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Organized by

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Dept. of Home Science, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati

Theme:

“Current Trends in Food Security to meet National Nutritional Challenges”

November 16-17, 2012

Programme, Proceedings and Abstracts

Venue: SRINIVASA AUDITORIUM,

Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh

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WELCOME

It is a pleasant privilege for the Nutrition Society of India, Tirupati Chapter to

welcome you all to the 44th Annual National Conference of the Nutrition Society of India

2012. Nutrition Society of India popularly called as the NSI, is the largest and also the

oldest society of India established for the cause of holistic human nutrition with more than

500 members spread all over the country. Dr. C. Gopalan who has been well known and

recognized as the Father of Nutrition in India is the Founder President of this society. The

NSI holds annual conferences at the national level and this year the Tirupati chapter of

NSI has been chosen rightly to host this unique event during November 16-17, 2012,

preceded by the pre-Conference Workshop for students and faculty on November 15,

2012.

The theme of the conference “Current Trends in Food Security to meet National

Nutritional Challenges” has been conceptualized to focus on the growing challenges of

food and nutritional insecurity and to address the poor, hungry and malnourished people

all over the world and to find practical solutions for global food security. As part of the

conference, two symposia have been scheduled viz., 1. Functional Foods and Health

Benefits 2. Traditional and Novel Technologies for Nutritional Security.

Functional foods are those which are nutritionally enriched through processing and

fortification to supply sufficient amounts of physiologically functional compounds with

proven health benefits. In recent years, there has been a growing interest to study and

search for compounds with bio-active molecules present in foods, whose role is vital to

reduce and prevent chronic degenerative diseases. With this back drop the scientific

deliberations on the nature and chemistry of functional principles of the foods would be

focused in the symposia. Food technology has been recognized as the application of food

science to process preserve and pack safe, healthy, nutritious and whole some food to all

citizens of the world at affordable level. Traditional and Novel technologies are in vogue at

domestic and industrial levels. The symposium is also focusing on traditional and novel

food technologies.

This year, Prof. Reynaldo Martorell, Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory

University, USA would deliver the 36th Dr. C. Gopalan Oration on “The First 1000 Days

and Human Development : Implications for India”. The 24th Sri Kantia Memorial Lecture

would be delivered by Dr. B. S. Rama Krishna, Adjunct Professor, Yale University, USA

on “Gut Microbiota : Roles in Nutrition and Perturbations in Disease”. Prof. Vijayakhader

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would deliver the 3rd Rajammal P. Devadas Memorial Lecture on “Impact of Economic

Empowerment of Women on Health Security Lessons from Studies in South India”.

The NSI provides a platform for young scientists to present their research findings and contributions. In this context, as the NSI tradition goes, the Senior/Junior Award communications and Poster Sessions would provide scope for scientific exchange on food and nutrition problems and perspectives. This year two pre-Conference workshops have been planned for students and faculty viz., 1. “Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) and Diet Planning”, 2. “Food Safety and Standards-Current Regulations” respectively.

We fondly hope that this conference would serve as a unique platform for students, nutrition scientists, medical professionals, food industrialists and policy makers for productive interaction in the domain of Food Science and Nutrition to improve and sustain quality nutrition and health of humans.

We look forward to the creative and constructive deliberations during the conference.

With best wishes to all.

Prof. D. L. Kusuma Dr. K. V. Sucharitha Convener, Organizing Secretary NSI Tirupati Chapter 44th Annual National Conference, NSI

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NUTRITION SOCIETY OF INDIA

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

OFFICE BEARERS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS President : Dr. Anura V Kurpad 1. Dr. Bharathi Kulkarni Vice-Presidents : Dr. B. Sesikeran 2. Dr. G. M. Subba Rao : Dr. Kanta K Sharma 3. Dr. C. Anjali Devi Past-President : Dr. V. Prakash 4. Dr. Jamuna Prakash Founder-President : Dr. C.Gopalan 5. Dr. Sunita Malhotra Secretary : Prof. Rajoo Singh Chhina 6. Dr. H. Prathap Kumar Shetty Joint Secretary : Dr. R. Hemalatha 7. Dr. Kasturi Sen Ray Treasurer : Dr. A. Laxmaiah 8. Dr. Jagmeet Madan Ex-Officio : Director, NIN, Hyderabad 9. Dr. S. Premakumari 10. Dr. Mohammad Athar Ansari 11. Dr. Kumud Khanna 12. Dr. A. G. Appu Rao 13. Dr. Basanthi Barooha

CONVENORS OF CHAPTERS Ajmer : Dr. (Ms.). G.K. Kalsi Jodhpur : Dr. Ram Gopal Bangalore : Dr. Anura V Kurpad Kolkata : Dr. Sunit Mukherjee Baroda : Prof. Uma Iyer Lucknow : Dr. V. K. Srivastava Bhagalpur : Dr. Faruque Ali Ludhiana : Dr Rajbir Sachdeva Bhopal : Dr. Archana Mishra Madurai : Dr. P. Bhanumathi Bhubaneswar : Dr. Gandham Bullayya Marathwada : Dr. Rohini Devi Calicut : Dr. M.V.I. Mammi Mumbai : Dr. Kasturi Sen Rey Chandigarh : Dr. S.V. Rana Mysore : Dr.Jamuna Prakash Chennai : Dr.Varsha Nagpur : Ms. A. N. Radha Cochin : Smt.Betty Rani Issac Niligiris : Dr. K. R. Mani Coimbatore : Dr. S. Kowsalya Pondicherry : Dr.Josephine Nirmala Many Delhi : Dr. Prema Ramachandran Pune : Dr. Shobha Rao Dharwad : Dr. Rama Naik Rohtak : Dr. Harbans Lal Dibrugarh : Dr. J. Mahanta Srinagar : Dr. Abdul Rauf Gulbarga : Dr. Sheela Sidharam Tirupati : Dr. D.L.Kusuma Hisar : Dr. Salil Sehgal Thiruvananthapuram: Dr.L.Vijayalekshmi Indore : Dr. Vandana Bharati Udaipur : Dr. Maya Choudhary Jhansi : Ms. Shalini Arora Varanasi : Dr. D. K. Agarwal

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ORGANISING COMMITTEE

Chair person : Dr. Anura V Kurpad

Vice-Chairperson : Dr. Kanta K Sharma

Organizing Secretary : Dr. K. V. Sucharitha

Members : Prof.D.L Kusuma Prof.R.Varalakshmi Prof.A.Jyothi

LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITEE

Advisory Board : Prof. D. Peramma Prof. K. Vijaya Lakshmi Prof. D.V.R. Sai Gopal

Prof. K. Thyagaraju Prof. O. Md. Hussain

Editorial Board : Prof. K. Srinivasa Reddy Prof. Sujatha Ramamurthy Prof. K. Chandralekha

Prof. P. Baby Devaki

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COMMITTEES

Finance Committee: Prof. D.L. Kusuma Convenor Prof. R. Varalakshmi Co-Convenor Prof. K. Srinivasa Reddy Dr. K. Anuradha Dr. N. Rajani Dr. K.V. Sucharitha

Souvenir / Publication: Prof. K. Srinivasa Reddy Convenor Dr. K.V. Sucharitha Co-Convenor Dr. K. Venkata Subbaiah Ms. A. M. Beulah K. Krishnaiah K. Ravi Kiran

Scientific Programme: Prof. A. Jyothi Convenor Dr. K.V. Sucharitha Co-Convenor Ms. M. Uma Rani, Ms. D. Madhavi P. Sai Navya T. Madhu Latha K. Lalitha V. Vijaya Lakshmi S.A. Shaheena Sulthana G. Bhargavi A. Katamma P. Sireesha B. Swaroopa Rani

Registration: Dr. R. K. Anuradha Convenor Dr. L. Anitha Co-Convenor Ms. D. Jhansi Ms. K. Tirumala E. Prathibha Bharathi K. Sudarshana P. Neelima K.R. Suryakala Monica Yadav N. Indira B. Swapnika S. Bhagyalakshmi Pavani

Accommodation and Transportation: Dr. K. Anuradha Convenor Ms. D. Vandana Co-Convenor Dr. Y. Subba Rao Mr. S. Chenna Kesava Reddy Ms. G. Vani Prashanthi B. Pavan Kumar A. Naga Praveen Goud B. Suresh A. Abhinav M. Gopi A. Gopi Krishna G. Surendra B. Nagendra P. Naresh

Poster & Award Sessions: Dr. K. Manjula Convenor Ms. V. Bindu Co-Convenor Ms. R. Bharathi, Ms. M. Sowjanya Y.B. Bhagath B. Revathi D. Sujitha G. Kavya C. Lavanya T. Lavanya K. Nagaraju R. Nankubai P. Rekha B. Kamalamma

Invitations: Prof. D. Peramma Convenor Prof. T. Kalyani Devi Co-Convenor Mr. P. Rangaiah R. Saranya P. Gayathri T. Poornima B. Veenela G. Rajesh G. Rajendra G. Prakash G. Lavanya M. Devi

Programme, Back Stage Arrangement, Reception: Prof. V. Sreedevi Convenor Prof. D.L. Kusuma Co-Convenor Ms. P. Suneetha Ms. P. Parveen C. Madhura Prashanthi V. Padmaja G. Jayanthi D. Mounika B. Kamala T. Kesava Narayana T. Ashok Kumar

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P. Anjali P. Prathima

Y. Deepthi B. Swapna B. Nazeeni K. Obulamma

Exhibition: Prof. R. Varalakshmi Convenor Ms. C. Rajashri Co-Convenor Mr. P. Vinod Kumar P. Sreenivasulu A. Raveendra R. Bhanu Chandra T. Venkatesh A. Swapna G. Roja G. Sowjanya Kumari

Audio Visual & Internet: Dr. M. Aruna Convenor Ms. V. Lakshmi Co-Convenor Ms. P. Neeraja D. Thulasiram E. Hemanth Kumar B. Keerthi M. Suvarna M. Venkataratnamani P. Hemavathi

Hospitality: Prof. D. Sarada Convenor Dr. K. Latha Co-Convenor R. Hemalatha N. Sreejaya V. Prathiba CH. Vasundhara Y. Radhika A. Neelima V. Anusha S. Seetha Lakshmi A. Dhana Lakshmi R. Faija V. Bhargavi G. Asha C. Kavitha G. Mallika

Tours & Travels: Dr. K. Vijaya Lakshmi Convenor Ms. V. Kishori Co-Convenor Mr. G. Sudhakar M. Kiran kumar M. Venkatesh M.D. Baba malik P. Sivramakrishna V. Manjunath B. Shanthi K. Chandrika P. Rupasri K. Deepa

Cultural Programme: Dr. K. M. Bhanu Convenor Dr. Jacinta Co-Convenor Ms. V. Prasanthi K, Sudharani G. Venkat Rao R. Ramana Naik K. Prasanna lakshmi K. Hemavathi P. Hemavathi T. Nagamani

Press & Public: Dr. S. Vijaya Jyothi Convenor Prof. A. Kusuma Co-Convenor Mr. C. Harsha Vardhan N. Tulasiram D. Anil Kumar P. Janaki ram M. Koteswara Rao

SECRETARIAT: S. Reddy Prasad Dileep Jyothiraj Guna Sekhar V. Niranjan

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PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

Nutrition and Biology in Public Health

A. V. Kurpad President, Nutrition Society of India, India

Professor of Physiology St John’s Medical College, Bangalore

As I take over from the past President Dr V Prakash, I am grateful to him for the inspiring work he has done in leading this Society, but also humbled and reminded that I have large shoes to fill. The history of past Presidents of the Nutrition Society of India is replete with greatness, and we will stand on their shoulders to face challenges that are both old and new.

As we progress in this millennium, there have been many changes in India that will impact the state of nutrition in this country. From the debate on GM foods, to the fiercely debated entry of international supermarkets in India, to inflationary pressures on food spends within families, to the effect of cash transfers and subsidies on nutritional and food security, to the vagaries of climate change and migration – these are all issues that are embedded in nutrition. These are also a fraction of the many issues that we in the Nutrition Society of India must research, debate and discuss to recommend corrective strategies. If the famines of old were the major gripping issues in the past, we have stepped into a new era where food insecurity still persists, but the disease burden linked to affluence shows an astonishing increase. Is this simply a phase in transition that will simply pass by, or is it our responsibility to grapple with these problems and find our own solutions? Surely the latter. To engage with these and other problems, we need a deep understanding of nutritional biology and a keen sense of public health. Other disciplines like economics, agriculture and sociology are also inextricably intertwined. Nutrition sits at the crossroads of all these disciplines: we must ensure that this siting of nutrition is one of confidence and effective leadership.

The dietary habits of rural India and the poor in India are critical to understand. These are the majority and the most in need. The role of the National Nutritional Monitoring Bureau has been stellar in this respect and it needs to be strengthened to cover more areas of India. Its in-depth data are very valuable and may inform other findings. For example, it has been recently reported that rural Indians are spending more on animal protein products such as milk, eggs and meat due to their rising income. The same report goes on to state that while the increase in overall spending by Indians on protein foods had doubled to Rs 2 lakh crore in the 5 years between 2009-10 and 2004-05, the majority,

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or two-thirds of this spending, came from rural households. This appears counterintuitive to our understanding of urban versus rural food spends on food, and may be to the good; the concern however, is always about how to manage these demands without inflationary pressures, while at the same time ensuring that this increased spend is also not driving weight gain in previously thin people. This can happen by injudicious domestic allocations towards food simply due to a lack of knowledge about healthy food. In consequence, we are already facing the dual burden of disease risk. What all this means effectively, is that nutrition, biology and public health have to inevitably work together with the supply side, which includes agriculture and farm productivity, while increasing the effectiveness of nutrition education.

New science has defined the important role of the first 1000 days of life in lifelong and intergenerational health. Low birth weight rates in India are still high, despite gains in economic growth rate. This is a fundamental problem, which links to the unacceptably high rates of stunting in later life. However, science has a way of focusing its lens where the data are the richest; sometimes this may lead us to believe that problems can addressed through this focussed approach. Yet we are ever reminded by nature about the complexities involved. A broad approach that seeks to address the appropriate care of infants and children, through to their adolescence, adulthood and old age, is no less important. Equally, a broad approach that looks for solutions within foods rather than single nutrient approaches, and within existing wisdom and culture, will inevitably be the more successful from both a biological and societal point of view, in the long term.

Extension activities and education are also critical to translation of science. The development of the new RDA and dietary guidelines by NIN is a great progression in this regard. The messages within these are sensible, rooted in good nutritional science and discovery, yet respectful of culture and the burden of poverty. These messages need to be carried forward to the general public by us in the Nutrition Society.

I look forward to working with all of you. I ask for your help to join hands and work towards a goal of health and wellness for all.

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Messages

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CONTENTS

Pages(s)

SCIENTIFIC AGENDA

Pre-Conference Workshops - 1 - 3

44th National Conference - 4 - 8

36th Gopalan Oration - 9 - 12 The First 1000 Days and Human Development: - 13 - 14 Implications for India Reynaldo Martorell 24th Srikantja Memorial Lecture - 15 - 18 Gut Microbiota: Roles in Nutrition and Perturbations in Disease - 19 - 21 B.S. Ramakrishna 3rd Rajammal P Devadas Memorial Lecture - 22 - 24 Impact Of Economic Empowerment Of Women On Health - 25 - 33 Security - Lessons From Studies In South India and Kenya Vijaya Khader ABSTRACTS SYMPOSIUM ON “FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND HEALTH” Functional Foods Applications through Life Span - 34 - 36 Kalpagam Polasa Functional Foods of Importance in the Management - 37 of Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy – Biochemical Study in Relation to GBM Constituents Paramahans V. Salimath, Biotechnologies in Functional Food Products: Science, - 38 Safety and Regulations Vibha Ahuja SYMPOSIUM ON “TRADITIONAL AND NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES FOR NUTRITIONAL SECURITY” Safe Storage of Food Grains and Preservation to Meet Food Security- 39 - 41 Ramesh V Bhat and S. Vasanthi, M

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Radiation Preservation of Food & Nutritional Security. - 41 - 44 A.K. Sharma Application of Nanotechnology for Food Safety and - 45 - 50 Quality Assessment M.S. Thakur The Nutritional and Functional Qualities of Different - 50 Ritualistic Food Preparations Offered to Deities on Different Indian Festivals and Rituals Rani Sadasiva Murty YOUNG SCIENTISTS’ AWARDS – I - 51 - 52 Senior Award – Community Nutrition - 53 - 54 Junior Award – Community Nutrition - 55 - 62 YOUNG SCIENTISTS’ AWARDS – II - 63 - 64 Senior Award – Experimental Nutrition - 65 - 66 Junior Award – Experimental Nutrition - 67 - 72 FREE COMMUNICATIONS ORAL PRESENTATIONS: Community Nutrition - 73 - 91 Clinical Nutrition - 92 - 98 Experimental Nutrition - 99 - 115 Food Science - 116 - 131 POSTER PRESENTATIONS: Community Nutrition - 132 - 173 Clinical Nutrition - 174 - 186 Experimental Nutrition - 187 - 199 Food Science - 200 - 223 Food Science and Industry Symbiosis - 224 - 228 FIRST AUTHOR INDEX

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PRE CONFERENCE WORKSHOPS ON

RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES AND DIET PLANNING - I AND

FOOD SAFETY AND STANDARDS - CURRENT REGULATIONS - II

Thursday, 15th November 2012

PROGRAMME

8.00 to 9.00 am Registration

9.00 to 10.00am Inauguration

Welcome Prof. R. Varalakshmi, Secretary, NSI Tirupati Chapter

About the Workshops Workshop- I

Prof. D. L. Kusuma, Convenor, NSI Tirupati Chapter

Workshop-II Dr. K.V. Sucharitha, Organizing Secretary, NSI Tirupati Chapter

Inaugural Address Prof. M.A.K. Sukumar, Rector, S.V. University, Tirupati

Vote of thanks Dr. K. Manjula, Dept. of Home Science, SVU

10.00 to 10.30 am High Tea Keynote Address:

10.30 to 11.15 am Workshop-I: Dr. B. Sivakumar,

Former Director, NIN, Hyderabad

Venue: Srinivasa Auditorium 10.30 to 11.15 am Workshop-2: Dr. S.S. Ghonkrokta,

Director, FSSAI, New Delhi Venue: Senate Hall

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WORKSHOP – I

RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES AND DIET PLANNING

Venue: Srinivasa Auditorium

THEORY SESSION

Time Programme Faculty

10.30 to 11.15 am The Historical Perspective and general principles involved in deriving RDA’s

Dr. B. Siva Kumar

11.15 to 12 noon RDA of Iron for Indians – A case Study of deriving RDA’s for micronutrients

Dr. K. P. Madhavan Nair

12 .00 to 12.30 pm Production, Management and use of Nutrient Composition Databases

Dr. K. Bhaskarachary

12.30 to 1.00pm Nutrient Composition and Food Grouping Systems

Prof. D.L. Kusuma

1.00 to 1.30 pm Diet Planning Guides and Food Exchange Lists – Menu Planning

Prof. A. Jyothi

1.30 to 2.30 pm Lunch 2.30 to 3.00 pm Planning Therapeutic Diets for

Individuals in Health Care Institutions

Dr. M. V. Mahendri

PARTICIPATORY PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES IN DIET PLANNING

(to be conducted in batches)

Time Programme Faculty

3.00 pm to 3.30 pm Calculation of Energy Expenditures

3.30 pm to 4.00pm Calculation of BMI

4.00 pm to 4.30 pm Menu planning using Food Exchanges

Dr. K. Manjula

Faculty Members:

Ms. R. Bharathi Ms. D. Madhavi Ms. P. Parveen Ms. M. Sowjanya

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WORKSHOP – II

FOOD SAFETY AND STANDARDS - CURRENT REGULATIONS

Venue: Senate Hall, SVU Administrative Building

Time Programme Faculty

10.30 to 11.15 am Current Food Regulations in India – Challenges in Implementations

Dr. S.S. Ghonkrokta

11.15 to 12.00 noon Understanding the Context of new Food Safety Regulations

Dr. V. Sudarshan Rao

12.00 to 12.45 pm Dietary Supplements: Issues and Guidelines for Framing Regulations

Prof. Jamuna Prakash

12.45 to 1.30pm Food Safety Management Systems Mr. PN. Reddy

1.30 to 2.30 pm Lunch

2.30 to 3.30 pm Importance of Food Labeling: Relevance for the Indian Consumer

Dr. Bhavana Sharma

PARTICIPATORY PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES

(to be conducted in batches)

Time Programme Faculty

3.30 to 4.30 pm Study of food labels and Management Systems

Dr. K.V. Sucharitha Dr. N. Rajani Ms. V. Bindu Dr.M. Aruna

4.30 to 5.00 pm Tea 5.00 to 6.00 pm Concluding session, Feedback, Clarifications from faculty,

Distribution of certificates

Faculty Members: Mr. S. Chenna Kesava Reddy Ms. A. M. Beulah Mr. Y. B. Bhagath Mr. C. Harsha Vardhan Mr. P. Vinod Kumar

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NUTRITION SOCIETY OF INDIA

44th NATIONAL CONFERENCE

Theme: Current trends in Food Security to meet National Nutritional challenges

PROGRAMME

Friday, 16th November 2012 08.00 am – 09.00 am REGISTRATION 09.00 am – 10.10 am INAUGURATION Welcome Address Prof. D.L Kusuma Convenor, NSI Tirupati,Chapter

Lighting of the inaugural Lamp Prof. W. Rajendra Vice-Chancellor, S.V. University

About the Conference Dr. K.V. Sucharitha Organizing Secretary

Message of the Founder Dr. B. Sesikeran President of NSI, Dr.C.Gopalan Vice-President, NSI

Remarks by Past President Dr. Kamala Krishnaswamy

Presidential Address Dr. Anura V Kurpad

President, NSI

Release of Souvenir and Inaugural Prof. W. Rajendra Address by Chief Guest Vote of Thanks Dr. K.V. Sucharitha 10.10 am – 10.30 am Inauguration of EXPO by Prof. W. Rajendra, Vice-Chancellor, Sri

Venkateswara University, Tirupati

High Tea

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10.30 am – 12.00 noon Symposia I: Functional Foods and Health Chairperson : Dr. Kamala krishnaswamy

Session Coordinator : Dr. Jagmeet Madan Rapporteur : Prof. A. Jyothi Title of Presentation

Speaker

Functional Foods Applications through Life Span

Dr. Mrs. Kalpagam Polasa Director-In-Charge National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad.

Functional Foods of Importance in the Management of Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy-Biochemical Study in relation to GBM Constituents.

Dr. P V Salimath Chief Scientist Dept of Biochemistry & Nutrition CFTRI, Mysore

Biotechnologies in Functional Food Products: Science, Safety and Regulations

Dr. Vibha Ahuja General Manager Biotech Consortium India Limited New Delhi.

12.00 noon – 01.00 pm POSTER SESSION – I (Community Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition,

Experimental Nutrition, Food Science)

Session Coordinators : Dr. K.Manjula Ms. V. Bindu

FREE COMMUNICATIONS SESSION – I (Four Sessions organized concurrently) Community Nutrition:

Chairperson : Prof. K. Chandralekha Co-Chairperson : Dr. S. Kowsalya Rapporteur : V.Prathiba

Clinical Nutrition:

Chairperson : Prof. Sujatha Rammurty Co-Chairperson : Dr. M. Aruna Rapporteur : Ms. D. Madhavi

Experimental Nutrition: Chairperson : Dr. L. Viajaya laxmi Co-Chairperson : Ms. Lalitha Ramaswamy Rapporteur : M. Umarani

Food Science: Chairperson : Prof. P. Baby Devaki Co-Chair Person : Dr. S. Vijaya Jyothi Rapporteur : S. Parveen Begum

Meeting of the 45th Executive Committee will be held concurrently between 12.00 noon to 1.00 pm. Venue : Senate Hall

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01.00 pm – 02.00 pm Lunch 02.00 pm – 04.40 pm YOUNG SCIENTISTS’ AWARDS – SESSION I

(SENIOR & JUNIOR AWARDS IN COMMUNITY NUTRITION)

Chairperson : Dr. G. Subbulaxmi Co- Chairperson : Dr. Sunita Malhotra

Rapporteur : Dr. Sunitha Chandorkar 04.40 pm – 05.00 pm Tea 05.00 pm – 06.00 pm Food Science and Industry Symbiosis 06.00 pm– 06.45 pm ANNUAL GENERAL BODY MEETING 07.00 pm – 08.00 pm THIRTY SIXTH GOPALAN ORATION

“The First 1000 Days and Human Development: Implications for India”

Chairperson : Dr. Anura V Kurpad, President, NSI Welcome & About the Award : Dr. R. Hemalatha, Jt. Secretary, NSI Introducing the Orator & Award : Dr. Anura V Kurpad, President, NSI

of Medal and Certificate Gopalan Oration : Dr. Reynaldo Martorell

on Robert W. Woodruff Professor of

“The First 1000 Days and Human International Nutrition Development: Implications for Hubert Department of Global Health India” Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA. USA 08:00 pm - 09.00 pm Cultural Programmes

09:00 pm Dinner Saturday, 17th November 2012 08.30 am – 10.00 am FREE COMMUNICATIONS – SESSION – II (Four Sessions will be organized concurrently) Community Nutrition: Chairperson : Dr. C. Anjali Devi Co-Chairperson : Dr. M. Aruna Rapporteur : K. Sudha Rani

Clinical Nutrition: Chairperson : Dr. Ram Gopal Co-Chairperson : Dr. P.S Geetha Rapporteur : D. Jhansi

Experimental Nutrition: Chairperson : Dr. Kumud Khanna Co-Chairperson : Dr. K. Vijaya Lakshmi Rapporteur : R. Bharathi

Food Science: Chairperson : Dr. Prathap Kumar Shetty Co-Chairperson : Dr. Premala Priyadarshini Rapporteur : P. Rangaiah

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10.00 am – 11.00 am TWENTYFOURTH SRIKANTIA MEMORIAL LECTURE: Chairperson : Dr. Anura V Kurpad, President, NSI Welcome and About the Award : Dr. Rajoo Singh Chinna, Secretary, NSI Introducing the Speaker : Dr. B. Sesikeran, Vice-President, NSI Award of Medal and Certificate : Dr. Anura V Kurpad

Srikantia Memorial Lecture : Dr. B. S. Ramakrishna on Adjunct Professor of Medicine Yale University “Gut Microbiota : Roles in Nutrition and Perturbations in Disease”

11.00 am – 11.45 am THIRD RAJAMMAL P.DEVADAS MEMORIAL LECTURE

Chairperson : Dr. Anura V Kurpad, President, NSI Welcome & About the Award : Dr.Kanta K Sharma,Vice-President,NSI Introducing the Speaker : Prof. D.L Kusuma

Convenor, NSI Tirupati Chapter Award of Medal and Certificate : Dr. Anura V Kurpad

Rajammal P Devadas Memorial: Prof. (Mrs) Vijaya Khader Lecture “Impact of Economic Former Dean,

Empowerment of Women on Health Archarya N.G. Ranga Agricultural

Security – Lessons from Studies in University, Hyderabad South India and Kenya 11.45 am – 12.45 pm Tea & POSTER SESSION – II (Community Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, Experimental Nutrition, Food Science)

Session Coordinators : Dr. K. Manjula Ms. V. Bindhu 12.45 pm – 01.30 pm Lunch 01.30 pm – 03.50 pm YOUNG SCIENTISTS’ AWARDS – SESSION-II:

SENIOR AND JUNIOR AWARDS IN EXPERIMENTAL NUTRITION Chairpersons : Dr. Kasturisen Ray Session Coordinator : Dr. Alka Mohan Rapporteur : A. Jyothi 03.50 pm – 04.10 pm Tea

04.10 pm – 05.40 pm Symposium II : Traditional and Novel Technologies for Nutritional Security

Chairperson : Prof. D.L. Kusuma Session Coordinator : Dr. S. Prema Kumari Rapporteur : Dr. S. Vijaya Jyothi

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Title of Presentation Speaker

Safe storage of food grains and preservation to meet food security

Dr. Ramesh V. Bhat Dept of Food, Ministry of Health, Govt of Lao PDR

Radiation preservation of food and nutrition security

Dr. A.K. Sharma, Head, Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre.

