #NAME?
Tina #NAME?
Count formula:* =SUMPRODUCT(--(ISNA(MATCH($D$602:$D$606,$B$602:$B$605,0))))
* =IF(ROWS(I$604:I604)>$I$582,"",INDEX($D$602:$D$606,AGGREGATE(15,6,(ROW($D$602:$D$606)-ROW($D$602)+1)/ISNA(MATCH($D$602:$D$606,$B$602:$B$605,0)),ROWS(I$604:I604))))Advantage as compared to #18:* Does not need helper column.
21 Extract Names in List 2 that are NOT in List 1: 2003 Array Formula. CountList 1 List 2 3Joe CynthiaCynthia Gigi Names in List 2 that are NOT in List 1Mo Timmy GigiTimmy Omar Omar
Tina Tina
Count formula:* =SUMPRODUCT(--(ISNA(MATCH($D$619:$D$623,$B$619:$B$622,0))))
Excel 2010 or later solution (NO CSE)
Extract Formula (does not need CSE, but only works in Excel 2010 or later):
Excel 2007 or earlier solution (YES CSE)
* =IF(ROWS(I$621:I621)>$I$582,"",INDEX($D$619:$D$623,SMALL(IF(ISNA(MATCH($D$619:$D$623,$B$619:$B$622,0)),ROW($D$619:$D$623)-ROW($D$619)+1),ROWS(I$621:I621))))Advantage as compared to #18:* Does not need helper column.
22 Use Helper Column in Data Extraction Area when you can't have one in Data Area.Region CountWest 7East
Excel 2010 AGGREGATE to extract with OR CriteriaDate Region Customer Units Extract Area:
7/29/13 West WFMI 929 No. Date Region2/7/12 East SW 681 1 #NAME? #NAME?
9/23/12 Midwest K 1393 2 #NAME? #NAME?4/14/12 West WFMI 530 3 #NAME? #NAME?7/26/12 East WFMI 1058 4 #NAME? #NAME?
10/12/13 Midwest SW 1023 5 #NAME? #NAME?11/3/12 West K 436 6 #NAME? #NAME?
9/3/13 West K 1311 7 #NAME? #NAME?4/23/12 Midwest K 368 87/13/12 West WFMI 1206 9
Takes the formula from calculating 4 times a row, to 1.
23 For more examples of Data Extraction with Formulas see this excelisfun YouTube Playlist.
Extract Formula (Requires CSE):
Excel Extract Data (Records) From Table / List / Databasehttp://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL63A7644FE57C97F4
* Extracting records from a Proper Table with field names is a common data analysis task that can be done many ways.
* 3, 4, 5 methods have the advantage that as soon as you type the criteria into cell & hit enter, the records are instantly extracted.If you are continually changing criteria & you want to see instant results or you want to build a user friendly solution, formulas are great.* Filter and Advanced Filter, generally, do not require a lot of extra formulas and are quick and easy,
We are not considering VBA solutions here even though they are a great way to automate data extraction.
Formulas to extract records often contain a large number of ranges & calculations & therefore may significantly increase spreadsheet calculation time.
* To reduce calculation time it is important to consider: helper cells, helper columns, Boolean Logic construction and efficient functions.
1) Proper Data Set = Field names in 1st row, records in rows, empty cells, Excel row headers, or Excel column headers all the ay around data set.
* Advantage: does not require building formulas. Easy to learn how to do. Show criteria in cells (Filter does not)* Disadvantage: Not automatic like formulas. Does mean that you have to type stuff in cells and use a dialog box. Creates Defined Names "Extract" and "Criteria".
* When you are matching criteria against records and you can get more than one record to match the criteria,
* In particular, if you are dealing with a vertical data set, once you determine all the records that match the criteria, you must create a formula that can be used in a lookup function like INDEX.
* For non-helper column Array Formulas, we will have to create an array of "row numbers for the matched records" inside our lookup Array Formula.
<<== Helper Cell to we run MAX calculationonly 1 time. Reduces Formula Calculation Time.
No "No." column:Customer Units Date Region Customer UnitsK 436 11/3/12 West K 436WFMI 1206 7/13/12 West WFMI 1206
IFERROR can be okay for small data sets, but not for large ones. More later…Customer UnitsK 436WFMI 1206
* AND delivers a TRUE when all three criteria are met. If we had OR criteria, we would use OR function (1 or more criteria = TRUE).
* Simple INDEX and MATCH lookup formula with IF or IFERROR (IFERROR dramatically increases formula calculation time for large data sets).* The MATCH function and Exact Match, 0 in third argument is key to skipping over duplicate numbers in helper column..
<<== Can use DCOUNT or DCOUNTA also. <<== Helper cells to speed up calculation time.
Customer UnitsWFMI 530K 436WFMI 1206
IFERROR can cause calculation time to increase. More later…
WFMI 530
=IF(ROWS(I$128:I128)>$I$124,"",INDEX(B$127:B$136,SMALL(IF($B$127:$B$136>=$C$124,IF($B$127:$B$136<=$D$124,
* We need to make the data extraction automatic: change the criteria in the cell, the formulas update instantly.
1) Let's think about what the INDEX function will need if we have two matching records in row 7 and 10, & we want to copy the function down:
* This formula element is robust because it refers to cells inside the data set and will retain the correct array of row numberseven if the data set is moved or other structural changes are made such as inserting rows above the data set.
* We need to alter this array of row numbers so that the array contains the numbers 7 and 10 only.
=IF($B$127:$B$136>=$C$124,IF($B$127:$B$136<=$D$124,IF($C$127:$C$136=$E$124,{1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10})))
* IF($B$127:$B$136>=$C$124,IF($B$127:$B$136<=$D$124,IF($C$127:$C$136=$E$124 creates the array:
* The value_if_false argument is left empty so that the logical value FALSE will be put into the array whenever the record has not a match.* IF({FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE},{1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10}))) creates the array:
* The FALSE values are very important because when we put this array into the small function, the small will not see the FALSE values.* If we had used Boolean Multiplying instead, we would have created this array: {0;0;0;0;0;0;7;0;0;10}, which would not have worked
*The ROWS(I$128:I128) formula element will increment numbers as we copy the formula down the column.
in our formula.
row numbers for the matched records":
Let's look at how SMALL function can extract the row number 7 and then 10 as we copy the formula down.
* Now we can see that the result from the SMALL function is just delivering the row numbers to the INDEX function:
* This just shows "nothing" (null text string) when the formula is copied past the row with our last extracted record.
* Is a "Helper Cell" that contains the formula:=COUNTIFS(B234:B243,">="&C231,B234:B243,"<="&D231,C234:C243,E231).
* The Helper Cell reduces formula calculation time. If we did not use it we would have to repeat this calculation once in each cell (400 times).* If we had used the IFERROR function to deliver the null text string, instead of the IF function formula calculation time would increase because:
* The logical_test in the IF function does not run the INDEX/SMALL formula element in the cells that contain a null text string.
* If you need a formula that can handle lookups when there are: 1) duplicate records that match the criteria, 2) need to return more than one item,
Let's remind ourselves about how the Excel 2010 AGGREGATE function works (not available in earlier versions).
Ignore nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functionsIgnore hidden rows, nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functionsIgnore error values, nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functionsIgnore hidden rows, error values, nested SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functions
Ignore hidden rows and error values
<<== 14-19 will allow us to perform array calculations in the AGGREGATE's array argument.
but as it is copied to the side, it will retrieve the next item in the record,
* In our next example, we will see how to use the Excel 2010 function, AGGREGATE, as a substitute for SMALL that will allow us to avoid CSE.
<<== Helper cells to speed up calculation time.
Customer Units#NAME? #NAME?
Don't use IFERROR for data extraction if there are many cells that need blank.
=IF(ROWS(I$235:I235)>$I$231,"",INDEX(B$234:B$243,AGGREGATE(15,6,(ROW($B$234:$B$243)-ROW($B$234)+1)/(($B$234:$B$243>=$C$231)*
* Be sure to have the ROW function formula element in parentheses to force the addition and subtraction to calculate before the division.* Unlike our last example, we cannot use the IF function to narrow down the full array of row numbers because the IF function
* Be sure to have the Boolean AND Criteria calculation in an extra set of parentheses to force the multiplying to calculate before the division.* ($B$234:$B$243>=$C$231)*($B$234:$B$243<=$D$231)*($C$234:$C$243=$E$231) creates the array: {0;0;0;0;0;0;1;0;0;1}
With AGGREGATE we don't have to use CSE.
would trump the AGGREGATE function array argument's lack of requirement to use CSE.
($B$234:$B$243>=$C$231)*($B$234:$B$243<=$D$231)*($C$234:$C$243=$E$231))
* {1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10}/{0;0;0;0;0;0;1;0;0;1} creates the array {#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;7;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;10}* Notice that if we had used multiplication instead of division to narrow down the full array we would have had:
{1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10}*{0;0;0;0;0;0;1;0;0;1} ==>> {0;0;0;0;0;0;7;0;0;10} ==>> this would not have worked in the SMALL.* The "Divide By Zero" errors are good for us because they have removed the row numbers for records that do not match.
* The function_num argument in AGGREGATE tells the function to make the "SMALL function" calculation (15 = SMALL).
* The options argument in AGGREGATE comes to the rescue to help us "Ignore Errors" (6 = ignore error values).
* Now we can see that the result from the AGGREGATE function is just delivering the row numbers to the INDEX function:
* If you need a formula in Excel 2010 or later (not available in Excel 2007 or earlier) that can handle lookups when there are: 1) duplicate records thatmatch the criteria, 2) need to return more than one item, and 3) can't use a helper column or the Filter feature, this type of formula can do it.
Timing huge data set for Helper Column, INDEX & AGGREGATE functions, INDEX & SMALL functions, and the use of IFERROR.
* Data set had 250,000 rows, there were 4 criteria for data extraction,there were about 400 cells in data extraction area, & computer had 4 processors.* See workbook: "SMALL AGGREGATE Timing.xlsm".
* AGGREGATE and SMALL are very close in calculation time.* IF function should be used to deliver the Null Text String instead of
IFERROR because it can significantly reduce formula calculation time.
* Timing formulas depends on the exact functions and construction of formulas.* If you are concerned about slow calculation time, it pays to time differentmethods for your particular situation.* Excel MVP, Charles Williams has a great web site and free code
Full articles about improving calculation time:
,{#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;7;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;10},ROWS(I$235:I235)))
,{#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;7;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;10},ROWS(I$235:I235)))
=AGGREGATE(15,6,{#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;7;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;10},1)= 7 =AGGREGATE(15,6,{#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;7;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;10},2) = 10
but as it is copied to the side, it will retrieve the next item in the record,
http://www.decisionmodels.com/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa730921.aspx
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/aa730921(v=office.12).aspx
* For timing results see workbook: "SMALL AGGREGATE Timing.xlsm".
<<== Cells that deliver extracted value must run INDEX/AGGREGATE formula element. <<== Cells that deliver null text must run INDEX/AGGREGATE formula element.
#NAME? #NAME?
* The only difference is that you must use COLUMNS as yournumber incrementor, instead of ROWS.
<<== OR criteria on different rows, AND Criteria on same row
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/ff700515(v=office.14).aspx
OR Criteria Extracting Records Formulas: 4 examples: 1) Helper, 2) AGGREGATE with Boolean, 3) AGGREGATE with MATCH, 4) SMALL and IF.
Alternative Helper using ISNUMBER and MATCH instead of ORHelper <= faster calc and easier with many OR Criteria
Customer Units 1WFMI 929 2SW 681 2WFMI 530 3WFMI 1058 4K 436 4K 1311 5WFMI 1206 6
67
Customer Units#NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME?
<<= With many OR Criteria, MATCH is fastercalculating and easier to create.
Customer Units#NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME?
: Excel 2010 AGGREGATE and Boolean Logic (faster than MATCH with 2 OR Criteria):
: Excel 2010 AGGREGATE and MATCH functions:
Customer UnitsWFMI 929SW 681WFMI 530WFMI 1058K 436K 1311WFMI 1206
1) ISNUMBER(MATCH($C$430:$C$439,$B$426:$B$427,0)) created the array: {TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE}* The MATCH($C$430:$C$439,$B$426:$B$427,0) created the array: {1;2;#N/A;1;2;#N/A;1;1;#N/A;1}
1) =IF($H431>$I$426,"",INDEX(B$430:B$439,AGGREGATE(15,6,(ROW($B$430:$B$439)-ROW($B$430)+1)
2) =IF($H444>$I$426,"",INDEX(B$430:B$439,AGGREGATE(15,6,(ROW($B$430:$B$439)-ROW($B$430)+1)
1) =IF($H457>$I$426,"",INDEX(B$430:B$439,SMALL(IF(ISNUMBER(MATCH($C$430:$C$439,$B$426:$B$427,0))
2) =IF($H457>$I$426,"",INDEX(B$430:B$439,SMALL(IF(($C$430:$C$439=$B$426)+($C$430:$C$439=$B$427)
* The ISNUMBER & MATCH functions method of calculating TRUEs and FALSEs for OR Criteria can be easier when creating the formula, but could
Timing formulas for extracting records with OR Criteria: Helper Column, Boolean OR Calculation or MATCH function with Exact Match?
