22982169 apostila de ingles instrumental

7/29/2019 22982169 Apostila de Ingles Instrumental

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GREETINGS

good morning

good afternoon

good evening / night

good bye

thank you

please

excuse me

yes

no

very well

I

and

but

if

slowly

(I) understand

see you soon

my name is

to speak

to go

Do you speak?

I'm sorry

See you soon/tomorrow

Great to see you

TEMPOS VERBAIS

No se preocupe em conhecer o inventrio completo de tempos verbais, tempos

que raramente ocorrem em linguagem comum e os quais voc provavelmente

saber interpretar quando com eles se defrontar. Voc assimila diferentes tempos

verbais em contato com a lngua e no atravs de esforo intelectual sobre uma

apresentao esquemtica. No entanto, abaixo esto os tempos verbais mais

utilizados na lngua inglesa.

SIMPLE PRESENT - Are you a student? Do you speak English?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - Are you working now?

SIMPLE PAST - Were you busy yesterday? Did you work?

PAST CONTINUOUS - Was it raining yesterday when you arrived?GOING TO FUTURE - Are you going to work tomorrow?

FUTURE - Will you be able to help me?

FUTURE CONTINUOUS - I will be still working tomorrow, by the time you

arrive.


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CONDITIONAL - Would you like to have some coffee?

HABITUAL PAST - We used to go to the beach when I was a kid.

SIMPLE PERFECT - Have you ever been to Germany?

PAST PERFECT - You would have passed the exams if you had studied more.

SIMPLE FERFECT CONTINUOUS - I have been playing a lot of tennis recently.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS - I had been working really hard by the time I waspromoted.

VERB TO BE ( simple present)

I AM I'M

YOU ARE YOU'RE

HE IS HE'S

SHE IS SHE'S

IT IS IT'S

WE ARE WE'RE

YOU ARE YOU'RE

THEY ARE THEY'RE

Exercises: Monte um dilogo utilizando as expresses acima e outras de sua

escolha, como abaixo.

STUDY THIS CONVERSATION

Maria: Hello, good afternoon! My name is Maria.

What is your name?

Luiz: Hello Maria! My name is Luiz. How are you?

Maria: Very well, thank you. Do you speak English?

Luiz: Not very well, I'm sorry. But I understand if you speak slowly.

Luiz: Where are you from?Maria: I am a Brazilian.

And you?

Luiz: I am Portuguese.

Maria: Excuse me, but I have to go. Nice to meet you, Luiz.

Luiz: It is my pleasure.


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Maria: Goodbye Luiz, see you soon.

Luiz: Goodbye Maria

ADDRESSING PEOPLE

Sir & Madam: You use when you don't know the name of the

person you are addressing..Mr.: Is used before a man's name.

Mrs. & Miss.: Are used before a marriage and a single woman,

respectively.

Ms.: Is used in replacement for Miss AND Mrs. It has been created more

recently, as a result of the feminism in the 60's.

DEMONSTRATIVES

THIS ( THESE ) - usado para pessoa, animal ou objeto que est perto.

THAT ( THOSE ) - usado para pessoa, animal ou objeto que est longe.

TEXT

INTRODUCING A FRIEND

Margareth: Fred, this is Mr. Sampson.

He is my father.

That is Mrs. Sampson.

She is my mother.

Father, this is Fred, my boyfriend.

Mr. Sampson: Hello Fred! Welcome to my house.

Fred: Thank you very much. I am so glad to meet you.

Exercises: Siga o modelo e monte um pequeno texto utilizando os demonstrativos.

ARTICLES ( ARTIGO DEFINIDO E INDEFINIDO)

Em ingls s h uma forma para o artigo definido: the, que corresponde a o,

a, os, as.

Ex.:


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The concept of green tourism is linked to the sustainable development.

The tourism agency is closed.

The Brazilian beaches are the most beautiful in the world.

The children are difficult to guide in a track.

a (an) corresponde ao nosso artigo indefinido um, uma.Ex.:

The ecotourism is a good alternative to protect the nature.

We have an urgency to protect the nature.

Exercises: Forme algumas frases utilizando os artigos definidos e

indefinidos.

PRONOMES PESSOAIS (I/ME), REFLEXIVOS (MYSELF) E POSSESSIVOS

(MY/MINE)

As frases abaixo contm inventrio completo de pronomes do ingls, em todas

as ocorrncias gramaticais possveis.

A friend of mine told me that I should protect myself and not keep this

money with me in my pocket, even though the money isn't mine.

A friend of yours told you that you should protect yourself and not keep

this money with you in your pocket, even though the money isn't yours.

A friend of yours told you that you should protect yourselves and not keep

this money with you in your pocket, even though the money isn't yours.

