3 movements of the trunk flexion rotation extension
TRANSCRIPT
TRUNK FLEXION: Rectus Abdominalis
• O: Crest of Pubis & ligaments covering front of symphysis pubis.
I: By «3 portions into cartilages of 5th, 6th & 7th ribs.
• N: Lower intercostal nerves.
• Accessory Ms.:• Internal Obliques & external
obliques (reverse action).
TRUNK FLEXION: ROM
• In backlying: flex. of thorax on pelvis is possible until scapulae are raised from the table.
• Motion is mainly at the thoracic spine.
Fixation:
1) Reverse action of hip flexor muscles.
2) Weight of legs and pelvis.
TRUNK FLEXION: Rectus AbdominalisLimited ROM if:• Tension of the posterior longitudinal
ligament, ligamenta flava & interspinal & infraspinal ligaments.
• Tension of the spinal extensor muscles.
• Apposition of lower lips of vertebral bodies anteriorly with surfaces of subjacent vertebrae.
• Compression of intervertebral fibocartilages in front.
• Contact of lower ribs with abdomen.
TRUNK FLEXION: Testing Grade 1-0
•Note: observe deviation of umbilicus. •Upward movement indicates stronger contraction of upper section muscle,
& downward movement, stronger contraction of lower section.
Trunk Rotation: Internal & External Oblique
External Oblique:• O: 8 digitations from
external surfaces & inf. borders of lower 8 ribs.
• I: Ant. ½ of iliac crest & aponeurosis to pubic tubercle.
• N: Lower intercostals.
Trunk Rotation: Internal & External Oblique
Internal Oblique
• O: lateral half of upper surface of inguinal ligament, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest.
• I: Crest of pubis, linea alba, inf. bordres of cartilages of 3 last ribs.
• N: Lower intercostals.
Trunk Rotation: Int. & Ext. Oblique: ROM
ROM in backlying: until scapula on side of forward shoulder is raised from table.
Limited by:• Tension of annulus fibrosus
between vertebrae.
• Tension of oblique abdominal muscles on side opposite to those being tested.
• In thoracic area, tension of the costovertebral ligaments.In Lumbar area, interlocking of articular facets.
Fixation:• Reverse action of hip
flexors.
• Accessory muscles:– Lattissimus Dorsi.– Semispinalis.– Multifidus.– Rotatores– Rectus abdominis
(combined trunk rotation & flexion).
Trunk Rotation: Int. & Ext. Oblique: Gr. 1 & 0
•Note: Observe deviation of umbilicus, which will move towards the strongest quadrant if there is a difference in strength of opposing oblique muscles.
Trunk Extension
5 muscles:• Iliocostalis Dorsalis• Longissimus dorsi• Spinalis dorsi• Iliocostalis lumborum
• Quadratus lumborum
• Sacrospinalis
Trunk ExtensionAccessory muscles:• Semispinales• Rotatores• Multifidus.
ROM:
• Thoracic spine extends only to approximately a straight line.
• Lumbar spine extends freely.
Fixation: • Contraction of gluteus max. &
hamstring muscles.• Weight of pelvis & legs.
• Limitation of ROM:
• Tension of anterior Longitudinal ligament of spine.
• Tension of ant. Abdominal Muscles
• Contact of spinous processes.
• Contact of inf. articular margins with laminae.