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Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener

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Page 1: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Defining and MeasuringWell-Being

Ed Diener

Page 2: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Complete the Scales Now.If You Have Not Finished,

You Can Complete Them at Home

(6 pages; stop when you get to Scoring Instructions)

Page 3: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

History: What is Happiness?What is Well-Being?

Greek PhilosophersHedonists, EpicureansUtilitarians: BenthamAristotle (Eudaimonia)

Diener’s empirical approachSWBEudaimonia

Page 4: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Types of Subjective Well-Being

Positive AffectNegative AffectLife SatisfactionSatisfaction with Domains (e.g., health, work, marriage)

Page 5: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Separation of SWB• Life satisfaction

With life and domains of life• Positive Feelings

Joy, enjoyment, love, awe, etc.• Low Negative Feelings

Anger, depression, anxiety, envy, guilt

Page 6: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Can We Measure SWB with Just One Number?

• Not completely, no

• Life satisfaction – material well-being

• Positive affect – social well-being

• Negative affect – personality, conflicts

Page 7: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

The Summum Bonum?

• Happiness is everything

– The reason we seek all other goals– When we have it, we need nothing else

Page 8: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Is SWB the Summum Bonum?

Page 9: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Methods to Assess Subjective Well-Being

• Self-report surveys: How satisfied are you?• Family and friends• Smiling, laughing• Biological indicators• Cognitive measures (e.g., memory)

These CONVERGE!

Page 10: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Issue 1: Are SWB Measures Valid?

Self-reports

Experience Sampling

Informant Reports

Biological

Measures SWB

ObjectiveBehavior

Memory and RT

Interview

Page 11: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Are The Measures Valid?

Yes!They correlate with each other They predict future behavior

Not perfect, but pretty good

Grade: B

Page 12: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Discussion• Current mood influenced your score?

• Global biases – some positive, some not?

• Valid for you?

Page 13: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Eudaimonic Theories

• Living a meaningful life; living in accord with human nature

Carol RyffDeci and RyanMartin Seligman -- PERMA

Page 14: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

“Eudaimonic” TheoriesSelf-Determination Theory

• Ed Deci and Richard Ryan

• Competence• Autonomy• Relatedness

Page 15: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Carol Ryff• Purpose• Mastery• Self-acceptance• Autonomy• Personal growth• Positive relationships

Page 16: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

PERMA (Seligman)

• Pleasure• Engagement (e.g., Flow)• Relationships• Meaning• Achievement

Page 17: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Empirical Relations Eudaimonic and Subjective Forms of Well-Being

.89

SWB

.41

Support .43

Community.47

Trust .58

Respect .33

Loneliness.59

Belongingness.60

Flow .61

Skill .42

Learning.06

Control

.67

Achievement.77

Meaning.77

Optimism.79

LS.78

PA.08

NA

e1

e2

e3

e4

e5

e6

e7

e8

e9

e10

e13

e14

e15

e16

e17

e18

.89

.88

-.28

.48

.46

.46

.85

Relationship

.91

Mastery

.64

.66

.76-.58

.77

.77.78.65

-.23

.88

.88

.82

.69

.60

Efficacy e11.71

Worth e12

.78

.84

Well-being

.92

.95

.94

e_r

e_m

e_s

Page 18: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Diener: Sustainable Happiness

• The so-called Eudaimonic forms of well-being are important because they can create long-term subjective well-being

• People cannot just seek pleasures to stay happy

• People need long-term goalsPurpose and Meaning

• People need others• People enjoy mastery and flow

Page 19: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Sustainable Happiness: Meaning

Page 20: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Useful Fiction

Although SWB and eudaimonia are not so separate as some would have us believe, it is useful to consider eudaimonia as valuable in itself because it can create long-term happiness for humans. These are things we need to be happy and to make others happy.

Page 21: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Discussion Important? Different?

• Subjective well-being• Psychological well-being• Quality of life• Eudaimonia

Page 22: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Why Measure Well-Being?

• To help people see where they are strong vs. need improvement

• To guide policy• To use in scientific study• People attend to what is measured

Page 23: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Conclusions• There are several types of SWB• There are additional types of eudaimonic

happiness• All these comprise psychological well-being• The self-report measures are reasonably valid• The measures have several useful purposes• Eudaimonia might be an approach to

sustainable happiness

Page 24: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you
Page 25: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Diener’s scales measure the various forms of well-being

–PA, NA, Life satisfaction–Mastery, achievement–Meaning and purpose]–Etc.

Page 26: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

SCORINGReversing Negative Items

3 items on page 1 13, 14, 15

3 items on page 228, 29, 30

Subtract your answer from 6

Page 27: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Overview of Scale Scoring

– Adding up subscalesPage 1, Page 2, Each section on Page 3, etc.

– But first reversing six items

Page 28: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Scoring

• Page 1 – add 18 items (after reversing)• Page 2 – add Add 21 items

Page 29: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Scale Norms

• Page 1 – 18 items = Relationships Scale• Page 2 – 21 items = Mastery & Engagement• Page 3 – 3 items (40-42) Meaning/Purpose• Page 3 – 3 items (43-45) Optimism• Page 3 – 3 items (46-48) Life Satisfaction• Page 3 – 3 items (49-51) Positive Feelings• Page 3 – 3 items (52-54) Negative Feelings

Page 30: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Page 4

• Flourishing Scale (8 items)– Add 55 – 63

• Satisfaction with life scale (5 items)– Add 63 – 67

• SPANE Positive Experience (6 items)– Add 68, 70, 72, 74, 77, 79

• SPANE Negative Experience (6 items)– Add 69, 71, 73, 75, 76, 78

Page 31: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Thriving ScaleBrief Psychological Well-Being Scale

(10 items)• Add items 3, 16, 20, 31, 34, 37, 40, 43,

48, and 51

Cantril’s Ladder – just whatever numbered step you are on is your score

Page 32: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

• Now you can move your scores to the Scales NORMS pages. Each score next to the appropriate scale, and you can circle the norm description that describes your score.

Page 33: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Your Profile of Well-BeingRelationshipsMastery/EngagementMeaning/PurposeSWB Optimism Life Satisfaction Positive Experience Negative ExperienceFlourishing ScaleBrief Psychological Well-Being Scale (Thriving)SWLS (Life satisfaction)SPANE Positive experienceSPANE Negative experienceCantril’s Scale (Ladder)

Page 34: Defining and Measuring Well-Being Ed Diener. Complete the Scales Now. If You Have Not Finished, You Can Complete Them at Home (6 pages; stop when you

Discussion

• How do you feel about the scales? Reactions, responses?

• Is your Eudaimonia different from your SWB?