HelperTime 1 0.395Time 2 0.3976
% Decrease over Time 3 0.3953MATCH with Exact Match Time 4 0.39-0.30823716 Ave 0.394475
% change 0.0%
: Excel 2007 SMALL and Boolean:
MATCH and Sorted Column - it maybe hard to sort if there are many columns in data set. % change
5 OR Criteria: ISNUMBER/MATCH is faster and easier to create.
* Boolean OR Criteria Adding Calculation may be significantly faster than using MATCH function with Exact Match.
Array formula using INDEX & AGGREGATE functions for extracting records in a Two-Way Lookup with OR and AND Criteria.
* MOD function tells you what the whole number remainder is after doing division. Examples: =MOD(530,5) = 0 or MOD(533,5) = 3.
<<==Helper Column.
<<== INDEX and AGGREGATE.
<<== INDEX and SMALL.
* {2;0;0;2;1;0;1;1;0;2}>0 creates the array: {TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE}
* MOD($E$526:$E$535,$F$521) creates the array: {4;1;3;0;0;0;1;1;3;0}. This array tells just the remainder part after division.
* ({4;1;3;0;0;0;1;1;3;0}=0) delivers the array: {FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE}
* ({TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE}*{FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE})
* =IF($H526>$J$521,"",INDEX($B$526:$E$535,MATCH(ROWS(I$526:I526),$F$526:$F$535,0),MATCH(I$525,$B$525:$E$525,0)))
* =SUMPRODUCT(--(($C$526:$C$535=$B$521)+($D$526:$D$535=$D$521)>0),--(MOD($E$526:$E$535,$F$521)=0))* =IF($H532>$I$521,"",INDEX($B$526:$E$535,AGGREGATE(15,6,(ROW($E$526:$E$535)-ROW($E$526)+1)/((($C$526:$C$535=$B$521)+($D$526:$D$535=$D$521)>0)*(MOD($E$526:$E$535,$F$521)=0)),$H532),MATCH(I$531,$B$525:$E$525,0)))
* =SUMPRODUCT(--(($C$526:$C$535=$B$521)+($D$526:$D$535=$D$521)>0),--(MOD($E$526:$E$535,$F$521)=0))* =IF($H538>$I$521,"",INDEX($B$526:$E$535,SMALL(IF(($C$526:$C$535=$B$521)+($D$526:$D$535=$D$521),IF(MOD($E$526:$E$535,$F$521)=0,ROW($E$526:$E$535)-ROW($E$526)+1)),$H538),MATCH(I$531,$B$525:$E$525,0)))
({TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE}*{FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE})
Names in List 2 that are NOT in List 1
Names in List 2 that are NOT in List 1
* =IF(ROWS(I$604:I604)>$I$582,"",INDEX($D$602:$D$606,AGGREGATE(15,6,(ROW($D$602:$D$606)-ROW($D$602)+1)/ISNA(MATCH($D$602:$D$606,$B$602:$B$605,0)),ROWS(I$604:I604))))
Names in List 2 that are NOT in List 1
Excel 2010 or later solution (NO CSE)
Excel 2007 or earlier solution (YES CSE)
* =IF(ROWS(I$621:I621)>$I$582,"",INDEX($D$619:$D$623,SMALL(IF(ISNA(MATCH($D$619:$D$623,$B$619:$B$622,0)),ROW($D$619:$D$623)-ROW($D$619)+1),ROWS(I$621:I621))))
Excel 2010 AGGREGATE to extract with OR Criteria
Customer Units Row:#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Takes the formula from calculating 4 times a row, to 1. <<<
Extract Area:Date Region Customer
11/3/12 West K7/13/12 West WFMI
ISNUMBER/MATCH Boolean14.43 18.8
14.445 18.8514.43 18.8114.39 18.84
14.42375 18.8253556.4% 4672.2%
0.0% 30.5%
5 OR Criteria: ISNUMBER/MATCH is faster and easier to create.
* =IF($H532>$I$521,"",INDEX($B$526:$E$535,AGGREGATE(15,6,(ROW($E$526:$E$535)-ROW($E$526)+1)/((($C$526:$C$535=$B$521)+($D$526:$D$535=$D$521)>0)*(MOD($E$526:$E$535,$F$521)=0)),$H532),MATCH(I$531,$B$525:$E$525,0)))
* =IF($H538>$I$521,"",INDEX($B$526:$E$535,SMALL(IF(($C$526:$C$535=$B$521)+($D$526:$D$535=$D$521),IF(MOD($E$526:$E$535,$F$521)=0,ROW($E$526:$E$535)-ROW($E$526)+1)),$H538),MATCH(I$531,$B$525:$E$525,0)))
Units436
1206
Extract Area:
#VALUE!
1 Array Function: FREQUENCY to count how many numbers are in each category.
Frequency65.52 40 Time <= 40 1
52.1 45 40 < Time <= 45 346.5 50 45 < Time <= 50 539.4 55 50 < Time <= 55 243.5 60 55 < Time <= 60 146.8 60 < Time 147.848.1 * FREQUENCY counts how many values are in each category. Numbers Only.
4843.552.3
56.35 * There is always one more category than there are bins (so that FREQUENCY function is robust and will catch41.85 any unsuspecting values larger than the last bin).
* It always delivers a vertical array. So if you need a horizontal array, use the TRANSPOSE function to convertvertical array to horizontal array.
* This is an Array Function: 1) Must highlight all the cells in advance and 2) must enter with Ctrl + Shift + Enter.* FREQUENCY ignores empty cells and text.* If there are duplicate bins, the duplicates will get a count of zero (this aspect is utilized when create formulas for unique count).* Cannot delete individual cells (array single unit); can only delete content of all cells. Ctrl + / = Highlight Current Array.
2 FREQUENCY delivers a vertical array. Use TRANSPOSE if you need a horizontal array.
Bins 40 4565.52 Frequency 1 3
52.146.5 * Evaluate function in cell and look at array syntax: all semi-colons (rows).39.4 * To show values horizontal, use: =TRANSPOSE(FREQUENCY(B27:B39,E26:I26))43.546.847.848.1
4843.552.3
56.3541.85
3 FREQUENCY ignores text and empty cells.
Topics Sheet
Race Times @ SeaTac BMX
Bins (Upper Limit included)
Category automatically created by FREQUENCY
* bins_array argument are the upper values for each category, and data_array argument are the values to count.* Upper Limit is always included in category.* Lower Limit is never included in category.
Race Times @ SeaTac BMX
* Remember: CSE.
Rider Category65.52 Brandon 40 Time <= 40
52.1 Hudson 45 40 < Time <= 4546.5 Ella 50 45 < Time <= 5039.4 Lucas 55 50 < Time <= 5543.5 Rob 60 55 < Time <= 6046.8 Logan 60 < Time47.8 Collin48.1 Caden
Sioux48 Christophe
43.5 Gabe52.3 Isaac
DQ Mike41.85 Walt
4 If you give FREQUENCY duplicate bins, it only counts in the first one.
Rider Bins Frequency65.52 Brandon 40 1
52.1 Hudson 40 046.5 Ella 40 039.4 Lucas 45 343.5 Rob 50 546.8 Logan 55 247.8 Collin 60 048.1 Caden 1
Sioux48 Christophe * This characteristic will come in handy when we create unique count formulas and
43.5 Gabe formulas to extract unique values: videos: #18 and #20.52.3 Isaac
DQ Mike41.85 Walt
Race Times @ SeaTac BMX
Bins (Upper Limit included)
Race Times @ SeaTac BMX
<<== counts how many values in each category.
<<== Always one more category than bins.
* FREQUENCY counts how many values are in each category. Numbers Only.
* There is always one more category than there are bins (so that FREQUENCY function is robust and will catch
* It always delivers a vertical array. So if you need a horizontal array, use the TRANSPOSE function to convert
* This is an Array Function: 1) Must highlight all the cells in advance and 2) must enter with Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
* If there are duplicate bins, the duplicates will get a count of zero (this aspect is utilized when create formulas for unique count).* Cannot delete individual cells (array single unit); can only delete content of all cells. Ctrl + / = Highlight Current Array.
50 55 605 2 1 1 <<== Always one more category than bins.
* Evaluate function in cell and look at array syntax: all semi-colons (rows).* To show values horizontal, use: =TRANSPOSE(FREQUENCY(B27:B39,E26:I26))
<<== CSE
argument are the upper values for each category, and data_array argument are the values to count.
135201 <<== Always one more category than bins.
<<== Only first duplicate gets a count. <<== Duplicate bins gets no count, they are ignored <<== Duplicate bins gets no count, they are ignored
<<== Always one more category than bins.
* This characteristic will come in handy when we create unique count formulas andformulas to extract unique values: videos: #18 and #20.
Frequency
<<== CSE.
#VALUE!
1 Count unique numbers in a list of numbers: FREQUENCY or COUNTIF?Invoice # Date Amount FREQUENCY 4 <<== FREQUENCY Much Faster Calculating than COUNTIF.
1037 11/18/12 $98.271001 11/16/12 $500.25 COUNTIF 4 <<== Easier to create, but slower. Only use on small data sets.1012 11/16/12 $758.981001 11/16/12 -$500.251016 11/18/12 $1,045.10 * See timing in "TimeUniqueCount.xlsm" workbook on sheet "FR or CIF".1016 11/18/12 -$1,045.10
Invoice #1037 11001 0 <= 1st Dup gets count1012 11001 2 <= 2nd Dup gets 01016 01016 2
0
Impetus for creating Array Formula:* We need to count unique numbers and there is no built-in function to count unique.Calculation of =SUMPRODUCT(--(FREQUENCY(B5:B10,B5:B10)>0)):
* When we give the bins_array the same numbers as the data_array, we tell the bins_array to counthow many occurrences there are for each unique number.
* Because there are duplicates in the bins_array, counts are only collected in the 1st occurrence of
* Only the bins_array, 1037, 101, 1012 and 1016 will get a count.* FREQUENCY(B5:B10,B5:B10)) creates the array: {1;2;1;0;2;0;0}
* If you give FREQUENCY duplicate bins, it only counts in the first one.* If there are duplicate bins, the duplicate bins will get a count of zero.
* We now have a pattern that helps use to count unique numbers: "any number greater than zero,indicates a unique number".
* we create our question: {1;2;1;0;2;0;0})>0, which is, "are any of the numbers greater than zero?"
* ({2;0;1;2;0;1;0}>0) creates the array {TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE}* Be sure to have parentheses around comparative operator calculation to force
comparative operator to calculate before double negative.
Topics Sheet
* SUMPRODUCT helps us to avoid CSE.
1) =FREQUENCY(B5:B10,B5:B10)2) =FREQUENCY(data_array,bins_array)3) =FREQUENCY({1037;1001;1012;1001;1016;1016},{1037;1001;1012;1001;1016;1016})
each number: {1037;1001;1012;1001;1016;1016}.
* =FREQUENCY({1037;1001;1012;1001;1016;1016},{1037;1001;1012;1001;1016;1016})creates the array: {1;2;1;0;2;0;0}
4) =SUMPRODUCT(--({1;2;1;0;2;0;0})>0))
5) =SUMPRODUCT(--({2;0;1;2;0;1;0}>0))
6) =SUMPRODUCT(--{TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE})
* --({TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE}) creates the array: {1;0;1;1;0;1;0}* Double negative is an efficient method of converting TRUEs and FALSEs to 1s and 0s.
Entering formula into cell:
Conclusion:* If we need a unique count of numbers, the FREQUENCY function is a great trick!
Calculation of =SUMPRODUCT(1/COUNTIF(B5:B10,B5:B10)):
* COUNTIF(B5:B10,B5:B10) creates the array: {1;2;1;2;2;2}* Because we give COUNTIF the same items in both the range and criteria arguments, COUNTIF will provide a count for each item
in the criteria range, including repeating the count for any duplicate items.* This is different than what FREQUENCY did when it ignored duplicate values.* Because we need a count of 1 for each unique item, and we are given 2 2s, we can simply take 1/array to get an array of numbers that when
we add them, will give use the correct count.