Application of Nanotechnology for food safety and quality assessment

Prof. M.S. Thakur Chief Scientist and Head Fermentation Technology and Bioengineering CSIR -Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore.

The nutritional and functional qualities of different Ritualistic food preparation offered to deities on different Indian festivals and Rituals

Dr. Rani Sadasiva Murty Associate Professor, Department of Sahitya Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati

5:40 pm – 06.30 pm VALEDICTORY FUNCTION

Welcome : Prof. D.L. Kusuma Convener, NSI

Presentation of Report on the : Prof. R. Varalakshmi 44th NSI National Conference Secretary, NSI Tirupati Chapter

Remarks by the Former Secretary : Prof. K. Srinivasa Reddy NSI Tirupati Chapter

Review of Poster Sessions : Dr. K. Manjula

President Remarks : Dr. Anura V. Kurpad President, NSI

Address by the Guest of Honour : Dr. S.V. Reddy Director (Scientific) Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of India

Address by the Chief Guest : Prof. S. Rathna Kumari Hon’ble Vice-Chancellor

Sri Padmavathi Mahila Viswa Vidyalayam, Tirupati

Announcement of Awards : Dr. R. Hemalatha Award of Certificates Joint Secretary, NSI Presentation of Mementoes by Former: Prof. D. Peramma Convener, NSI Tirupati Chapter

Vote of Thanks : Dr. K.V. Sucharitha Organizing Secretary

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THIRTYSIXTH GOPALAN ORATION – 2012 THE AWARD

The Gopalan Oration Award was instituted in the year 1974 by the Nutrition Society of India in honour of its Founder-President, Dr. C. Gopalan, who has been the guiding force behind the Society since its inception. In his capacity as the Founder-President and as a permanent Executive Committee Member, Dr. Gopalan has nurtured the Society and has built it up to its present stature. The Society, as it is today, bears testimony to his genius as an architect and father of nutrition sciences in India.

Dr. Gopalan, presently President, Nutrition Foundation of India, is a scientist of international eminence and has spearheaded the cause of nutrition science for over four decades. His contribution towards the betterment of nutrition of population has benefited not only India but other developing countries as well. It has helped to strengthen and inspire movements for the eradication of under-nutrition among the underprivileged in many Third World countries.

Dr. Gopalan had a brilliant academic career at the Madras Medical College and obtained a Doctoral degree in Medicine. During his illustrious career, Dr. Gopalan has held several prestigious positions with distinction that has brought fame not only to him but to his country as well. He was the first Asian to be elected the President of the International Union of Nutrition Sciences and the first Chairman of the Regional Advisory Committee on Medical Research for South-East Asia of WHO. He was on several World Health Organisation Expert Panels for many years and was the Chairman of the Technical Session of the World Health Assembly. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of London. He was also the first Nuffield Foundation Fellow from India in Medical Research Council of United Kingdom and a Rockefeller Foundation Fellow.

The National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India, was nurtured by Dr. Gopalan with rare dedication as its Director from 1960 to 1974. Dr. Gopalan was also responsible for forging a fraternity of Asian nutrition scientists and initiating the first Asian Congress of Nutrition and promoting the subsequent ones, which led to the formation of the Federation of Asian Nutrition Societies. He is an able administrator and a visionary. During his tenure, as the Director of NIN and later as the Director-General of ICMR, the country as a whole focussed its attention on nutritional and medical problems of public health importance. Under his leadership a wealth of information was generated to tackle problems such as Protein Energy Malnutrition, Vitamin A deficiency, Phrynoderma, Lathyrism, Fluorosis and Pellagra. The foundation of the National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau was laid by him. Dr. Gopalan has also created the Nutrition Foundation of India, which has a wide interdisciplinary research network in the country and has brought out valuable reports which are of great value to nutrition scientists, administrators and policy makers. Some of the renowned national and international honours bestowed on him for his outstanding contributions include Dr. B.C. Roy National Award (1974), Dhanvanthri Award (1978), WHO Health for All Medal (1988), Sir C.V. Raman Gold Medal of the Indian National Science Academy (1988), International Union of Nutrition Sciences Award (1989), R.D. Birla Award (1990) and Fellow of the International Union of Nutrition Sciences (1993). The Gopalan Oration Award is given every year to an expert who has made significant contributions in the field of nutrition and allied sciences.

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The Nutrition Society of India is proud to announce that the Thirty Sixth Gopalan Oration on “The First 1000 Days and Human Development : Implications for India” will be delivered by Dr. Reynaldo Martorell, Ph.D., Robert W. Woodruff Professor of International Nutrition, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. USA. THE RECIPIENT

Dr. Reynaldo Martorell was born in Honduras, Central America. He received a Bachelor's Degree in Anthropology from St. Louis University and a Ph.D. in Biological Anthropology from the University of Washington.

Dr. Martorell is the Robert W. Woodruff Professor of International Nutrition and in 2009 stepped down as Chair of the Hubert Department of Global Health, a position he held for 11 years. He is Senior Advisor of the Global Health Institute of Emory University, a Member of the Executive Management Team of the Flour Fortification Initiative, a Director of the Nevin S Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation, a Trustee of the Helen Keller Foundation and a Member of the Advisory Board of the Cornell-Tata Agriculture-Nutrition Initiative in India. He is an advisor to UNICEF, the World Health Organization, the World Bank and the Interamerican Development Bank. Prior to his position at Emory, Dr. Martorell held appointments at Cornell University, Stanford University, and INCAP in Guatemala.

Dr. Reynaldo Martorell’s research interests include maternal and child nutrition, child growth

and development, the significance of early childhood malnutrition for short and long term human function, micronutrient malnutrition, and the emergence of obesity and chronic diseases in developing countries. Dr. Martorell ‘s policy interests include global health concerns, particularly programs and policies in food and nutrition, issues dealing with hunger and malnutrition, and the health implications of changes in diet and lifestyles in developing countries. Current projects take place in Guatemala, Mexico, Viet Nam, China and India. In India, he and his team provide expertise in nutrition as part of an effort led by CARE, India and funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which seeks to improve the quality and quantity of health and nutrition services to women and young children in Bihar, working in collaboration with government. He is the Emory Principal Investigator of the COHORTS group, which includes investigators from the 5 longest running birth cohorts in developing countries (Guatemala, Delhi-India, the Philippines, Brazil and South Africa); this collaboration carries out pooled analyses of the relationship between early childhood growth and nutrition on long term biological, physiological and human capital outcomes. He has more than 350 publications, many of them appearing in leading journals.

Dr. Reynaldo Martorel is the receipt of several Awards which include the McCollum

International Lectureship, the International Nutrition Prize from Kellogg's and the Society for International Nutrition Research, the Marion Creekmore Award from Emory University, the Carlos Slim Award for Lifetime Research Achievements in Health and awards for contributions in nutrition from the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) and the Government of Honduras. He was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States in 2003.

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RECIPIENTS OF GOPALAN ORATION AWARD 1977 Dr. D. B. Jelliffe World Trends in Infants Feeding. 1978 Dr. J. Cravioto Intersensory Integration as a Function of Nutrition and Stimulation. 1979 Dr. M. Behar National Nutrition Policy & Trace Elements and Metabolism. 1980 Dr. M. S. Swaminathan Green Power and Freedom from Hunger. 1981 Dr. V. M. Dandekar Measurement of Undernutrition. 1982 Dr. S. Varadarajan Technology for Better Nutrition. 1983 Dr. H. K. Jain Evolutionary March of Indian Agriculture. 1984 Dr. S. G. Srikantia Nutrition Adaptation in Man. 1985 Dr. K. T. Achaya Invisible Fats Revised. 1986 Dr. V. Kurien Oils and Fats Beyond Nutrition. 1987 Dr. R. K. Chandra Nutrition Immunity and Clinical Outcome. 1988 Dr. Anand S. Prasad Human Zinc Deficiency. 1989 Dr. J.V.G.A. Durnin Is Satisfactory Energy Balance Possible on Low Energy Intake ? 1990 Dr. J. C. Waterlow A New Look at Protein-Energy Malnutrition - Controversies and Challenges. 1991 Dr. Vernon R. Young Amino Acids Kinetics in Humans 1992 Dr. M. C. Latham Alleviating malnutrition in the developing countries of the World. 1993 Dr. Nevin S. Scrimshaw Complementarities among foods and nutrients. 1994 Dr. W.P.T. James Assessing Energy Need : Recent Advances.

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1995 Dr. Florentino S Solon Food Fortification Programme Development in the Philippines. 1996 Dr. John D Potter Plant Foods and Cancer Risk - Science and Tradition. 1997 Dr. B. N. Tandon Nutrition Intervention in 2000 AD 1998 Dr. Artemis P. Simopoulos Genetic variation and nutrition. 1999 Dr. R.S. Paroda Household Food and Nutritional Security Through Advances in Agriculture. 2000 Dr. Gurudev S Khush Strategies to Meet the Global Food and Nutrient Needs in the New Millennium. 2001 Dr. B. S. Narasinga Rao Newer Perspectives in Energy Nutrition and Malnutrition and their Relevance to India. 2003 Dr. Chen Chunming (At IX Asian Congress of Nutrition) Nutrition and Economic Development. Dr. Prakash S Shetty Non-Communicable Diseases in Developing Societies : Causes, Costs and Consequences. 2004 Prof. Mark L Wahlqvist The New Nutrition Science : Solutions for Development. 2005 Dr. Shanti Ghosh For Better Health and Nutrition, Prioritize the Young Child. 2006 Dr. M.K. Bhan Preparing to Face the Challenge. 2007 Dr. Ricardo Uauy Leadership more than new knowledge is required to improve nutrition in India. 2008 Dr. John M Pettifor Vitamin D and Calcium Nutrition in Children in Developing Countries. 2009 Prof. K. Srinath Reddy Public Health Nutrition in India : Moving from Science to Policy and Action. 2010 Prof. David Barker Nutrition in the Womb. 2011 Prof. Barry M Popkin

The Global Dynamics of Diet, Activity and Body Composition: Rapid Shifts in the stages of the Nutrition Transition

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The First 1000 Days and Human Development : Implications for India

Reynaldo Martorell Robert W. Woodruff Professor of International Nutrition

Hubert Department of Global Health Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University

Atlanta, GA. USA

Human development is very sensitive to nutritional influences particularly during the first

1000 days, that is, pregnancy and the first two years of life. Early life is a time of rapid brain growth and maturation as well as rapid physical growth in general. This leads to very high nutritional requirements. In developing countries, infectious diseases, and diarrhoeal diseases in particularly, are important causes of malnutrition along with inadequate infant and young child feeding practices that result in diets of poor quality and quantity. Malnutrition in early life leads to immunodeficiency and accounts for nearly a third of child deaths in developing countries. Survivors suffer long term consequences in their human development.

The hallmark indicator of child malnutrition is stunting, defined as a height that is less than 2

standard deviations below the age and sex-mean of healthy children in the WHO standard. Data from around the world indicate that linear growth failure leading to stunting develops during the first 1000 days. In fact, growth velocities from 2 to 5 years of age in children from very poor areas, including rural India, are similar to those observed in the WHO standard. Thus if we wish to prevent stunting and its associated consequences we must act during the first 1000 days.

A remarkable study and subsequent follow-up studies from Guatemala carried out by the

Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) from 1969 to 1977 provide experimental data on the long terms effects of improving nutrition in the first 1000 days on a variety of human capital outcomes. The nutrition intervention consisted of a supplement containing high quality protein, energy and some micronutrients that was provided to women during pregnancy and lactation and to children less than 7 years of age. The study was a community randomized trial and included two supplemented and two control villages. The nutrition experiment improved total nutrient intakes (protein, energy and micronutrients) and reduced stunting significantly. The strongest effects of supplementation were before two years of age and there was no effect of supplementation on linear growth after 3 years of age. Substantial impact on adult human capital and on economic productivity was found in follow up studies in 1988-89 and 2002-04. The 1988-89 study showed that adult body size and work capacity were increased for those provided improved nutrition through age 3 y, while the 2002-04 follow-up showed that schooling was increased in women and that reading comprehension and intelligence were increased in both men and women. Participants were 26 to 42 y of age at the time of the 2002-04 follow-up, facilitating the assessment of economic productivity. Wages of men were increased by 46% in those provided with improved nutrition through age 2 y. Findings for cardiovascular disease risk factors were heterogeneous; however, they suggest that improved nutrition in early life is unlikely to increase cardiovascular disease risk later in life and may indeed lower risk. The Guatemalan studies indicate that substantial improvement in adult human capital and economic productivity resulted from the nutrition intervention. This provides a powerful argument for promoting improvements in nutrition in pregnant women and young children and has profound implications for India.

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India has among the highest prevalence of stunting in the world. According to the 2005-6 National Family Health Survey (NFHS), 48% of children less than 5 years of age are stunted. As in other countries, stunting develops before 2 years of age; the fact that stunting is already high in children less than six months, about 20%, underscores the importance of prenatal factors. Wasting, defined as less than – 2 standard deviations below the mean weight for height in the WHO standard, is also very high in preschool children: 19.8%. However, the highest prevalence of wasting occurs in children less than 6 months, among whom it is about 30%. Stunting, and to a lesser extent wasting, is strongly related to poverty levels and to characteristics of the mother (short, thin and young mother are more likely to have stunted children). From the literature, some of it generated by Indian studies led by Professor Gopalan, we know that there are profound consequences, in the short and long term, that result from child malnutrition. India’s future as a productive society is compromised by its high levels of malnutrition and the effects that these have on human capital. There is also another dire consequence from child malnutrition. Many Indians who grew in an environment of deprivation and malnutrition now live as adults in settings where food is not limiting and where physical activity is reduced. This so called “mismatch” between early life and adult environments occurs more frequently in urban settings. Many speculate that the rapid rise in obesity and related chronic diseases such as diabetes reflects not only the harmful aspects of current adult environments per se but, in addition, the mismatch itself. Thus, India finds itself with a large unfinished agenda of stunting and many nutrient deficiencies and an emergent epidemic of chronic diseases. The health agenda is overwhelming but one priority must be to address child malnutrition, a problem the Prime Minister called India’s “great shame”. References about the INCAP, Guatemala studies 1. Martorell R, Melgar P, Maluccio JA, Stein AD, Rivera JA. The development and legacy of the

INCAP Oriente studies 1969-2009: The nutrition intervention improved adult human capital and economic productivity. Journal of Nutrition 140(2):411-4, 2010 Feb.

2. Behrman JR, Calderon MC, Preston SH, Hoddinott J, Martorell R, Stein AD. Nutritional

supplementation in girls influences the growth of their children: prospective study in Guatemala. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 90(5):1372-9, 2009 Nov.

3. Maluccio JA, Hoddinott J, Behrman JR, Martorell R, Quisumbing AR, Stein AD. The impact of

improving nutrition during early childhood on education among Guatemala adults. Economic Journal 119:734-63, 2009.

4. Hoddinott J, Maluccio JA, Behrman JR, Flores R, Martorell R. Effect of a nutrition intervention

during early childhood on economic productivity in Guatemalan adults. Lancet 371(9610):411-6, 2008 Feb.

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TWENTY FOURTH SRIKANTIA MEMORIAL LECTURE – 2012

THE AWARD

Srikantia Memorial Lecture Award was instituted in 1989 by the Nutrition Society of India to honour late Dr.S.G.Srikantia, one of the Founder-Members of the Society. As a Member, and later as its Treasurer (1974-1978) and Vice-President (1978-80), Dr.Srikantia was instrumental in building, expanding and consolidating the activities of the Society.

Dr. Srikantia was born in 1926 in an illustrious family in Mysore. After his brilliant

undergraduate career in Mysore Medical College, he joined the National Institute of Nutrition - then known as the Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor, in 1951. He served the Institute with rare distinction and dedication for more than three decades till his voluntary retirement in 1980. From 1974 to 1980, he was the Director of the Institute and contributed to the growth and development of the Institute.

Dr. Srikantia was an internationally renowned nutrition scientist and made outstanding

contributions in clinical nutrition. He was a versatile, knowledgeable and well informed scientist not only in clinical nutrition but also in nutritional biochemistry and public health nutrition. Under his able stewardship, the National Institute of Nutrition diversified its research activities and had a coordinated approach, which added new dimension and depth to nutrition research.

A scientist with ideas, vision, initiative and drive, he could enthuse colleagues in an

inimitable, gentle and persuasive manner. His elegant studies on the role of ferritin in the pathogenesis of nutritional oedema have attracted considerable attention. His pioneering research contributions on protein energy malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency, nutritional anaemias, pellagra and fluorosis have earned him academic recognition. He led the studies on the prevention and control of vitamin A deficiency in the country and was the man behind the National Vitamin A Prophylaxis Programme. Even after his voluntary retirement, he continued to be active in research and teaching, and was associated with the University of Mysore and served as Temporary Adviser, WHO. He was a member of the Editorial Board of the Indian Journal of Medical Research and was valued for his unbiased critical and mature views on a wide range of topics.

Dr.Srikantia has several publications to his credit including Chapters in books. He was

frequently invited by national and international agencies to be on their expert committees. He was a tower of support and strength to the Nutrition Foundation of India and played a

leading role in the formulation and implementation of many of its research projects and in the preparation of its scientific reports.

A man of simple habits and sterling qualities; upright, sincere and devoted to scientific

pursuits and loyal to the committed cause, Srikantia was a friend, philosopher and guide to many a junior colleagues. He was a diamond among men, transparent in his dealing with people, dazzling in intelligence, hard in getting the work done and sharp in seeing through people.

The Nutrition Society of India is proud to announce that the Twenty Fourth Srikantia

Memorial Lecture on “Gut Microbiota: Roles in Nutrition and Perturbations in Disease” will be

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delivered by Prof. B. S. Ramakrishna, Professor of Gastroenterology, Head, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu.

THE RECIPIENT

Born on 26th October 1952, Dr. B. S. Ramakrishna obtained his basic Medical Degree from

Christian Medical College (CMC) Vellore, Madras University in 1974. He went on to complete MD in General Medicine in 1979, secured MNAMS (Gastroenterology) from National Board of Examinations in 1981 and D.M. (Gastroenterology) in 1983. Dr. Ramakrishna also got his Ph.D. in from Madras University in 1992.

Starting his career as a Lecturer in Medicine at CMC, Vellore in 1979, he served in different

positions like Reader in Gastroenterology (1985-1986), Associate Professor (1986-1990) and he has been holding the position of Professor of Gastroenterology at the same Institute since 1990. Dr. Ramakrishna is also the Adjunct Scientist at Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore. He had worked as Senior Registrar at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia (1987-1989) and served as the Consultant Gastroenterologist at Salmaniya Medical Centre, Bahrain from 1997 to 2000. Dr. Ramakrishna is a Visiting Professor at Yale University School of Medicine, USA.

Dr. Ramakrishna also occupied several key positions like Head, Hospital Information

Systems (1994-1997), Head, Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory (2002-2006), Head, Gastroenterology & Hepatology (2006-2011) at CMC, Vellore. He is currently the Head of the Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences at the College.

Dr. Ramakrishna is the recipient of a number of prestigious Awards/Honours, which include:

Jacob Chandy Gold Medal for Best Outgoing Clinical Student, Christian Medical College, Vellore (1974), Young Investigator Award, World Congresses of Gastroenterology (1986), Hoechst Om Prakash Award for best researcher under 40, Indian Society of Gastroenterology (1991), Rev. Fr. Lourdu M. Yeddanapalli Gold Medal for best researcher under 45, CMC Vellore (1995), Prof. B.K. Aikat Oration Award of the Indian Council of Medical Research (2000), Dr. R.M. Kasliwal award, National Academy of Medical Sciences India (2002), Elected Fellow, National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) (1999). Elected Fellow, Indian Academy of Sciences (2006), Abbott Oration, Indian Society of Gastroenterology (2007), Achanta Lakshmipathi Oration, National Academy of Medical Sciences (2008), Elected Fellow, Indian National Science Academy (2009), Inducted Fellow, American Gastroenterology Association, (2009), Prof. N. Madanagopalan Oration, Tamil Nadu Chapter of Indian Society of Gastroenterology (2011).

Dr. Ramakrishna served as a Member of various Committees including Project Review

Committee (Diarrhoeal Diseases), ICMR (1993-1996), Scientific Advisory Committee, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India (2001-2004), Scientific Advisory Committee, 9th Asian Congress of Diarrhoeal Disease and Nutrition, New Delhi (2001), Practice Guidelines Committee (Adult acute diarrhoea), World Congresses of Gastroenterology (2002). Project Advisory Committee (Health Sciences), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (2004-2010). Ethics Committee, IndiaCLEN, (2004-2007, 2008-2009), Core Committee, Indian Council of Medical Research (2006-2009), Tropical and Clinical Immunology Funding Committee, Wellcome Trust, UK (2006-2009), Scientific Advisory Board, Indian Council of Medical Research

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(2007-2010), Project Advisory Committee (Gastroenterology), Indian Council of Medical Research (2009), Wellcome Trust / DBT India Early Career Fellowship Selection Committee (2009-2010). He is currently serving as a Member of Research Committee, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Scientific Advisory Committee, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, Task Force on Biotechnological Approaches to Food and Nutrition Security, Department of Biotechnology Wellcome Trust-MRC-DfID Committee on Global Health. He is a member of various professional societies.

Dr. Ramakrishna has over 125 scientific papers published in peer-reviewed journals and 18

Book Chapters to his credit. He also served as a Member of Editorial Board of prestigious journals like Journal of

Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Australia (1990-1993, 1996-2007)), Indian Journal of Gastroenterology (1996-2007). He is currently the member of Board of Editors of two Journals viz., Indian Journal of Medical Research and Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.

As Organizing Secretary, Dr. Ramakrishna was involved in organizing a number of

conferences and scientific events.

PREVIOUS RECIPIENTS 1989 Dr.P.S.Shetty

Energy Metabolism in Chronic Energy Deficiency. 1990 Dr.M.Gabr

Better Nutrition for the World Poor : A Challenge of the Future. 1991 Dr.B.N.Tandon

Malnutrition and Gastroenterological Disorders. 1992 Dr.B.S.Narasinga Rao

Current concepts in human nutrient requirements and allowances - A critique of their use in practice and a need for an alternative.

1993 Dr.Rajammal P. Devadas Empowering women towards improving family nutrition. 1994 Dr.Tara Gopaldas

Problems and prospects in upscaling Nutrition-Research-Action Projects or Pilots to Programmes.

1995 Dr. Vinodini Reddy Dietary approaches to combat vitamin A deficiency. 1996 Dr. N. Kochupillai Micronutrient Deficiency and Human Health and Development. 1997 Dr. M. V. Rao Population - Food - Nutrition : Challenges and Options Before India.

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1998 Dr. Shanti Ghosh Nutrition, Growth and Development - The first two years are crucial. 1999 Dr. Mahtab S. Bamji

Understanding and combating recognized and less recognized vitamin deficiencies. 2000 Dr. S. Rajagopalan

Perspective Planning for Human Development.

2001 Dr. Prema Ramachandran Research Studies on Mother Child Dyad - Foundation for National Programmes. 2003 Dr. M. S. Swaminathan

Ensuring Ecological, Social and Economic Access to Balanced Diets and Safe Drinking Water.

Prof. K. N. Agarwal Nutrition and Brain. 2004 Dr. Kamala Krishnaswamy Turmeric – The Salt of the Orient is the Spice of Life. 2005 Dr. Subadra Seshadri

The Persistent Problem of Iron Deficiency Anaemia and its Consequences: A Life Cycle Approach is Critical for its Control.

2006 Dr. K. Vijayaraghavan

Community Nutrition Research in India – Contributions, Constraints and Controversies. 2007 Dr. V. Prakash Nutrition Links in the Food Chain. 2008 Dr. Ramesh V Bhat

Status of Food Safety in India : Past, Present and Future.

2009 Prof. H.P.S. Sachdev Improving Nutrition through Relevant Evidence: Transforming an Indian Dream into Reality.

2010 Dr. B. Sivakumar Carotene conversion to vitamin A is not inefficient. 2011 Dr. B. Sesikeran

Technology for Better Nutrition

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Gut Microbiota : Roles in Nutrition and Perturbations in Disease

B.S. Ramakrishna Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Yale University

Professorial Fellow, Flinders University of South Australia President, Indian Society of Gastroenterology

rama@cmcvellore.ac.in

The gastrointestinal tract is host to a very large number of microbes that influence human

physiology and nutrition. These microbes are least in the upper gastrointestinal tract and reach their greatest density and number in the large intestine. There appear to be at least 500 species of microbes in the gut of each individual. In the upper gastrointestinal tract, they tend to be more of aerobes or facultative anaerobes, while the colon largely harbours obligate anaerobes. The gut microbiota survives on unabsorbed dietary constituents including unabsorbed carbohydrates and proteins, and also on host carbohydrates and proteins that are shed into the lumen of the gut. Traditional culture-based approaches to studying the microbiota, in vogue fifty years ago, have given way to molecular methods of examining the microbial communities in the gut. These have proved to be powerful tools, capable of analysing the large majority of bacteria in the gut that are not amenable to standard bacterial culture.

The intestine is presumed to be sterile in utero and is colonized during the process of birth. There are distinct differences in the first colonizers between vaginally delivered infants and those delivered by Caesarean section. In following up a cohort of newborns delivered in hospital we found that, although there were differences on the first day of birth between vaginally delivered neonates and those delivered by Caesarean section, these differences rapidly disappeared in the following few days. It was also apparent that the development of the gut microbiota was rapid and that colonisation of the gut by all microbial communities was found even on the first day of life. Lactobacilli, present in relatively larger numbers at the time of birth, reduce in abundance soon after birth. Bifidobacteria increased rapidly in the first week and then became the dominant bacterial community in faeces. Socioeconomic status of the mother was associated with rapidity of colonisation by bifidobacteria. Bacteroides-Prevotella and Clostridium leptum group, major microbial communities later in life, appeared in significant numbers between the third and sixth months of life. It is likely that these changes in the microbiota are the result of introduction of complementary feeding, since diet is a powerful factor that determines microbiota composition in the gut.