A friend of his told him that he should protect himself and not keep this

money with him in his pocket, even though the money isn't his.

A friend of hers told her that she should protect herself and not keep this

money with her in her pocket, even though the money isn't hers.A friend of ours told us that we should protect ourselves and not keep this

money with us in our pocket, even though the money isn't ours.

A friend of theirs told them that they should protect themselves and not

keep this money with them in their pocket, even though the money isn't

theirs.


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Ou se voc preferir uma frase mais simples, mas ainda abrangendo as 3

principais formas pronominais (pronome-sujeito, pronome-objeto, e possessivo):

I have my books with me.

You have your books with you.

He has his books with him.She has her books with her.

We have our books with us.

They have their books with them.

Exercises: Siga o modelo acima e forme frases com as 3 principais formas

pronominais.

PRONUNCIATION

Ter boa entonao e pronuncia fundamental para se fazer entender na lngua

inglesa. Procure treinar bastante pronuncias diferentes. Uma boa dica assistir a

filmes e ouvir msica de preferncia acompanhando a letra.

Abaixo um exerccio de pronuncia da lngua inglesa que voc pode utilizar.

better, butter, city, water, writer, matter, automatic, category, demonstrated.

quarter, order e porter.

Internet, Pentagon, Pontiac, twenty, plenty.

VERB TO HAVE

SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST

I HAVE I HADYOU HAVE YOU HAD

HE HAS HE HAD

SHE HAS SHE HAD

IT HAS IT HAD

WE HAVE WE HAD


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YOU HAVE YOU HAD

THEY HAVE THEY HAD

Exercises: Forme frases utilizando o verbo to have nos dois tempos verbais.

NUMBERS1- ONE 11- 21- 31- 50-

1000-

2- TWO 12- 22- 32- 60-

1035-

3- THREE 13- 23- 33- 70-

1090-

4- FOUR 14- 24- 34- 80-

2000-

5- FIVE 15- 25- 35- 90-

2006-

6- SIX 16- 26- 36- 100-

3000-

7- SEVEN 17- 27- 37- 200-

3355-

8- EIGHT 18- 28- 38- 500-

4000-

9- NINE 19- 29- 39- 550-

5000-

10- TEN 20- 30- 40- 999-

10.000-

Exercises: Forme frases em que aparea o ano de datas importantes para vocou para a histria.

WHAT TIME IS IT?

Para dizer a hora exata em ingls utilizamos a expresso O'CLOCK.

EX. IT'S TEN O'CLOCK NOW


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No entanto, existem maneiras diferentes de dizer as horas e os minutos:

IT'S FIFTEEN PAST SEVEN.

IT'S A QUARTER PAST SEVEN.

IT'S SEVEN FIFTEEN.

Ou ainda:

IT'S A HALF PAST TEN.

IT'S A QUARTER TO ELEVEN.

IT'S FIFTEEN TO ELEVEN.

TEXT

The bus arrived just in time at the hotel, about ten past three.

When we went to the lake was about four o'clock, we arrived there when the sun

was shining. There was a boat waiting us and we were very exciting to see the lots

of species of fish. We dove at nine fifteen and came to the surface about ten.

Exercises: Redija um pequeno texto descrevendo todo o seu dia (que hora voc

acorda, almoa...)

VERB CANTrata-se de um verbo modal utilizado para falar de habilidades que temos

(fsicas ou intelectuais). Bastante utilizado na lngua inglesa um verbo chave

para muitas expresses idiomticas.

Em ingls, verbos auxiliares modais so verbos que s ocorrem na presena de

outro verbo, so defectivos na conjugao e no tm passado nem futuro (com

exceo do can que tem passado e condicional).

Devido alta freqncia com que ocorrem na lngua, os verbos modais tornam-seimprescindveis.

TEXT

Yes, Im a crazy guy.

If they have three cars, I can fly.


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If they are beautiful, I can be more.

If they pray too much, I can be in heaven.

If they know the truth, I can say Its a lie.

And if they can say that Im crazy

I can say, much more crazy is who says me

That I cant be happy.

Exercises: Forme frases com o verbo can em diferentes formas verbais.

VOCABULARY

Em ingls a palavra hotel refere-se como em portugus a um lugar em que

as pessoas se hospedam em frias com a famlia, final de semana etc. Hostel

refere-se a hospedagem para estudantes, so como as penses para estudantes

no Brasil. Motel em ingls refere-se a lugares em que as pessoas de passagem

se hospedam para passar a noite, so dormitrios de estrada.