2 Count unique numbers in a list of numbers given one condition.Invoice # Date Amount FREQUENCY 2 * Use SUM, instead of SUMPRODUCT so formula is unambiguous.
1037 11/18/12 $98.27 (Array Formula Rules #4 and #11)1001 11/16/12 $500.25 COUNTIF 2 <<== This formula will not calculate correctly, don't use COUNTUIF (change cell B74 to 1001 to prove it to yourself). Use FREQUENCY version.1012 11/16/12 $758.981001 11/16/12 -$500.25 Condition: 11/16/121016 11/18/12 $1,045.101016 11/18/12 -$1,045.10 Alternative for FREQUENCY: 2
* Use FREQUENCY in logical_test of IF function will have good uses for Unique Count andUnique List Extraction formulas
Notes:
function that is programmed to perform array calculations.* logical_test argument in IF trumps array argument in SUMPRODUCT.* In order to make it unambiguous to users of the spreadsheet, we will use SUM
function, which requires CSE when it contains an array calculation, instead ofSUMPRODUCT which is programmed to perform CSE.
Calculation of =SUM(--(FREQUENCY(IF(C74:C79=G78,B74:B79),B74:B79)>0)):
7) =SUMPRODUCT({1;0;1;1;0;1;0})8) The formula delivers a single number: 4
* Notice that even though FREQUENCY requires CSE, if we put into the arrayargument of SUMPRODUCT, it does not require CSE.
1) =SUMPRODUCT(1/COUNTIF(B5:B10,B5:B10))2) =SUMPRODUCT(1/COUNTIF({1037;1001;1012;1001;1016;1016},{1037;1001;1012;1001;1016;1016}))
3) =SUMPRODUCT(1/{1;2;1;2;2;2})
3) =SUMPRODUCT(1/{1;2;1;2;2;2})4) =SUMPRODUCT({1;0.5;1;0.5;0.5;0.5})
* Because array is in the array argument of SUMPRODUCT, we do NOT need to use CSE.6) The formula delivers a single number: 3
* IF function with an array calculation requires CSE, even if you put it into a
Calculation of =SUMPRODUCT(--(C74:C79=G77),1/COUNTIF(B74:B79,B74:B79)):
Calculation of =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY(IF(C74:C79=G77,B74:B79),B74:B79),1)):
3 Unique count formulas for mixed data.Invoice # Date Amount COUNTIF 3 <<== COUNTIF easy to create, but REALLY slow calculating.
1001 11/16/12 $500.251001 11/16/12 -$500.25 FREQUENCY 3 <<== FREQUENCY hard to create, but REALLY fast calculating.
L-1253-BB 11/16/12 $758.98MNG-TR4 11/18/12 $1,045.10MNG-TR4 11/18/12 -$1,045.10 * See timing in "TimeUniqueCount.xlsm" workbook on sheet "TimeUnique".
1001 11/18/12 $98.27
Calculation of: =SUMPRODUCT(--(FREQUENCY(MATCH(B114:B119,B114:B119,0),ROW(B114:B119)-ROW(B114)+1)>0))
* MATCH can help us get at the position of the first occurrence of each item by using "Exact Match":
* We can now use the result from MATCH as the data _array argument of FREQUENCY.
* If we calculate the ROW formula element, we can get all the positions and use that in the bins_array argument of FREQUENCY.
* Now we have upper bins that can count the data_array.
1) =SUM(--(FREQUENCY(IF(C74:C79=G78,B74:B79),B74:B79)>0))2) =SUM(--(FREQUENCY({FALSE;1001;1012;1001;FALSE;FALSE},B74:B79)>0))3) =SUM(--(FREQUENCY({FALSE;1001;1012;1001;FALSE;FALSE},{1037;1001;1012;1001;1016;1016})>0))4) =SUM(--({0;2;1;0;0;0;0}>0))5) =SUM(--{FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE})6) =SUM({0;1;1;0;0;0;0})7) The formula delivers a single number: 2
1) =SUMPRODUCT(--(C74:C79=G77),1/COUNTIF(B74:B79,B74:B79))2) =SUMPRODUCT(--(C74:C79=G77),{1;0.5;1;0.5;0.5;0.5})4) =SUMPRODUCT({0;1;1;1;0;0},{1;0.5;1;0.5;0.5;0.5})5) =SUMPRODUCT({0;0.5;1;0.5;0;0})6) The formula delivers a single number: 2
1) =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY(IF(C74:C79=G77,B74:B79),B74:B79),1))2) =SUM(IF({0;2;1;0;0;0;0},1)) Remember: any non-zero number is a TRUE for IF function.3) =SUM({FALSE;1;1;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE})4) The formula delivers a single number: 2
* SUMPRODUCT helps us to avoid CSE.
1) =SUMPRODUCT(--(FREQUENCY(MATCH(B114:B119,B114:B119,0),ROW(B114:B119)-ROW(B114)+1)>0))
* If our data set is: {1001;1001;"L-1253-BB";"MNG-TR4";"MNG-TR4";1001}* Then position 1, 3, & 4 are the positions that contain the unique items.* MATCH(B114:B119,B114:B119,0) creates the array: {1;1;3;4;4;1}* Notice that because we have "Exact Match", There are duplicate positions, but ONLY the positions 1, 3, & 4 are listed.
2) =SUMPRODUCT(--(FREQUENCY({1;1;3;4;4;1},ROW(B114:B119)-ROW(B114)+1)>0))
* ROW(B114:B119)-ROW(B114)+1 creates the array: {1;2;3;4;5;6}
3) =SUMPRODUCT(--(FREQUENCY({1;1;3;4;4;1},{1;2;3;4;5;6})>0))* FREQUENCY({1;1;3;4;4;1},{1;2;3;4;5;6}) creates the array: {3;0;1;2;0;0;0}
4) =SUMPRODUCT(--({3;0;1;2;0;0;0}>0))
Conclusion:* This formula is much harder to create than the COUNTIF, but it will calculate dramatically faster on large data sets.
4 Unique count formulas for mixed data and empty cells.Invoice # Date Amount COUNTIF
1001 11/16/12 $500.25 #DIV/0! <<== Empty cell is treated as zero and causes "Divide by Zero" error.11/16/12 -$500.25 4 <<== Join operation with Null Text String will then count empty cell.
L-1253-BB 11/16/12 $758.98 3 <<== Add condition to SUMPRODUCT to "not count empty or null string.MNG-TR4 11/18/12 $1,045.10 3 <<== Add condition to SUMPRODUCT to "not count empty or null string.MNG-TR4 11/18/12 -$1,045.10 <<== COUNTIF calculates slowly.
1001 11/18/12 $98.27 FREQUENCY3 <<== More complicated to create, but MUCH faster calculating.
Notes: =SUMPRODUCT(1/COUNTIF(B145:B150,B145:B150)) has this problem:
* Empty cell is treated as a zero (0). This causes the "Divide by Zero" error. =SUMPRODUCT(1/COUNTIF(B145:B150,B145:B150&"")) has this problem:
* If you perform a join array operation on range, you convert zero (0) to a Null Text String, which won't cause "Divide by Zero" error.* But now the Null Text String is matched against an empty cell and counted as 1. Count is one too high.
=SUMPRODUCT(--(B145:B150<>""),1/COUNTIF(B145:B150,B145:B150&"")) =SUMPRODUCT((B145:B150<>"")/COUNTIF(B145:B150,B145:B150&""))
* Add extra condition to SUMPRODUCT to "not count empty or null string.
Calculation of =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY(IF(B145:B150<>"",MATCH(B145:B150,B145:B150,0)),ROW(B145:B150)-ROW(B145)+1),1)):
* MATCH(B145:B150,B145:B150,0) creates the array: {1;#N/A;3;4;4;1}
* By itself the #N/A would cause a problem for the formula.* We use the IF to replace the #N/A with a FALSE.
* FREQUENCY has no problem with the FALSE.
* The IF function considers any non-zero number to be a TRUE and zero to be a FALSE. * value_if_true contains a 1 and so the 1 is placed in the array at any location where there is a non-zero number.
5) =SUMPRODUCT(--{TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE})6) =SUMPRODUCT({1;0;1;1;0;0;0})
* SUMPRODUCT can handle these array calculations without CSE.7) The formula delivers a single number: 3
* Array calculations in IF function requires CSE.
=SUMPRODUCT(1/COUNTIF(B145:B150,{1001;1001;"L-1253-BB";"MNG-TR4";0;"34-987";"MNG-TR4";1001}))
=SUMPRODUCT(1/COUNTIF(B145:B150,{"1001";"1001";"L-1253-BB";"MNG-TR4";"";"34-987";"MNG-TR4";"1001"}))
1) =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY(IF(B145:B150<>"",MATCH(B145:B150,B145:B150,0)),ROW(B145:B150)-ROW(B145)+1),1))
2) =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY(IF(B145:B150<>"",{1;#N/A;3;4;4;1}),ROW(B145:B150)-ROW(B145)+1),1))
3) =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY({1;FALSE;3;4;4;1},ROW(B145:B150)-ROW(B145)+1),1))
4) =SUM(IF({2;0;1;2;0;0;0},1))
5) =SUM({1;FALSE;1;1;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE})* Because an IF function had an array calculation, must use CSE. Because we use CSE, we use SUM instead of SUMPRODUCT to be unambiguous.
6) The formula delivers the single number: 3.
5 Tilde (~) to help formula to see wild cards as non-wild cards (actual characters).From COUNTIF and MATCH function MS Help:* You can use the wildcard characters in criteria (? matches any 1 character, * matches 0 or more characters).
Invoice # Criteria See "*" as a1001 *MNG-TR4 character1001 not a wildcard.
L-1253-BB Wildcards: COUNTIFMNG-TR4 COUNTIF 1
2 MATCH34-987 MATCH 7*MNG-TR4 4*1001
6 Tilde to count unique items including wild cards and empty cells.
Invoice # FREQUENCY * Robust Unique Count Formula.1001 #N/A1001
L-1253-BB <<== Add condition by adding an IF.MNG-TR4
* Learned this formula from Aladin at the Mr Excel Message Board.34-987*MNG-TR4 COUNTIF*1001 4.83333333 But COUNTIF range argument can't make array calculations.
Calculation notes for: =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY(IF(B196:B203<>"",MATCH("~"&B196:B203,B196:B203&"",0)),ROW(B196:B203)-ROW(B196)+1),1))
* This IF delivers values to the data_array argument for FREQUENCY.
* B196:B203&"" creates the array: {"1001";"1001";"L-1253-BB";"MNG-TR4";"";"34-987";"*MNG-TR4";"*1001"}* Null Text String Join Operation. Important because we have mixed data (numbers and text) in the lookup_array argument
and the join operation for the Tilde (~) in the lookup_value argument creates text items: we need text to be matched up against text.* Null Text String Join Operation converts the empty cell from a zero (0) to a Null Text String.
* "~"&B196:B203 creates the array: {"~1001";"~1001";"~L-1253-BB";"~MNG-TR4";"~";"~34-987";"~*MNG-TR4";"~*1001"}* Now MATCH can match text against test and because we are using a Tilde, the formula sees wildcards as actual characters.
{"1001";"1001";"L-1253-BB";"MNG-TR4";"";"34-987";"*MNG-TR4";"*1001"},0))* MATCH("~"&B196:B203,B196:B203&"",0) creates the array: {1;1;3;4;5;6;7;1}* The repeats in the array, {1;1;3;4;5;6;7;1}, are because of the "Exact Match".* Just as before (Example 5 above), the duplicates will be counted in a single category in the bins_array argument, in essence "gathered up"
into one place to represent the position of the first occurrence of each item.
* This condition will allow us to not count empty cells.
* If you want to find an actual question mark or asterisk, type a tilde (~) before the character.
<<== CSE. <<== Two join array operations.
<<== Hard to create, but is fast calculating and can handle wild cards such as *
* We want to do this: =SUMPRODUCT(--(B196:B203<>""),1/COUNTIF("~"&B196:B203,B196:B203&""))
1)Look at just: =IF(B196:B203<>"",MATCH("~"&B196:B203,B196:B203&"",0))
2) =IF(B196:B203<>"",MATCH("~"&B196:B203,B196:B203&"",0))
3) =IF(B196:B203<>"",MATCH("~"&B196:B203,{"1001";"1001";"L-1253-BB";"MNG-TR4";"";"34-987";"*MNG-TR4";"*1001"},0))
4) =IF(B196:B203<>"",MATCH({"~1001";"~1001";"~L-1253-BB";"~MNG-TR4";"~";"~34-987";"~*MNG-TR4";"~*1001"},
5) =IF(B196:B203<>"",{1;1;3;4;5;6;7;1})
* There is a FALSE in place of the empty cell.* These are the values for the data_array argument in FREQUENCY.