As children grow, their dietary requirements and preferences change and these are attended by changes in the dominance of microbial communities in the gut. In our studies, we found that bifidobacteria continue to remain a dominant microbial community in the faeces until adolescence, but then reduce sharply in relative numbers in adulthood. On the other hand, microbes belonging to the BacteroidesPrevotella-Porphyromonas group become more abundant in adults. Eubacterium rectale (a dominant member of clostridial cluster XIV) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (a prominent member of clostridial cluster IV) increased in later childhood and adolescence and then reduced to lesser numbers in adults. The latter two microbial communities are among the major carbohydrate fermenting microbes in the gut, and lead to the production of significant amounts of short chain fatty acids. It is likely that the increase in abundance of these microbial communities reflects the introduction of significant amounts of unabsorbed dietary carbohydrate (including resistant starch and non-starch polysaccharides) in the diet.

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Studies in the West demonstrate the presence of a core microbiome and a variable microbiome. The latter, in particular, is susceptible to dietary influences. Based on statistical analyses of microbial patterns across populations living in different continents, it has been suggested that humans can be classified into different “enterotypes”, reflecting dominance of particular bacterial communities in their gut microbiota, and having implications for nutrition and host responses.

The gut microbiota has effects on the immune system through interaction with the innate immune system of the gastrointestinal tract, comprising the epithelial cells that line the gut and the macrophages and dendritic cells that lie beneath the epithelial cells. Through their effects on the Toll-like receptors and Nod-like receptors on these cells, the microbial residents of the gut influence adaptive immune responses, leading to a state of oral tolerance. This allows the body to become non-responsive antigens that are administered orally. Loss of this state of oral tolerance leads to uncontrolled inflammation in the gut or beyond. It is this loss of oral tolerance that may underlie the effects of the gut microbiota on systemic inflammation that is responsible for a variety of chronic diseases.

The microbiota also has effects on nutrition and metabolism. By fermenting unabsorbed dietary carbohydrate to short chain fatty acids, they increase energy salvage. This is of importance in certain residents of developing countries who have marginal state of energy nutrition coupled with a high consumption of carbohydrates (including resistant starch) that are not absorbed in the small intestine. In these individuals, it leads to salvage of energy that would be otherwise lost from the body. On the other hand, it is these same bacteria that are likely to contribute to energy salvage and overweight in developed countries. A series of intriguing experiments by Jeffrey Gordon and his associates showed that overweight and obesity in an animal model could be induced by feeding the microbiota of obese animals to germ free animals of a lean parental phenotype. This has led to a number of studies that examined the gut microbiota of obese individuals. In one such study conducted in southern India we found that obese children had a greater relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in their faecal microbiota compared to lean children. This microbial community is a major fermenter of carbohydrate. Total energy and carbohydrate intake were not different between the obese and non-obese children suggesting that the abundance of this microbial community in the obese children could be contributing to increased energy salvage in that group. Studies in women with iron deficiency anaemia showed a reduction in lactobacilli in those who were iron deficient. While there was an association, our study did not elucidate whether this was a cause of iron deficiency or a result of it.

Microbial fermentation of carbohydrate to short chain fatty acids is important in diarrhoeal disease, where a relative deficiency of SCFA in the colon may contribute to prolonged diarrhoea. We have examined the microbial flora of the stool in children with diarrhoea in the community and found reduction in abundance of Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas group, E. rectale, L. acidophilus and F. prausnitzii groups during acute diarrhoea compared to their levels following recovery from diarrhoea. It is likely that these changes are secondary to reduced food intake during diarrhoea as well as rapid intestinal transit leading to washout of microbiota from the colon.

Gut microbiota are composed of a very wide variety of microorganisms and species, some of which are beneficial to the host and others that are aggressive. In health a balance is maintained between protective and aggressive species and this is termed eubiosis. Dysbiosis is a state where this balance is disturbed leading to increase in the aggressive constituents of the

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microbiota. This state of dysbiosis is considered to be a major contributor to a variety of disorders including inflammatory bowel disease, systemic low grade inflammation and cancer. Our studies indicate that, in inflammatory bowel disease, there is an increase in Bacteroides and a reduction in bifidobacteria. In patients with colon cancer, there were reductions in E. rectale and F. prausnitzii, with relative increases in Enterococcus faecalis.

In summary these studies of the gut microbiota, using molecular techniques, have advanced our understanding of the human gut microbiota in Indians, and showed several associations with disease and with nutritional state. The nature of these associations needs to be further explored and may well lead to development of novel therapies.

References 1. Balamurugan R, Janardhan HP, George S, Raghava MV, Muliyil J, Ramakrishna BS.

Molecular studies of fecal anaerobic commensal bacteria in acute diarrhea in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008;46:514-9.

2. Balamurugan R, Rajendiran E, George S, Samuel GV, Ramakrishna BS. Real time

polymerase chain reaction quantification of specific butyrate-producing bacteria, Desulfovibrios and Enterocococcus faecalis in the faeces of patients with colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23: 1298-1303.

3. Balamurugan R, Janardhan HP, George S, Chittaranjan SP, Ramakrishna BS. Bacterial

succession in the colon during childhood and adolescence: molecular studies in a southern Indian village. Amer J Clin Nutr 2008; 88: 1643-47.

4. Balamurugan R, George G, Kabeerdoss J, Hepsiba J, Chandragunasekaran AM, Ramakrishna BS. Quantitative differences in intestinal Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in obese Indian children. Br J Nutr 2009; 23: 1-4.

5. Balamurugan R, Mary RR, Chittaranjan S, Jancy H, Shobana Devi R, Ramakrishna BS. Low levels of faecal lactobacilli in women with iron-deficiency anaemia in south India. Br J Nutr. 2010;104:1-4.

6. Kabeerdoss J, Shobana Devi R, Regina Mary R, Ramakrishna BS. Faecal microbiota composition in vegetarians: comparison with omnivores in a cohort of young women in southern India. Br J Nutr. 2011 Dec 20:1-5.

7. Nandakumar NS, Pugazhendhi S, Ramakrishna BS. Effects of enteropathogenic bacteria and

lactobacilli on chemokine secretion and Toll like receptor gene expression in two human colonic epithelial cell lines. Indian J Med Res 2009; 130: 170-8.

8. Ramakrishna BS, Roediger WEW. Bacterial short chain fatty acids: their role in

gastrointestinal disease. Dig Dis 1990; 8: 337-45. 9. Ramakrishna BS. The normal bacterial flora of the human intestine and its regulation. J Clin

Gastroenterol 2007;41 Suppl 1:S2-6.

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THIRD RAJAMMAL P DEVADAS MEMORIAL LECTURE - 2012

THE AWARD

The Rajammal P Devadas Memorial Lecture Award was instituted by the Nutrition Society of India, in association with Avinashilingam Education Trust and Avinashilingam University for Women in the year 2009. Dr. Rajammal P Devadas (lovingly called ‘amma’ by her colleagues and students) had made significant contributions for the cause of Nutrition Science, Home Science and Women’s development in the country. She was the President of the Nutrition Society of India during 1987 to 1991.

Born in Kallikulam in Tirunelvelli District of Tamil Nadu, Dr. Devadas had her early education in Chennai and graduated from Women’s Christian College. She received her Ph.D. degree from Ohio State University, USA, with copious honours in 1950, and her Post Doctoral D.Sc. degree from the University of Madras in 1978. As a leading nutritionist of international reputation, Dr. Devadas, in her various capacities as Principal, Vice Chancellor and Chancellor, had a stupendous academic record throughout. Dr. Devadas held several celebrated positions such as Chief Home Economist and Joint Director (Home Science), Directorate of Extension, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Government of India (1955-1961) and Assistant Director General (Nutrition) ICAR (1975-76). She also served with immense merit as the Regional Vice President - International Federation for Women in Agriculture (IFWA), Regional Coordinator for Research-World Alliance for Breast Feeding and the First Vice President of the World Food Conference convened by the FAO in 1970 in The Hague, Holland, besides holding many other memorable advisory positions in National and International Organizations.

Dr. Devadas's major scientific contributions in the area of Home Science and Community Nutrition have resulted in various implementable programmes. To name a few, nutrition consultation in the colossal State-wide Nutritious Noon Meal Programme of the Government of Tamil Nadu, organization of training programmes for thousands of workers involved in nutrition intervention programmes, direction of a project in five states to commence Nutrition/Health Education and Environmental Sanitation in primary schools in which 10,000 teachers from five districts of Tamil Nadu were skilled in nutrition. In the academic year 1991-1992, she integrated NSS into the undergraduate curriculum of the Avinashilingam University giving it credits and an academic status. She toiled hard to educate the community on the significance of nutrition by developing educational materials and conducting research and community outreach programmes. She was the chief editor of the Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Highlights and the Tamil Science monthly Vignana Chudar. She has left behind to her credit over 500 research papers and 57 books. She represented India in more than 50 International Nutrition/Home Science Conferences in about 40 countries.

She received many awards from various national and international organizations for her commendable and priceless service in different fields including the Tagore Literacy Award (1991), Padma Shri from the Government of India (1992) and Dr. B.C.Guha Memorial Award (1993). She was awarded the Honorary Degree of Humane Letters from Oregon State University (1993) and Ohio State University (1994), Honorary D.Sc. from Chandrasekar Azad University of Agriculture

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and Technology, Kanpur (1994), Honorary Degree of D.Sc. from University of Ulster, Northern Ireland (1996), G.D. Birla Award (1998), the Malcolm S. Adiseshiah Award (2000) and the prestigious International Union of Nutrition Sciences (IUNS) Award in 2001 at Vienna, Austria.

The phenomenal growth of the Avinashilingam Institutions to the present heights is only due to the consistent and unstinted efforts of Dr. Devadas. Sri Avinashilingam Home Science College for Women was established in 1957, the Home Science College acquired the Deemed University status in 1988 with Dr.Rajammal P. Devadas as its first Vice Chancellor.

Dr. Rajammal P. Devadas Memorial Lecture Award is given every year to an outstanding women nutrition scientist of Indian origin working in India who has made noteworthy contributions in the field of applied nutritional sciences.

The Nutrition Society of India is proud to announce that the Third Dr. Rajammal P. Devadas Memorial Lecture on “Impact of Economic Empowerment of Women on Health Security – Lessons from Studies in Andhra Pradesh, Karnatka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Kenya” will be delivered by Prof. Vijaya Khader, Former Dean, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, at the 44th National Conference of the Nutrition Society of India held at Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh.

THE RECIPIENT

Born on 31st October 1946, Prof. (Mrs.) Vijaya Khader got her Master’s Degree in the year 1970 from Sri Venkateswara University College, Tirupati. She obtained her Doctoral Degree in Foods and Nutrition under CSIR Fellowship at CFTRI, Mysore in the year 1976. She underwent Advanced Training in Food Science and Nutritional Sciences under FAO Fellowship at Michigan State University, USA in 1989.

Prof. Vijaya Khader, has been actively engaged in nutrition research and teaching for over three decades. She worked as Associate Dean at the College of Home Science, Bapatla, AP from 1983 to 1994 and served as the College’s first Principal. She was also selected as the member of Board of Management of the Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) for three years (1992-1995). She also served at the College of Home Science, ANGRAU, Hyderabad as its Principal from 2001 to 2002. She headed the Department of Foods and Nutrition, Post-Graduate Research Centre (PGRC) at the University and served as the Director, Centre of Advanced Studies (1995-2002) in the field of Foods and Nutrition, which is only one in the country. She was instrumental in starting the Inter-faculty Post Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology and worked as the Program Director from 2001-2002.

She has completed 20 independent research projects financed by various National and International Organizations. Her main research interests are in Socio-economic Empowerment of Rural, Farm, Fisher and Tribal Women; and improving health and nutritional status of vulnerable groups of population.

Prof. Vijaya Khader fabricated two equipments namely low cost ice-cream freezer and multi-purpose fresh fish vending and display table and patented these before licensing them to a women entrepreneur for a period of 6 years.

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She was the recipient of CSIR Post Doctoral Fellowship (1971-1977). She also received Mary Clerk Memorial Scholarship from Canada during her MSc (1968-70). In order to examine the educational methods in teaching food science and nutrition and to collaborate with the renowned Universities, she visited Maryland, Iowa State; Texas A&M, Washington D.C., University of Wales, Bangor, Nottingham and University of London, during 1999. To study the agricultural practices, she visited Egypt during 2006, Netherlands and Italy subsequently. She visited Beijing 2007 as a Member of TWOWS.

Prof. Vijaya Khader has many awards and honours to her credit. These include, State Best Teacher Award (1998); Appreciation Certificate from ICAR (1998); Women of the year 1998 & 2000 (American Biographical Institute); Bharata Mata Award 2001 (from Astrological Research Project, Viswa Jyothi Perished, Calcutta); Fellow of Association of Food Scientists and Technologists Award on 9th in 2004, Outstanding Woman Professional Award 2007-2008 from Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI).

She was nominated as Subject Coordinator for ICT enabled Higher Education at National level on production of courseware –e-Content for P.G. subjects especially for Food Technology by National Mission for Education & Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India. Prof. Vijaya Khader also served as the Peer Review Team Member for Accreditation of Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (2003-2008) and Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (2004-2010) and Quinquennial Review Team Member of Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana (2007-2008).

She has written 4 University level text-books and has more than 150 research papers in reputed National as well as International Journals to her credit.

PREVIOUS RECIPIENTS 2010 Dr.Mahtab S Bamji Striving for village-level nutrition security - Challenges and opportunities 2011 Dr. Rita S Raghuvanshi Reorganizing Nutrition for a Better Tomorrow

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IMPACT OF ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN ON HEALTH SECURITY - LESSONS FROM STUDIES IN SOUTH INDIA AND KENYA.

Vijaya Khader

Former Dean, Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad

I am quite convinced that in India today progress can be and should be measured by the progress of the women in India - Jawaharlal Nehru Introduction

India is the second most populous country in the world; 120 million women live in poverty. Over 70 percent of India’s population depends on land resources for livelihood (includes 84% of the economically-active women). Population increased from 1951 - 361.1 million to 2011 - 1027 millions 933/1000 Female & Male sex ratio, 22.8% adolescent girls, 16% BPL families, 70% land based livelihood, 84% women Agriculture Labourer, 75% male and 54.2% female literacy (21.7% gap in literacy), 14% male and 15% female child labour, 54% child marriages, 65% hidden hunger- women and children. Gender disparities in nutrition from infancy to adulthood. Anaemia in girls of 6-14 years is 95%. As per the National and Regional Survey: Prevalence of anaemia 74% in children below 3 years of age, 85% in pregnant mothers, 90% among adolescents girls. India’s maternal mortality rate in rural areas is highest in the world. Antenatal care - 40-50 % of women, pregnancy related deaths - one-quarter of all fatalities. Gynaecological disorder-92 percent suffered from one or more. Most vulnerable sections are adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating mothers, under weight children under five. India is a strategic player in the world in the food sector: Is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables next to China, Second largest producer of wheat, Third largest in food grains (210 million tonnes), Largest exporter of cashew nut in the world (Amounts 43% of world production), Fifth largest producer of eggs, largest producer of milk (91 million tonnes). Working conditions result in premature and stillbirths, Impact of air and water pollution and lack of sanitation. Receive far less education than men; largest population of non-school working girls. Literacy rate for women is 39 percent versus 64 percent for men. Encouragement to private colleges will reduce women’s opportunities for higher education since privatisation in education promotes only male-dominated professional and technical courses. Sex-selective abortion, 96 percent of female foetuses was aborted. Indian women in the poverty group, spends about 5 hr/day more than the Indian men in work. Taking the economy as a whole, women perform two-thirds of the work, but earn only one-tenth of the income. More than 250 million children in developing countries are at risk of vitamin A deficiency, More than 2000 million women & children are at the risk of iron deficiency, and more than 1500 million people in the world are at risk of iodine deficiency. Cost of treating malnutrition is 27 times more than the investment required for its prevention. The annual wastage of agricultural produce is almost 30% and equivalent to Rs.580 corers (due to inadequate storage and processing facilities). According to India's 3rd National Family Health Survey, child nutrition below 5 years age: 48% - stunted; 20% - wasted; 43% - under weight; 70% - anaemia; 50% - vitamin A deficiency and 75% - iodine deficiency. India has not achieved acceptable child nutrition levels. People in 33 countries consume less calories than required. Food insecurity is due to lack of access and maldistribution. WHO & World Economic Forum reviled India will incur an accumulated loss of $236.6 billion by 2015 on account of unhealthy life style and faulty diet.

Gender Welfare Programmes: 1st to 5th Five-Year Plan (1951-1979) Welfare Approach; 6th Five-Year Plan (1980-1984) Welfare to Development. DST starts the scheme “S&T for Women” (1981); 7th Five-Year Plan (1985-1989) Department of Women & Child Development set-up (1985)

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Nodal Department; 8th Five-Year Plan (1992-1997) - National Commission for Women set-up (1992), Women Development Corporation set-up in States; India ratifies the Beijing Declaration (1995); 9th Five–Year Plan (1997-2002); Development to empowerment, Women Component Plan adapted ensures not less than 30% funds are earmarked for women-related activities in all Ministries. Scheme on Biotechnology Application for Women set-up by DBT. Women Empowerment Year celebrated – 2001; 10th Five–Year Plan (2003-2007). S&T Policy 2003 released by Ministry of Science and Technology Scholarship Scheme for Women, Scientists launched Women Scientists Cell set-up at DST. 11th Five-Year Plan (2007-2012) Lower gender gap, reduce infant mortality rate, reduce maternal mortality rate, equal access to women to health care, education and vocational guidance.

Economic growth in India has failed nutrition: At current rates India will not meet the

millennium development goal until 2043 not 2015 as planned. China has already met its 2015 target. China has reduced child under nutrition by more than half (from 25% to 8%). Brazil has reduced child under nutrition by 60% (from 18% to 7%).Thailand has reduced child under nutrition by more than half (from 50% to 25%) Viethnam has reduced child under nutrition by 40% (from 45% to 27%). Reducing malnutrition is not just about health, agriculture and economics but it also accounts for politics, Governance and power.

Several Programmes: National Nutrition Policy (1993); National Nutrition Plan of Action (1995); National Nutrition Mission (2001) not at achieved nutrition goals. Reasons: Nutrition is a poor cousin even in health and agriculture planning and execution, Nutrition improvement is not a stated goal with measurable parameters in National Food Security Mission, National Horticulture Mission and National Rural Health Mission.

The most important National Nutrition Programmes in India are: Integrated Child Development Services Programme (ICDS), The Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), Food for Work, The National Mid-Day Meals Programme (NMMP), Micronutrient (Iron folate; Vitamin A; Iodized salt) schemes. Research carried out by me on: 1) Rural Development, 2) Women Empowerment 3) Food Security & Lively Hood Security to improve the Nutritional Status:

Experimental methodology used starting from surveys, chemical analysis, biochemical estimations, bio-availability studies on rats as well as human subjects; clinical observations and histological studies were used as per the study design. Product development, value addition, Technology transfer, Entrepreneur skills development, income generation activities and creating awareness through Nutrition Education were also used. 1. Home based low cost energy protein rich preparations using Horse gram for vulnerable

groups (Vijayakhader & P. Ashlesh, 1998)

The horse gram, which is commonly used for cattle feed, can be diversified for human consumption with less investment. Processed horse gram flour was prepared using puffing and roasting, processed soyabean flour was prepared by dehulling and roasting. The low cost energy protein rich products namely RAGINA and EPRF were prepared using the simple home scale processing methods like germination, roasting and puffing, to improve the nutritional status. Horse gram has been identified as potential food resource for the tropics and also occupies an important place among pulses because of its ability to resist severe drought conditions. Soya bean (Glycine

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max) is one of the best vegetable proteins and has tremendous potential to meet the protein deficiency in the cereal based Indian Diets at a low cost. Product development can be taken as income generating activity in the rural areas by the illiterate women. Products can be included in supplementary feeding programmes in order to improve the nutritional status of the vulnerable groups of the population. 2. Effect of Iron enriched chewing gum/Bubble gum consumption on iron nutritional status

of anaemic adolescent boys & girls age range of 12-16 years (Vijayakhader & Shoba, 2008) This project was taken up to test if a commonly consumed product like fortified chewing gum

could be given to overcome iron deficiency among adolescents. Results showed to improve the Iron Nutritional Status of 60 Boys & 60 girls in the age 12-16 years at Kondurgu village of Mahabbobnagar District. The study proto cal was approved by the Institutional Ethical committee of the college. Children were given either unfortified or fortified chewing gum thrice a day and the iron nutritional status was measured at three points of time at base line ; mid point and end point in a study period of 180 days. The consumption of fortified Chewing gum improved the haemoglobin levels. Long- term storage studies are in progress. 3. To study the effect of feeding malted food on the nutritional status of vulnerable groups

(Vijayakhader & Umamaheswari, 2012)

Amylase Rich Malted Mixes (ARMM) two types were formulated using ragi/wheat and suitable products namely Laddu, Roti, Kheer, and Porridge were prepared using formulated malted mix. The ARMM’s found to be nutritional dense. For the supplementation of malted mixes, 8 villages of Lepakshi Mandal, Ananthapur District were selected. Preschool children (400), pregnant women (100) and lactating women (100) were selected and fed with two types of malted mixes (ragi/wheat) for a period of 3 months. Anthropometric data, food intake showed a significant increase in the preschoolers, pregnant women and lactating mothers. Clinical assessment showed considerable reduction i.e. (50%) in nutritional deficiency symptoms and morbidity rate of all the subjects. Training programmes were conducted to 40 members by lecture and method demonstrations using developed education material such as Posters, Flip book, Manual and CD-Rom. After the training, 60-70% improvement was observed in Knowledge, Attitude and Practices scores of the trainees, project profile for bulk production was also developed. Supplementation of ARMM’s helped to improve the nutritional status of the vulnerable groups of population in rural areas especially with regard to protein, energy, iron, and calcium and B-complex vitamins. Promotion of malt-based small scale food industry not only provides opportunity for rural women to develop entrepreneurship and employment but also provided Food and Nutritional Security through income generation.

The then Honorable Minister for Agriculture Dr.N.Raghuveera Reddy was very much impressed and interested to introduce ARMM in the ongoing ICDS supplementary feeding programmes based on research results.

4. Therapeutic food supplementation in ICDS Projects of Andhra Pradesh (Yasoda Devi &

Vijayakhader, 2004)

Total 2267 children of age range of 1-3 years were selected (892 children from rural ICDS project, Saravakota; 507 children from new ICDS project, Kottem; and 778 children from tribal ICDS project, Seethapeta) for a period of 1 year. The three types of supplements were prepared

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and distributed by A.P. Foods, Hyderabad. The supplements were distributed either in the form of Laddu or as in the form of powder. Nutritive value of 100g of supplements provides 400 to 480 Kcal 12.5 to 13.8 g proteins. It was very encouraging to note that 92% of grade III children showed improvement in their weight and height; 80% of moderately malnourished; 42% of mildly malnourished and 44% with normal grade showed improvement. It was also observed that there was positive correlation between the calorie and protein intake and also improvement in weight and height. All 100% of mothers as well as Anganwadi workers preferred these supplementary foods better as compared to earlier supplied food i.e. ready to eat food. 5. Studies on Fisher Women in the Coastal Eco System of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,

Kerala and Tamil Nadu (Vijaya Khader, R.N. Kumar, J.Lakshmi, K.Dhanapal, H.M.Kasim, R.Sathiadas and N.S.Sudhakar. 2004)

Two Equipments I) Low Cost Ice Cream Freezer II) Fresh Fish Vending and Display Table have been fabricated and the patents were received on 13th October, 2003. The technology has been licensed to Smt.G.Varalakshmi, W/o. Sri G.Satya Kiran, M/s. Yogi Industries, and Secunderabad for manufacturing these two equipments for a period of two years. She is the sole authority to manufacture in the country. After expiry of two years the technology on low cost ice cream freezer was licensed second time to another women entrepreneur namely Mrs. Lakshmi Bhuvaneswari W/o Devi Hariprasad, D.No.23/321, Bachupeta, Hindu College Road, Machilipatnam – 527 001 on 16th September, 2006 for a period of 6 years. These equipments were fabricated mainly to improve the Health Security. 6. Role of Women in Fisheries in Coastal Eco-System of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,

Kerala and Tamil Nadu. (Vijaya Khader, R.Sathiadas and H.Mohamad Kasim – 2005).

Fish eaters in the study area comprise 47 per cent of the total population ranging from 237 per cent in Tamil Nadu to 85 per cent in Kerala. Though the position of Tamil Nadu in terms of number of coastal districts and possession of coast line including the number of landing centers is envious, the number of fish eaters in the state is minimal. Andhra Pradesh employs 32 per cent of its fisherwomen in fish curing/drying/net making and 27 per cent in processing plant works. 7. Tribal mother’s attitude towards lactation performance (Vijayakhader, Vimala, Sarojini &

Rajya Lakshmi,1996)

Tribal women are mostly involved in food preparation (25%) where as men are involved in occupational activities. Majority (85%) of tribal women do not think lactation as a necessity to take special care about either food because they were lactating. Majority of mothers (66%) were aware of the reason for decrease in lactation performance. Only a small number of mothers (5%) knew that sickness and insufficient food (2%) played a role in decreasing the lactation performance. As nursing mothers, they do not receive any special attention from the family members regarding the additional intake of food. A positive change was observed in lactating mothers through Nutrition Education. 8. Health Status of Tribal’s of Chinthapalli Block (Vijayakhader, Vimala, Sarojini & Rajya

Lakshmi,1996)

Health problems of the tribal are related to number of factors, which include illiteracy, ignorance of the disease and its prevention, poverty, poor nutritional status Poor environmental sanitation and poor personal hygiene, non-availability of safe drinking water, which make people

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more vulnerable to infections. Superstitions and beliefs add to the health problems and complicate the situation. Malnutrition leading to tuberculosis and goitre are major disease in tribals.Vomiting; diarrhoea and consequent dehydration are causes for death among infants and children. Skin diseases especially scabies and heat boils are common. 9. Effect of Jawahar Rojgar Yojana Programme during lean season on the Nutritional

Status of Women in Landless Labour Families of Drought prone areas (Uma Maheswari and Vijaya Khader – 2001)

The study was conducted in eight villages of four interior Mandals having low rainfall (500-750mm) in Ananthapur, a drought prone district of Andhra Pradesh. A household survey was conducted to screen the families having at least one women of child bearing age from the eight selected villages of the four Mandals. A total of 120 families were selected for the study of which 60 families were JRY beneficiary families’ where at least one member of the family was being employed under JRY scheme and 60 families were non-JRY beneficiary families. The study showed that the additional income gained by the landless labourer families during the lean season from Jawahar Rojgar Yojana (JRY) programme had beneficial effect on the nutritional status as assessed by the anthropometric measurements as well as clinical observations. The results indicated the past malnutrition status of the population in Ananthapur district because of the repeated and prolonged droughts 10. Effect of Jawahar Rojgar Yojana scheme during lean season on the Expenditure (Uma

Maheswari and Vijaya Khader –2001a)

A significant positive trend towards improvement in the quality of food taken by the landless labour families with the additional income generated through welfare programme i.e., Jawahar Rojgar Yojana in lean season as evinced by better food and non-food expenditure pattern of the JRY beneficiary families over the counterpart non JRY families in dry land and drought prone areas of Ananthapur district, Andhra Pradesh. 11. Coping mechanisms adapted for food security at household level in drought prone

areas of Ananthapur, Andhra Pradesh (Uma Maheswari & Vijaya Khader, 2003)

A study was carried out in eight villages of four interior Mandals having low rainfall (500-750 mm), in Ananthapur a drought prone district of Andhra Pradesh. Families having at least one women of child-bearing age were enumerated. Two rounds of survey were conducted to understand the difference in coping mechanisms operating between peak and lean seasons. The study centred around the empirical examination of eight major groups of coping mechanisms comprising of land, livestock, economic, food procurement and production, food consumption and distribution, food storage, social and health based mechanisms adapted by the families. The various economic activities under taken by the women in the study area included agriculture, agriculture labour, basket making, Beedee making, brick making, broom making, cattle rearing, firewood collection, flour mill, fodder collection, forest produce collection, goat / sheep rearing, laundering, mat weaving, non-agricultural labour, petty trade, pottery, poultry rearing, ring making, sericulture, tailoring, tamarind peeling, vegetable vending and weaving clothes etc. Most often children especially girls were involved in home based trades like groundnut shelling, beedi making, tamarind peeling etc. A few of the mechanisms were found to be beneficial and can be encouraged.