-Manager -Gerente

-Doorman -Porteiro

-Chambermaid(room maid) -Camareira

-Receptionist -desk clerk -Recepcionista

-Telephone operator -Telefonista

-Elevator -Ascensorista

-Bell boy -Mensageiro

-Bell captain -Chefe dos mensageiros

Taxi

-Where can I get a taxi?

There is a taxi stand at the door.-Taxi,taxi.

Where to?

-Take me to the ___ hotel, please.

Here we are,sir(lady).

-How much is it?


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It's two.

-Thanks

QUESTIONS YOU MAY HEAR

-Where do you want to go?

-How many are you?-Do you have any baggage?

-Where to?

In a hotel

-May I leave this in your safe?

-What time are meals served?

-Will you have our bags brought up?

-May I have my key?

-Do I keep the key or turn it in when I go out?

REQUESTS (PEDIDOS)

-Call me at______in the morning.

-May I have my key?

an ashtray?

an extra towel?

an extra pillow?

some soap?

some stationery?

some hangers?

some ice?

-Send the boy| up, please.

mail up,please.breakfast up,please.

visitor up,please.

-I'd like room service.

-I want something to eat.

-I want something to drink.


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COMPLAINS (RECLAMAES)

-There is no towel in my room.

soap in my room.

toilet paper in my room.

air-conditioner in my room.light in my room.

-The T.V.doesn't work.

ASKING FOR INFORMATION

-Where is the lounge?

cocktail bar(bar)?

restaurant?

barber shop?

beauty shop?

taxi stand?

dry cleaners?

men's room?

ladie's room?

newstand?

nearest drugstore?

nearest post office?

-Can you recommend a good inexpensive

a good Italian restaurant?

Chinese restaurant?

Mexican restaurant?

telephone calls for me?

letters for me?change this bill for me?

mail this letter for me?

call a taxi for me?

Exercises: Monte um dilogo descrevendo situaes especificas. Ex. A chegada


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de um hospede em um hotel, atendimento a um turista que pede informaro, um

cliente fazendo pedido em um restaurante, etc.

DAYS OF THE WEEK

Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday

I don't care if Monday's blue

Tuesday's grey and Wednesday too

Thursday I don't care about you

Its Friday I'm in love

Saturday wait

And Sunday always comes too late

But Friday never hesitate...

By: The Cure

MONTHS OF THE YEAR

January April July October

February May August November

March June September December

September 11, 2001 - the day the world changed

Was in a Tuesday, when the first plane crashed in one of the towers.

We thought it was just an accident, minutes after, the second plane crossing the

sky crashing in the second tower of the world trade center.

Exercises: Escreva um texto ou forme frases em que apaream os meses do ano.

SEASONSSpring, Summer, Autumn/Fall, Winter.

When the winter is coming here the leaves begin to fall from the trees. This is the

autumn, my favorite season. Suddenly the cold starts to leaving and the spring

come with all the colors but the rain here, in cerrado, is only on summer.


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Exercises: Forme frases ou escreva um texto utilizando as estaes do ano.

VERBOS REGULARES O USO DO (S) NA 3 PESSOA

Geralmente os verbos no presente do indicativo recebem um (s) na 3 pessoa do

singular (he loves, she works). Mas note-se o seguinte: Os verbos que terminamem s, sh, ch, o, x recebem es. Os que terminam em y precedido de vogal,

recebem apenas s. Os que terminam em y precedido de consoante mudam o y por

ies.

Lazy, lazy Jane

She wants a drink of water, so she waits and waits and waits for it to rain.

Jane sleeps well when the rain falls.

Jane dances like crazy when the music is over.

Exercises: Escreva um texto ou forme frases utilizando o singular na terceira

pessoa.

IRREGULAR VERBS (VERBOS IRREGULARES)

Embora os verbos irregulares se constituam numa pequena minoria em relao a

todos os verbos existentes na lngua, a freqncia com que ocorrem muito alta,

o que lhes d uma importncia significativa.

So todos de origem anglo-saxnica e predominantemente se referem a aes

comuns.

Os verbos irregulares do ingls so aqueles que no seguem uma regra geral de

formao do passado e do particpio passado. A formao do past e do past

participle, de acordo co a regra geral, que se aplica a todos os demais verbos, se

d atravs do sufixo ed. Portanto, todo verbo que no seguir esse padro, serclassificado de irregular.

Ex. They took off the trees from here.

Took a forma do verbo take no passado.


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Na frase: the miners have taken off the trees from the rainforest.

O verbo take aparece na forma do past participle.

Exercises: utilize os verbos irregulares para formar frases no passado.