* The ROW formula element will create an array of all the relative positions.* ROW(B196:B203)-ROW(B196)+1 creates the array: {1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8}* {1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8} is the bins_array for the frequency function: upper limits for each category.
* FREQUENCY will only get counts in the bins: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7: the position of the first occurrence of each item.* FREQUENCY({1;1;3;4;FALSE;6;7;1},{1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8}) creates the array: {3;0;1;1;0;1;1;0;0}
* The logical_test argument of the IF function interprets any non-zero as TRUE and zero as FALSE.
* The position of the first occurrence of each item contain a 1.
7 Tilde to count unique items including wild cards and empty cells with 1 condition.
Invoice # SalesRep1001 Jo #N/A1001 Jo
L-1253-BB Phil CriteriaMNG-TR4 Tris Jo
Jo34-987 Jo U. Count*MNG-TR4 Tris #N/A <<== Add an extra condition.*1001 Jo
8 Helper Column to Count Unique Items: COUNTIFS and COUNTIF functions.
Invoice # SalesRep Helper1001 Jo 1 2 <<== COUNTIFS/COUNTIF Really slow calculating for large data sets.1001 Jo 2 * See timing results in workbook: "TimeUniqueCount.xlsm", sheet "Helper".
L-1253-BB Phil 0 CriteriaMNG-TR4 Tris 0 Jo
Jo 0
34-987 Jo 1MNG-TR4 Tris 0 #N/A*1001 Jo 3
6) =IF({TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE},{1;1;3;4;5;6;7;1})7) {1;1;3;4;FALSE;6;7;1}
8) =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY({1;1;3;4;FALSE;6;7;1},ROW(B196:B203)-ROW(B196)+1),1))
9) =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY({1;1;3;4;FALSE;6;7;1},{1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8}),1))
10) =SUM(IF({3;0;1;1;0;1;1;0;0},1))
* Imagine we had a formula like this: =SUM(IF({TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE},1))* IF({3;0;1;1;0;1;1;0;0},1) creates the array: {1;FALSE;1;1;FALSE;1;1;FALSE;FALSE}
11) =SUM({1;FALSE;1;1;FALSE;1;1;FALSE;FALSE})12) The formula delivers a single number: 5
Unique Count of Invoices
<<== CSE.
COUNTIFS and COUNTIF
SUM-IF-FREQUENCY-MATCH-ROW functions
9 Dynamic Range for Unique Count FormulaInvoice Count
101 4101102102 Defined Name Dynamic Formula Using INDEX:103 101103103109
<<== FREQUENCY Much Faster Calculating than COUNTIF.
<<== Easier to create, but slower. Only use on small data sets.
* See timing in "TimeUniqueCount.xlsm" workbook on sheet "FR or CIF".
* When we give the bins_array the same numbers as the data_array, we tell the bins_array to count
* Because there are duplicates in the bins_array, counts are only collected in the 1st occurrence of
* We now have a pattern that helps use to count unique numbers: "any number greater than zero,
* we create our question: {1;2;1;0;2;0;0})>0, which is, "are any of the numbers greater than zero?"
* Because we give COUNTIF the same items in both the range and criteria arguments, COUNTIF will provide a count for each item
* Because we need a count of 1 for each unique item, and we are given 2 2s, we can simply take 1/array to get an array of numbers that when
* Use SUM, instead of SUMPRODUCT so formula is unambiguous.(Array Formula Rules #4 and #11)
<<== This formula will not calculate correctly, don't use COUNTUIF (change cell B74 to 1001 to prove it to yourself). Use FREQUENCY version.
* Use FREQUENCY in logical_test of IF function will have good uses for Unique Count and
{1037;1001;1012;1001;1016;1016}))
<<== COUNTIF easy to create, but REALLY slow calculating.
<<== FREQUENCY hard to create, but REALLY fast calculating.
* See timing in "TimeUniqueCount.xlsm" workbook on sheet "TimeUnique".
Calculation of: =SUMPRODUCT(--(FREQUENCY(MATCH(B114:B119,B114:B119,0),ROW(B114:B119)-ROW(B114)+1)>0))
* MATCH can help us get at the position of the first occurrence of each item by using "Exact Match":
* If we calculate the ROW formula element, we can get all the positions and use that in the bins_array argument of FREQUENCY.
FREQUENCY({FALSE;1001;1012;1001;FALSE;FALSE},{1037;1001;1012;1001;1016;1016})>0))
,ROW(B114:B119)-ROW(B114)+1)>0))
* Notice that because we have "Exact Match", There are duplicate positions, but ONLY the positions 1, 3, & 4 are listed.
* This formula is much harder to create than the COUNTIF, but it will calculate dramatically faster on large data sets.
<<== Empty cell is treated as zero and causes "Divide by Zero" error. <<== Join operation with Null Text String will then count empty cell. <<== Add condition to SUMPRODUCT to "not count empty or null string. <<== Add condition to SUMPRODUCT to "not count empty or null string. <<== COUNTIF calculates slowly.
<<== More complicated to create, but MUCH faster calculating.
* If you perform a join array operation on range, you convert zero (0) to a Null Text String, which won't cause "Divide by Zero" error.* But now the Null Text String is matched against an empty cell and counted as 1. Count is one too high.
Calculation of =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY(IF(B145:B150<>"",MATCH(B145:B150,B145:B150,0)),ROW(B145:B150)-ROW(B145)+1),1)):
* value_if_true contains a 1 and so the 1 is placed in the array at any location where there is a non-zero number.
;"34-987";"MNG-TR4";1001}))
"";"34-987";"MNG-TR4";"1001"}))
,ROW(B145:B150)-ROW(B145)+1),1))
CSE, we use SUM instead of SUMPRODUCT to be unambiguous.
* You can use the wildcard characters in criteria (? matches any 1 character, * matches 0 or more characters).
* Learned this formula from Aladin at the Mr Excel Message Board.
But COUNTIF range argument can't make array calculations.
Calculation notes for: =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY(IF(B196:B203<>"",MATCH("~"&B196:B203,B196:B203&"",0)),ROW(B196:B203)-ROW(B196)+1),1))
* B196:B203&"" creates the array: {"1001";"1001";"L-1253-BB";"MNG-TR4";"";"34-987";"*MNG-TR4";"*1001"}* Null Text String Join Operation. Important because we have mixed data (numbers and text) in the lookup_array argument
and the join operation for the Tilde (~) in the lookup_value argument creates text items: we need text to be matched up against text.
* "~"&B196:B203 creates the array: {"~1001";"~1001";"~L-1253-BB";"~MNG-TR4";"~";"~34-987";"~*MNG-TR4";"~*1001"}* Now MATCH can match text against test and because we are using a Tilde, the formula sees wildcards as actual characters.
* Just as before (Example 5 above), the duplicates will be counted in a single category in the bins_array argument, in essence "gathered up"
Hard to create, but is fast calculating and can handle wild cards such as *
* We want to do this: =SUMPRODUCT(--(B196:B203<>""),1/COUNTIF("~"&B196:B203,B196:B203&""))
{"1001";"1001";"L-1253-BB";"MNG-TR4";"";"34-987";"*MNG-TR4";"*1001"},0))
MATCH({"~1001";"~1001";"~L-1253-BB";"~MNG-TR4";"~";"~34-987";"~*MNG-TR4";"~*1001"},
* FREQUENCY will only get counts in the bins: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7: the position of the first occurrence of each item.
* The logical_test argument of the IF function interprets any non-zero as TRUE and zero as FALSE.
<<== Add an extra condition.
<<== COUNTIFS/COUNTIF Really slow calculating for large data sets.* See timing results in workbook: "TimeUniqueCount.xlsm", sheet "Helper".
TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE},1))
#VALUE!
Remember Matrix Algebra from college? Solving for systems of equations?1 MMULT function returns the matrix product of two arrays.
Array1:1 5 2 <<== Number of columns1 1 3 Must be
Array2: equal to:1 1 3 0 3 <<== Number of rows2 3 3 2 12 1 1 1 3
2 Matrix product long-hand.Notice that this is 3 numbers (3 columns) times 3 numbers (3 rows) , and then add.1*1 + 5*2 + 2*2 = 15
15 18 20 12 149 7 9 5 13
MMULT steps:3 Matrix product of two arrays using MMULT and Ctrl + Shift + Enter. 1)
15 18 20 12 14 2)9 7 9 5 13 3)
* The result is an array with the same number of rows as array1 and the same number of columns as array2.* Both arrays must contain numbers only.* No empty cells or text or errors or logicals.* Remember to enter Array Formula with Ctrl + Shift + Enter
4 MMULT & SUMPRODUCT to Calculate Expected Return.Weight 0.6 0.4
Bad 0.5 -0.15 <<== If cell contains no text,OK 0.4 0.05 0.05 then multiplying (with math operator *) arrays works.Great 0.1 0.1 0.2
E(R) = Expected Return 0.004 <<== SUMPRODUCT requires that arrays are the same size.Multiplying arrays overcomes this SUMPRODUCT limitation.
Weight 0.6 0.4
Topics Sheet
Resultant array size = 2 x 5 (rows of first x columns of second)
* The MMULT function returns the matrix product of two arrays (cell ranges, array constants, or references).
Probability of Economic State
Stock A Estimated Return
Stock B Estimated Return
< < < Array2 = R x C = 1 x 2
Probability of Economic State
Stock A Estimated Return
Stock B Estimated Return
Bad 0.5 None -0.15 <<== If cell contains text,OK 0.4 0.05 0.05Great 0.1 0.1 0.2
E(R) = Expected Return 0.004 <<== MMULT creates an array that is the same size and array of Estimated Returns. <<== SUMPRODUCT (like SUM) ignores text.
5 Formula goal: Calculate weighted grade.Name Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Total Too LongSioux 91 94 91 87.5 90.35 90.35Chin 98 87.5 79 86 87.725 87.725Jo 73 36 56 78 63.2 63.2Mo 65 70 72 84 74.9 74.9
6 MMULT to "gather up values into a column" using TRANSPOSE and exponent zero.7 Example of single cell Array Formula that replaces many intermediary steps to calculate Standard Deviation Of Portfolio Of Stocks.
Weight 0.6 0.4 Standard Deviation of Portfolio Calculations:
SquaredBad 0.5 0.01 -0.15 -0.054 -0.061 0.003721OK 0.4 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.043 0.001849Great 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.14 0.133 0.017689
E(R) = Expected Return 0.007 Var 0.004369SD 0.0660984115
MMULT to "gather up values into a column"0.006 -0.06 -0.054 -0.054 SD 0.0660984115
0.03 0.02 0.05 0.050.06 0.08 0.14 0.14 1) MMULT(D64:E66*D62:E62,{1;1})
to get this? 2) =MMULT(D64:E66*D62:E62,TRANSPOSE(COLUMN(D62:E62)^0))What matrix would we need to multiply by this
8 MINVERSE function.
A2 1 3 -1 1 05 3 -5 2 0 1
then multiplying (with math operator *) arrays will NOT work.
<<< Array1 = R x C = 3 x 1
Can we multiply? 1 x 4 * 4 x 1, Yes.Resultant? 1 x 4 * 4 x 1 = 1 x 1
Probability of Economic State
Stock A Estimated Return
Stock B Estimated Return
Return if state occurs
Return if state occurs - E(R)
<<< <<
Array1 = R x C = 3 x 2Array2 = R x C = ? x ?Result = 3 x 1Therefore: Array2 = R x C = 2 x 1
A-1 In
A3 -1 2 1 1 0
-5 2 5 3 0 1
A-1 In
MMULT steps:Highlight range of cells 2 x 5Create formula =MMULT(B8:D9,B11:F13)CSE
* The result is an array with the same number of rows as array1 and the same number of columns as array2.
then multiplying (with math operator *) arrays works.
<<== SUMPRODUCT requires that arrays are the same size.Multiplying arrays overcomes this SUMPRODUCT limitation.
R x C = 2 x 3
R x C = 3 x 5
Resultant array size = 2 x 5 (rows of first x columns of second)
* The MMULT function returns the matrix product of two arrays (cell ranges, array constants, or references).
<<== MMULT creates an array that is the same size and array of Estimated Returns. <<== SUMPRODUCT (like SUM) ignores text.