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12. Rural Women as Entrepreneurs in Mushroom Cultivation (Vijaya Khader, 1994)

Every woman is an entrepreneur as she manages, organizes and assures responsibility for running her house. It has been increasingly realized that women possess entrepreneurial talent which can be har nessed to create employment opportunities. In the rural areas a woman can easily manage 4-10 beds depending on the space available, helping them to earn Rs.180 to Rs.450 per month. The results of the studies revealed that spawn multiplication can be done by women as a co-operative venture and mushroom cultivation can be undertaken at household level as an income-generating activity. 13. Family income and nutritional status of pre-scholars’ in rural areas of Tenali Division

(Vijayakhader & Kavitha, 1993)

The increase in the annual per capita income of the family increased slightly the nutritional status of pre-scholars .The results also reveal that no significant difference was observed between the body weight of children and income of the parents in all the age group. In spite of having high purchasing power, lower educational status of the mothers and also low nutritional awareness, majority of the children are in Grade 1 degree malnutrition. 14. Transfer of home level preservative techniques of selective fruits and vegetables to

rural women in Guntur district (Vijaya Khader and Bharathi, 1994)

There was a significant, negative correlation between age of the respondents and gain in knowledge. There was a significant positive correlation of socio economic variables such as educational status, family income, and land holding on gain in knowledge. 15. Operational feasibility of RPO supplementation to pre-school children in Anganwadi

Centres of ICDS Project (Vijayakhader and Aruna, 2008)

Vitamin A deficiency causes many health problems especially among children. A study was undertaken to screen the effect of supplementation of Red Palm Oil (RPO) obtained from the fruits of tree Leis guineensis Jac. The oil is rich in β-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A. Supplementation of crude RPO to Anganwadi Children increased the attendance of children, increase in heights and weights of children. Decrease in Grade 11 and Grade 111 malnutrition was observed in respect of sex. 16. Impact of women’s supplementary income on families’ nutritional status (Vijaya Khader,

1999)

The Study was carried in 4 villages of Rajendranagar Mandal and Ranga Reddy District (Vegetable venders, Agarbathi labourers, Shopkeepers, Washers, Fruit venders, Tea and Snack workers .The results reveal that the supplementary income of women has a positive impact on socio-economic status of the family. This impact as felt on food and nutrition in take of the family.

17. Impact of dairy programme on the nutritional status of women and preschool children in Vihiga District, Kenya Africa (Mary Khakoni Walingo & Vijayakhader, 2000)

The dairy programme in Kenya has a significant impact on the overall improvement of the

family in specific to improving production, consumption and marketed surplus of milk. Food and

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nutrient intake and nutritional status of women and preschool children from participant households improved. The prevalence of under nutrition in pre school children in participant households was lower (1.7%) than that of children in non-participant households (2.9%). Stunting was 8.7 % and 21.4% in preschool children from participant and non- participant households respectively. Less percent (6.7%) of women in participant households had body mass index less than 18.5, wheras 7.3% of women from non- participant households fell below this cut-off point.

Success Stories

The National Agricultural Technology Project entitled Studies on Fisherwomen in coastal ecosystem of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Kerala explored the socio-economic status of fisherwomen and found the families wherein women are actively involved in one or other occupation has flourished and achieved all round development. Seven Fisherwomen (3 from Kerala; 2 from Karnataka and 2 from A.P) have attained the Training and Awareness from National Agricultural Technology Project, implemented in their places and enhanced their socio-economic status through various skill oriented training programmes and continuous day-to-day discussions with the Scientists. Impact of Research / Summary

Based on Vijayakhader work, Commissioner of Horticulture has issued the G.O. on unit cost for Oyster Mushrooms cultivation Rs. 70,000/- by NABARD and implemented from 1st August 1994 onwards (many people have availed the benefit) 41 families have established mushroom cultivation in Guntur, Prakasham and Krishna Districts of Andhra Pradesh; 10 families have taken fruit and vegetable processing at village level; 3 families have adopted the technology of Dehulling jowar and preparing value added products; 10 self-help groups have been organized at Karnataka and Kerala are mainly involved in various income generating activities. Mrs Laura Bush, the First Lady of USA had discussions with Mrs Khader on 3rd March 2006 for 2 hours on food processing, income generating activities and gender issues.

Alternative use of millets: The Deccan Development Society (DDS) NGO in Medak District, Andhra Pradesh are using the millet based recipies in feeding programme in 8 villages for Anganwadi children (3 to 5 years age). Technologies Developed ready for commercialization Entrepreneurship Technologies: Sorghum Food Enterprise / Geriatric Foods / Malted Infant Foods / High Fiber Vermicelli / Preservation of Palmyra Palm Fruit / Mushroom Cultivation. Knowledge Empowerment Technologies: Multipurpose fresh fish Vending & Display Table / Low Cost Ice-cream Freezer Value Addition Technologies: Value addition to Fruits / Value addition to Red Palm Oil / Fruit Powders / Horse gram Products & Soya Products. Recommendations / Suggestions

� Improve the Productivity & Profitability of Small holdings through appropriate technologies and market linkages

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� Encourage the scope for the growth of Agro Processing, Agro Industries and Agri Business

� Promote opportunities for the services sector to expand in a manner that will trigger the technological and economic up gradation of farm operations

� Start agri-clinics and agri business centers

� The home science graduates can pay particular attention to nutrition and food safety and

processing, and help a group of farm women to start food processing and health food parks

� Young Entrepreneurs for initiating programme in the phase of soil health enhancement, Plant and Animal Health Care, Seed Technology & Hybrid Seed production are several.

� Operate climate Risk Management Centers, are the path way to sustainable agriculture

and food security as well as agrarian prosperity.

To conclude Take science to women and women to science for country’s proper growth and development. References Vijayakhader & P.Ashlesh(1998) Home based low cost energy protein rich preparations using

Horse gram (Dolichos Biflorus) for vulnerable groups Indian Oil Palm Journal, Vol.VIII, No.46, pp.13-17

Vijayakhader & Umamaheswari (2012) to study the effect of feeding malted food on the nutritional status of vulnerable groups: accepted for publication in the International Journal for Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Research.

Yasoda Devi & Vijayakhader(2 004 )Therapeutic food supplementation in ICDS projects of Andhra

Pradesh ,Every man’s science Vol.39(3)160-167 Vijaya Khader, R.N. Kumar, J.Lakshmi, K.DhanapalH.M.Kasim,R.Sathiadas and N.s Sudhakar

(2004 )Studies on Fisher Women in the Coastal Eco System of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu ,World Fish centre, Global Symposium on Gender and Fisheries Seventh Asian Fisheries forum,P.No.69-79, Penang, Malaysia

Vijaya Khader, R. Sathiadhas and H. Mohammad Kasim ( 2005)Role of Women in Fisheries in Coastal Eco-System of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu; J. Res ANGRAU 33(1) 53-59

K. Uma Maheswari and Vijaya Khader (2001)Effect of Jawahar Rojgar Yojana Programme during lean season on the Nutritional Status of Women in Landless Labour Families of Drought prone areas – J.Dairying. Foods & H.S. 20 (1) : 58-61

Mary Khakoni Walingo and Vijayakhader (2000). Impact of Dairy programme on the Nutritional

status of women and pre-school children in Vihiga district --- (Ph.D. thesis)

Uma Maheswari K. and Vijaya Khader (2003) A study on coping mechanisms adopted for food security at Household level in Drought prone areas of Ananthapur, A.P., J. Research ANGRAU, 31(2)127-130.

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Uma Maheswari and Vijaya Khader (2001 a)Effect of Jawahar Rojgar Yojana scheme during lean season on the Expenditure (Food and Non-Food) pattern of Landless Labour Families in Drought prone areas of Ananthapur district, Andhra Pradesh – Economic Affairs, Vol.46, Qr.2, June.

Vijayakhader and Kavitha (1993) Anthropometric measurements of pre-school children in the rural

areas of Tenali division. Asian Journal of Psychology and Education. Vol.26 No.1-2, PP.35-40.

Vijayakhader and V.V. Bharathi (1994) Transfer of Home level preservative techniques of selective

fruit and vegetables to rural women in Guntur district. Asian Journal of Psychology and Education. Vol.27 No.3-4, PP.1-11.

Vijayakhader (1996) Studies on nutritional awareness of Mothers and Child mortality rate in selected urban slums and rural areas of Guntur district. The Andhra Agric.J.43 (2-4) 174-178.

Vijaya Khader (1999) Impact of Women’s supplementary incomes as families’ Nutritional status.

The Indian Journal Social Work, vol. 60(3) 368-378. Vijaya Khader (1994) Rural Women as Entrepreneurs in Mushroom Cultivation, Indian Farming,

March, 18-21. Vijayakhader and Aruna (2008) Operational feasibility of RPO supplementation to pre-school

children in Anganwadi centers of ICDs Project, Natural Product Radiance, and Vol.7 (4) pp 310-313.

Vijayakhader & Shoba( 2008) Effect of Iron enriched chewing gum/Bubble gum consumption on

Iron nutritional status of anemic adolescent boys & girls” Age range of 12-16 Yrs (under Process)

Vijayakhader, V.Vimala, G, Sarojini and P.Rajyalakshmi (1996) Tribal’s of Andhra Pradesh and

their Nutritional Status, Book published by Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30.

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SYMPOSIUM ON

“FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND HEALTH” SYM1-01

Functional Foods Applications through Life Span

Kalpagam Polasa Director-in-charge, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad 500007.

Email: fdtrc_kp@yahoo.com, kpolasa@yahoo.com

“Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food” is the saying by Hippocrates and is pertinent even after he said it 2500 years ago. The realization that attention to diet as part of a healthy lifestyle can reduce significantly the risk of disease and promote health has created a lucrative market for a whole range of new products called functional foods”, “nutraceuticals” or “novel foods”.

The main factors that led to the endorsement of the “functional food” concept are increasing life expectancy in developed countries, high health care costs, advances in food and ingredients technology, greater media coverage given to issues related to health.

Functional foods are defined as foods that provide additional physiological or health promoting benefits beyond the well established functions of nutrients contained in foods. The concept of functional foods is receiving considerable scientific and commercial attention because of its relationship to maintenance of health and prevention of disease. Some components other than the known nutrients found in natural foods, particularly plant foods (phytochemicals) were found to have specific health benefits. It should be borne in mind that intake of nutrients in terms of quality and quantity should match with the unique biochemical needs and genetic predisposition of the individual.

The term functional foods was first introduced in Japan in the mid 1980’s and refers to foods containing ingredients that aid specific body functions in addition to being nutritious. Japan in one country which has long time back formulated a specific regulatory approval process for functional foods as foods for specified health use (FOSHU).

Functional ingredients from Indian dietary component

Grains particularly the minor millets are source of fibre. The legumes like soybean contain isoflavones, lignins are present in whole grains, oil seeds. Fermented foods, curds and butter milk are rich source of probiotics. The spices and condiments have active principles which are considered as phytonutrients.

Nutrient requirements

Humans’ nutrient requirements and desirable dietary intakes are dependent on age, sex, other physiological status and occupation. Correction of deficits in nutrients requires external supplementation or fortified foods. The functional food market has developed all over the world to meet this new found demand for food supplements.

Substantiation of functional foods

The development and scientific substantiation of functional foods are linked with the discovery. There is a relationship between substantiation and acceptance of functional foods by

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consumers and regulatory authorities. The process of substantiation is complex requiring complementary approach to scientific validation of its composition, potential use and safety from identification to product formulation. The experimental design ranges from in vitro techniques, to in vivo animal studies and clinical studies.

The concept of “substantial equivalence” for assessing safety of a functional food can be

applied at molecular level, the organism level, the product level, the process level, the functional level and the dietary level. Three deferent classes of equivalence have been defined in guidelines for safety assessment.

Class I : Foods or food ingredients that are substantially equivalent to traditional reference food or ingredient. Class II : Foods or food ingredients that are sufficiently similar to a traditional reference food. Class III : Foods or food ingredients that are neither substantially equivalent nor sufficiently similar to a traditional reference food. Probiotics containing foods

These have emerged as the major nutritional factor primarily affecting the gastrointestinal physiology and function. Most commonly they are lactobacillus, lactobacillus acidophilus and biofidobacteria. Probiotics which facilitate the beneficial bacteria are also used in supplements.

Prebiotics are mostly oligosaccharides used as bifidogenic factors in fermented dairy

products to promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms. Besides prebiotic effects the major fructo-oligosaccharide invlin has physiological benefits in absorption of minerals, carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, immune functions, modulation of serum lipids and reduction of cancer risks. Many health benefits have been attributed to probiotics, including anti-carcinogenic hypo-cholesterolemic, immune function enhancement and antagonistic effects against enteric and other intestinal microorganisms. Products that contain pre and probiotics, referred to as synbiotics are popular in Europe. Traditional dairy products are good source of calcium, bioactive peptides, whey proteins, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) which possesses anti carcinogenic and immunologic properties.

Regulation of function food

Functional food do not possess clear cut legal definition. Quite often it is difficult to decide whether a new product should be labeled as food, supplement or drug. These categories are regulated differently in different countries. Most countries do not have standards for functional food and do not permit health claims. In India, many health supplements sold as Ayurvedic products. The functional foods, nutraceuticals, novel foods etc., are dealt in Chapter IV of the New food safety and standards Act, 2006. these products will be examined by the Scientific Panel of FSSAI.

Conclusion

Functional foods are those which can confer health benefits. The active ingredients present in these foods can be found in many of the foods consumed commonly by humans. They can be consumed by all categories of population in order to derive health benefits. Being component of natural diet they are safe human consumption. Both safety and efficacy studies have to be done for all functional foods. These foods cannot claim to cure or mitigate any disease or disorder in the label except for certain health benefits as may be permitted by the regulations under the FSSAI Act, 2006.

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Given below are some of the popular functional foods and their health benefits.

Functional Foods, Bioactive Constituents and Potential Health Benefits

Source Functional component Health benefit CEREALS Wheat bran Insoluble fibre Reduces risk of colon cancer

Oats Beta-glucan Reduces risk of colon cancer LEGUMES

Soya bean and soya based foods

Isoflavones Reduces menopausal symptoms, protects against heart disease and harmone dependent cancers

OIL SEEDS Flaxseed oil Omega-3 fatty acids Reduces risk of cardiovascular disease VEGETABLES Carrots Carotenoids Counteract free radicals reduces cancer

risk Source Functional component Health benefit

Cruciferous vegetables

Dithiolthiones Antioxidant & anti cancer properties

Alliums Diallylsulphide triallysmethyl sulphide, diallyl disulphide ajoene

Antioxidant anticancer hypocheolsterolemic properties

Psyllium Soluble fibre Reduces risk of colon cancer

Green leafy vegetables Beta-carotene, Lutein Antioxidant

Tomatoes Lycopene Reduces risk of certain cancers FRUITS Citrus d-limonene Anti-cancer property DAIRY PRODUCTS

Yogurt & other dairy products

Prebiotic and Probiotics Improves intestinal microflora, immune function

BEVERAGES Green tea Epigallocatechin gallate Reduces risk of cardiovascular disease and

certain cancers FISHES

Tuna, Soloman, Mackerel

Omega-3-fatty acids Reduces risk of cardiovascular disease

HERBS AND SPICES

Turmeric Curcumin Anti-inflammatory antioxidant, chemopreventor

Clove, Basil, Cinnamon Eugenol Antioxidant Ginger Gingerol

Shogol Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant

Fenugreek Galactomannan Hypocholesterolemic and Hypoglycaemic

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SYM1-02

Functional Foods of Importance in the Management of Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy – Biochemical Study in Relation to GBM Constituents

Paramahans V. Salimath

Dept. of Biochemistry & Nutrition, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore. Email: pvsalimath@cftri.res.in

Functional foods are basically defined as food or a food component which provides

potential health benefits apart from giving us basic nutrition. In recent years, functional foods are gaining importance as they provide health and wellness. The concept of functional foods is becoming increasingly popular with increase in awareness with respect to health and disease. The functional foods are an emerging field in food science, due to their increasing popularity among health conscious consumers and the ability of marketers to create new interest in existing products. Thus, functional foods have created an opportunity to economic growth for developing countries which are endowed with rich biodiversity and traditional knowledge of the health effects of many of the indigenous plant species.

Diet is believed to play an important role in major diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular

disease, cancer, obesity to name a few. Diabetes is known for its complications and one among them is diabetic nephropathy. During diabetic nephropathy, the Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) architecture is known to be altered. The basement membrane in the glomeruli of kidney is formed of heparan sulfate, laminin and type-IV collagen. The alterations in glomerular basement membrane architecture during diabetes have been systematically investigated.

Among the glycosaminoglycans, the heparan sulfate is the major glycosaminoglycan and

changes during diabetes are investigated. The studies could identify a novel Chondritin Sulfate (CS) / Dermatan Sulfate (DS) in kidney and a systematic study was carried out to investigate structural changes during diabetes. The content of CS / DS decreased significantly during diabetes. This was accompanied by decreasing CS / Heparan Sulfate ratio. Disaccharide composition analysis revealed fine structural changes especially with respect to E unit and degree of sulfation. The mRNA expression levels of major enzymes involved in the synthesis of E disaccharide unit were studied and a decrease was observed during diabetes. The changes in CS / DS had implications in binding to other ECM components. Changes in type IV collagen were also investigated.

Laminin is a large molecular weight glycoprotein and is complex with respect to antennary

structures of oligosaccharides. Laminin was isolated in pure form and homogeneity was ascertained. The N-linked oligosaccharides were isolated by PNGase digestion. The released oligosaccharides were end labeled with 2- anthranilic acid and fractionated by lectin affinity chromatography. Structural elucidation of the oligosaccharides was carried out by MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis and the results showed variations in the oligosaccharide sequence of laminin during diabetes.

In any form of management of diabetes, be with insulin or drugs, diet plays a very

important role. Foods having beneficial effects along with plants of medicinal value and phytochemicals present in plant kingdom are shown to have beneficial effect on diabetes and its complications like diabetic nephropathy. Beneficial effects of these as constituents functional foods will be discussed.

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SYM01-03

Biotechnologies in Functional Food Products: Science, Safety and Regulations

Vibha Ahuja General Manager, Biotech Consortium India Limited, New Delhi

Email: vibhaahuja@biotech.co.in , Vibhaahuja.bcil@nic.in The applications of modern biotechnology tools i.e. genetic engineering or recombinant

technology to food production presents new opportunities and challenges in view of its ability to genetically modify plants, animals and microorganisms with novel traits. Foods and food products derived from GM crops are being developed to improve shelf life, nutritional content, flavour and texture as well as agronomic and processing characteristics. GM crops have already entered the food stream in many parts of the world and large increases in acreages for a few GM crops have been observed over the last few years. The current generation of GM crops consists of crops modified for a handful of traits. However, keeping in view the ongoing research efforts in this area, significant increase is likely to be observed in next few years in availability of number and variety of GM food and food products in the market. At the same time there are increasing apprehensions and public concerns particularly about possible adverse effects of such products on human and animal health as well as possible impact on the environment . This has led to debates over the need for rigorous risk assessments before permitting release of any GM food products. To address the concerns of the public, regulatory frameworks have been introduced for safety assessment of GM foods even before first crop was developed.

This presentation will discuss issues related to science, safety and regulations of GM

foods.

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SYMPOSIUM ON

“TRADITIONAL AND NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES FOR NUTRITIONAL SECURITY”

SYM02-01

Safe Storage of Food Grains and Preservation to Meet Food Security

Ramesh V Bhat and S. Vasanthi, M11 Kakateeyanagar, Habshiguda, Hyderabad and National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad.

Email:rameshbhat44@yahoo.com, rameshvbhat@yahoo.com

Introduction: Food security is essential to meet national nutritional challenges. The entire food chain, from farm to plate including the system of food production, food procurement and the release and distribution of food need to be involved to ensure that all sections of the society have “access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life". One of the segments of this complicated system is the post harvest food storage which is an integral component of food security. Both traditional and novel technologies need to be utilized to achieve success. It is estimated that 65–70% of food grain produced in the country (Total production in 2011-2012 is 240 million tons of food grains and 17 million tones of pulses) is stored at domestic level. The rest is stored in warehouses. Total food grain procurement in India during 2009-2010 is 55.5.million tones including 29.7 tons of rice, 25.3 tons of wheat which is stored in godowns/ warehouses.

Foodgrain losses during storage: In India, the post-harvest losses of food grains are estimated to be more than 20 million tons per year, i.e. approximately 10% of the total food grains produced due to poor infrastructural facility and unscientific methodologies followed during storage .The loss in food grain during storage are due to primary causes such as biological, microbiological, chemical, biochemical, mechanical and physiological reasons or secondary causes such as inadequate drying, lack of storage facilities, and adequate transport and poor legislation which lead to primary causes. Contaminants arising due to improper storage, identified by the Government of India, in a recent report on warehousing, include mycotoxins (aflatoxins), insect infestation, pesticide residues such as malathion, monocrotophos, parathion ,phosalone and BHC (HCH) .

National initiatives for improving food grain storage and reduce losses: With a view to minimize storage and transit losses and to introduce modern technology, the Government of India had approved the National Policy on Bulk Handling, Storage & Transportation of food grains in the year 2000. Under this policy, integrated bulk handling & transportation facilities are to be created at identified locations in procuring & consuming areas through private sector participation on Build-Own-Operate basis. The warehousing capacity available in India, in public, cooperative and private sector is about 108.75 million MTs. It is estimated by the planning commission that additional 35 million MTs warehousing capacity is required during the 12th Five Year Plan period for the storage of all major crops. A working group on warehousing development and regulation for the 12th 5 year plan period (2012-2017) had recommended that a comprehensive “Post-Harvest Management Scheme at farm level” should be initiated by Government of India for minimizing

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post-harvest losses in food grains and other agricultural commodities covering incentives on purchase of scientific storage structures, purchase of pesticides for scientific storage, publicity programmes and stipendiary programme for farmers. Under the scheme, technology developed within the country and abroad for primary processing, value addition, low cost scientific storage/transport of food grains and oil seeds etc. shall be given a boost. The expected benefits envisaged include minimization of postharvest losses in food grains at farm level and improvement of quality food grains. �

Food safety concerns due to consumption of damaged grains: The consumption of food grains damaged during storage could lead to acute or chronic, major or minor health hazards. The most important among them are the recorded acute disease outbreaks in human caused by the consumption of maize heavily contaminated aflatoxin in India during 1974, Kenya in 1982, 2004 and 2005. It is estimated that the aflatoxin exposure through staples may play a causative role in 25,200–155,000 cases per year or 4.6–28.2% of all global hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) cases, which occur mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, South East Asia and China.

Mycotoxin contamination of staple grains such as maize, wheat, sorghum and rice is of considerable public health significance since the quantum of consumption is very high. Unlike maize, rice under normal conditions is not considered a high risk commodity to aflatoxin contamination but when exposed to heavy rains or high humidity could become more susceptible. Presence of damaged grains is an important factor for aflatoxin contamination. Recently the variety of rice PAU 201 developed for cultivation in Punjab was observed to contain damaged grains at levels exceeding the regulatory limits during storage in rice mills and thus not permitted for milling and subsequent public distribution. This resulted in retaining 40 lakh tonnes of the paddy in storage in rice mills and FCI godowns until it was shown that the retained paddy did not contain a food safety hazard such as aflatoxin at levels exceeding the prescribed Indian regulatory limits of 30 �g/kg. Majority of these samples contained less than 15 �g/kg which is the limit laid down by many developed countries as well as the Codex. However in 7/11 damaged rice grains collected from rice mills aflatoxin levels exceeded the regulatory limits of 30 �g/kg.� Since the results of the study indicated that the stored rice samples did not pose any health concern with respect to aflatoxin contamination as per the criteria laid down by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, the Government of India released the impounded paddy samples for milling and subsequent distribution for human consumption. The presence or absence of legal standards can affect the retention or rejection of a food for human use and setting a standard based on proper risk assessment is essential.�

Strategies for improving food grain storage structure and practices: The food grains are stored in traditional as well as in modern storage structures. A large number of traditional rural grain storage structures such as mud or paddy straw bins, improved structures such as coal tar drum bins, Pusa bin, domestic Hapur metal bin, made of locally available cheaper materials like mud, bamboo, wood, paddy and wheat straw and stones are found in India. There exists a vast amount of traditional knowledge to control insect pests while storing food grains. A study recently undertaken at the PAU Ludhiana has found that majority of the identified indigenous practices such as use of neem leaves during storage of grains, have scientific basis. The indigenous knowledge can form the basis for sustainable agriculture after standardization and validation. For

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bulk storage conventional godowns/warehouses, are being encouraged by the Government of India and as adhoc measure the system CAP (Cover and plinth) storage by the Food Corporation of India is being followed. The modern storage infrastructure in the shape of silos coupled with efficient, integrated and mechanized bulk handling, storage and transportation system was suggested by a working group of the Planning Commission. Coupled with the creation of agri-logistic parks with scientific storage facilities for agri-produce in Special Economic Zones (SEZs) areas it is expected better quality produce would be available to the consumers.

Various good practices such as Good Agricutural Practices, Good Storage practices, Good Hygiene Practices, Good Transport Practices are available for improving the quality of agricultural produce. Good agricultural practices (GAP) represent the primary line of defense against contamination of cereals with mycotoxins, followed by the implementation of good manufacturing practices (GMP) during the handling, storage, processing, and distribution of cereals for human food and animal feed. The Codex of the UN System has evolved codes of practices related to the prevention and contamination of contaminants such as mycotoxins and pesticide residues and have been summarized in a recent publication of the Codex.

The various recommendations to ensure safe and scientific storage include evolving Code of practices of scientific storage of agricultural and other commodities, careful selection of storage site, storage structure and proper aeration of grains, regular inspection of grain stock, cleaning and fumigation when required, providing training to staff engaged in warehousing activities , operationalizing “Post-Harvest Management Scheme at farm level” covering incentives on purchase of scientific storage structures, purchase of pesticides for scientific storage, publicity programmes and stipendiary programme for farmers, implementing Good Practices including GAP, developing quick, affordable and accurate test kits and associated sampling plans and developing procedures to properly handle, through segregation, reconditioning, recall or diversion, cereal crops that may pose a threat to human and/or animal health. The just released FAO/IFAD/WFP State of Food Insecurity in the world 2011 report calls for reducing food waste in developed countries through education and policies, and reduce food losses in developing countries by boosting investment in the entire value chain, especially post-harvest processing. The use of improved small-scale storage technologies reduces post-harvest losses and also provides a buffer against price shocks that “would reduce the potential for panic-driven surges in demand and is recommended as the most important way to reduce the risk facing farmers”.

