Bones: Humerus (Major Upper Arm Bone), Radius (Lateral side of forearm), Ulna (Medial side of forearm) Movements: Flexion (Biceps), Extension (Triceps), Supination & Pronation Supination Pronation Flexion Extension Ligaments: Radial Collateral Ligament (RCL), Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL), Annular Ligament (Allows for Pronation/Supination) Bursa: Olecranon Bursa One of the most frequently injured bursa Occurs from an Acute hit or Overuse Injury S/Sx: Pain, Lots of Swelling, Warmth, Crepitus (Cracking Feeling/Sound) Tx: RICE, Compression Wrap to control swelling, Possible Aspiration (Draining) by physician, Padding The Muscles & Ligaments of the Elbow may be injured Biceps, Triceps, RCL, UCL Grades 1, 2, 3 Pain in the muscle or ligament, Swelling, Loss of ROM Tx: RICE, Sling, Refer for X-Rays Tommy John Surgery Tear of Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Frequently happens to baseball pitchers EPICONDYLITIS Occurs at the Epicondyles of the Humerus Lateral Side : Tennis Elbow Medial Side: Pitchers Elbow Overuse Injury, from repeated wrist Flexion & Extension Tennis, Golf, Throwing, etc. S/Sx: Pain over Epicondyles, Swelling, Pain during Movement Tx: RICE, Sling, Ultrasound, Muscle Stimulation, Bracing, Rehab MOI: FOOSH, Hyperextension Ulna, Radius, or Humerus Displaced May move Anterior, Posterior, Lateral Also involves tearing of muscles, tendons, ligaments S/Sx: Severe Pain, Disability, Loss of ROM Tx: RICE, Sling, Ambulance or Hospital ASAP Reduction by Physician, Surgery Extensive Rehab One of the most common forearm fractures, involves the DISTAL radius Whats Distal? Causes: Usually FOOSH, forcing wrist into hyperextension S/Sx: Pain, Deformity, Swelling RICE, Sling or Splint, X-Rays, Surgery? Bones: Phalanges (fingers) Metacarpals (hand) Carpals (wrist) Carpals: Pity The Little Student, He Cant Take Tests Pisiform, Triquetral, Lunate, Scaphoid, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium Common in Sports MOI: FOOSH, Forced Flexion or Extension S/Sx: Pain, Swelling, Decreased ROM Tx: RICE, Splint or Sling, X-Rays Scaphoid is one of the Carpal Bones MOI: FOOSH S/Sx: Similar Symptoms to Wrist Sprain; Pain, Swelling, Loss of ROM Symptom: Pain in the ANATOMICAL SNUFFBOX The Scaphoid is located at the bottom of the snuffbox, pain in this area is a good sign of Scaphoid Fracture Treatment: RICE, Immobilization (Cast or Splint), X-Rays Surgery may be needed on this if the blood flow is messed up by the fracture If this bone is not getting the blood that it needs, NECROSIS may occur Necrosis: Death of Tissue Hit to the distal finger Fingernail may have a collection of blood underneath Painful Tx: Soak in cold or ice water to reduce swelling May be drained by physician Caused by a Direct Hit to End of Finger Common in Baseball/Softball Causes a tear in the tendon that straightens or extends the tip of the finger Pain, Swelling, Discoloration Splint, Refer for X- Rays Phalange bone popped out of normal alignment Splint, keep still, ice, take to doctor Doctor can relocate finger and check for fracture