Formula Inputs:Test WeightsTest 1 0.2Test 2 0.25Test 3 0.15Test 4 0.4
Example of single cell Array Formula that replaces many intermediary steps to calculate Standard Deviation Of Portfolio Of Stocks.Standard Deviation of Portfolio Calculations:
Sq * Prob0.00186050.00073960.0017689
1) MMULT(D64:E66*D62:E62,{1;1})2) =MMULT(D64:E66*D62:E62,TRANSPOSE(COLUMN(D62:E62)^0))
then multiplying (with math operator *) arrays will NOT work.
#VALUE!
1 Extract Unique List with PivotTable.ID Date # Calls Steps:100-456 11/18/2012 115 1) Click in single cell in data set.
10987 11/19/2012 112 2) Keyboard: 2003 = Alt, D, P; 2007 & 2010 = Alt N, V, T; 2013 = Alt N, V.10987 11/19/2012 110 3) Drag and drop Field into Row area.
100-456 11/19/2012 126 4) Filter Row Area to remove blank.11/22/2012 94 5) Copy and Paste Special Values.
Sioux 11/23/2012 92 6) Delete PivotTable.10907 11/24/2012 36
Sioux 11/23/2012 112
2 Extract Unique List with Advanced Filter.ID Date # Calls Steps:100-456 11/18/2012 115 1) Click in single cell in data set.
10987 11/19/2012 112 2) Keyboard: 2003 = Alt, D, F, A; 2007 & 2010 7 2013 = Alt A, Q.10987 11/19/2012 112 3) In Action area, click dialog button for "Copy to another location"
100-456 11/19/2012 126 4) Make sure "List range" contains the data you want: a single column, or more than one11/22/2012 94 column (which extracts unique records: matching everything in the record, each item in
Sioux 11/23/2012 112 each field to see if there are duplicates).10907 11/24/2012 36 5) Check checkbox for "Unique records only.
Sioux 11/23/2012 112 6) You could specify a Criteria range, if you wanted (extracts unique list based on criteria).7) Choose destination ell for "Copy to" textbox.
3 Extract Unique List with Formula: INDEX and SMALL functions. * Learn about INDEX & MATCH functions on sheet (1), Ex: 13.ID Date # Calls Unique Count ID100-456 11/18/2012 115 #N/A #N/A
10987 11/19/2012 112 #N/A10987 11/19/2012 112 #N/A
100-456 11/19/2012 126 #N/A11/19/2012 126 #N/A
Sioux 11/23/2012 112 #N/A10907 11/24/2012 36 #N/A
Sioux 11/23/2012 112 #N/A
Notes:* This formula combines what we learned in Video 16 (Extracting Records) and Video 18 (Unique Counts).
FREQUENCY(IF($B$30:$B$37<>"",MATCH("~"&$B$30:$B$37,$B$30:$B$37&"",0)),ROW($B$30:$B$37)-ROW($B$30)+1),ROW($B$30:$B$37)-ROW($B$30)+1),ROWS(G$30:G30))))
* If Extract Unique List with Formula so hard, why do it? Because: if data changes, formula automatically updates!
Topics Sheet
* Video 18: =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY(IF($B$30:$B$37<>"",MATCH("~"&$B$30:$B$37,$B$30:$B$37&"",0)),ROW($B$30:$B$37)-ROW($B$30)+1),1))* Video 16: =IF(ROWS(G$30:G30)>$F$30,"",INDEX($B$30:$B$37,SMALL(IF(
Count Unique Formula:* =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY(IF($B$30:$B$37<>"",MATCH("~"&$B$30:$B$37,$B$30:$B$37&"",0)),ROW($B$30:$B$37)-ROW($B$30)+1),1))
Extract Unique List Formula:* =IF(ROWS(G$30:G30)>$F$30,"",INDEX($B$30:$B$37,SMALL(IF(FREQUENCY(IF($B$30:$B$37<>"",
MATCH("~"&$B$30:$B$37,$B$30:$B$37&"",0)),ROW($B$30:$B$37)-ROW($B$30)+1),ROW($B$30:$B$37)-ROW($B$30)+1),ROWS(G$30:G30))))
4 Extract Unique List with Formula: Helper Column. See timing results in workbook: "TimeUniqueExtraction.xlsm"ID Helper <<== COUNTIF helper column may take longer than FREQUENCY construction in Example 3.100-456 1 Unique Count No. ID
10987 2 4 1 100-45610987 2 2 10987
100-456 2 3 Sioux2 4 10907
Sioux 3 510907 4 6
Sioux 4 7
Helper Formula:* =SUM(COUNTIF(B$54:B54,B54)=1,C53)
* COUNTIF treats the empty cell for its criteria as a zero (0), but in the range argument it is treated as an empty cell, so it does not count it.* COUNTIF helper column may take longer than FREQUENCY construction in Example 3, but this construction may be easier to create.* See timing results in workbook: "TimeUniqueExtraction.xlsm"
Unique Count Formula:* =MAX(C54:C61)Extract Formula:* =IF(G54>F$54,"",INDEX($B$54:$B$61,MATCH(G54,$C$54:$C$61,0)))
5 Extract Unique Records (more than one column) with helper column formula.ID Date # Calls Helper100-456 11/18/2012 115 1
10987 11/19/2012 112 2 No. ID Date10987 11/19/2012 112 2 1 100-456 41231
100-456 11/19/2012 126 3 2 10987 41232Sioux 11/23/2012 112 4 3 100-456 41232
10907 11/24/2012 36 5 4 Sioux 41236Sioux 11/23/2012 112 5 5 10907 41237
67
Helper Formula:* =SUM(E74,SUMPRODUCT(--(B$75:B75&"|"&C$75:C75&"|"&D$75:D75=B75&"|"&C75&"|"&D75))=1)Unique Count Formula:* =MAX(E75:E81)Extract Formula:* =IF($G77>$J$74,"",INDEX(B$75:B$81,MATCH($G77,$E$75:$E$81,0)))
6 Sort numbers with formula.Smallest To Biggest Biggest To Smallest Smallest To Biggest Formula:
4 2 4 4 * =SMALL($B$94:$B$96,ROWS(C$94:C94))2 3 2 3 Biggest To Smallest Formula:3 4 3 2 * =LARGE($E$94:$E$96,ROWS(F$94:F94))
7 Helper column formula to sort (ascending) records based on numeric column. Helper Formula:Item Count Helper Item Count * =RANK(C100,$C$100:$C$103,1)+COUNTIF($C$99:C99,C100)Bellen 22 3 Carlota 20 * RANK scores ties the same, COUNTIF will add an extra point.Carlota 20 1 Bellen 20 Extract Formula:Bellen 20 2 Bellen 22 * =INDEX(B$100:B$103,MATCH(ROWS(F$100:F100),$D$100:$D$103,0))Quad 35 4 Quad 35
8 Array formula to sort (ascending) records based on numeric column.Item Count Count ItemBellen 22 20 CarlotaCarlota 20 20 BellenBellen 20 22 BellenQuad 35 35 Quad
Count Formula:* =SMALL($C$107:$C$110,ROWS(F$107:F107))
* =INDEX(B$107:B$110,SMALL(IF($C$107:$C$110=F107,ROW($C$107:$C$110)-ROW($C$107)+1),COUNTIF(F$107:F107,F107)))* COUNTIF counts 1 all the way down, unless there are duplicates
9 Extract top 3 score and name associated with score (including ties).Names Score Top 3 Sales NamesJo 22 3 22 #NAME?Hal 15 Count 22 #NAME?Chin 12 4 15 #NAME?Sioux 15 15 #NAME?Joe 22Phil 10
Count Formula:* =COUNTIF($C$120:$C$125,">="&LARGE($C$120:$C$125,E120))
* The "greater than or equal to the 3rd biggest" is the key to catching the ties.Sales Formula:* =IF(ROWS(F$120:F120)>E$122,"",LARGE($C$120:$C$125,ROWS(F$120:F120)))Names Formula:
* =IF(F120="","",INDEX($B$120:$B$125,AGGREGATE(15,6,(ROW($C$120:$C$125)-ROW($C$120)+1)/($C$120:$C$125=F120),COUNTIF($F$120:F120,F120))))* COUNTIF counts 1 all the way down, unless there are duplicates.
CSE ==>>
Item Formula:
10 Helper column formula to sort (ascending) records based on text column.Item Count Helper Item CountBellen 22 1 Bellen 22Carlota 20 3 Bellen 33Bellen 33 2 Carlota 20Quad 35 4 Quad 35
Helper Formula:* =COUNTIF($B$139:$B$142,"<"&B139)+COUNTIF(B$139:B139,B139)
* Comparative operators work on letters also.Extract Formula:* =INDEX(B$139:B$142,MATCH(ROWS(F$139:F139),$D$139:$D$142))
11 Extract unique list of words and sort with formula when there are no empty cells.Names Unique Count No. Names << MATCH-lookup_value-Zero-FormulaPhil #N/A 1 #N/AChin 2 #N/A << == Formula does not work with empty cellsChin 3 #N/A <<== Formula on large data sets has slow calculation time.Shelia 4 #N/A * See timing results in workbook: "TimeUniqueExtraction.xlsm"Chin 5 #N/A * Learned this from Richard Schollar at Mr Excel Message Board.Sioux 6 #N/AShelia 7 #N/ASioux 8 #N/A
Unique Count Formula:* =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY(IF(B152:B159<>"",MATCH("~"&B152:B159,B152:B159&"",0)),ROW(B152:B159)-ROW(B152)+1),1))Extract Formula:* =IF(G152>$F$152,"",INDEX($B$152:$B$159,MATCH(0,COUNTIF($B$152:$B$159,"<"&$B$152:$B$159)-SUM(COUNTIF($B$152:$B$159,H$151:H151)),0)))
12 Extract unique list of mixed data and sort with formula, empty cells okay.Formula from Domenic:
DW-23-W 100-456 10555IDDW-23-W 3 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 < 4 x 4 1100-456 2 0 1 0 1 1
10555 1 0 1 0 0 11
Count: 3
<<== CSE.
#N/AExtract: DW-23-W
#N/A 3#N/A#N/A#N/A#N/A
13 For more examples of Unique List Data Extraction see this excelisfun YouTube Playlist.
Specifically, this video for Data Validation List:
or
Excel Extracting Unique Lists / Records Filter or Formulashttp://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8F4F3D4CBE5A7C03
Excel Magic Trick 698: Extract Unique Items w Formula For Data Validation Drop-Down Listhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhuURsu0jdI&list=EC8F4F3D4CBE5A7C03
Excel Magic Trick 759: Array Formula To Sort List & Remove Duplicates - Dynamic Named Rangehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZLAzIYfMDU&list=EC8F4F3D4CBE5A7C03
2) Keyboard: 2003 = Alt, D, P; 2007 & 2010 = Alt N, V, T; 2013 = Alt N, V.
2) Keyboard: 2003 = Alt, D, F, A; 2007 & 2010 7 2013 = Alt A, Q.3) In Action area, click dialog button for "Copy to another location" 4) Make sure "List range" contains the data you want: a single column, or more than one
column (which extracts unique records: matching everything in the record, each item in
6) You could specify a Criteria range, if you wanted (extracts unique list based on criteria).
* Learn about INDEX & MATCH functions on sheet (1), Ex: 13.
* This formula combines what we learned in Video 16 (Extracting Records) and Video 18 (Unique Counts).
FREQUENCY(IF($B$30:$B$37<>"",MATCH("~"&$B$30:$B$37,$B$30:$B$37&"",0)),ROW($B$30:$B$37)-ROW($B$30)+1)
* If Extract Unique List with Formula so hard, why do it? Because: if data changes, formula automatically updates!
<<== both CSE.
FREQUENCY(IF($B$30:$B$37<>"",MATCH("~"&$B$30:$B$37,$B$30:$B$37&"",0)),ROW($B$30:$B$37)-ROW($B$30)+1),1))
* =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY(IF($B$30:$B$37<>"",MATCH("~"&$B$30:$B$37,$B$30:$B$37&"",0)),ROW($B$30:$B$37)-ROW($B$30)+1),1))
MATCH("~"&$B$30:$B$37,$B$30:$B$37&"",0)),ROW($B$30:$B$37)-ROW($B$30)+1),ROW($B$30:$B$37)-ROW($B$30)+1),ROWS(G$30:G30))))
See timing results in workbook: "TimeUniqueExtraction.xlsm" <<== COUNTIF helper column may take longer than FREQUENCY construction in Example 3.
* COUNTIF treats the empty cell for its criteria as a zero (0), but in the range argument it is treated as an empty cell, so it does not count it.* COUNTIF helper column may take longer than FREQUENCY construction in Example 3, but this construction may be easier to create.