SYM02-02

Radiation Preservation of Food & Nutritional Security

A.K. Sharma Outstanding Scientist, Head, Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,

&Senior Professor, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai- 400 085, India. Email: ksarun@barc.gov.in

Assuring adequate food security to citizens of the country requires deployment of strategies for augmenting agricultural production while reducing post-harvest losses. Appropriate post-harvest processing, handling, storage and distribution practices are as important as the efforts to increase productivity for sustained food security, food safety and international trade in agricultural commodities.

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Preservation of food by ionizing radiation

Preservation of food by ionizing radiation involves controlled application of energy of ionizing radiation such as gamma rays, X-rays, and accelerated electrons to agricultural commodities, food products and ingredients, for improving their storage life, hygiene and safety. The process employs either gamma rays emitted by radioisotopes such as cobalt-60 or high-energy electrons or X-rays generated from machine sources.

Technological benefits

Major technological benefits that can be achieved by radiation processing of agricultural commodities and food include:

• Disinfestation of insect pests in stored products • Disinfestation of quarantine pests in fresh produce • Delay in ripening and senescence in fruits and vegetables • Inhibition of sprouting in tubers, bulbs and rhizomes • Destruction of microbes responsible for food spoilage • Elimination of parasites and pathogens of public health importance in food

Advantages of radiation processing of food

Preservation of food by ionizing radiations offers several advantages. These advantages accrue from the high penetration power of the ionizing radiation and the cold nature of the processing.

• Radiation processing is a physical and non-additive process • It is highly effective and causes minimal changes in food • The process is safe to workers and eco-friendly • It leaves no harmful residue on material • The treatment can be applied to pre-packed commodities • It is a cold process • Does not destroy fresh-like nature, and heat-labile aroma constituents of food

Wholesomeness and safety aspects

No other method of food processing has been subjected to such a thorough assessment of safety as the radiation processing. The various aspects of wholesomeness and safety of radiation-processed foods have been studied in great detail. These include: • Possibility of induced radioactivity • Microbiological safety • Safety of chemical changes • Nutritional adequacy • Animal feeding studies • Human trials

At the energies of gamma rays from cobalt-60 and those recommended for X-rays and accelerated electrons, no induction of radioactivity is possible in atoms constituting food. The microbiological, nutritional and chemical aspects of radiation-processed foods have been studied

� 43

in detail around the world. None of these studies have indicated that foods preserved by radiation pose any special problems.

Food processing methods in general tend to result in some loss of nutrients, and food irradiation is no exception. Nutritional changes in food attributable to irradiation are similar to those resulting from thermal processing or long term storage. Radiation induced changes in nutritional value depend on a number of factors including radiation dose, temperature and atmosphere during irradiation, packaging and storage conditions. In general, the proximate composition (protein, lipid and carbohydrate) and mineral composition do not change. However, loss of certain vitamins during irradiation can take place and has been studied in detail in a variety of foods. Different types of vitamins vary in sensitivity to radiation. Some vitamins such as riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin D, are fairly resistant to radiation but vitamins A, B1 (thiamine), E and K are relatively sensitive. Their sensitivity depends on the type of food, solubility in water or fat, and the atmosphere in which irradiation is carried out. In general, the effects of irradiation on nutritional value of foods are insignificant at low doses up to 1 kGy, but may be increase at higher doses. At high doses losses of sensitive vitamins such as thiamine may be significant. Vitamin losses can be reduced by using low temperatures and air exclusion during processing and storage.

International Approval

In 1980, a joint FAO/IAEA/WHO Expert Committee on Food Irradiation (JECFI) reviewed the extensive data on wholesomeness of irradiated foods collected up to that time and concluded that irradiation of any commodity up to an over all dose of 10 kGy (1 Gy is 1 joule of energy absorbed per kg of food) presents no toxicological hazards and introduces no special nutritional or microbiological problems. Soon after, in 1983 Codex Alimentarius Commission, a body under FAO that sets standards for food world-wide, approved use of radiation for food processing bringing out Codex General Standard for Irradiated Foods. Another Expert Group, constituted by WHO in 1994, once again reviewed the wholesomeness data available till that year and validated the earlier conclusion of JECFI. In 1997, one more Expert Group constituted by WHO, affirmed the safety of food irradiated at doses above 10 kGy. In 2003 Codex Alimentarius Commission revised its Codex General Standard for Irradiated Foods to include application of doses higher than 10 kGy.

Agreements on Sanitary and Phytosnitary (SPS) Practices and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) under the World Trade Organization (WTO) have provided for adoption of irradiation as an SPS measure in international trade under the principle of equivalence. Thus, irradiation can be applied to overcome quarantine barriers, and to hygienize products for international trade. These agreements are administered under the standards, guidelines, and recommendations of the international organizations such as Codex Alimentarius Commission, International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), and The International Office of Epizootics. The governments that impose regulations stricter than those recommended by the above organizations would be required to justify their positions to the WTO. This should encourage application of radiation for improving international trade in agro products among the WTO member states. In 2003 IPPC included irradiation as a plant quarantine measure. This was subsequently followed by a final regulation introduced by USDA-APHIS, ‘irradiation phytosanitary treatment of imported fruits and vegetables’. Australia and New Zealand have also amended their food standard, FSANZ, allowing import of

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radiation treated tropical fruits and vegetables. USFDA has further gone ahead with providing key approvals that would benefit radiation-processing industry.

Approval of radiation processing of food in India

In 1986, the Government of India set up a National Monitoring Agency to oversee commercial application of radiation processing of food. In 1991 the Atomic Energy Act was amended and Atomic Energy (Control of Irradiation of Food) rules were notified. In 1994, Government of India amended Prevention of Food Adulteration Act (1954) Rules and approved irradiation of onion, potato and spices for domestic market. Additional items were approved by notifications published in 1998 and 2001. In 2004, on the request of BARC, Ministry of Agriculture & Co-operation, Government of India, amended the plant quarantine regulations and published, ‘Plant Quarantine (Regulation of Import into India) Order, 2003’, to include irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment. This enabled in February 2006 signing of a Frame Work Equivalence Work Plan agreement between USDA-APHIS and the Ministry, that set in motion the process for using radiation as a phytosanitary treatment of mango for export to US.

Technology Demonstration Units

In India commercial food irradiation could be carried out in a facility licensed to do so. The license could be obtained after fulfilling the requirements of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB). The department of Atomic Energy has set up two technology demonstration units in India. The Radiation Processing Plant at Vashi, Navi Mumbai, is a 30-ton per day capacity unit capable of delivering medium and high doses mainly for treatment of spices, dry vegetable seasonings like onion flakes, and pet foods. Board of Radiation & Isotope Technology (BRIT) is operating the plant since January 2000.

KRUSHAK (Krushi Utpadan Sanrakshan Kendra), Lasalgaon, was set up in 2002 by Food Technology Division, BARC, as a technology demonstration facility for low dose applications of radiation such as control of sprouting in onion and potato, insect disinfestation of cereals, pulses, their products, spices and quarantine treatment of fresh fruits and vegetables. KRUSHAK became the first cobalt-60 gamma irradiation facility in the world, outside US, to be certified by USDA-APHIS for phytosanitary treatment of mango, enabling export of mango from India to the US after a gap of 18 years in 2007. This year 220 tons of mango were exported to USA.

Commercial prospects in India

In India radiation processing of food can be undertaken both for export and domestic markets. For export food could be processed for shelf-life extension, hygienization, and for overcoming quarantine barriers. India is well known for its export of rice, basmati and non-basmati, seafood, spices, meat and poultry and to some extent onion. Radiation processing can be used for restructuring costs of bulk commodities in export markets, and for selling value added packaged commodities directly in retail markets. India has one of the world’s largest domestic markets. Huge quantities of cereals, pulses, their products, fruits and vegetables, seafoods and and spices are procured, stored, and distributed throughout the length and breadth of the country. During storage and distribution grains worth of thousand of crores of rupees are wasted due to insect infestation and related problems. Radiation processing can be used for storage of bulk and consumer packed commodities for retail distribution and stocking.

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SYM02-03

Application of Nanotechnology for Food Safety and Quality Assessment

M.S. Thakur Chief Scientist and Head, Fermentation Technology and Bioengineering, CSIR -Central Food

Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020 INDIA Email: msthakur@cftri.res.in, msthakur@yahoo.com

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology are widely seen as having huge potential to many areas

of scientific research (such as physics, chemistry, material sciences, biology, engineering) and technological applications (such as healthcare and life sciences, energy and environment, electronics, communications and computing, manufacturing & materials) because of its nano-scale where the materials’ properties are significantly different from those of the same materials in bulk or macroscopic form. Nanotechnology has a multidisciplinary character, affecting multiple traditional technologies, scientific disciplines and industries. Additionally, through the nanotech revolution, boundaries between previously distinctive disciplines such as mechanics and chemistry begin to blur, stimulating knowledge transfer and cross-fertilization. Many scientists believe that nanomaterials will induce a new generation of consumer products, based on miniaturized computer chips, nanoscale sensors, and devices for sorting DNA molecules, integrating Microsystems and biotechnology. An important feature of nanotech is that it is not restricted to the realm of advanced materials, extending also to manufacturing processes, biotechnology and pharmacy, electronics and IT, as well as other technologies.

Nanoparticles have been extensively used for targeted drug and gene delivery and pharmaceutical applications. In food and agricultural sector they may be applied to smart delivery of nutrients, bioseparation of proteins, rapid sampling of biological and chemical contaminants and nanoencapsulation of nutraceuticals (Sozer and Kokini, 2008). They may also be used in food packaging where the hybrid nanostructured materials produced provide improved mechanical, thermal and gas barrier properties (Alexandre et al., 2001; Li et al., 2001; Jakubinek et al., 2006; Khare and Deshmukh, 2006; Darder et al., 2007). The use of nanoparticles can help in the production of biodegradable packaging films, thus the shelf life of the product can be obtained with limited use of plastics. Bioactive packaging materials can also be produced where bioactive compounds like pre-biotics, probiotics, encapsulated vitamins or bioavailable flavonoids are released in a controlled manner in the food product (Sozer and Kokini, 2008).

Silver nanoparticles are considered to be the new generation of antimicrobials which bind to the bacterial cell wall and cell membrane and inhibit the respiratory process (Klasen, 2000). Inorganic composites are used ad preservatives in various products (Gupta and Silver, 1998) and water filteration (Jain and Pradeep, 2005). Siver zeolite is used in food preservation disinfection and decontamination of products (Matsuura et al., 1997; Nikawa et al., 1997).

Nanoparticles are used for design of biosensors for the detection of pathogens, nutrients,

flavours and odours, chemical contaminants such as pesticides etc. and chemicals released during the food spoilage (Figure 1) (Sozer and Kokini, 2008). Time is of prime importance in food microbiology and there is a growing demand for the on-line monitoring of food borne pathogen in the food industries. Hence various rapid detection techniques using the nanoparticles have been developed. They reduce the time for detection are also highly sensitive and accurate. These

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nanosensors maybe directly placed in the food packaging materials where they will act as ‘electronic tongue’ or ‘noses’ by detecting chemicals released during food spoilage (Lange et al., 2002; Garcia et al., 2006). Other types of nanosensors are based on the microfluidics devices (Baeummer, 2004) that can also detect pathogens efficiently with high accuracy. A major advantage of microfluidic sensors is their miniature format and their ability to detect compounds of interest rapidly in only microliters of required sample volumes, which has already led to widespread applications in medical, biological and chemical analysis (Vo-Dinh et al., 2001; Mabeck and Malliaras, 2006). Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) technology could be used in food quality-control devices because they consist of advanced transducers for specific detection of chemical and biochemical signals (Ritter, 2005). Nanocantilevers are another innovative class of biosensors. Their detection principle is based on their ability to detect biological-binding interactions, such as between antigen and antibody, enzyme and substrate or cofactor and receptor and ligand, through physical and/or electromechanical signalling (Hall, 2002). They consist of tiny pieces of silicon-based materials that have the capability of recognizing proteins and detecting pathogenic bacteria and viruses (Kumar, 2006). Nanocantilever devices have already had tremendous success in studies of molecular interactions and in the detection of contaminant chemicals, toxins and antibiotic residues in food products (Ramirez, 2006). Pathogen detection is based on their ability to vibrate at various frequencies in dependence on the biomass of the pathogenic organisms. Gfeller et al. were able to detect Escherichia coli, which is an indicator of fecal pollution of water and food products, with the help of a cantilever coated with agarose (Gfeller et al., 2005). Apart from these methods nanoparticles are extensively used for the designing of immunoassays and immunosensors. They also use the binding capacity of antigens to specific antibodies as the basis for detection.

Figure: 1 Different types of nanosensors and their applications in food sector. Food and environmental safety is a prime concerned of modern human society. The

economy of India is mainly depending on agriculture. The green revolution achieved in India has been possible only because of the effective management of land and water resources along with inputs like fertilizers and pesticides. The increasing use of pesticides/herbicides/insecticides in recent years for achieving higher agricultural yields has posed considerable problems in general health programs. These organic toxins enter animals and human beings directly as well as

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indirectly through the food chain or drinking water. The high toxicity of organophosphorus neurotoxins and their large use in modern agriculture practices has generated public concerns.

Short duration exposure of these pesticides can potentially create health hazards. Thus,

there is a need for the detection of these pesticides at high sensitive level with fast, reliable and economically feasible analytical technique. Biosensor is an alternative tool to detect the pesticide at sensitive level with rapidly and cost effectiveness. There is also a need to develop a simple dipstick technique having field applicability and rapidity for the detection of food toxins like pesticides.

Nano-biotechnology has advanced in the field of biosensor through the use of novel

materials such as gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes and quantum dots (QD). Small size, high photo-stability and size tunable emission properties make QD highly attractive materials in the field of biological analysis allowing high sensitivity and rapid analysis. These particles can be synthesized by physical as well as chemical processes. The recent widespread interest in semiconductor quantum dots is due largely to their distinct optical properties. Studies on the immobilization of antibodies on Nanoparticles to detect pesticides, toxins and pathogens have recently been reported by our group at CFTRI, Mysore India.

Biosensor devices are emerging as one of the foremost relevant diagnostic tools for food,

clinical and environmental monitoring due to their rapidity, specificity, ease of mass fabrication, economics and field applicability. They obtain their specificity from biological binding reaction, which is derived from a range of interactions that include antigen/antibody, enzyme/ substrate/ cofactor, receptor / ligand, chemical interactions and nucleic hybridization in combination with a range of transducers. The global biosensor market is now worth nearly $7000m a year and offers immense potential for advancement and expansion.

In our laboratory, studies are being conducted on the detection of pesticides, toxins,

pathogens and target DNA molecules by novel fluorescence immunoassays and DNA hybridisation techniques by integrating nanotechnology using quantum dots and gold and silver nanoparticles.

Nanobiosensors for invitro monitoring:

• Immunosensors:

Immunological methods rely on specific binding of an antibody (monoclonal, polyclonal or engineered) to an antigen. Detection of specific microorganisms and microbial toxins requires immobilization of specific antibodies onto a given transducer that can produce signal upon attachment of typical microbe/microbial toxins. Inherent features of immunosensors such as specificity, sensitivity, speed, ease and on-site analysis can be made use for various applications.

Gold nanoparticles based immunosensors and immunoassays are very accurate in terms

of specificity, simplicity, sensitivity and reliability. Many different types of detection systems have been designed for the efficient and speedy detection of pesticides and toxins. We have developed one-step gold nanoparticles based dipstick ( Figure 1) competitive immunoassay for the rapid qualitative detection of pesticides at nanogram level (ppb).

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Figure 1: Detection of pesticides using gold nanoparticles based immunoassay.

Extensive work has been carried out at CFTRI to developed a lateral-flow based dipstick immunoassay for the rapid screening of the pesticides in water ( Figure 2).

Figure 2: Schematic diagram of an immunochromatographic dipstick assay for Methyl parathion ( MP) pesticide detection.

Lateral flow based dipstick was developed using nitrocellulose membrane. Anti-MP antibody was immobilized at the test line of the detection zone. The immunoassay was based on the competitive inhibition where the hapten-protein-gold conjugate competes with free MP for limited anti-MP antibody binding sites. Here hapten is a derivative of MP and bovine serum albumin is used as a carrier protein. The limit of detection was found to be upto 0.1 ppb

QD based Fluorescence immunoassays (FIA):

Quantum dots can be used as suitable labels for the imaging of the immunoassays for the detection of small biomolecules (biomarkers of pesticide exposure) because of their photo stability permits prolonged exicitation for image observation and optimization. The spectral properties of quantum dots allow the multi-analyte detection of the targets. A reliable and rapid method for analysis and detection of herbicide 2,4-D and insecticide methyl parathion ( MP) have been developed using cadmium telluride quantum dot nanoparticle (CdTe QD). Fluoroimmunoassay based on the fluorescent property of quantum dot was used along with immunoassay to detect 2,4-D and MP. Initially 2,4-D and MP were conjugated to alkaline phosphatase and BSA

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respectively which were further conjugated to CdTe capped with mercaptopropionic acid. The conjugation was carried out using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and a coupling reagent like N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS).

Anti-2,4-D and MP IgG antibodies were immobilized in an immunoreactor column using Sepharose CL-4B as an inert matrix. The detection of 2,4-D and MP was carried out by fluoroimmunoassay-based biosensor using competitive binding. It was possible to detect 2,4-D upto 250 pg/mL and MP up to 100pg/mL.

[(1) Sample inlet, (2) peristaltic pump, (3) Immunoreactor column, (3a) glass capillary

column, (3b) Immobilized anti-2,4-D antibodies, (3c) 2,4-D, (3d) 2,4-D-ALP-CdTeconjugate, (3e) unbound 2,4-D-ALP-CdTe conjugate, (4) polystyrene tubing, (5) Sample collection point] PATHOGENS BIOSENSORS

Detection, identification and quantification of microbial pathogens are crucial for public health protection. Clinical diagnosis, water and environmental analysis, food safety and defence are some of the areas where detection of microbial pathogens plays a crucial role. The traditional methods used for their detection are polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture and colony counting, immunological techniques and fluorescence based assays using organic dye molecules. Although these methods have been found to be highly accurate, sensitive and error-proof, they are laborious and time consuming, require skill personnel and sophisticated equipments and sometimes do not give the required detectability and specificity towards the target. Also they require pre-enrichment or amplification and hence due to all these reasons the analysis cost goes very high.

As the micro-organisms evolve rapidly and can grow and produce toxins at a very fast rate even under stress conditions, there is need for the development of rapid detection techniques that are reliable, fast, user-friendly, and inexpensive and can be used on-line or on-field.

Recent research and development of nanoparticles and biosensor techniques for application in bioanalysis have helped greatly in the design of sensitive and label-free detection of food borne pathogens and their toxins in unprocessed and complex food samples. The specific recognition of target organism is done with help of nano-biorecognition technology, in which the nanoparticles are bio-functionalized by conjugation with a biomolecule. The biomolecules act as analytical devices and maybe tissues, micro-organisms, organelles, cell receptors, enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, natural products, biologically derived materials such as recombinant antibodies, engineered proteins, aptamers etc. or a biomimic such as synthetic catalysts, combinatorial ligands, imprinted polymers etc.

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Though immunosensors are more effective than other biosensors because of their specificity, versatility, flexibility and their ability for real-time detection, immunoassays and microarrays are the referred detection techniques because of they are less expensive and more cost effective and also large throughputs can be obtained. Work on the applications of anaoparticles to detect pathogens are being carried out.

SYM02-04

The Nutritional and Functional Qualities of Different Ritualistic Food Preparations

Offered to Deities on Different Indian Festivals and Rituals

Rani Sadasiva Murty Associate Professor, Department of Sahitya,

Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, TIRUPATI - 517507. Email: ranisadasivamurty@yahoo.com

Right from the Vedic times the concept of FOOD has a lot of significance in the Indian way of living. The ancient seers, the first generation scientists of the world, had a lot of awareness of different kinds of foods and their nutritional and functional qualities. “Food is not for just eating but for a noble living” was the notion of those great seers.

In ancient India Cooking was given a great importance. It was one of the most practical sciences of age old legacy. Observation, experimentation and deduction or induction for preparation of scientific principles are all the three requisites of science found in this science of Cookery. Hence it was called “Paka Sastra”. As the methods of cooking, the cooked items and the way of garnishing them are all very much pleasing to eyes and heart Cookery is considered to be an art also. Hence it was in those times called “Suda Kala”. The terms “Paka” and “Suda” are synonymous.

Bharjana, Talana, Svedana, Pacana, Kvathana, Taandura and Putapaaka are the seven types of cooking in ancient Indian science of Cookery. Bhakshya, Bhojya, Carvya, Cushya, Lehya and Peya are the six types food preparations. All the possible food preparations are of three fold categories: a) With Raw ingredients, b) Cooked foods and c) Fruits and roots.

In the Indian Traditional Festivals and Rituals foods play a very prominent role. Different kinds of food preparations are offered to the GODs and GODDESSES in the name of Naivedyam. These preparations vary from festival to festival and season to season.

In the present paper it is proposed to give an analysis of Nutritional and Functional Qualities of the following festival preparations on different festive occasions.

Some Ritualistic Preparations:

1. New year’s Nibakusuma Bhakshanam 2. Mudgadalamisram and Panakam on Sri Ramanavami, 3. Foods recommended for Caturmasya Vrata, 4. Modakams during Vinayaka caturthi, 5. Different rice preparations during Navaratris, 5. Offerings of Umachandravrata, 6. Naga chaturthi Prasadam, 7. Foods for Dhanurmasa, 8.Havis in Yajnas and 10. Hot and sweet Apupas in Pitr Sraddhas

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YOUNG SCIENTISTS’ AWARDS SESSION - 1

SENIOR AND JUNIOR AWARD IN COMMUNITY NUTRITION Date : 16th November 2012 Time : 02.00 pm – 04.40 pm

SENIOR AWARD IN COMMUNITY NUTRITION

Code No. Name Title of Presentation

SACN-01 P. Savitha Dept. of Food Service Management and Dietetics Avinashilingam Deemed University for Women Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

Gestational Glycemia and Maternal and Foetal Outcome

SACN-02 Peter Angeline Jeyakumar Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Pune Pune, Maharashtra

Effect of Nutrition Education on Nutritional Knowledge about Anemia and Selected Dietary Practices of Adolescent Girls

SACN-03 Mini Joseph Dept. of Home Science Government College for Women Trivandrum, Kerala

Profile Study of 300 Sportspersons from South India and Development of a Tool to Assess their Nutritional Status

JUNIOR AWARD IN COMMUNITY NUTRITION

Code No. Name Title of Presentation

JACN-01 T. Amaravathi Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition Home Science College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Madurai

Evaluation of Nutritional Status of the Women Employed in Seafood Processing Units

JACN-02 G. G. Kavitha Shree

Dept. of Family Resource Management, Home Science College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Madurai

Multidisciplinary Interventions for Treating Paediatric Obesity

JACN-03 Harshita Gupta Dept. of Pulmonary Medicine King George’s Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. India

Association of Nutritional Factors with Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome

JACN-04 Shuchismita Behera Nutrition Division Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research) Bhubaneswar, India

Association of Sub-Clinical Vitamin A Status with Malnutrition, Anemia and Infection in Children in Rural Bhubaneswar

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JACN-05 Arushi Jain Dept. of Food and Nutrition Lady Irwin College University of Delhi, New Delhi

Intake of Selected Food Additives Among Teenagers (13-19 Years Old) of Delhi

JACN-06 S. Subhashree Dept. of Home Science St. Teresa’s College Ernakulam, Kerala

Household Food Security of Families Below Poverty Line in Coastal Areas of Cochin - Its Impact on Women and Children

JACN-07 Prabha Bisht Dept. of Home Science Government Degree College Uttarakhand

Impact of Comic Based Nutrition Education Literature on the Health and Nutrition Knowledge of Primary School Children of Garhwal Hill.

JACN-08 N. Deepa

Dietitian Shree Sudharson Hospitals Vannarpet, Tirunelveli District. Tamil Nadu

Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women and Effect of Nutrition Counselling on their Nutrition Knowledge

JACN-09 R. Kalpana Dept. of Home science IGNOU, Regional Centre, Mount Caramel College, Bangalore India.

The Prevalence of Weight Imbalance Among School Children of Age 6-7 Years – A Comparative Study Between Two Metros.

JACN-10 Netravati M. Yattinamani Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition Rural Home Science College University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad. Karnataka, India.

Breakfast Consumption Pattern and Its Impact on Nutritional Status of Adolescents of Dharwad Taluk

JACN-11 Rakesh K Nayak Dept. of Community Medicine KLE University’s Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Belgaum, Karnataka, India

Comparison of Undernutrition Among Children Aged 1-5 Years Using World Health Organization and National Centre for Health Statistics Standards

JACN-12 Shunmukha Priya, S. Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

Impact of Raising Kitchen Garden and Nutrition Education on Iron and Vitamin A Nutriture of Adolescents

JACN-13 Chingriyo Raihing Dept. of Food Service Management and Dietetics Avinashilingam Institute of Home Science and Higher Education For Women Coimbatore, India

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Osteoporosis Among Postmenopausal Women in Manipur

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SENIOR AWARD IN COMMUNITY NUTRITION

SACN-01

Gestational Glycemia and Maternal And Foetal Outcome

Savitha P and Uma Mageshwari. S Dept. of Food Service Management and Dietetics,

Avinashilingam Deemed University for Women, Coimbatore Email: psavitha15@gmail.com

The exponential increase in the rate of diabetes in pregnancy (Gestational diabetes mellitus –

GDM) is a health care burden and there is a compulsion to study the rates of the adverse foetal and neonatal outcomes. The objective of this study is to identify women with Gestational Glycaemia and study the maternal and foetal outcome in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus(PGDM). About 500 pregnant women (n=500) reporting to antenatal outpatient Dept. of a private hospital at Chennai were selected on the basis of stratified sampling and monitored throughout their gestational period. The maternal socio-demographic characteristics and biochemical assessment namely estimation of blood glucose and HbA1c was recorded. One hundred pregnant women (n=100) who had delivered babies during the study period were taken as a subsample to study the maternal outcome like parity, gestational period, mode of delivery and post partum blood glucose. Their foetal outcome like weight of the baby, gestational age, anthropometric measures, complications and neonatal blood glucose was recorded. The outcome of the study was statistically analyzed using independent ’t’ test and Pearson correlation to find the significance in the outcome between the groups. The findings of the study revealed that, of the hundred, 77 mothers had GDM and 23 mothers had PGDM prevalent in them. The PGDM mothers had increased hyperglycaemia compared to GDM mothers and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Women with PGDM had greater risk of unfavourable pregnancy outcome than GDM. The study emphasizes the fact that frequent monitoring and strict glycaemic control reduces both maternal and foetal complications.