LISTA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES

TO BE WAS/WERE BEEN

TO BEAT BEAT BEAT

TO BECOME BECAME BECOME

TO BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN

TO BREAK BROKE BROKEN

TO BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT

TO BUILD BUILT BUILT

TO BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT

TO CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT

TO CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN

TO COME CAME COME

TO COST COST COST

TO CUT CUT CUT

TO DIVE DOVE DIVED

TO DO DID DONE

TO DRAW DREW DRAWN

TO DRINK DRANK DRUNK

TO EAT ATE EATEN

TO FALL FELL FALLEN

TO FEEL FELT FELTTO FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT

TO FIND FOUND FOUND

TO FLY FLEW FLOWN

TO FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN

TO FREEZE FROZE FROZEN


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TO GET GOT GOTTEN

TO GIVE GAVE GIVEN

TO GO WENT GONE

TO GROW GREW GROWN

TO HAVE HAD HAD

TO HEAR HEARD HEARDTO HIDE HID HIDDEN

TO HIT HIT HIT

TO HOLD HELD HELD

TO HURT HURT HURT

TO KEEP KEPT KEPT

TO KNOW KNEW KNOWN

TO LEAVE LEFT LEFT

TO LEND LENT LENT

TO LET LET LET

TO LIE LAY LAID

TO LOSE LOST LOST

TO MAKE MADE MADE

TO MEAN MEANT MEANT

TO MEET MET MET

TO PAY PAID PAID

TO PUT PUT PUT

TO READ READ READ

TO RIDE RODE RIDDEN

TO RING RANG RUNG

TO RISE ROSE RISEN

TO RUN RAN RUN

TO SAY SAID SAIDTO SEE SAW SEEN

TO SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT

TO SELL SOLD SOLD

TO SEND SENT SENT

TO SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN


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TO SHOW SHOWED SHOWN

TO SHUT SHUT SHUT

TO SING SANG SUNG

TO SIT SAT SAT

TO SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT

TO SPEAK SPOKE SPOKENTO SPELL SPELT SPELT

TO SPEND SPENT SPENT

TO STAND STOOD STOOD

TO STEAL STOLE STOLEN

TO SWIM SWAM SWUM

TO TAKE TOOK TAKEN

TO TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT

TO TELL TOLD TOLD

TO THINK THOUGHT THOUGHT

TO THROW THREW THROWN

TO WEAR WORE WORN

TO WIN WON WON

TO WRITE WROTE WRITTEN

GLOSSARYAacompained baggage bagagem que transportada na mesma aeronave que opassageiro.

AMTRAK nome pelo qual conhecido a maior empresa norte-americana detrens, National Railroad Passenger Corporation.

Arunk abreviatura de arrival unknown (chegada desconhecida)

Baby boomer pessoa nascida entre o perodo de 1946 e 1964. Para a industria

do turismo pblico de grande poder econmico.

To backpack mochilar, viajar de mochila, hospedando-se em albergues e emacomodaes baratas.

Bed & breakfast acomodao com caf da manh. Pousadas

Big apple nome pelo qual conhecida a cidade de Nova Iorque.


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To bump impedir um hospede de se hospedar em um hotel ou de um passageirode embarcar em um vo por motivo de overbooking na maioria das vezes.

Carrier empresa area.

Carrying capacity capacidade de carga: quantidade de pessoas que um atrativopode receber.

Catering termo usado para se referir genericamente a alimentos e bebidas.

Charter aluguel de aeronave, nibus ou embarcao martima.

Cruise cruzeiro martimo.

Currency moeda corrente

Customs alfndega.

Deadhead ausncia de passageiros em um vo ou trem.

DINKS Doble Income No Kids, casais que no tem filhos.

Discretionary income renda que sobra do oramento de um individuo.

Discretionary time tempo livre.

Ecotourism ecoturismo.

Environment meio ambiente.

Facilities instalaes.

Go-show passageiro sem reserva que aparece para embarcar.

Guest hspede, visitante.

Hospitality industry segmento da industria de turismo que engloba os setores deacomodaes e de alimentos e bebidas.

Host anfitrio.

Hostel albergue.

Jet leg serie de disturbios fisiolgicos que um passageiro pede apresentar emvo.

Leisure lazer.


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Motel hospedagem de beira de estrada.

No-show passageiro ou hospede com reserva que no aparece.

NGO abreviatura de Non-Governmental-Organization.

NTO National Tourism Organization.

Overbooking venda de passagens alm da capacidade de assentos.

Package pacote turstico.

Party grupo de turistas que juntos visitam um atrativo.

Pink dollar dinheiro do pblico homossexual.

Round trip viagem de ida e volta.

Stand-by mesmo que Go-show.

Tour operator agencia de viagem e turismo.

WTO World Tourism Organization

WTTC World Travel & Tourism Council.

IGLTA Internatinal Gay & Lesbian Travel Association.

22982169 apostila de ingles instrumental

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