Count5
# Calls115112126112
36
* =SUM(E74,SUMPRODUCT(--(B$75:B75&"|"&C$75:C75&"|"&D$75:D75=B75&"|"&C75&"|"&D75))=1)
Smallest To Biggest Formula:* =SMALL($B$94:$B$96,ROWS(C$94:C94))Biggest To Smallest Formula:* =LARGE($E$94:$E$96,ROWS(F$94:F94))
Helper Formula:* =RANK(C100,$C$100:$C$103,1)+COUNTIF($C$99:C99,C100)
* RANK scores ties the same, COUNTIF will add an extra point.Extract Formula:* =INDEX(B$100:B$103,MATCH(ROWS(F$100:F100),$D$100:$D$103,0))
* =INDEX(B$107:B$110,SMALL(IF($C$107:$C$110=F107,ROW($C$107:$C$110)-ROW($C$107)+1),COUNTIF(F$107:F107,F107)))
* =IF(F120="","",INDEX($B$120:$B$125,AGGREGATE(15,6,(ROW($C$120:$C$125)-ROW($C$120)+1)/($C$120:$C$125=F120),COUNTIF($F$120:F120,F120))))
<< MATCH-lookup_value-Zero-Formula
<< == Formula does not work with empty cells <<== Formula on large data sets has slow calculation time.
* See timing results in workbook: "TimeUniqueExtraction.xlsm"* Learned this from Richard Schollar at Mr Excel Message Board.
* also see this link from Aladin about COUNTIF array calculations:
* =SUM(IF(FREQUENCY(IF(B152:B159<>"",MATCH("~"&B152:B159,B152:B159&"",0)),ROW(B152:B159)-ROW(B152)+1),1))
* =IF(G152>$F$152,"",INDEX($B$152:$B$159,MATCH(0,COUNTIF($B$152:$B$159,"<"&$B$152:$B$159)-SUM(COUNTIF($B$152:$B$159,H$151:H151)),0)))
< 4 x 1
http://www.mrexcel.com/forum/excel-questions/292473-performance-formulas-unique-count.html
Row Labels ID10907 100-45610987 10987100-456Sioux Sioux(blank) 10907Grand Total
#VALUE!
1 Conditional Formatting is volatile: It recalculates often and can slows overall spreadsheet calculation time.
2 Conditional format row with MIN value for a given city.City Times (h) Criteria: CitySeattle 5 Tacoma 0 0 OaklandTacoma 12 0 0 SeattleOakland 9 Build it in cells just 0 0 TacomaSeattle 4 temporarily, then copy 0 0Tacoma 10 paste into Conditional 1 1 * We saw this backOakland 6 Formatting dialog box =>> 0 0 in Video #3,
Example 1.
* If Conditional Formatting recalculates often & the array formula is big, it could be a recipe for slowing down calculations considerably.
3 Conditional format row with racer's three fastest times using helper cell.Racer Time (s) Number? RacerIsaac 50.3 3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! CadenCaden 49.4 Criteria: #DIV/0! #DIV/0! ChristopheChristophe 47.9 Isaac #DIV/0! #DIV/0! IsaacIsaac 49.5 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! * We saw this back in Video #11, Example 10.
Isaac 50.9 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Caden 50.8 #DIV/0! 50.3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Caden 48.6 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Christophe 49.7 Function: #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Caden 51.1 SMALL = 15 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Christophe 49.6 LARGE = 14 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Christophe 50.3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Isaac 50.2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Topics Sheet
Helper Cell 3 Fastest
Conditional Formatting is volatile: It recalculates often and can slows overall spreadsheet calculation time. How it recalculates ==>>
Min Time64
10
* We saw this backin Video #3,Example 1.
* If Conditional Formatting recalculates often & the array formula is big, it could be a recipe for slowing down calculations considerably.
1 2 3#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
* We saw this back in Video #11, Example 10.
* The user can trigger recalculation in Microsoft Excel in several ways, for example:* Entering new data (if Excel is in Automatic recalculation mode, described later in this topic).* Explicitly instructing Excel to recalculate all or part of a workbook.* Deleting or inserting a row or column.
* Performing certain Autofilter actions.* Double-clicking a row or column divider (in Automatic calculation mode).* Adding, editing, or deleting a defined name.* Renaming a worksheet.* Changing the position of a worksheet in relation to other worksheets.* Hiding or unhiding rows, but not columns.
** From Microsoft Help
* Saving a workbook while the Recalculate before save option is set.
* Entering new data (if Excel is in Automatic recalculation mode, described later in this topic).
CitySeattleTacomaOakland
#VALUE!
1 MODE (2007 or earlier) or MODE.SNGL (2010 or later) finds the number that occurs most frequently.Mode 0 #NAME?
2 When there are multiple modes, MODE or MODE.SNGL report only the first one.3 When there is more than one mode, MODE.MULT returns an array of modes.
4 MODE.MULT: quick and dirty method.Modes:
#NAME?#NAME? * Horizontally, use TRANSPOSE:#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?#NAME?#NAME? <<== #N/A if you highlight too many cells, or if there is no mode (no repeats)
5 MODE.MULT: formula to show blanks instead of #N/A.Count MODEs
0 <<== MODE.MULT returns an array of values.
Modes: <<== MODE.MULT returns a vertical array (values in rows).
6 Formula to show modes horizontally.Modes:
Count Modes Formula:* =COUNT(MODE.MULT(K4:K21))Extract and display modes vertically:*=IF(ROWS(B$22:B22)>$B$19,"",INDEX(MODE.MULT($K$4:$K$21),ROWS(B$22:B22)))* =IFERROR(INDEX(MODE.MULT($K$4:$K$21),ROWS(B$22:B22)),"")Extract and display modes horizontally:* =IF(COLUMNS($D29:D29)>$B$19,"",INDEX(MODE.MULT($K$4:$K$21),COLUMNS($D29:D29)))
Topics Sheet
<<== Highlight more than one cell, use CSE.
<<== NOT require CSE if used in single cell formula.
Values356059995006365096
### For more about statistics and Excel:Author: Conrad Carlberg
1 LINEST Array Function: Statistics for 1 x value. Books: 1) Statistical Analysis, MS Excel 2010, 2) Predictive Analytics: Microsoft Excel * The LINEST function can calculate many statistics for best fitting data to a straight line using the "least squares" method.
1) Calculate the Slope and Intercept for a linear equation (y = mx + b) with one independent variable.2) Calculate the Slopes and Intercept for a linear equation (y = m1x1 + m2x2 + ... + b) with more than one independent variable.
* Calculations based on least squares method.* Highlight cells before entering the function, then use Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
1 X ValueIntercept
82 2 75 0.88420007 71.92069 595 15 9187 5 79 Full Statistics: Highlight 1 more column than there are x variables & 5 rows:85 1 70 Slope 0.88420007 71.92069 Intercept52 6 65 Standard Error m 0.24983159 3.9987247 Standard Error b
97.5 9 98 Coefficient of Determination 0.58189758 9.562087 Standard Error y100 25 100 F 12.5258263 9 df
99 41 100 SS Regression 1145.28024 822.90158 SS Residual80 10 8284 6 7975 2 60
2 LINEST Array Function: Statistics for 2 x value.* When doing multiple regression, the order in which the X variables appear in columns is reversed from the order of the slopes.
2 X ValueIntercept
82 2 75 Reverse Order from X values => 0.50493293 0.6007284 24.98327295 15 9187 5 79 Full Statistics: Highlight 1 more column than there are x variables & 5 rows:85 1 70 m152 6 65 se1
97.5 9 98 m2 0.50493293 0.6007284 24.983272100 25 100 se2 0.20637269 0.1809693 14.40496
99 41 100 Coefficient of Determination 0.82413378 6.5777722 #N/A80 10 82 F 18.7445612 8 #N/A84 6 79 SS Regression 1622.04512 346.1367 #N/A75 2 60 Standard Error y
df
Topics Sheet
Homework scores out of 100 (X1)
Hours Studying for test (X2)
Score on Final (Y)
Hours Studied, Slope = m
Hours You Studied
Highlight both cells, CSE. ==>>
const: Default = TRUE = b calculated normally. FALSE = b set to zero.stats: Default = TRUE = calculate all statistics FALSE = calculate just m and b.
Homework scores out of 100 (X1)
Hours Studying for test (X2)
Score on Final (Y)
Hours Studied, m2
Homework Score, m1
SS Residual3 LINEST Array Function: Statistics for 3 x value.
3 X Value
82 2 2 75 Reverse from X values => 7.8359327 0.3417933 0.3011739
95 15 3.8 9187 5 3.1 79 Full Statistics: Highlight 1 more column than there are x variables & 5 rows:85 1 2.8 70 m2 m152 6 1.9 65 se2 se1
97.5 9 4 98 m3 7.8359327 0.3417933 0.3011739100 25 3.9 100 se3 3.87895026 0.1930545 0.2136187
99 41 4 100 Coefficient of Determination 0.88890193 5.5890353 #N/A80 10 3.8 82 F 18.669131 7 #N/A84 6 3.2 79 SS Regression 1749.52061 218.66121 #N/A75 2 2.1 60 Standard Error y
dfSS Residual
To not see #N/A errors, use:=IFERROR(LINEST(E41:E51,B41:D51,TRUE,TRUE),"")or=IFERROR(LINEST(E41:E51,B41:D51,1,1),"")
m2 m1se2 se1
m3 7.8359327 0.3417933 0.3011739se3 3.87895026 0.1930545 0.2136187
Coefficient of Determination 0.88890193 5.5890353F 18.669131 7
SS Regression 1749.52061 218.66121Standard Error ydfSS Residual
Homework scores out of 100 (X1)
Hours Studying for test (X2)
Grade from Pre Req (x3)
Final (Y)
Pre Req Grade m3
Hours Studied, m2
Homework Score, m1
Books: 1) Statistical Analysis, MS Excel 2010, 2) Predictive Analytics: Microsoft Excel * The LINEST function can calculate many statistics for best fitting data to a straight line using the "least squares" method.
2) Calculate the Slopes and Intercept for a linear equation (y = m1x1 + m2x2 + ... + b) with more than one independent variable.
76.34169
Full Statistics: Highlight 1 more column than there are x variables & 5 rows:
Standard Error bStandard Error y
SS Residual
* When doing multiple regression, the order in which the X variables appear in columns is reversed from the order of the slopes.
8 88 81.8868387605
Full Statistics: Highlight 1 more column than there are x variables & 5 rows:
b to not see errors, use: 0.5049329278 0.6007284416seb =IFERROR(LINEST(D26:D36,B26:C36,TRUE,TRUE),"") 0.2063726914 0.1809692948
or 0.8241337805 6.5777721879=IFERROR(LINEST(D26:D36,B26:C36,1,1),"") 18.744561244 8
1622.0451225 346.13669564
Estimate your Score Based on Past Data
Default = TRUE = b calculated normally. FALSE = b set to zero. Default = TRUE = calculate all statistics FALSE = calculate just m and b.
Hours You Studied X2
Homework X1
Estimate your Score Based on Past Data
Intercept27.648055 3.4 8 88
Full Statistics: Highlight 1 more column than there are x variables & 5 rows: 83.5278741032
27.648055 b12.310559 seb
#N/A#N/A#N/A
=IFERROR(LINEST(E41:E51,B41:D51,TRUE,TRUE),"")
=IFERROR(LINEST(E41:E51,B41:D51,1,1),"")
27.648055 b12.310559 seb
Grade in Pre Req
Hours You Studied X2
Homework X1
Estimate your Score
24.98327247414.40495975
#VALUE!
1 How many characters are in longest word in column?
Wordsrad #NAME?cool or
9funtastic
* LEN reports how many characters are in a cell.Rad * The LEN text argument expects a single value. We give LEN an array of cells and so item returns an array.
* More about AGGREGATE in Video #1 and #11.
2 Lookup Longest Word.
Wordsrad Happy New Year 2013!cool
* The LEN text argument expects a single value. We give LEN an array of cells and so item returns an array.Happy New Year 2013! * MAX(LEN(B16:B23)) creates a lookup_value that is the length of the longest text item.funtastic * LEN(B16:B23) creates an array of numbers and serves as the lookup_array for MATCH.
* Learn about INDEX & MATCH functions on sheet (1), Example: 13.Rad
3 LOOKUP when there are extra spaces in 1st column of lookup table (first column NOT sorted).Name Rate Name Rate June 0.012 Tom Dill 0.021Sam 0.015Phil 0.0175 * TRIM removes all spaces except for single spaces between words.Tom Dill 0.021 * The TRIM text argument expects a single value. We give it an array, so it returns an array.