SACN-02

Effect of Nutrition Education on Nutritional Knowledge about Anemia and Selected Dieatry Practices of Adolescent Girls

Angeline Jeyakumar1, P.S. Ghugre2

1Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Pune, 2Dept. of Post-Graduate Studies in Home Science, SNDT Women’s University, Mumbai

Email. angejp@unipune.ac.in

Iron deficiency Anaemia (IDA) among adolescent girls is a major public health problem. Poor awareness being a primary cause, empowering adolescents with nutritional knowledge may provide answers to IDA. The objectives of the present study were, to assess the knowledge gaps, to develop and test an education module for anaemia prevention, and to test its effectiveness in improving nutritional knowledge and selected dietary practices. Unmarried adolescent girls N= 565, both school going and non school going, age 16-18 years from the urban slums of Pune City, Maharashtra, India, were recruited for needs assessment. A pre-tested education module was used to intervene 338 participants. A total of 136 sessions were conducted for seventeen groups in eight different slums. Knowledge scores were recorded pre and post at four points after

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intervention. Changes in selected dietary practices were studied using food frequency questions and a 24 hour diet recall. Assessment of knowledge gaps revealed that only 14.5% knew or heard about anaemia. General nutrition questions were rightly answered by >50% of the participants. Specific questions derived incorrect responses by > 50%. More than 70% had the right attitude towards health. Baseline dietary practices revealed breakfast was not consumed by 46.5%, and tea was taken with breakfast by 53%. Nutrition education improved the post-test scores significantly (p=0.00) in all domains as analysed by McNemer’s test. Specific dietary practices like intake of breakfast and frequency of vitamin C rich foods showed significant increase. No change was observed in the intake of green leafy vegetables. The newly developed intervention module was effective in improving nutrition knowledge scores of participants and specific dietary practices post intervention.

SACN-03

Profile Study of 300 Sportspersons from South India and Development of A Tool to Assess their Nutritional Status

Mini Joseph1 and Prema L2

1Dept. of Home Science, Govt. College for Women, Kerala, India. 2Retd. Prof Nutrition, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala

Email:minijoseph66@yahoo.in

India has been providing a major thrust for sports development. However a tool for evaluation of a large number of sportspersons is lacking. Based on interaction with experts in the field of Sports and Nutrition, indices were developed using easily applicable parameters derived from a review of published literature. This was validated on 300 purposively selected top sportspersons (13-25 years) hailing from the States of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The majority were State or National level players participating in team and track events. Of them, 70% were males. Physical Quality of Life Index, (PQLI) showed a significant difference between the players. There was positive correlation between Sports participation score and food use frequency score. The quality of food and fluid (32%) intake was inadequate according to RDA. Forty eight percent had a poor health score, with athletes scoring the lowest. Sports injuries were present in 43% and eating disorders in 9%. One fourth of the sportswomen had irregular menstruation. The Nutritional Status Index, (NSI) computed from the dietary, health and anthropometric variables could be a potential differentiator indicating the overall health of this population. The study revealed an unexpectedly high incidence of malnutrition that was more amongst the sportswomen. The present study throws light on the profile of our top sportspersons and the urgent need to provide focused medical and nutritional care to our sportspersons so that they emerge from the shadows and bring greater laurels to our country.

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JUNIOR AWARD IN COMMUNITY NUTRITION

JACN-01 Evaluation of Nutritional Status of the Women Employed in

Seafood Processing Units

Amaravathi. T1, M.R.Premalatha1, P.Parimalam2 1Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition and 2Dept. Family Resource Management, Home Science College

and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai. Email: amarfsn@gmail.com

This study was carried out in the Seafood Processing Unit at Tuticorin District of Tamil

Nadu. Two hundred and forty four seafood women workers randomly selected from four seafood processing unit and surveyed about the demographic information, nutrient intake. The mean work hours and work experience was 9.96±.88 and 4.1±4.55 years respectively. The mean intake of energy, protein, fat and iron was 1736.8±227.4 (Kcal), 45.41±7.15 (g), 22.1±3.65 (g) and 17.61±3.97 (mg) respectively. The dietary survey indicated that all the women had lesser energy consumption and 90% had lesser amount of protein against the RDA. More than eighty per cent of the workers had lower fat consumption. Eighty three per cent of the seafood women workers consumed diets that were deficient in iron. The mean body mass index was 20.63±3.58. Regarding the nutritional status 52.9 % normal, 29% underweight, 9.4 % obese 1 category, 5.7 % and 2.9 % in the obese two and morbid obesity respectively. A sub-sample of 50 seafood women workers was selected for biochemical analysis. It was noticed that mean Hb level were 11.20± .91g/dl and mean level of total protein were 8.14±.41g. Chi square test revealed that the highly significant relationship between iron intake and haemoglobin levels, total protein and protein intake and BMI and macronutrients except protein.

JACN-02

Multidisciplinary Interventions for Treating Pediatric Obesity

Kavitha Shree. G. G, M.R.Premalatha, T.Padmini, M.R.Duraisamy and J.Pushpa Home Science College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai.

E-Mail: kavikarthikfsn@gmail.com

This study was undertaken to understand the beneficial effect of a multidisciplinary dietary-behavioural-physical intervention on childhood obesity among 618 school children. It was found that 28.3 per cent were overweight and 7.9 per cent were obese as per International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) standards initially. Children were classified as Group-I and Group-II. Group-I with 228 children received education and were taught fitness exercises (Long-term behavioural intervention). Group-II consisted of 390 children and were given only education (Short-term behavioural intervention). The health and nutrition education was given through four medias which had positive impact on both Group-I and Group-II children as is evident from knowledge scores (P=0.0001), but only in Group I, there was significant retention in knowledge after one year. The initial mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 21.6+3.9 in Group-I and 21.9+3.4 in Group-II, but after one year, BMI reduced significantly to 20.8+ 3.5 (P = 0.0001) in Group-I due to long-term interventions, whereas the mean BMI of Group-II increased after one year due to short-term interventions. There was significant reduction in Waist Hip Ratio (P = 0.0001) and High Blood Pressure (P = 0.0005) from initial to final among Group-I alone. Peak expiratory flow rate (P = 0.0005) and fitness level test scores (P = 0.0001) improved significantly only in Group-I after one

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year due to fitness exercises. Thus only long-term combined multidisciplinary interventions can have positive influence on knowledge-attitude-practice among children, parents and teachers thereby combating childhood obesity for a healthy nation.

JACN-03

Association of Nutritional Factors with Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome

Harshita Gupta1, Surya Kant1, Savita Ahluwalia2 , Amita Jain3, and S.M. Natu4

1Dept. of Pulmonary Medicine, 3Dept. of Microbiology, 4Dept. of Pathology King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, U.P,

2Dept. of Home Science, M.V.PG College, Lucknow Email: dr.kantskt@rediffmail.com

Objective: To determine nutritional factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis

treatment outcome of category I of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme. Study Design: A hospital based cross sectional study design. Setting: Two urban Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) Centres in Lucknow District of Uttar Pradesh. Methods: This study involving newly diagnosed cases of sputum smear-positive for Acid-fast Bacilli (AFB) of Category I before and after treatment. All sputum smear positive cases were subjected to clinical, radiological and mycobacterial culture and drug-susceptibility testing sensitivity by 1% proportion method on Lowenstein-Jensen media. Result: A total of 185 newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were recruited. Out of these, 14 patients were lost to follow-up at the end of the treatment. Remaining 171 patients were subjected for clinical, radiological and bacteriological outcomes. Significant improvement was found in all nutrients intake and clinical, radiological and bacteriological outcomes from baseline to at the end of treatment (p<0.0001). Dietary protein (p=0.04) and retinol (p=0.01) intake were significantly associated with the conversion in clinical outcomes i.e. symptomatic to asymptomatic. Nutrients intake of energy (p=0.04), protein (p=0.04) and fat (p=0.008) were significantly associated with complete radiological clearance. In case of drug related outcomes, energy (p=0.01) and protein (p=0.02) intake were associated significantly with drug resistance. Among all the nutrients, protein intake is closely associated with clinical, radiological and bacteriological outcomes. Conclusion: Protein intake is responsible for different clinical, radiological and bacteriological outcomes. Increased intake of protein was probably associated with rapid clinical recovery and weight gain, complete radiological clearing and early bacteriological conversion. JACN-04

Association of Subclinical Vitamin A Status with Malnutrition, Anemia and Infection in Children in Rural Bhubaneswar

Shuchismita Behera1, Gandham Bulliiyya1, Priyadarsi Girija Sankar Sethy2,

Santanu Kumar Kar1 1Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Bhubaneswar, India,

2Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata

Micronutrient deficiency and anaemia are worldwide health problem in many countries. The present study is aimed to assess Vitamin A deficiency, anaemia, iron deficiency in relation to stunting and thinness in preschool and school children from Bhubaneswar. Anthropometric indices

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such as height and weight were recorded with standard scales. Vitamin A level was estimated using HPLC. Haemoglobin was estimated by cyanomethamoglobin method. Plasma ferritin and C-reactive proteins were measured using Elisa kits. The results were analysed using Student’s t test, Pearson’s correlation and chi-square test. The results indicated vitamin A deficiency, iron deficiency and anaemia are more prevalent among girls (p <0.05). On the contrary, stunting is more prevalent among boys ( p < 0.05) . The boys are considered more prone to infection as indicated by higher level of C-reactive protein (p < 0.01). A comparison of above parameters between pre-school and school children showed higher prevalence of thinness (p < 0.01) and mild anaemia (p < 0.05) among school children. The plasma vitamin A level is found to be positively correlated with haemoglobin (p <0.0001) and anthropometric indices (stunting, p < 0.0001, thinness p < 0.05). The haemoglobin level is negatively correlated with serum ferritin (p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with anthropometric indices (p < 0.0001). It appears that the pre-school and school children from Bhubaneswar population are vitamin A deficient possibly due to low dietary intake of the above vitamin. This therefore leads to lower level of haemoglobin and high iron store leading to anaemia and more prone to infections. Consequently, the growth and development of the children are adversely affected as exhibited by higher prevalence of stunting and thinness. JACN-05

Intake of Selected Food Additives among Teenagers (13-19 Years Old) of Delhi

Arushi Jain and Pulkit Mathur Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, New Delhi.

E-mail: arushijain2@gmail.com, pulkit36@yahoo.co.in

Intake of 14 food additives was assessed among 311 teenagers (13-19 years old) from 7 schools/colleges of Delhi. Study was conducted in three phases, which included identification of additives of concern, market survey of product labels and processed food intake survey. Intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and 3-day Food Diary. Children were classified into regular, occasional and non-consumers for food products based on frequency of consumption. The mean consumption for processed foods and additives was calculated by combining food intake data from the 3-day Food Diary and the percent regular consumers from the FFQ. Significant difference (p<0.05) in intakes of sports drink, energy drinks, cakes/pastries and sauces was observed with the younger age group (13-15 years) consuming significantly higher amounts than the older group (16-19 years). Significant difference (p<0.05) in intake of sauces and sports drink was seen between sexes with females consuming significantly higher amounts of sauces than males and males consuming significantly higher amount of sports drink than females. Significant difference (p<0.05) in intake of Benzoates, Carmoisine, Sunset Yellow FCF and Erythrosine was seen between the two age groups but not between sexes. The 13-15 year olds were consuming significantly more (p<0.05) quantities of these additives. The mean probable daily intake for all additives was well below the ADI. Only for Sulphites and Erythrosine, the intake for high consumers was 105% and 344% of the ADI respectively. Intakes exceeding ADI are a matter of concern and both consumers and food manufacturers need to be sensitised to this issue.

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JACN-06

Household Food Security of Families Below Poverty Line in Coastal Areas of Cochin - Its Impact on Women and Children

Subhashree S.

Dept. of Home Science, St. Teresa’s College, Ernakulam, Kerala. E mail : shree_subha29@yahoo.com

High economic growth rates have failed to improve food security in India leaving its citizens

in a food crisis. Good buffer stocks have failed to impress as many people are starving, women and children being vulnerable. Public distribution system (PDS) in India has many loopholes that have left it ineffective. The objective of the study was to assess household food security status of people living below the poverty line (BPL), study its health impact on women and children. Household food security was assessed using Food Security core module questionnaire (USDA, 2000) on 100 families. Utilization of PDS, nutritional status and diet pattern of women and children 3-6yrs (sub-sample 37) was studied. The results showed that PDS was best utilized by majority, Kerosene and sugar being common commodities purchased. Poor quality of rice and inadequate quantity of sugar forced the subjects to buy from open markets. Only 43% families were food secure and the rest food insecure with levels varying from no hunger to severe hunger. Food security had a significant correlation with rice purchase quantity, meal skipping and sufficiency. Significant differences in weight and height of children existed among levels of food security. This study revealed the food security status and also identified lacunae in PDS in the state. It re ascertained the importance of PDS in ensuring food security and good health especially of women and children.

JACN-07

Impact of Comic Based Nutrition Education Literature on the Health and Nutrition Knowledge of Primary School Children of Garhwal Hill

Prabha Bisht1, Jyoti Tiwari2,

1Dept. of Home Science, Government Degree College Joshimath,Chamoli,Uttarakhand, 2Dept. of Home Science, Birla Campus, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University,

Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand Email: bishtpp@rediffmail.com

Malnutrition is a blot on India’s fastest growing economy. Nutrition education can help in

curbing malnutrition situation. The present study aims to develop low cost- Comic based, Nutrition Education Literature (NEL) & to assess its impact evaluation on the knowledge gain of the subjects (primary school going children between the age group 7 to 9 and 10 to 12 years). Pre & post experimental design, with 14 item Knowledge Test Questionnaire, as main outcome measure was used in this study. The Experimental Group (EG) n=100, received 8 reading sessions + NEL, while Control Group (CG) n= 100 received no such treatment. Pre & post exposure data were statistically analyzed using paired t- test. The mean scores of Experimental subjects increased from 5.27±1.70 (at pre exposure) to 7.15±1.96 (at post exposure). Pre & post exposure knowledge test of the subjects showed that the NEL is effective in imparting nutrition education. The knowledge gain among the experimental subjects was found to be statistically significant (p<0.0001). The NEL proved its effectiveness, by increasing the health and nutrition knowledge of

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the experimental subjects. Such materials could be utilized as effective educational literature for the primary school students, during or after school programs. JACN-08

Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women and Effect of Nutrition Counseling on their Nutrition Knowledge

Deepa N¹, Lalitha Ramaswamy²

¹Shree Sudharson Hospitals, Vannarpet, Tirunelveli ²Dept. of Nutrition & Dietetics, P.S.G. College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore

Email: deepa.greats@gmail.com

Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is important as it affects the offspring’s health and development. One of the prime causes for poor maternal nutrition is lack of knowledge of the mothers on the right type of diet. One hundred pregnant women in their second and third trimester of pregnancy from Tirunelveli District were selected for this study. Baseline data and details about pregnancy were collected by interview method. A 24-hour recall method was used to find out the amount and type of food consumed which was used to calculate the intake of five selected nutrients. The weight gain during pregnancy was also found out. Nutrition education was imparted to pregnant women using charts, handouts, flash cards, posters and demonstration. The impact of nutrition education on the KAP of the selected pregnant women was assessed using a pre-tested questionnaire. Results of baseline data showed that nine percent of the pregnant women were illiterates, 23 – 28 percent had studied up to school and 27 percent were graduates. Fifty seven percent belonged to low income group, 25 percent to middle income and 15 percent to high income groups and the percentage of income spend on food ranged between 20-40 percent to 40-60 percent. The mean nutrient intake of all the nutrients was significantly lower than the ICMR RDA, except for fat. The deficit for protein, calcium and vitamin A was as high as 25 percent, 30 percent and 72 percent respectively. The mean weight gain during pregnancy was 11.2kg despite a poor nutrient intake. Results of clinical examination showed the incidence of goitre and dermatitis in 32 percent and 48 percent of the selected pregnant women. There was a significant difference in the scores obtained before and after nutrition education thus confirming that nutrition education has helped in improving the nutritional knowledge, attitude and practices of the selected women. The synergistic effects of improved food intake and KAP will be revealed in the form of successful pregnancy and the ensuing lactation. JACN-09

The Prevalence of Weight Imbalance among School Children of Age 6-7 Years – A Comparative Study Between Two Metros

Kalpana R, Malathi Ranganathan and Sundaravalli

Dept. of Home Science, IGNOU, Regional Centre Mount Caramel College, Bangalore Email: Kalpanaprasad_ks@yahoo.co.in

The increase in childhood obesity over the past decades, together with associated health

problems and cost, is rising gave concern. Hence, the study was undertaken with an objective to assess the prevalence of obesity among school children, to find the causative factors for obesity and to educate mothers of the children to lead a healthy life style. For this study 100 subjects who

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were 6-7 years of age were selected. Subjects for the study were chosen from two metros Chennai and Bangalore. High income group school [HIGS] and Low income group school [LIGS] from each of the two metros were adopted. They were assessed upon nutritional anthropometry, clinical signs of deficiencies, family history of diseases, food frequency questionnaire, physical activity assessment and daily calorie intake by means of questionnaire and case studies. Subjects were classified according to nutritional status by using Body Mass Index [BMI], weight for age and height for age with regard to Indian standards. Statistical analysis were drawn and concluded that out of 100 subjects 6 were obese who were all from HIGS Bangalore and 9 were overweight out of which 3 were from HIGS Bangalore and 6 were from HIGS Chennai. Nineteen were underweight from LIGS Bangalore and Chennai. Obese subjects were from high income group and did not show any clinical signs of deficiencies except one of the obese subjects had filling of the teeth. From analysis of statistical analysis conclusions were drawn that higher socio-economic status accompanying life style modifications, improper eating behaviors, low physical activity and watching television for more hours and long duration of sleep could be the causative factors of obesity. Finally the mothers of the obese subjects were educated on healthy eating, consequences of obesity in adult hood, and importance of physical activity. The importance of providing a balanced diet to the child was explained to the mother

JACN-10

Breakfast Consumption Pattern and Its Impact on Nutritional Status of Adolescents of Dharwad Taluk

Netravati M. Yattinamani, Pushpa Bharati and Rama K.Naik

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Rural Home Science College, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Karnataka

Email: yattinamaninetravati@gmail.com, pcb02@rediffmail.com

Breakfast skipping habit and consuming more energy dense snack might be associated with obesity; however the results from previous research are still inconclusive. A study was conducted with the objective to describe the impact of breakfast consumption on nutritional status of adolescents of Dharwad taluk. A total of 1000 adolescents (both gender) of 13 to 16 years were selected from rural and urban Dharwad for assessing breakfast behaviour and anthropometric measurements. Out of 1000, a sub sample of 30 per cent was selected for diet survey 10 per cent for heamoglobin estimation. To test the significant mean difference between two population, ‘Independent t test’ was used with the help of SPSS (Statistical Packages for Social Sciences) software version 16.0. Results revealed that majority of the adolescents consumed breakfast (91.40%) and very few of them (8.60%) skipped. Skipping was higher in girls (11.38%) compared to boys (6.34%) and in urban adolescents (11.40%) compared to their rural counterparts (5.80%). Breakfast consumers were significantly taller (152.09cm vs. 151.90cm respectively) and lighter (37.47kg vs. 40.97kg respectively). There was significant difference in the intake of fruits, fats and oils between breakfast consumers and skippers. The intake of all nutrients was higher in consumers compared to skippers. Mean haemoglobin level of breakfast consumers was significantly higher (10.54g/dl) compared to skippers (8.98g/dl). Higher per cent of the skippers belonged to moderate and severe anaemia category. Hence, it is necessary to educate the public in general and adolescents in particular regarding regularity in breakfast consumption.

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JACN-11 Comparison of Under-Nutrition among Children Aged 1-5 Years using World Health

Organisation and National Centre for Health Statistics Standards

Rakesh K Nayak, Padmaja R Walvekar, Maheshwar Mallapur, Sangappa M Katti Dept. of Community Medicine, KLE University’s Jawaharlal Nehru

Medical College Belgaum, Karnataka E-mail: commed@jnmc.edu

NCHS/WHO growth reference (NCHS reference) is being used for assessment of nutritional status since late 1960’s.But NCHS reference has its limitations as the reference sample had babies who were top fed and sample was pooled from only one country. The objective was to assess the nutritional status of under-five children based on anthropometry and to compare the under-nutrition rates based on newly developed WHO child growth standards (WHO standards) and National Centre for Health statistics NCHS/WHO international growth reference ( NCHS reference) standards. A cross sectional study was conducted in a Primary Health Centre area. The study population consisted of children 1-5yrs of age and their mothers. Simple size calculated was 933. Anthropometric measurements, i.e., height, weight of each subject, were taken according to the standard procedures. Children were considered with underweight, stunting and wasting if their weight-for age, height-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores below -2.0 SD of the NCHS and WHO standards. Statistical analyses were performed using EPI INFO statistical package. The present study included 933 (453 males and 480 females) under five children. The prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight ( < -2 SD ) by WHO standards was 23.7%, 38.2% and 37% respectively and by NCHS was 23.5%, 33% and 46.6% respectively. The prevalence of severe wasting, stunting and underweight (< - 3 SD) was 7.4% , 14.3% and 8.8% respectively by WHO standards and 4.1%, 11.8% and 9.8% respectively by NCHS standards. The rates of severe wasting, severe stunting were higher in boys and severe underweight was higher in girls. When compared with WHO and NCHS standards, prevalence of wasting was almost similar, but stunting and underweight was more by NCHS classification. Severe wasting and stunting was more by WHO classification. WHO classification would be preferred to assess malnutrition among Indian under-five children.

JACN-12

Impact of Raising Kitchen Garden and Nutrition Education on Iron and Vitamin A Nutriture of Adolescents

Shunmukha Priya S. and Kowsalya, S

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore. Email: jayanthisreenivasan@yahoo.co.in

Micronutrient malnutrition is a public health problem in developing countries including India. Among the intervention strategies, dietary approach of enhancing the consumption of vegetables and fruits especially through promotion of kitchen garden is the sustainable strategy. Hence, the study was chosen with the specific objective to assess the micronutrient status of the adolescent boys and girls with special references to iron and vitamin A nutriture. Food consumption pattern of the respondents revealed that items like cereals, fats and oils, sugar and spices and condiments were consumed daily while none of the respondents consumed green leafy vegetables and fruits

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daily. Mean intake of all nutrients were lower than RDA for both groups except for fat. The initial and final assessment of the haemoglobin level of the experimental group varied from 10.77 ± 1.37 g/dl to 11.05 ± 1.24g/dl and that of the control group varied from 10.86 ± 1.70 g/dl to 10.98 ± 1.65 g/dl. The initial and final values of experimental group were statistically significant at one per cent level. The mean serum vitamin A level of the experimental group also showed increments when compared to the control group. Hence, the study proves that long term sustainable strategies like raising kitchen garden coupled with nutrition education had a positive impact on the micronutrient status rather than a single intervention like supplementation or nutrition education alone.

JACN-13

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Osteoporosis among Postmenopausal Women in Manipur

Chingriyo Raihing and Uma Mageshwari. S

Dept. of Food Service Management and Dietetics, Avinashilingam Institute of Home Science and Higher Education For Women, Coimbatore

Email : chingriyo@gmail.com, magikrish@rediffmail.com The awareness of osteoporosis has grown worldwide in recent years and it is becoming a women’s public health issue. In India, an estimated 30 million women are diagnosed to have osteoporosis and it is important to enhance the knowledge for acquisition of optimal peak bone mass and maintenance of bone mineral density among the postmenopausal women. The objective of the study was to study prevalence of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women, determine the possible risk factors associated with its prevalence, study the dietary intake pattern and to impart counselling. The study was carried out in Imphal District of Manipur. Among a universal population of 300 postmenopausal women, one hundred women were identified to be osteoporotic through bone mass densitometry test. Information on their background details, disease history, pregnancy and reproductive health and dietary intake and physical activity pattern were elicited through an interview schedule. Anthropometric measurements were taken for the selected women. The findings from this study suggest a significant positive correlation between the incidence of osteoporosis and the age of menopause. Early menopause was found to be a contributing factor towards osteoporosis among the postmenopausal women. Poor nutritional status, anthropometric measurements particularly waist to hip ratio on the higher side are predisposing factors for osteoporosis. The dietary intake of calcium was found to be inadequate. The physical activities of the women were found to be less and hence an adequate dietary calcium intake during the early years and adoption of physically active lifestyle during this period is important for the prevention of osteoporosis among the postmenopausal women and for promoting healthy womanhood.

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YOUNG SCIENTISTS’ AWARD SESSION - II

SENIOR AND JUNIOR AWARD IN EXPERIMENTAL NUTRITION

Date : 17th November 2012 Time : 01.30 pm – 03.50 pm

SENIOR AWARD IN EXPERIMENTALNUTRITION

Code No. Name Title of Presentation

SAEN-01 Rebecca Kuriyan Division of Nutrition St. John’s Research Institute St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences Bangalore

A 4 Compartment Model Based Validation of Air Displacement Plethysmography, Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, Skinfold Technique and Bio-electrical Impedance for Measuring Body Fat in Indian Adults

SAEN-02 Suchitra Roy Dept. of Nutritional Medicine Interactive Research School for Health Affairs Bharati Vidyapeeth University Pune, India.

Effect of Maternal Micronutrients (Folic Acid and Vitamin B12) and Omega 3 Fatty Acids on Indices of Brain Oxidative Stress in the Offspring

SAEN-03 Madhavi V. Dhobale Dept. of Nutritional Medicine Interactive Research School for Health Affairs Bharati Vidyapeeth University Pune, India

Altered Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Pre-term Deliveries

JUNIOR AWARD IN EXPERIMENTAL NUTRITION

Code No.

Name Title of Presentation

JAEN-01 Priyanka Shankar Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre, National Institute of Nutrition Hyderabad, India

Downregulation of Osteopontin and Reduced Biomechanical Properties in Low Calcium and Fluoride Treated Rats

JAEN-02 Bhatiwada Nidhi Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR), Mysore, India.

Olive Oil: Promising Vesicle for Enhanced Bioavailability of Poorly Absorbed Eye Protective Lutein in Lutein Deficient Mice

JAEN-03 Surekha N Dept. of Foods and Nutrition College of Home Science Marathwada Krishi Vidhyapeeth Parbhani, Maharashtra, India.

Development of Value Added Low Glycaemic Index Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa Frumentacea Link) Noodles

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JAEN-04 Deepali P. Sundrani Dept. of Nutritional Medicine Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Pune, India.

Placental Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2, -3 and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases -1, -2 in Pre-term Pregnancy

JAEN-05 Akshaya P. Meher, Dept. of Nutritional Medicine Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India.

Preconceptional Omega 3 Fatty Acid Supplementation to a Micronutrient Deficient Diet Improves Placental PPAR� Expression

JAEN-06 C. Akileshwari Biochemistry Division National Institute of Nutrition Indian Council of Medical Research Hyderabad, India.

