SEMINAR ON

3-D PRINTING

Submitted by:Saurav Agrawal11EMGEC018

Submitted to:Mr. Manoj Sharma Mr. Prateek Gupta

TABLE OF CONTENT

IntroductionPrinting Techniques3-D PrintingGeneral PrinciplePrinting MethodApplicationChallenges ConclusionReferences

INTRODUCTION

Printing is a process for reproducing text and images, typically with ink on paper using a master form or template on print press.

PRINTING TECHNIQUES

Subtractive Manufacturing

Computerized Numerical Control(CNC) Machining

Additive Manufacturing

3-D Printing

Subtractive Manufacturing

Creates a product by removing sections from a block of material.

Generates waste through the excess material that is removed.

Limited design capabilities

COMPUTERIZED NUMERICAL CONTROL(CNC) MACHINING

A method of Subtractive Manufacturing that removes sections from a block of material by cutting or drilling the excess material away.

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

Creates a product through adding materials to the object.

Adds material layer by layer until printing is finished.

Allows for complex and intricate designs.

3-D PRINTING

A method of applying 2-d image on a 3-d surface.

In 3D printing, additive processes are used. These objects can be of almost any shape or geometry, and are produced from a 3D model or other electronic data source. A 3D printer is a type of industrial robot.

3-d models

GENERAL PRICIPLE

Modeling PrintingFinishing

Modeling

3D printable models may be created with a computer aided design (CAD) package or via a 3D scanner or via a plain digital camera and photogrammetric software.

The 3D model then needs to be converted to either a.STL or a .OBJ format, to allow the printing software to be able to read it.

Printing

Before printing a 3D model from an STL file, it must first be examined for “manifold errors”.

Once that's done, the .STL file needs to be processed by a piece of software called a "slicer" which converts the model into a series of thin layers and produces a G-code file.

This G-code file can then be printed with 3D printing client software.

Finishing

Though the printer-produced resolution is sufficient for many applications, printing a slightly oversized version of the desired object in standard resolution, and then removing material with a higher-resolution subtractive process can achieve a higher-resolution.

Some additive manufacturing techniques are capable of using multiple materials in the course of constructing parts.

Printing Procedure

PRINTING METHODS

Several different 3D printing methods have been invented since the late 1970s. Some popular method are

1) Selective laser sintering (SLS)

2) Stereo lithography

3) Fused deposition modeling (FDM)

4) Laminated object manufacturing

Selective laser sintering(SLS)

Selective laser sintering(SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high power laser to fuse small particles of plastic, metal (direct metal laser sintering),ceramic or glass powders into a mass that has a desired 3-dimensional shape

Stereo lithography

Stereo lithography is an additive manufacturing process using a vat of liquid UV-curable photopolymer “resin” and a UV laser to build parts a layer at a time.

Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM)

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modeling, prototyping, and production applications

Laminated Object Manufacturing

Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) is a rapid prototyping system. In it, layers of adhesive-coated paper, plastic or metal laminates are successively glued together and cut to shape with a knife or laser cutter.

APPLICATION

3-D printing means creating any 3-dimentional object

by just it’s 2-d image. So it’s application area is very wide. Some are

Spare partsMachineryAutomobileArtistic items

Graphic Representation

Achievements

The Mysteriously sunken HMS Erebus resurrected with 3-D printing.

Syrian soldier successfully fitted with Titanium 3D printed jaw.

A leopard tortoise given new shell with 3-d printing.

Reebok’s CHECKLIGHT Safety Cap “Not possible without 3D printing”.

World’s First 3D Printed Plane Takes Flight.

Some 3-d Models

CHALLANGES

The 3D printer is a double edged sword. It stands to transform technology and society for the better, but we also can't ignore the potential negative consequences.

3D printers are energy hogs.Unhealthy air emissions.National security risks.Safety of items that come into contact with

food

CONCLUSION

In paper 3-d printing may look an attractive and very useful technology and indeed it is. It can create almost anything you want but greater the advantages of a technology greater it possess the risk of danger to the society and world. 3-d printing can solve our many problems effectively and can create a one too.

REFERENCES

Excell, Jon. "The rise of additive manufacturing" (http://www.theengineer.co.uk/indepth/thebigstory/theriseofadditivemanufacturing/1002560.article).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printinghttp://3dprintingindustry.com/3d-printing-

basics-free-beginners-guide/technology/"3D Printing: What You Need to Know"

(http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow_viewer/0,3253,l=293816&a=289174&po=1,00.asp).