4 LOOKUP when there are extra spaces in 1st column of lookup table (first column sorted).Name Rate Name Rate June 0.012 June 0.012Phil 0.0175Sam 0.015 * More about LOOKUP function, see Video #10.Tom Dill 0.021
5 Count all characters in column of text.Name CountJune 19Sam
Topics Sheet
Longest word length?
Longest word length?
Lookup Longest Word
Phil * More about SUMPRODUCT, see video #9.Tom Dill
6 Count how many mis-typed spaces there are in column.
Name Count June 19 25 6Phil 6Sam Tom Dill
7 Lookup first number in row when there may be some empty cells. * More about LOOKUP function, see Video #10.8 Lookup last number in row when there may be some empty cells. * Learn about INDEX & MATCH functions on sheet (1), Example: 13.
Stock First Last 11/26/12 11/27/12 11/28/12ABC 23 15 23 15DDR 65 66.8 65MWII 13 #N/A 13 12RAD 54.25 #N/ACOL 9.5 9.65
9 Lookup date associated with first number in row when there may be some empty cells.Stock First Date 11/26/12 11/27/12 11/28/12ABC 23 11/27/12 23 15DDR 65 11/28/12 65MWII 13 11/26/12 13 12RAD 54.25 11/30/12COL 9.5 11/29/12
10 Lookup Column of Data, Match Criterion, Display Items Vertically.Employee Day 1 Day 2 Day 3Lesley Baronne Job 2 Job 2 Job 3Ellsworth Chanofsky Job 3 Job 1 Job 4Man Gresko Job 4 Job 2 Job 2Hobert Linkon Job 3 Job 2 Job 4Venice Gallegher Job 3 Job 3 Job 3Malcom Gunzenhauser Job 3 Job 4 Job 1Darell Gaviria Job 1 Job 1 Job 2Milan Malcome Job 3 Job 2 Job 4Patricia Glowski Job 3 Job 2 Job 4Manual Inbody Job 3 Job 1 Job 4
Employee (2007 or earlier) Day Job Count <== Helper CellEllsworth Chanofsky Day 3 Job 4 5Hobert LinkonMilan Malcome * COUNTIF can accept ranges created by INDEX in range argument: see Video #12, Example 10.
Count without spaces
Extra Spaces
<= CSE
Patricia Glowski * INDEX lookup whole column or row: see Video #13, Example 2.Manual Inbody * More about formulas to extract data: Video #16.
* Learn about INDEX & MATCH functions on sheet (1), Example: 13.
Employee (2010 or later)#VALUE!#VALUE!#VALUE!#VALUE!#VALUE!
11 Formula to sum unique values from a column.Numbers
1 Sum Unique2 1013 * Remember that FREQUENCY delivers one more row than bins (see Video #17).3 * Remember that SUMPRODUCT can only multiply arrays with same dimension (see Video #9)4 * Remember concepts from ther Unique Count Videos (see Video #18).2
12 Formula to sum unique values from a row.Numbers 1 2 1 3 3
Sum Unique10
13 Formula to sum unique values from a column with numbers and empty cells.Numbers
1 Sum Unique2 7
* See FREQUENCY Video #17.4 * See Unique Count Video #18.42
14 RANK with ConditionStudent Score Department RANKIFTameka Eastep 68 Finance 2 * More about SUMPRODUCT, see video #9.
<= No CSE
<= No CSE
<= No CSE
<= CSE
<= No CSE
Noreen Bley 78 Finance 1Hugh Vasques 66 Operations 3Noemi Kinghorn 78 Marketing 2Odessa Paille 94 Operations 1Carlene Meisinger 93 Marketing 1Selena Pulice 75 Operations 2Lonnie Plaisance 72 Marketing 3Hugh Garceau 66 Finance 3
15 CHOOSE function to "mash" 2 columns together into one lookup table.
CHOOSE MATCHUT Sunset Sunset * MATCH is twice as fast.
* But if you had to use VLOOKUP.Value1 Value2 Item * See timing done in workbook file: "Time-CHOOSEMATCH-ColumnMashUp.xlsm"B B Bellen * CHOOSE is a lookup function that allows you to type items toC D Carlota retrieve into function.Q M Quad * index_num tells CHOOSE which item to retrieve.U T Sunset * We give it array constant and so it retrieves both.
16 Add with criteria from multiple columns across multiple sheets using SUMIF, INDIRECT and SUMPRODUCT functions.List Sheets: Region RegionWeek(1) West WestWeek(2) Total Total * "Reference Globally, Calculate Locally"Week(3) #REF! 290 * This method will reduce the volatile calculations caused by INDIRECT. 'Week(1)'!B2:B7 #REF!* INDIRECT function converts text to reference. INDIRECT is volatile (recalculate often).
Calculation:
* INDIRECT takes text that represents references & converts them to references.* "'"&B153:B155&"'!B2:B7" creates text: {"'Week(1)'!B2:B7";"'Week(2)'!B2:B7";"'Week(3)'!B2:B7"}, which INDIRECT converts to 3-D.
* INDIRECT is our way of "tricking" SUMIF function into doing 3-D cell Reference.* The SUMIFS will now to three conditional summations, one for each sheet.
* SUMIF returns an array of values, so to add them, we use SUMPRODUCT (specifically programmed to handle array calculations.
17 Max of 2 day running total - SUBTOTAL, OFFSET and MAX function. Days
2
Max of Max of 2 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 416 #N/A 3 10 6 8
Lookup Value <<== Both require CSE.
* SUMPRODUCT does not need CSE.
1) =SUMPRODUCT(SUMIF(INDIRECT("'"&B153:B155&"'!B2:B7"),C153,INDIRECT("'"&B153:B155&"'!C2:C7")))
2) =SUMPRODUCT(SUMIF('Week(1):Week(3)'!B2:B7,C153,'Week(1):Week(3)'!C2:C7))
3) =SUMPRODUCT({60;110;120})
Require CSE No CSE
15 #N/A 9 6 6 916 #N/A 1 5 8 2
9 #N/A 6 1 1 1
Max of 2 Day 1 & 2 Day 2 & 3 Day 3 & 4 Day 4 & 516 16 13 16 14 1315 15 15 12 15 1116 16 6 13 10 10
9 9 7 2 2 8
Calculation:
* We give cols argument an array and so it delivers an array of ranges. We can't see results when we F9 in Edit Mode, but SUBTOTAL will.
* SUBTOTAL(9,OFFSET(D175,0,{0,1,2,3,4,5},1,$B$172)) creates the array: {13,16,14,13,12,10}* {13,16,14,13,12,10} is the list of 2 week running totals.
Calculation of dynamic OFFSET function cols argument array:
* COLUMNS(D175:J175)-$B$172+1 is used so that if columns are inserted, the number would update to one bigger.* COLUMNS(D175:J175)-$B$172+1 creates the number: 6
* "1:"&6 creates the text string "1:6".* "1:6" is a text string that represents the row reference 1:6
* INDIRECT takes text that represents references & converts them to references.
18 If text in cell contains 1 of 3 words, extract it.
Description Boom
$23 Fast Catch Fast Catch
$46 Freestyle Freestyle
$22 Accuracy Accuracy
* Array constants don't require CSE.
1) =MAX(SUBTOTAL(9,OFFSET(D175,0,{0,1,2,3,4,5},1,$B$172)))
2) =MAX(SUBTOTAL(9,OFFSET(D175,0,{0,1,2,3,4,5},1,$B$172)))
3) =MAX({13,16,14,13,12,10})4) The formula delivers a single number: 16
1) =ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&COLUMNS(D175:J175)-$B$172+1))-1
2) =ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&6))-1
3) =ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&6))-1
4) =ROW(1:6)-15) ={1;2;3;4;5;6}-16) ={0;1;2;3;4;5}
Auction Result
Fast CatchFreestyleAccuracy?
Colorado Boomerang made fast catch
Quad - freestyle boomerang, Gel Boomerang manufacturer
French Fox Inc. Tri-Acc accuracy boomerang
$43
$31 Rusty Harding Omega $68 Colorado Quad - Freestyle $15 Freestyle
Darnell VERY FAST Fact Catch $34
$91
Calculations:
* SEARCH tells you the start position of a sub-text string within a second text string.
* SEARCH will be looking for any of the three text items with in the Description.* The find_text argument of SEARCH expects a single value. We give it more than one value to search for and so the SEARCH will
return an array of positions (an array of values).* SEARCH({"Fast Catch";"Freestyle";"Accuracy"},B211) creates the array: {25;#VALUE!;#VALUE!}
* {25;#VALUE!;#VALUE!} is the lookup_vector.* The number 2^15 is one bigger than the max number of characters in a cell. This big number will always find the number in the
SEARCH created array.
* This doesn't actually happen, but is as if it does.
* IFERROR is an efficient function because it will run the LOOKUP only one time regardless of whether it is an error or not.
19 Lookup Multiplying.
0.8 Catch Fish F
0.2 NFDays gone fishing 3
Sample Space Multiply * Same as Video #5, except we use PRODUCT function instead of SUMPRODUCT.Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 PrF F F 0.512NF F F 0.128 Calculation:
Long Distance - Custom - Dan Special
Doubler copy by Bowers for Trick / Doubling
Aussie Round Collectable from 1970s D.C. Tournament
* LOOKUP function and Array Constants do not require CSE.
1) =IFERROR(LOOKUP(2^15,SEARCH({"Fast Catch";"Freestyle";"Accuracy"},B211),{"Fast Catch";"Freestyle";"Accuracy"}),"")
2 =IFERROR(LOOKUP(2^15,=SEARCH({"Fast Catch";"Freestyle";"Accuracy"},"Colorado Boomerang made fast catch"),{"Fast Catch";"Freestyle";"Accuracy"}),"")
3) =IFERROR(LOOKUP(2^15,{25;#VALUE!;#VALUE!},{"Fast Catch";"Freestyle";"Accuracy"}),"")
4) =IFERROR(LOOKUP("Select 1st item in result_vector",{"Fast Catch";"Freestyle";"Accuracy"}),"")
5) The formula delivers a single word: Fast Catch.
Probability that Pete Catch Fish on particular Day
Probability that Pete NOT Catch Fish on particular Day
Not Catch Fish
<<== CSE is required.
F NF F 0.128F F NF 0.128 * We give SUMIF criteria argument an array, so it delivers an array.NF NF F 0.032 * SUMIF creates the array: {0.8,0.8,0.8}NF F NF 0.032F NF NF 0.032NF NF NF 0.008
20 Sum Every 3rd row.Numbers Every: Sum every 3
1 3 0 3 112 1 03 3 1 Calculations:4 2 05 3 0 * We use ROW(B260:B276)-ROW(B260)+1 so that if rows are inserted, our formula still works.6 1 17 2 0 * MOD function gives you remainder after doing division.8 1 0 * We give the MOD number argument an array, and so it delivers an array.9 3 1
10 3 0 * These are the remainders.11 2 0 * Are any equal to zero?12 2 1 * Double Negative converts TRUEs and FALSEs to 1s and 0s.13 3 014 1 015 2 1 * SUMPRODUCT multiplies then adds the arrays.16 2 017 2 0
21 Extract Numbers From Text String and calculate Net Cost Equivalent.
Product Retail PriceQuad $30.25 20/05/10/20 0.5472Bellen $25.25 10/10/08/18 0.611064Carlota $21.95 15/10/16/16 0.539784Carlota Doublers $55.95 05/05/08/08 0.763876
Product Retail PriceQuad $30.25 20/05/10/20 0.5472Bellen $25.25 10/10 0.81Carlota $21.95 15/10/16 0.6426Carlota Doublers $55.95 05 0.95
Calculations:
1) =PRODUCT(SUMIF($E$242:$E$243,B248:D248,$C$242:$C$243))
2) =PRODUCT({0.8,0.8,0.8})* PRODUCT is not programmed to handle arrays, so must use CSE.
1) =SUMPRODUCT(--(MOD(ROW(B260:B276)-ROW(B260)+1,D260)=0),B260:B276)
2) =SUMPRODUCT(--(MOD({1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10;11;12;13;14;15;16;17},D260)=0),B260:B276)
3) =SUMPRODUCT(--({1;2;0;1;2;0;1;2;0;1;2;0;1;2;0;1;2}=0),B260:B276)
4) =SUMPRODUCT({0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0},B260:B276)5) =SUMPRODUCT({0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0},{3;1;3;2;3;1;2;1;3;3;2;2;3;1;2;2;2})
6) The formula delivers a single number: 11
Series Discount
Net Cost Equivalent <<== Array Constants do not require CSE.