Bioflavonoid Ellagic Acid: A Potential Aldose Reductase Inhibitor

JAEN-07 Shyamala B. N. Dept. of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore Manasagangotri, Mysore

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties and Product Formulation Utilizing Ridge Gourd (Luffa acutangula) Peel

JAEN-08 R.G. Abirami Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

Antidiabetic Activity of Ulva fasciata and Its Impact on Carbohydrate Metabolism Enzymes in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

JAEN-09 Vanitha Reddy P Dept. of Studies in Food Science & Nutrition, University of Mysore Mysore, Karnatka

Antihypercholesterolemic and Anti-oxidant Effect of Moringa oleifera Polyphenols in Rats

JAEN-10 Vidhya R

Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology (MOFPI) Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

Extraction and Incorporation of Rice Bran Protein Concentrate into Cookies

JAEN-11 Ruchi Vaidya

Dept. of Foods and Nutrition Faculty of Family and Community Sciences The M. S. University of Baroda Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Beneficial Gutmicrobiota Improves Glycaemic Response in Type 2 Diabetics – Supplementation Trial with Resistant Starch

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SENIOR AWARD IN EXPERIMENTAL NUTRITION SAEN-01

A 4 Compartment Model Based Validation of Air Displacement Plethysmography, Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Skin fold

Technique and Bio-Electrical Impedance for Measuring Body Fat in Indian Adults

Rebecca Kuriyan, Tinku Thomas, Sangeetha Ashok, Jayakumar J, Anura V Kurpad

Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore.

Email: rebecca@sjri.res.in

The assessment of body fat content is an important aspect of measured outcomes in public health and clinical nutrition. Many methods are available for measuring body fat of an individual, each having its own advantages and limitations. The primary objective of the present study was to validate body fat estimates from individual methods using the 4 compartmental (4C) model as reference. The second objective was to obtain estimates of hydration of Fat Free Mass (FFM) using the 4C model. The body fat of thirtynine adults (19 men and 20 women subjects) aged 20-40 years was estimated using air displacement plethysmography (ADP), Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), 4-skinfold technique and bio-electrical impedance (BIA). Total body water was estimated using isotope dilution method. The ADP and DEXA method had the highest correlation of fat mass with the 4C model (r= 0.98). All the methods significantly underestimated body fat when compared to 4C model, except for DEXA and the mean difference from the reference was lowest for DEXA and ADP. The precision of the fat mass estimated from 4 C model using the propagation of error was 0.25 kg, while the mean hydration factor obtained by the 4C model was found to be 0.74 ± 0.02 in the whole group of men and women. The results of the present study suggest that DEXA and ADP methods can provide reasonably accurate estimates of body fat, while skinfold method and bio-electrical impedance will have to make use of population specific equations. SAEN-02

Effect of Maternal Micronutrients (Folic Acid and Vitamin B12) and Omega 3 Fatty Acids on Indices of Brain Oxidative Stress in the Offspring

Suchitra Roy, Pratiksha Sable, Karuna Randhir, Anvita Kale, Sadhana Joshi

Dept. of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune

Email: srjoshi62@gmail.com

Our earlier studies have shown that a maternal diet imbalanced with micronutrients like folic acid, vitamin B12 has adverse effects on fatty acid metabolism, global methylation patterns and levels of brain neurotrophins in the offspring at birth. However, it is not clear if these effects are mediated through oxidative stress. The role of oxidative stress in influencing epigenetic mechanisms and thereby fetal programming is not well studied. Pregnant female rats were divided into six treatment groups at two levels of folic acid both in the presence and absence of vitamin B12. Omega 3 fatty acid supplementation was given to the vitamin B12 deficient groups.

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Following delivery, 8 dams from each group were randomly shifted back to control and the remaining 8 continued on the same treatment diet. Our results indicate for the first time that an imbalance in maternal micronutrients reduces the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p<0.05 for both) at birth. At d21 of life the levels of MDA and GPx (p<0.05 for both) in pup brain from the micronutrient imbalanced group was higher as compared to control while omega 3 fatty acid supplementation normalizes the levels of GPx. Our data shows that maternal micronutrient imbalance adversely affects antioxidant defense mechanisms while omega 3 fatty acid supplementation ameliorates some of the negative effects. Our study throws light on the role of oxidative stress in fetal brain programming and consequential risk for neurodegenerative disorders in later life. SAEN-03

Altered Expression Of Antioxidant Enzymes In Preterm Deliveries

Madhavi V. Dhobale1, Hemlata M. Pisal1, Savita S. Mehendale2, Sadhana R. Joshi1* 1Dept.of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University,

Pune 2Dept of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune

Email: srjoshi62@gmail.com

We have earlier reported altered levels of maternal micronutrients, reduced omega 3 fatty acids and increased homocysteine and malondialdehyde levels in preterm delivery. Here, we hypothesize that altered metabolism of maternal micronutrients such folate and vitamin B12 and omega 3 fatty acids leads to increased homocysteine, oxidative stress and alters the levels and expression of antioxidant enzymes in women delivering preterm. This study for the first time examines the mRNA levels of placental superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and their levels from maternal and cord erythrocyte samples in term and preterm deliveries. 97 women delivering preterm (< 37 weeks gestation) and 84 women delivering at term (=>37 weeks gestation) were recruited for the study Placental mRNA levels of SOD, GPx and CAT were analysed by real time polymerase reaction. SOD, GPx and CAT levels were estimated using kits. Placental mRNA levels of SOD, CAT and GPx were higher (p<0.05 for all) in the preterm group as compared to the term group. Maternal and cord SOD and CAT levels were lower in preterm group. However, maternal GPx levels were higher and cord GPx levels were lower in the preterm group. Our findings suggest that the higher mRNA expression of placental antioxidant enzymes may be a response to increased oxidative stress during development of the feto-placental unit. The altered response of placental antioxidant enzymes may have important implications in fetal development and preterm delivery.

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JUNIOR AWARD IN EXPERIMENTAL NUTRITION

JAEN-01 Downregulation of Osteopontin and Reduced Biomechanical

Properties in Low Calcium and Fluoride Treated Rats

Priyanka Shankar and A. L. Khandare Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad

Email: priyankamdc10000@gmail.com

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of fluoride on bone turn over, micro architecture, biomechanical properties and expression of osteocalcin, osteonectin and osteopontin genes in presence of inadequate calcium. Duration of study was 6 months. Seventy six weanling male Wistar rats were divided to four groups and received: group 1, normal calcium (0.5%) diet (NCD); group 2, low calcium (0.25%) diet (LCD); group 3, NCD+100 ppm fluoride water (F) and group 4, LCD+F. Results showed that there was significant increase in serum osteocalcin and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase in group 4 as compared to other groups suggested high bone turnover. Bone mineral content was significantly lower in group 4. However, bone mineral density was significantly higher as compared to its distilled water treated counterpart (group 2). Trabecular separation and total porosity increased in presence of low calcium (group 2 and 4). Biomechanical properties were significantly reduced in group 4. However, no alteration in biomechanical properties in group 3 was observed. Expression of osteocalcin, osteonectin and osteopontin genes was significantly downregulated in group 4. In conclusion, downregulation of noncollagenous proteins (osteocalcin, osteonectin and osteopontin) may be the reason for reduced bone quality in fluoride intoxicated and low calcium treated rats. JAEN-02

Olive Oil: Promising Vesicle for Enhanced Bioavailability of Poorly Absorbed Eye Protective Lutein in Lutein Deficient Mice

Bhatiwada Nidhi and V. Baskaran

Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore E-mail: nidhibhatiwada@gmail.com

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness among

the elderly. Lutein is found mainly in the macular region of the eye and play role in the pathogenesis of AMD, for which treatment options are limited. Hence, alternative nutritional approach to modulate AMD includes intake of lutein, however its bioavailability is very poor. The objective of the study was to choose suitable lipid [olive (OO), groundnut (GNO), soybean (SBO), sunflower (SFO), rice bran (RBO), corn (CO) or palm (PO) oil] vesicle to improve lutein bioavailability in lutein deficient mice. After induction of lutein deficiency, mice were divided into 8 groups (n=20/group), to study time-course (2, 4, 6 and 8 h) absorption kinetics and tissue levels of lutein after intubation of lutein dispersed in either vegetable oils or micelle (control). The percentage difference in area under the curve for plasma lutein of OO (41.8%) and GNO (5.9%) was higher than the control group, whereas it was lower in SFO (34.2%), SBO (10.82%), RBO (18.2%), CO (47.5%) and PO (53.3%) groups. Similarly, the liver lutein level in OO was 6.2 % higher than the control, while other groups exhibited lower level (15.9 to 88.2%). The eye lutein

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levels of OO (35.2%) and GNO (4.8%) were higher than control group. Results show that OO facilitates the lutein bioavailability, which may be due to the oleic concentration (73.32%) and higher activity of intestinal triacylglycerol lipase (2.86 U/mg protein) in OO group than other groups. Thus, lutein dispersed in olive oil may be a strong nutritional strategy to improve lutein bioavailability to fight against AMD. JAEN-03

Development of Value Added Low Glycemic Index Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa Frumentacea Link) Noodles

Surekha N1, Rohini Devi1, Asha Arya1 and Nalwade V.M1

1Dept. of Foods and Nutrition, College of Home Science, Marathwada Krishi Vidhyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra

Email:surekhan_1980@rediffmail.com

Barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea Link) is one of the important nutritious minor millet and good source of macronutrient, micronutrient and nutraceutical components. As the concept of low glycaemic index foods is gaining interest for the effective management of diabetes mellitus, efforts have been accelerated in this direction to bring into light various foods of low glycaemic index. Noodles are most preferred food items among all age groups having longer shelf life and good commercial importance. Hence an attempt was made to develop barnyard millet based value added low glycaemic index noodles. Trials were conducted by incorporating sago flour, pulse flour and dried bengal gram leaf powder at different levels to barnyard millet flour to develop plain, pulse and vegetable noodles respectively and were evaluated organoleptically. The best accepted variations of plain, pulse and vegetable noodles were evaluated for nutrient composition and glcaemic index. For estimation of glycaemic index, an amount of noodles (test food) and reference food (glucose) supplying 25g of carbohydrate were served on different days. Capillary blood glucose was measured by finger-prick at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after consumption. For each test food, the incremental area under the curve (IAUC) and GI values were determined. The findings indicated significant increase in nutrient composition in pulse and vegetable noodles. The glycaemic index of pulse noodles (35.65) and vegetable noodles (38.02) were significantly less than plain noodles (42.07). Thus, the developed noodles with low glycaemic index can be recommended for inclusion in diabetic diet.

JAEN-04

Placental Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2, -3 and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases -1, -2 in Preterm Pregnancy

Deepali P. Sundrani1, Preeti M. Chavan Gautam1, Hemlata M. Pisal1,

Savita S. Mehendale2, Sadhana R. Joshi.1 1Dept. of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs,

Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India. 2Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India.

Email: srjoshi62@gmail.com

Maternal nutrition is an important determinant of one-carbon metabolism and defects in it may lead to poor obstetric outcomes. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that altered

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intake/metabolism of micronutrients (folic acid and vitamin B12) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contributes to increased homocysteine and oxidative stress leading to altered levels of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) and TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases) in women delivering pre-term. We have earlier reported increased vitamin B12, homocysteine and oxidative stress along with reduced DHA in women delivering preterm. In this study we recruited 75 women delivering at term and 73 women delivering pre-term to examine the placental levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and observe their associations with maternal micronutrients, placental DHA and oxidative stress. Placental MMP-2 and MMP-3 levels were higher (p<0.01) in women delivering pre-term as compared to term. There was no significant difference in the placental TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels in women delivering pre-term and at term. Placental DHA levels were negatively associated with placental MMP-2 (p<0.01) and MMP-3 (p<0.05) levels in the whole cohort while maternal vitamin B12 levels were positively associated with MMP-3 levels (p<0.05) in the whole cohort and pre-term group. Further placental MMP-2 (p<0.05) and MMP-3 (p<0.01) levels were positively associated with (malondialdehyde) MDA levels in the whole cohort. Our study for the first time suggests a crucial role for micronutrients and MMPs in preterm pregnancy. Future studies need to examine if epigenetic modifications through the one carbon cycle contributes to increased levels of MMPs leading to pre-term deliveries.

JAEN-05

Preconceptional Omega 3 Fatty Acid Supplementation to A Micronutrient Deficient Diet Improves Placental Pparγγγγ Expression

Akshaya P. Meher, Asmita A. Joshi, Sadhana R. Joshi

Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Email: srjoshi62@gmail.com

An altered one carbon cycle is known to influence placental and foetal development. Our

recent studies in animals suggest that an imbalance in maternal folic acid and vitamin B12 results in reduced levels of DHA in the placenta. We hypothesize that deficiency of maternal micronutrients like folic acid and vitamin B12 will lead to increased oxidative stress, reduced LCPUFA and altered expression of PPAR � in the placenta and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation to a these diets will increase the expression of PPAR � which is known to play a key role in placental development. Female rats were divided into 5 groups, i.e. control, folic acid deficient [FD], vitamin B12 deficient [BD], folic acid deficient + omega 3 fatty acid [FDO] and vitamin B12 deficient + omega 3 fatty acid [BDO] from birth and continuing through pregnancy. Dams were dissected at GD20. Plasma MDA, placental fatty acid levels, placental PPAR � mRNA levels and levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-�) in the placenta were analysed. Maternal micronutrient deficiency leads to lower (p<0.01) levels of DHA as compared to the control group. Plasma MDA and placental IL-6 levels were higher (p<0.01) while placental PPAR � expression was lower (p<0.05) in micronutrient deficient groups. Omega 3 fatty acid supplementation to the micronutrient deficient diets ameliorated most of the above effects. Our findings for the first time indicate that maternal micronutrient deficiency affects the expression of PPAR � in the placenta and may have implications for placental development and the subsequent foetal growth.

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JAEN-06

Bioflavonoid Ellagic Acid: A Potential Aldose Reductase Inhibitor

Akileshwari. C, P. Muthenna, P. Suryanarayana, G. Bhanuprakash Reddy. Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad

Email: akileshwari_sc@yahoo.com

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, is associated with an increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications that include nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease and stroke. Accumulation of intracellular sorbitol due to increased aldose reductase (ALR2) activity has been implicated in the development of various secondary complications of diabetes. Previous studies reported that some commonly consumed dietary sources such as spices, fruits and vegetables have aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) activity in vitro as well as in vivo. Ellagic acid (EA) is a polyphenol antioxidant found in raspberries, strawberries, pomegranates and walnuts and is also present in those dietary sources that are reported to have ARI activity such as apples, grapes, orange, guava and cumin. EA inhibited human recombinant ALR2 with an IC50 value of 55 nM in a noncompetitive manner, but was found to be a poor inhibitor of closely related members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, particularly aldehyde reductase (ALR1). Results from molecular docking studies were consistent with the pattern of inhibition of ALR2 by EA and its specificity. Moreover, EA was able to suppress sorbitol accumulation in human erythrocytes under high glucose conditions, demonstrating an in vivo potential of EA to prevent sorbitol accumulation. We have also found the effectiveness of EA against loss of eye lens transparency through inhibition of ALR2 activity and sorbitol accumulation in the lens organ culture and retinal explant system. These results suggest that EA holds a promise as an agent to prevent or treat diabetic complications.

JAEN-07

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties and Product Formulation Utilizing Ridge Gourd (Luffa Acutangula) Peel

Shyamala B. N. and Jamuna Prakash

Dept. of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore Email: shyamalabn80@rediffmail.com

Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) peel was analysed for its chemical composition and

antioxidant properties by standard techniques. Dry peel powder was used for incorporation into a traditional refined flour based fried product, namely Diamond cuts. Sensory and storage studies were carried out for the fried product stored in different packaging material for lipid peroxidation. Following results were obtained for peel per 100g dry weight- protein, 14g; insoluble fiber, 58g; soluble fiber 3g, fat, 2.6g; iron, 5.1mg; calcium, 450mg; tannins, 841mg; carotenoids, 35663µg; and ascorbic acid, 37mg. Considerable bile acid binding (98%) and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity (19 and 21%) in methanol and aqueous extracts were observed for the peel. Polyphenols were high in aqueous extracts, followed by methanol and ethanol extracts for peel. The total antioxidant activity was highest in aqueous extracts than solvent extracts. Free radical scavenging activity and reducing power of peel was high in aqueous extracts compared to solvent extracts. Peroxide value, free fatty acid value and thiobarbuteric acid value revealed that diamond cuts

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could be stored in polyethylene terephthalate and foil at low temperature compared to room temperature storage. Overall acceptability of the peel incorporated product differed significantly with the control samples.

JAEN-08

Antidiabetic Activity of Ulva Fasciata and Its Impact on Carbohydrate Metabolism Enzymes in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

R.G. Abirami and S. Kowsalya

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

Email : abirami.rg@gmail.com

A group of 30 albino rats were selected and divided into five groups of six rats each. The antihyperglycemic effect of aqueous extract Ulva fasciata was evaluated in diabetic rats using different doses of 200mg/kg (low dose) and 400mg/kg (high dose) in terms of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and hepatic glycogen were examined in control and extract treated diabetic rats. The activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes like hexokinase, glucokinase and glucose 6 phosphatase in the liver were assessed. The extract was orally administered for 28days. The results showed that aqueous extract of Ulva fasciata significantly (p<0.05) reduced blood glucose level, and restored hepatic glycogen content and hexokinase, glucokinase and glucose 6 phosphatase activities. Though glycosylated hemogloblin levels were reduced, it was not statistically significant, the body weight of the treated group rats showed a gain in weight. These results prove the antidiabetic activity of Ulva fasciata. JAEN-09

Antihypercholesterolemic and Antioxidant Effect of Moringa Oleifera Polyphenols in Rats

Vanitha Reddy P, Faiyaz Ahmed, Sudha Sairam and Asna Urooj

Dept. of Studies in Food Science & Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore Email: reddy.vanitha@rediffmail.com

The study investigated the influence of polyphenols extracted from drumstick leaves (DL,

Moringa oleifera) on cholesterol and lipid peroxidation in hypercholesterolemic condition, induced by feeding high fat and cholesterol diet to male Wister rats. One healthy control (HC) group with standard diet, one positive control fed with high fat and cholesterol diet (HFCD), three experimental groups (two doses of polyphenol extract -HFCD+100mg and HFCD+200mg, one fed with the standard drug-Atorvastatin -HFCDS) were studied for 45days. An increase in the body weights and liver was observed in all the groups during experimental period, however weight of the liver was significantly high in all the groups than HC. The serum and liver lipid oxidation (TBARS) level in all the three experimental groups was lower than two control groups. The serum Glutathione levels were high in the three experimental groups. The serum and liver total cholesterol levels were significantly high in HFCD followed by HFCD+100 > HFCDS< HFCD+200 < HC. In the fecal matter, the bile acid, cholesterol and fat percentage was significantly (p<0.05) high in the three experimental groups. The data suggest that the polyphenols of drumstick leaves were equally effective as statins in reducing cholesterol & lipid peroxidation in rats.

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JAEN-10 Extraction and Incorporation of Rice Bran Protein

Concentrate into Cookies

Vidhya R, Jaganmohan R, Alagusundaram K Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology, (MOFPI), Thanjavur Tamilnadu

Email Id: rv_teddy@yahoo.co.in

Protein concentrates was extracted from defatted rice bran at various pH. Among this, pH 11 was found to be best in yield and protein content of 75.19% and 13.15% respectively. Oil absorption and water absorption of rice bran protein concentrates showed 8.12 g/g and 4.72 g/g. Foaming property and emulsifying property of rice bran protein concentrates showed 9.6% and 48.0%. With the higher absorption of water and oil and rice bran protein concentrate has good foaming and emulsifying property at the pH 11.0 the protein concentrate was incorporated into cookies at various concentrations. Rice bran concentrate incorporated cookies was prepared in various combinations 10% (R1), 20% (R2) & 30% (R3). Among the variations prepared 30% shows minimum width 39.36 mm and spread ratio 42.64mm but it shows maximum thickness 9.23mm. With increase in the incorporation the nutrient content increases but the sensory attribute shows slight acceptable in R1 3.72. Objectives : Extraction, characterization of protein concentrates from rice bran; Incorporation of rice brain protein concentrates in cookies and investigating physical chemical properties of cookies, and Sensory attribute of cookies. JAEN-11

Beneficial Gutmicrobiota Improves Glycemic Response in Type 2 Diabetics – Supplementation Trial with Resistant Starch

Ruchi Vaidya1, Mini Sheth1, Jyoti Mannari2 1Dept. of Foods and Nutrition, Faculty of Family and Community Sciences, The M. S. University of Baroda,

Vadodara, Gujarat, India, 2Dept. of Medicine, Pramukh Swami Medical College, The S. P. University, Karamsad, Gujarat

Email: ruchi.vaidya22@gmail.com

The present study was designed to study the effect of Resistant starch supplementation in type 2 diabetics. A cross over randomized study trial was designed with 40 adult diabetics enrolled from outpatient ward of Medicine Dept. of Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, Gujarat. The experimental group was given 5 grams of resistant starch, in form of powder sachets to be consumed twice a day (i.e. 10g/day) during meals. The anthropometry and bioclinical parameters of the subjects studied were Wt, Ht, BMI, WC, HC, WHR, FBS, PP2BS, HbA1c and fecal counts in terms of lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria and enteric pathogen. The study is approved by Human Research Ethical Committee (HREC) of Pramukh Swami Medical College, Karamsad. The study got registered in Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) under the reference no: Ref/2011/05/002375. The study demonstrated that resistant starch supplementation in type 2 diabetic adults on oral hypoglycemic drugs resulted in significant reduction in FBS, PP2BS and HbA1c levels by 8.7%, 16.1% and 13.3% respectively (p<0.01). There was also a significant reduction in mean BMI by 5% (p<0.01). Consistent with these improvements, there was a significant increase in mean log counts of beneficial gut microbiota in terms of lactic acid bacteria (13.5%) and bifidobacteria (9.31%) along with a significant reduction in enteric pathogen counts (8.69%). Resistant starch supplementation to the Type 2 diabetics individuals improved glycemic control and colonization of beneficial gut microflora and also showed a strong association between them.

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FREE COMMUNICATIONS - ORAL PRESENTATIONS

COMMUNITY NUTRITION

OSCN-1 Household Food Security in Urban Slums of Delhi:

Determinants and Prevalence

Palak Gupta, Kalyani Singh, Veenu Seth Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, Sikandara Road, New Delhi-110001

E-mail: palgupta87@gmail.com

Food security has been a matter of high concern in urban India during recent years with increasing population, poverty and rising food prices. The study was aimed to understand levels and determinants of food security in densely populated poverty pockets of Delhi. A door to door interview was conducted in 236 household in two slums of Delhi. Information on food security was collected using adapted Hindi version of 18-item United States Dept. of Agriculture Household Food Security scale. Modified National Family Health Survey-3 was used for understanding the determinants. Association of food insecurity with household economic and socio-demographic characteristics was examined, using SPSS. Salient findings were; out of 236 households, food insecurity with hunger (moderate and severe) was present in 23.3%, and food insecurity without hunger in 29.6%. Forty seven percent households were food secure. Family type, availability and color of ration card, and account in bank or health insurance were found to be significantly associated with food security (p<0.05). Wealth index (r=0.5, p<0.01) and ratio of people employed to family size (r=0.15, p<0.05) were found to be positively correlated with food security. With increase of wealth index and employed-family size ratio, food security increases.

Food insecurity was alarmingly high in urban Delhi. Understanding the factors that

contribute to household food insecurity is imperative so that effective strategies could be developed and implemented.

Keywords : food security, national family health surveys, food insecurity, household economic

OSCN-2

Waist and Hip Circumference Percentiles in Nationally Representative Sample of Indian Children and Adolescents

Anuradha Khadilkar, Veena Ekbote, Surabhi Kulkarni, Neha Kajale,

Lavanya Parthsarathy, Deepa Pillay,Vaman Khadilkar, Shashi Chiplonkar. Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra

E-mail id: ekbote.veena@gmail.com

Aim of the study was to describe age-sex specific percentiles for waist circumference (WC) & hip circumference (HC) in Indian children and to suggest a cut-off for obesity related risk. Cross-sectional data on height, weight, WC, HC and blood pressure were collected on 11,000 children (5-18 yr, 6166 boys) from affluent schools from five major cities in India. Age-sex-specific percentiles were estimated using LMS method. WC and HC increased with age; rate of increase was slower and then plateued after 14 years of age in girls than in boys. The 75th and 90th percentiles of WC were significantly higher in Indian children than in their counterparts in UK,

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Canada, China and comparable with children from Germany and Europe/USA. Higher percentage of overweight/obese children (45%) had WC between 75th and 90th percentile of NHANES than those (15%) above 90th WC percentile, indicating that 75th WC percentile cut-off point may be appropriate for defining high WC in Indian children and adolescents. Elevated SBP (DBP) was seen in 6.2% (9.4%) boys and 5.1% (8.1%) girls and normal SBP (DBP) was seen in 77.3% boys and 76.6% girls with <75th WC percentile. This was further validated with external data on children showing atleast three metabolic syndrome risk factors were present in children above 75th percentile of WC. Thus, our study provides nationally representative WC and HC percentiles and we suggest 75th WC percentile of the present study be used for assessment of cardiometabolic risk in Indian children. Similarly results for HC are also discussed.

Keywords: waist circumference, hip circumference, adolescents, cardio metabolic risk

OSCN-3

Dietary Patterns in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with Special Reference to Antioxidant Intake

Lavanya Parthasarathy, Anuradha Khadilkar, Shashi Chiplonkar,

Vaman Khadilkar, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, 32, Sassoon Road, Pune.

Email: parthasarathy.lavanya@gmail.com

Complications related to DM impair the endogenous antioxidant system. Further, dietary restrictions imposed on a diabetic child, narrow down food choices. This may lead to micronutrient antioxidant deficiencies. Studies in dietary patterns and micronutrient antioxidant intake of diabetics are scarce. The objective of the present study was to assess dietary patterns of diabetic children with age-sex matched healthy controls with special reference to micronutrient antioxidant intake. Anthropometry, diet (3-day recall) were measured in 60 diabetics and controls. Dietary patterns were determined by principal component analysis (PCA). Mean age of DM group/ controls was 10.6 ± 3.4 years. DM group had higher intakes of milk, fruits, vegetables and lower intakes of refined cereals, pulses, animal products than controls (p<0.05). All 5 diet patterns revealed by PCA in DM group contained micronutrient rich foods (fruits, vegetables). Amongst 6 dietary patterns in controls, only 2 included fruits/ vegetables. All children failed to meet recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for energy (1568±446 Kcals,82% RDA), but exceeded protein (39.6±13gm,115% RDA) and fat (43.7±6gm,133%RDA) RDA. Diabetics consumed significantly lesser dietary fats (40.5 ± 13.6gm vs 46.8±17.7gm, p<0.05). Both groups did not meet RDA for micronutrient intake. Calcium (651.6 ± 272.0mg vs 442.7 ±245.4mg), vitamin C (34.18± 23.26mg vs 23.25±15.09mg), and zinc (5.47±2.09mg vs 4.49±2.11mg) intakes were significantly higher amongst diabetics (p<0.05). Consumption of fruits and vegetables was higher amongst diabetics, possibly attributable to a regulated diet. There is a need to encourage all children to consume more micronutrient rich foods to improve antioxidant status and less fatty foods. Keywords: diabetic, micro-nutrient, antioxidant

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OSCN-4

Heavy Metal Contamination in Street Foods of Kolkata

Debalina Ghosh1, M.Sudarshan2, Anindita Chakraborty2, Vipasha Chakraborty1, 1J.D.Birla Institute, 11, Lower Rawdon Street, Kolkata 700020; 2 UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research,

Kolkata Centre, Sector III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 098. E-mail: cvipasha@gmail.com

Contamination of food and food products by heavy metals has made dietary intake as one

of the major routes of these harmful elements to human beings. The human dietary intake of heavy metals from street foods (rice, vegetable chow, potato fry, sada vada) in Kolkata were determined. The cooked food was bought from the street food-vendors at 3 city locations (Dalhousie, Parkstreet, and Sector- 5) and analyzed. Heavy metal concentrations were determined by EDXRF (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence) Spectroscopy after freeze drying of the samples. The results showed significant variation in heavy metal concentration among the foodstuff and at the different locations. The results were compared to the standard elemental concentrations of foodstuffs given by ICMR and the tolerated Upper Limit of the elements, to estimate risk of toxicity.