Series Discount
Net Cost Equivalent <<== Requires CSE.
1) =PRODUCT(1-MID(D280,{1,4,7,10},2)/100)
* MID extracts text from a text string.* We give the MID function start_num argument an array and so will return an array of items.* MID(D280,{1,4,7,10},2) creates the array: {"20","05","10","20"}
* {"20","05","10","20"} is an array of text items (you can tell because they are in double quotes).* The math operations will convert and text number back to a number.* The division is done first.
* Compliment Rule to get individual cost equivalents.
* Multiply to get Net Cost Equivalent.
Dynamic Array Constant calculation:
* CHOOSE is a lookup function that allows you to type items to retrieve into function.
* index_num tells CHOOSE which item to retrieve.* The LEN(D286)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(D286,"/","")) tells us how many "/" there are.* When there are no "/" LEN(D286)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(D286,"/","")) will deliver 0, but the +1 will add one.* LEN(D286)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(D286,"/",""))+1 delivers the index_num.* LEN(D286)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(D286,"/",""))+1 evaluates to the number 4.
* CHOOSE will select the correct argument for the start_num argument in MID.* CHOOSE(4,1,{1,4},{1,4,7},{1,4,7,10}) delivers the array: {1,4,7,10}
22 Max number in succession.
Numbers Unique List43 12 143 37 154 43 337 54 168 68 26843434312
2) =PRODUCT(1-{"20","05","10","20"}/100)
3) =PRODUCT(1-{0.2,0.05,0.1,0.2})
4) =PRODUCT({0.8,0.95,0.9,0.8})
5) The formula delivers a single number: 0.5472
1) =CHOOSE(LEN(D286)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(D286,"/",""))+1,1,{1,4},{1,4,7},{1,4,7,10})
* Notice that we have 1 of four items we are looking up: 1,{1,4},{1,4,7},{1,4,7,10}2) =CHOOSE(LEN(D286)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(D286,"/",""))+1,1,{1,4},{1,4,7},{1,4,7,10})
3) =PRODUCT(1-MID(D286,CHOOSE(4,1,{1,4},{1,4,7},{1,4,7,10}),2)/100)4) =PRODUCT(1-MID(D286,CHOOSE(4,1,{1,4},{1,4,7},{1,4,7,10}),2)/100)
5) =PRODUCT(1-MID(D286,{1,4,7,10},2)/100)6) =PRODUCT(1-{"20","05","10","20"}/100)7) =PRODUCT({0.8,0.95,0.9,0.8})8) The formula delivers a single number: 0.5472
Max In Succession
* FREQUENCY counts numbers given upper bins. See video #17 for more about FREQUENCY.Calculations for formula in cell F328:
* data_array argument.* We need to create our numbers to count.
* These numbers represent matches.
* bins_array argument.* We need to create our upper values for each category.
* These numbers represent upper values for each category.
* We can see with our eyes that there are three reds in a row.
* 328 is the upper value for the first category. The first category for FREQUENCY always counts everything equal to it and less.
* 335 is the upper value for the penultimate category. This category for FREQUENCY always counts everything equal to it and less.* 328 category will count 2, 335 category will count 3.
9) =MAX({2;0;0;0;3;0})* The last zero is from the one extra category that FREQUENCY creates.
10) The formula delivers a single number: 3.
23 Max text item in succession.
Text Unique ListOS BK 2OS JP 1T OS 3US T 1BKBKOSOSOSJP
24 Max consecutive appearances in Bowl Games, Win or Lose .
1) =MAX(FREQUENCY(IF($B$326:$B$335=E328,ROW($B$326:$B$335)),IF($B$326:$B$335<>E328,ROW($B$326:$B$335))))* FREQUENCY counts numbers (data_array argument) given upper bins (bins_array argument).
2) =MAX(FREQUENCY(IF($B$326:$B$335=E328,ROW($B$326:$B$335)),IF($B$326:$B$335<>E328,ROW($B$326:$B$335))))
* IF($B$326:$B$335=E328,ROW($B$326:$B$335)) creates the array: {326;327;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;332;333;334;FALSE}
3) =MAX(FREQUENCY({326;327;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;332;333;334;FALSE},IF($B$326:$B$335<>E328,ROW($B$326:$B$335))))4) =MAX(FREQUENCY({326;327;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;332;333;334;FALSE},IF($B$326:$B$335<>E328,ROW($B$326:$B$335))))
* IF($B$326:$B$335<>E328,ROW($B$326:$B$335)) creates the array: {FALSE;FALSE;328;329;330;331;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;335}
5) =MAX(FREQUENCY({326;327;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;332;333;334;FALSE},{FALSE;FALSE;328;329;330;331;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;335}))
6) =MAX(FREQUENCY({326;327;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;332;333;334;FALSE},{FALSE;FALSE;328;329;330;331;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;335}))
7) =MAX(FREQUENCY({326;327;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;332;333;334;FALSE},{FALSE;FALSE;328;329;330;331;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;335}))
Max In Succession
Win Loose Unique ListOS T BK 2OS QR JP 1T OS OS 4US LL T 1BK FRDM EE * The OR criteria helps us to count in either one or the other column.BK OS * The AND criteria helps us to ensure that both teams are "NOT" equal to the team of interest (criterion).OS BK * For more about Boolean Logic, see Video #14.OS LL * For more about FREQUENCY See video #17.JP OS
25 How Many Friday 13th?Start 12/9/2012End 11/9/2014How Many Friday 13th? 3
26 Reverse lookup Two-Way Lookup.Reverse lookup on two-way date time schedule.
Max In Succession from either Win or Lose.
Excel Magic Trick 478: Reverse Two Way Lookup For Date and Time Column and Row Headershttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssUdM4SFjc8
* The LEN text argument expects a single value. We give LEN an array of cells and so item returns an array.
* The LEN text argument expects a single value. We give LEN an array of cells and so item returns an array.* MAX(LEN(B16:B23)) creates a lookup_value that is the length of the longest text item.* LEN(B16:B23) creates an array of numbers and serves as the lookup_array for MATCH.* Learn about INDEX & MATCH functions on sheet (1), Example: 13.
* TRIM removes all spaces except for single spaces between words.* The TRIM text argument expects a single value. We give it an array, so it returns an array.
* More about LOOKUP function, see Video #10.
<<== No CSE
<<== CSE
<<== CSE
<<== CSE
<<==NO CSE
<<==NO CSE
* More about SUMPRODUCT, see video #9.
* More about LOOKUP function, see Video #10.* Learn about INDEX & MATCH functions on sheet (1), Example: 13.
11/29/12 11/30/12
67 66.812.7554.25
9.5 9.65
11/29/12 11/30/12
67 66.812.7554.25
9.5 9.65
<== Helper Cell
* COUNTIF can accept ranges created by INDEX in range argument: see Video #12, Example 10.
<<==NO CSE
* INDEX lookup whole column or row: see Video #13, Example 2.
* Learn about INDEX & MATCH functions on sheet (1), Example: 13.
* Remember that FREQUENCY delivers one more row than bins (see Video #17).* Remember that SUMPRODUCT can only multiply arrays with same dimension (see Video #9)* Remember concepts from ther Unique Count Videos (see Video #18).
4 2
* More about SUMPRODUCT, see video #9.
* MATCH is twice as fast.* But if you had to use VLOOKUP.* See timing done in workbook file: "Time-CHOOSEMATCH-ColumnMashUp.xlsm"* CHOOSE is a lookup function that allows you to type items to
retrieve into function.* index_num tells CHOOSE which item to retrieve.* We give it array constant and so it retrieves both.
Add with criteria from multiple columns across multiple sheets using SUMIF, INDIRECT and SUMPRODUCT functions.
* "Reference Globally, Calculate Locally"* This method will reduce the volatile calculations caused by INDIRECT.
* "'"&B153:B155&"'!B2:B7" creates text: {"'Week(1)'!B2:B7";"'Week(2)'!B2:B7";"'Week(3)'!B2:B7"}, which INDIRECT converts to 3-D.
* SUMIF returns an array of values, so to add them, we use SUMPRODUCT (specifically programmed to handle array calculations.
Day 5 Day 6 Day 75 7 3
INDIRECT("'"&B153:B155&"'!C2:C7")))
2 6 28 8 37 1 8
Day 5 & 6 Day 6 & 712 10
8 816 11
8 9
* We give cols argument an array and so it delivers an array of ranges. We can't see results when we F9 in Edit Mode, but SUBTOTAL will.
* SUBTOTAL(9,OFFSET(D175,0,{0,1,2,3,4,5},1,$B$172)) creates the array: {13,16,14,13,12,10}
* COLUMNS(D175:J175)-$B$172+1 is used so that if columns are inserted, the number would update to one bigger.
Largest number of characters in a cell
2^15 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!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2^15-1 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!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* The find_text argument of SEARCH expects a single value. We give it more than one value to search for and so the SEARCH will
* SEARCH({"Fast Catch";"Freestyle";"Accuracy"},B211) creates the array: {25;#VALUE!;#VALUE!}
* The number 2^15 is one bigger than the max number of characters in a cell. This big number will always find the number in the
* IFERROR is an efficient function because it will run the LOOKUP only one time regardless of whether it is an error or not.
* Same as Video #5, except we use PRODUCT function instead of SUMPRODUCT.
Calculation:
,{"Fast Catch";"Freestyle";"Accuracy"}),"")
=SEARCH({"Fast Catch";"Freestyle";"Accuracy"},"Colorado Boomerang made fast catch"),{"Fast Catch";"Freestyle";"Accuracy"}),"")
;"Freestyle";"Accuracy"}),"")
* We give SUMIF criteria argument an array, so it delivers an array.* SUMIF creates the array: {0.8,0.8,0.8}
* We use ROW(B260:B276)-ROW(B260)+1 so that if rows are inserted, our formula still works.
* MOD function gives you remainder after doing division.* We give the MOD number argument an array, and so it delivers an array.
* Double Negative converts TRUEs and FALSEs to 1s and 0s.
* SUMPRODUCT multiplies then adds the arrays.
4 {1,4,7,10}2 {1,4}3 {1,4,7}1 1
1) =PRODUCT(SUMIF($E$242:$E$243,B248:D248,$C$242:$C$243))
2) =PRODUCT({0.8,0.8,0.8})* PRODUCT is not programmed to handle arrays, so must use CSE.
=SUMPRODUCT(--(MOD(ROW(B260:B276)-ROW(B260)+1,D260)=0),B260:B276)
{1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10;11;12;13;14;15;16;17},D260)=0),B260:B276)
{1;2;0;1;2;0;1;2;0;1;2;0;1;2;0;1;2}=0),B260:B276)
=SUMPRODUCT({0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0},B260:B276);0;0;1;0;0},{3;1;3;2;3;1;2;1;3;3;2;2;3;1;2;2;2})
<<== Array Constants do not require CSE.
* We give the MID function start_num argument an array and so will return an array of items.
* {"20","05","10","20"} is an array of text items (you can tell because they are in double quotes).
* When there are no "/" LEN(D286)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(D286,"/","")) will deliver 0, but the +1 will add one.
* 328 is the upper value for the first category. The first category for FREQUENCY always counts everything equal to it and less.
* 335 is the upper value for the penultimate category. This category for FREQUENCY always counts everything equal to it and less.
IF($B$326:$B$335<>E328,ROW($B$326:$B$335))))bins_array argument).
,IF($B$326:$B$335<>E328,ROW($B$326:$B$335))))
;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;332;333;334;FALSE}
,IF($B$326:$B$335<>E328,ROW($B$326:$B$335))))IF($B$326:$B$335<>E328,ROW($B$326:$B$335))))
* IF($B$326:$B$335<>E328,ROW($B$326:$B$335)) creates the array: {FALSE;FALSE;328;329;330;331;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;335}
;FALSE},{FALSE;FALSE;328;329;330;331;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;335}))
;FALSE},{FALSE;FALSE;328;329;330;331;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;335}))
;FALSE},{FALSE;FALSE;328;329;330;331;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;335}))
* The OR criteria helps us to count in either one or the other column.* The AND criteria helps us to ensure that both teams are "NOT" equal to the team of interest (criterion).* For more about Boolean Logic, see Video #14.* For more about FREQUENCY See video #17.
NameJuneSamPhilTom Dill
NameJuneSamPhilTom Dill
Job:Job 1Job 2Job 3
Job 4
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!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CitySeattleTacomaOaklandSeattleTacomaOakland
DPCache_(10)
Page 295
CityNYSFSFNYSFNY
DPCache_(20)
Page 296
ID100-456
1098710987
100-456
Sioux10907
Sioux