Keywords: street foods, contamination, tolerated upper limit

OSCN-5

Impact of Stress Relieving Foods on Stress Management and Nutritional Status among Working Adult Women

Usharani. R and Mrs. U. K. Lakshmi Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home science and Higher education for

Women, Coimbatore – 641 043, Tamil Nadu. Every human being faces challenges and obstacles during life and sometimes the pressure is hard to handle resulting in stress. This study was aimed at assessing the stress level among 250 women working in silk fibre mills located at Arni taluk of Thiruvannamalai District of Tamil Nadu using Occupational Stress Index (a maximum score of 230). Based on stress scores, 40 adult women with high scores (156-230) were selected. Stress relieving foods such as lime juice, milk and banana were selected and supplemented to three experimental groups (Group I-Lime juice-200ml, Group II- Milk-200ml and Group III-Banana-1no.) daily for three months. One group of 10 women served as control. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometry, biochemical and clinical methods. Nutrition education was also given to all. The mean stress scores of the supplemented groups was found to reduce due to supplementation of Lime Juice by 99.9, Milk by 73 and Banana by 98 which were found to be statistically significant at one per cent level. Control group showed a significant increase in their stress scores. Hemoglobin levels of all the supplemented groups increased by 1.3g (Lime juice group), 1g (Milk group) 1.1g/dl (Banana group) and found to be significant at one per cent level whereas Control group showed no change in Hemoglobin levels. All the experimental groups showed a highly significant increase in nutrition knowledge scores whereas control group showed no change in scores. The findings revealed the effectiveness of lime juice and banana in reducing stress among women.

Keywords: stress relief, stress management, nutritional status, adult women

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OSCN-6 Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Primiparous Urban

Indian Mothers and their Newborns

Neha Kajale, Anuradha Khadilkar, Shashi Chiplonkar Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, 32, Sasoon Road, Pune 411001,

Email: nakajale@gmail.com

Mother’s Vitamin D (Vit-D) status has greater influence on baby’s bone mass accrual during childhood. Severe Vitamin D Deficiency (VDD) also causes secondary hyperparathyroidism in non-pregnant women. Aim of our study was to determine prevalence of VDD among primiparous urban mothers postpartum and its influence on baby’s cord blood status. In a tertiary care centre catering to urban population, 101 full term primiparous mothers within 1 week postpartum volunteered for study. Maternal demographic characteristics, anthropometric data, sunlight exposure during pregnancy were collected by standardised questionnaire. Maternal overnight fasting venous blood (serum) was estimated for Vit-D and Para-Thyroid-Hormone by standard lab procedures. On a subset (n=25), cord blood Vit-D was measured. All mothers (mean age 27.8 ± 3.5 yrs) were below reference range of Vit-D. Out of 101 mothers 94% mothers were deficient in Vit-D (Vit-D < 50 nmol/L) and 6 % were sufficient in Vit-D (> 50 nmol/L). Mean maternal serum Vit-D was 25.5 ± 13.2 nmol/L and cord blood Vit-D was 24.9 ± 9.5 nmol/L. Sunlight exposure of 78% mothers was less than 15 mins/day indicating risk for VDD. Twenty percent women reported hyperparathyroidism (PTH > 66.5 pg/ml). Vit-D was positively correlated with cord blood Vit-D (r= 0.59, P<0.05) and negatively correlated with PTH (r= -0.36, P<0.05), suggesting the need for maternal adequacy of Vit-D. High prevalence of VDD along with secondary hyper parathyroidism was noted among primiparous mothers and their newborns. Hence, screening for Vit-D concentrations during last trimester of pregnancy and educating mothers for adequate sunlight exposure and Vit-D supplementation is necessary.

Keywords: vitamin D, hyperparathyroidism, sunlight OSCN-7

Assessment of Dietary Intakes in Normotensive Women and Women with Preeclampsia

Anitha Kilari1, Kamini Dangat1, Savita Mehendale2, Sadhana Joshi*1

1Dept. of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs; 2Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-411043

E-mail: srjoshi62@gmail.com

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy specific syndrome which is characterized by hypertension, proteinuria and edema. PE affects 5-8% of all pregnancies resulting in both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Multiple factors have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. However, it is not clear whether dietary patterns play a role in the etiology of preeclampsia. The present study therefore assesses the frequency of consumption of various food groups in women with preeclampsia and compares them with normotensive women served as controls. A total of singleton pregnant women (n=347) (preeclampsia (n=200) and control (n=147)) were recruited for this cross sectional study from Bharati Hospital, Pune. Food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of intake of various food groups using

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‘Nutritive Values of Indian Foods’ and the frequency of intake of foods was recorded on an eight point scale from ‘never’ to ‘thrice daily’. The monthly scores were calculated for each food item. The frequency of consumption of milk, whole pulses, vegetables, salads, fasting foods was lower in women with preeclampsia as compared to normotensive women. In contrast, Indian snacks like idli, dosa, upma were consumed more by the preeclamptic group as compared to the controls. However, the frequency of consumption of folic acid, vitamin B12, Omega 3 fatty acid rich food groups was similar between preeclampsia and control groups. Adequate intake of milk which is a rich source of calcium and proteins during pregnancy which may help reduce the prevalence of preeclampsia.

Keywords:preeclampsia, maternal morbidity/mortality, Neonatal morbidity/mortality, food frequency OSCN-8

Comparison of Under-Nutrition among Children using WHO and National Centre for Health Statistics Standards

Rakesh.K.Nayak 1, Padmaja.R.Walvekar 2, Maheshwar Mallapur 3, Sangappa.M.Katti4

1 Dept. of Community Medicine, KLE University’s Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Belgaum, Karnataka

E-mail: commed@jnmc.edu

NCHS/WHO growth reference (NCHS reference) is being used for assessment of nutritional status since late 1960’s.But NCHS reference has its limitations as the reference sample had babies who were top fed and sample was pooled from only one country. The objective was to assess the nutritional status of under-five children based on anthropometry and to compare the under-nutrition rates based on newly developed WHO child growth standards (WHO standards) and National Centre for Health statistics NCHS/WHO international growth reference ( NCHS reference) standards. A cross sectional study was conducted in a Primary Health Centre area. The study population consisted of children 1-5yrs of age and their mothers. Simple size calculated was 933. Anthropometric measurements, i.e., height, weight of each subject, were taken according to the standard procedures. Children were considered with underweight, stunting and wasting if their weight-for age, height-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores below -2.0 SD of the NCHS and WHO standards. Statistical analyses were performed using EPI INFO statistical package. The present study included 933 (453 males and 480 females) under five children. The prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight ( < -2 SD ) by WHO standards was 23.7%, 38.2% and 37% respectively and by NCHS was 23.5%, 33% and 46.6% respectively. The prevalence of severe wasting, stunting and underweight (< - 3 SD) was 7.4% , 14.3% and 8.8% respectively by WHO standards and 4.1%, 11.8% and 9.8% respectively by NCHS standards. The rates of severe wasting, severe stunting were higher in boys and severe underweight were higher in girls. When compared with WHO and NCHS standards, prevalence of wasting was almost similar, but stunting and underweight was more by NCHS classification. Severe wasting and stunting were more by WHO classification. WHO classification would be preferred to assess malnutrition among Indian under-five children. Keywords: nutritional status, anthropometry, under nutrition wasting

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OSCN-9

Development of Healthy Snacks to improve Protein, Calcium and

Micronutrient Intake of Young Population

Chandrakala Mannuru1 and Rama Kawade2 1Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, SNDT College of Home Science, Karve Road, Pune.

2Health Genesis, Pune. Email: cmannuru@gmail.com

Fast food consumption is increasing in India especially among young population leading to

poor quality of diet. Healthy eating options may help to improve quality of the diet. The objective of the study was to develop healthy-snacks and evaluate their acceptability and nutrient content. Cross-sectional study was carried out to understand food preferences of the children. Healthy-snacks were developed by modifying ingredients and cooking methods of food items such as cake, pizza, chaats, soups and parathas. The healthy-snacks were assessed for their acceptability, using a five-point hedonic scale by a panel of 25 members. Nutrient content was computed using Indian nutritive values database. Nutritive value of healthy-snacks was expressed as nutrient content per 100 kcal and compared with nutrient content of the available market options, using Wilcoxon-Signed Ranks test. A total of 28 healthy-snacks were developed. Average acceptability score was 4.2±0.08 and overall acceptability of all the snacks was above 80%. Average energy content of the healthy-snacks per 100g of cooked weight was 154±84 kcal. Content of protein, fat, calcium, iron, carotene and vitamin C per 100kcal was 2.7g, 2.7g, 46mg, 1.4mg, 452µg, and 9.7mg, respectively. Energy and fat content of healthy-snacks were lower than the marketed options, however contents of protein, calcium and micronutrients were significantly high (p<0.05). Thus, modification in the ingredients significantly improved the nutritive value of healthy-snacks, yet did not affect their acceptability. Hence the junk foods can also be made nutritious by modifying and can be better option to improve diet quality of young population.

Keywords: fast food, healthy snacks, acceptability, nutrient value, young population

OSCN-10

Double Fortified Salt Supplementation with De-worming and Nutrition Health Education : Effective Measure to Improve

Micronutrient and Cognitive Status of Rural School Children in Gujarat

Kejal Joshi1 and Sirimavo Nair2 1Dept. of Foods and Nutrition, Family and Community Sciences, 2The Maharaja Sayajirao University of

Baroda, Vadodara-39002, Gujarat Email: kejaljoshi@gmail.com, sirinair@yahoo.com

Current nutrition strategies in India towards controlling malnutrition among school children

have been a priority. However, meeting majority of the MDGs by controlling micronutrient deficiencies among these children demands attention and an intense effort by the country. Various state governments have implemented different strategies in school health programs, but the results are not very promising. Thus as an universal strategy, double fortified salt (DFS) can be implemented as a measure to combat for two micronutrients. The objective of the study was to

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assess the impact of DFS supplementation on micronutrient status (iron and iodine) of rural school children with deworming and NHE. School children (N=947) (6-15 years)from rural villages of Vadodara,Gujarat were randomly selected and divided including supplementation and deworming as strategies in 4 case control groups. After 9 months of supplementation, Median UIE improved significantly (p<0.001) in both the groups and the prevalence of iodine deficiency decreased significantly (p<0.001). Mean Hb improved (0.42 g/dl) significantly (p<0.001) among supplemented group compared to decrease (-0.54 g/dl) among control groups. IQ/cognition scores also improved significantly among experimental groups (p<0.01, Memory and draw-a-man test scores) compared to control groups. Visual memory test scores were observed sensitive towards iron deficiency anemia. However, NHE provided to the parents of the school children, helped to meet major proportion of RDA of the children. The study results revealed that the micronutrient status of the children was observed to improve significantly, who were benefited by all three strategic approaches. Thus, it can be concluded that, DFS production and consumption should be taken as a universal strategy by health system and multiple strategies to benefit the targeted population in simple and most effective way, should be implemented.

Keywords : double fortification, de-worming, nutrition health education, micronutrient status, cognitive skills OSCN-11

Community-Based Lifestyle Program to lower Diabetes Risk Factors to Improve Self-Management in Rural India

Padmini Balagopal1, Ranjita Misra2, Thakor G. Patel3, N. Kamalamma1 1Gandhigram Rural Institute, 2 West Virginia University School of Public Health, 3 Uniformed Services

University, Bethesda, Maryland Email: velchet2@gmail.com

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to rise at an alarming rate in India, Yet

population-based lifestyle interventions are lacking was evaluated. The effectiveness of 6-month community-based lifestyle (diet/physical activity) program for diabetes prevention and management in Gujarat. Community-based participatory research method was used to plan and tailor the intervention by engaging community stakeholders and building trust and capacity. Trained trainers were used as change agents to provide health and lifestyle educations, serve as community advocates, and to collect data. Recruitment and intervention data were collected from 1638 rural Indians (81.9% response rate), using door-to-door visits by staff. Ten culturally and linguistically-appropriate health education messages were provided in face-to-face individual and group sessions to all participants. Group sessions included demonstrations of model meals and cooking techniques. Mean age was 41.9 ± 15.9 years. Overall point prevalence of diabetes, pre-diabetes, obesity and hypertension were 7.2%, 19.3%, 16.7%, and 28% respectively with significant differences between the low and the high SES (business community) socioeconomic status (SES; agricultural workers) due to differing diet and activity levels. High rates of undiagnosed hypertension (26.1%), even in the low SES farm worker group were surprising. Intervention significantly reduced blood glucose levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Knowledge of diabetes and cardiovascular disease also improved by 50% in the high SES group and doubled in the low SES group. Through collective community engagement, participatory programs can serve as a prototype for future prevention and management efforts, to stem the increase of this epidemic in India.

Keywords: diabetes, community based life style, obesity, hypertension

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OSCN-12 Prevalence of Anaemia among the Self Help Group Women

Padmapriya. T, and U. K. Lakshmi

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

Email : padmapriyaselvakumar@gmail.com

Among the Micronutrient deficiencies, iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most serious public health problem. Estimates of IDA in women and children have varied from 50-70%. It is now essential to find out the impact of anaemia in order to sensitize the people to the causes and consequences. Fifty Self Help Groups were selected purposively. From Each Group, five women members were selected at random. Thus a total number of 250 members formed the sample for the study. Anthropometric measurements were used to assess their general nutritional status. Clinical assessment was done for all the selected women by a medical practitioner for the signs of Iron deficiency diseases using a schedule formulated and the level of haemoglobin was measured to determine the prevalence of anaemia. . It was found out that 42 per cent of women had levels below 10g/dl and 34 per cent had levels ranging between 10 and 11.9 g/dl. Twenty four per cent of women had normal levels. Mild and moderate anaemia found among women might be due to the poor intake of iron rich foods. All the foods consumed by the Self Help Group women were found to be deficient in micronutrients when compared against the Balanced diets suggested by ICMR (1984). The deficiency in the intake of Roots and Tubers, Leafy vegetables, Fruits and other vegetables was found to be above 50 per cent. Efforts in educating the women might improve the health and nutritional profile of the women.

Keywords: anaemia, self help groups, women, anthropometry OSCN-13

Status of Food Security in Tamil Nadu, 1983 -2010

Anuradha. G, M S Swaminathan Research Foundation, Taramani Institutional Area, Chenani, 600 113

One of the major concerns of development in India, since independence, has been the

status of food security of its people. Average calorie consumption levels has shown a general decline over three decades since early 1970s, in rural and urban areas of India, referred to in the literature as the ‘consumption puzzle.’ There are however wide variations across the country with respect to the status of food security and this paper is an attempt at exploring the experience of one of the most developed States, viz. Tamil Nadu. This paper shall analyze the various factors that have a bearing on food security such as the consumption levels, employment status, access to safe drinking water, sanitation, health facilities and nutritional outcome indicators covering a period 1983 to 2009-10. In Tamil Nadu the State has played an active role in ensuring food security to the people by implementing a Universal Public Distribution System, an approach different from other State governments. In this context, a detailed case study of Tamil Nadu is important and the insights may be useful inputs for the proposed food security bill. The analysis would be at a disaggregated level of rural and urban areas of Tamil Nadu as well as across different consumption-expenditure classes. The paper shall rely on secondary sources of data, essentially NSSO, NFHS and Census.

Keywords: food security, calorie consumption, rural and urban areas.

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OSCN-14

Food Labeling: Consumer Use and Understanding of Nutrition Labels

Meenu Singh, Suneeta Chandorkar and Aditi Joshi Dept. of Foods & Nutrition, Family & Community Sciences, The Maharaja Sayajirao

University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 002 Email: somvanshi.meenu@gmail.com, suneetachandorkar@hotmail.com

Food labels make use of symbols and logos for quality assurance; ingredients list provides

information on various ingredients, their alternative sources, allergen information and also helps substantiate nutrition and health claims. The nutrient profile on Nutrition Facts Panel (NFP) facilitates healthy food choices. The present investigation examined the compliance of nutrition labeling with Food Safety and Standards Act (FSSA) in processed packaged foods. Food labels from 721 branded foods (grouped into 25 categories) selected from various local super/hyper stores were examined for the same. Mandatory compliance for five basic nutrients as per FSSA was met for energy (100%) followed by carbohydrate (99%), protein (95%), fat (87%) and least for sugars (76%). Thirty five percent of the packaged foods had either one or more quality symbols. The most commonly found quality symbols were FPO (29%) and HACCP (5%). Nutrition claims were found in 28% of the products, out of which fat (19%) and cholesterol (9%) related were the most common. Seventy two percent of the products had one or more allergic component in the ingredients list, but only 12% of the products substantiated it with allergen caution/claim. The consumer awareness survey (n=260, aged 10 yrs and above) showed that 32% of the subjects did not understand the food labels. The most difficult to comprehend information on food labels were nutrients in International Units (I.U.) and percent Daily Value (29.2%). Therefore, there is a need to ensure appropriate labeling of foods and raise consumer awareness for healthy food selection.

Keywords: food labels, packaged foods, quality, food safety.

OSCN-15

Coping Strategies Adopted by Households to Improve the Food Security Situation

Palak Gupta, Kalyani Singh, Veenu Seth

Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, Sikandara Road, New Delhi-110001 E-mail: palgupta87@gmail.com

Understanding coping strategies is essential for reflecting individual household experiences

during the period of resource crisis. The objective of the study was to understand the coping strategies adopted by families to mitigate the effects of food insecurity. For the study, 236 households were randomly selected from two slums of urban Delhi. Information on household food insecurity (HFI) was collected using 18-item Household Food Security scale. For coping strategies, adapted coping strategy index was administered. The interview schedule was prepared in Hindi and adult women were the respondents. It was found that 53% households were found food insecure. The positive strategies adopted by food insecure families to reduce hunger were buying cheap and locally available food (87%), using food reserves (58%), reliance on government aid (48%), purchasing food on credit (33%), eating at religious places (41.6%), starting part time work along-with regular work (41%) and making use of local saving mechanisms (34%). These practices were significantly associated with food insecurity (p<0.05). A few harmful practices

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identified and associated with HFI (p<0.05) were liquidation of assets (17.6%), borrowing money from lenders (25%), reducing number of meals (34%) and limiting portion size (55%). Strong correlation was found between coping strategies and HFI (r=0.6, p<0.001). It can thus be concluded that the study provides valuable information for understanding the experiences and capturing core behaviors faced by food insecure households. This will help in formation of baseline for developing an effective community based program.

Keywords: copying strategies, household food security, household food insecurity.

OSCN-16

Sensitization of Call Center Women Workers on Ways of Preventing Health Hazards through Awareness Programmes

Parimalam,P1, G.G.Kavitha Shree2, D.Gayathri3, M.R.Premalatha4,

G.Sashidevi5 and A.KGanguli6, Home Science College & RI, Madurai, Dept of Post harvest technology, AC&RI, Coimbatore,

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Trichy. Email: kavikarthikfsn@gmail.com

The project aimed to quantify the health problems of women workers in four different

leading IT companies at Chennai and also to sensitize the women workers on ways of prevention of health hazards through awareness programmes. One hundred and eighty women workers were randomly selected and the mean age of the women workers was 24.47 (+3.34 years). Because of the frequent change of work timings they face several health problems like disturbances in their biological sleep patterns (86 %). Forty six per cent rated the call center operations as heavy, and 44 per cent rated it as a moderate work and only very few rated it as very light (2%), light (3%) and very heavy (5%) accordingly. Forty eight percent of women workers had severe stress related health problems like irregular menstruation (29%) and anemia (22 %) which might be due to their faulty dietary practices because of their work. Eighty five per cent of the women workers had high blood pressure and related problems and other gynecological problems (15%). This may be due to their stressful job nature, poor physical exercises and wrong dietary practices like skipping meals, irregular meal intake, fast food consumption at their firm, imbalanced dietary intake etc., Five multidisciplinary training programmes were conducted which had the components of nutrition for sedentary workers, ergonomics at work and physiotherapy exercises exclusively for computer users which were given through audio-visual aids such as ppts, video clippings, posters, photographs, nutrition games combined with lectures. A training manual was specially designed with 3-D illustrations for providing awareness among workers. To assess the impact of the training programme, a knowledge testing scale was developed and given prior and after the training programme. It was found that, minimum score was 55 and maximum score was 88 with a mean of 74.9+ 3.3 for pre evaluation test. The minimum score for post evaluation was 56 and maximum was 94 with a mean of 81.7+6.4. Paired‘t’ test showed that there was significant increase in knowledge level after education program(P=0.001). Thus, awareness programmes is the need of the hour for call center workers to implement health issues, which will pave long way in reducing medical cost issues to the firm.

Keywords: call centre women workers, health hazards, sensitization, awareness programmes, training manual

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OSCN-17 Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of State Players of

Tamil Nadu with Respect to Sports Nutrition

Mini Joseph1, and Prema.L2 1Dept. of Home Science, Govt. College for Women, Trivandrum, 2Retd. Prof Nutrition,

Kerala Agricultural University, Trivandrum, Kerala, Email: minijoseph66@yahoo.in

The study to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of State players of Tamil

Nadu with respect to sports nutrition was conducted on the female players residing in Government hostel situated at Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu for a period of 6 months. Tailored nutrition education on sports nutrition was rendered for 4 consecutive Sundays of 3 hour duration using power point and posters. They were tested before each class and immediately after each session using pre-tested and standardised questions. They were given 20 minutes to answer the questions. Tests were repeated at 3rd month and at 6th month to assess their retention power. Scores were analysed using the Paired ‘t” test. Statistical analysis showed that they obtained a significantly higher knowledge score immediately after the class and at the 3rd & 6th.month as compared to that obtained before the class and at the 1st month. The attitude test showed that there was a significant change in attitude by the 3rd month. But by the 6th month this was not significant. There was a significant change in practices by the 3rd & 6th month. Good healthy and hygienic practices were adopted. This is considered a good outcome of the study. Thus we conclude that tailored Nutrition classes are a useful tool in enhancing the knowledge of the sportspersons and in adopting positive practices. But lasting changes in attitudes require persistent interaction and reaffirmation.

Keywords: sport nutrition, attitude test, analysis.

OSCN-18 Nutrient Analysis of Breakfast Items Consumed by

Adolescents of Dharwad Taluk

Netravati Yattinamani1, Pushpa Bharati1, Shobha Nagnur2, 1Dept. of Food science and Nutrition, 2 Dept. of Extension and Communication Management, Rural Home

Science College, University of agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India, Email: pcb02@rediffmail.com, yattinamaninetravati@gmail.com

A total of 1000 adolescents (both gender) were selected from rural and urban Dharwad for assessing breakfast behaviour. Among the breakfast items, dosa was consumed by high per cent (78.43%) of adolescents irrespective of gender and locality, followed by upma (71.68%).High per cent of the subjects consumed curds as an accompaniment with avalakki (46.91%), pulav (32.80%), churmuri (30.31%) and rice (50.44%). High percent of adolescents consumed chutney with idli (61.75%), dosa (39.00%), paddu (72.18%) and uttappa (42.58%).

Highest energy was provided by paddu + coconut chutney (328kcal / serving), while roti + brinjal baji provided higher amounts of carbohydrate (59.95 g/ serving). Higher amount of fat was provided by dosa + coconut chutney (15.94g / serving). Highest fat energy was derived from puri + coconut chutney (64. 91%), while carbohydrate energy was derived from roti+brinjal baji. Among beverages, highest energy provided by milk (130 kcal). None of the adolescents of all age groups and genders could not meet one third RDA of major nutrients through breakfast (except vitamin – C, B1 and folic acids). But could meet more than 50 per cent of one third RDA of protein and fat.

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The intake of vitamin C through breakfast was more than double the one third RDA in adolescents of all age groups and gender. Among boys, the intake of vitamin B1 (6.06 µg) and folic acids (35.00 µg) was more than the one third RDA. Thus, breakfast could meet more than 50 per cent of the one third RDA of nutrients.

Keywords: adolescents, breakfast items, major nutrients. OSCN-19

Factors Related to Waist Circumference in Urban South Indian Children Aged 3-16 Years

Rebecca Kuriyan1, Tinku Thomas2, S Sumithra2, Deepa P Lokesh1, Nishita R Sheth1,

Renju Joy1, Swarnarekha Bhat3 and Anura V Kurpad1 1Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, 2Division of Biostatistics, St. John’s Research Institute,

3Dept. of Pediatrics, St. John’s Medical College Hospital, Bangalore – 560034. Email: rebecca@sjri.res.in

The increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents is a serious public health problem. The objectives of the present study was to identify important factors (linked to lifestyle, eating and sedentary behaviors) relating to waist circumference among urban South Indian children aged 3 to 16 years. The cross sectional study was carried out in urban schools of Bangalore, from August 2008 to January 2010. Patterns of food consumption, physical activity and behaviors related to food intake was available for 8444 children; 4707 children aged �10 years and 3737 children aged > 10 years. Data was collected on the frequency of consumption of certain foods, physical activity patterns, sedentary habits at home, sleep duration and certain behaviors such as habits of snacking, skipping breakfast, eating in front of television and frequency of eating out. Simple linear regression analysis of waist circumference on various food items, physical activity, behavior and parental BMI were performed. The statistically significant regression coefficient of sleep duration, eating in front of television and maternal BMI with waist circumference were -1.6, 1.1 and 0.5 respectively. Increased consumption of bakery items, non vegetarian foods, increased television viewing, decreased sleep duration, eating while watching television, snacking between meals, family meals, skipping breakfast (in older children) and parental BMI were found to be related to waist circumference. Longitudinal studies with better measures of morbidity and adiposity are warranted in order to derive causal relationships between various determinants and waist circumference.

Keywords: obesity, food consumption pattern, physical activity, waist circumference OSCN-20

Development and Evaluation of Software on Nutrition and Health Education for HIV Positive Women

Dhipali.K.T, Raajeswari.PA Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and higher

education for women, Coimbatore. Email: kt.dhipali@gmail.com

A survey was carried among 25 HIV /AIDS positive women of Coimbatore district. The

objective of the research was to study the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of the HIV/AIDS

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positive women and develop software on nutrition and health education and assess its effect. The BMI of the respondents revealed that 54% were normal, 24% were overweight and 16% were underweight. All the subjects had a haemoglobin level between 7 and 11. The CD4 T cell count was below 300 for 32%, 301-500 for 20% and above 500 for 48% of HIV/AIDS positive women. The consumption of cereals, pulses and sugar were in excess amount and all other nutrients were deficient. The mean values of the subjects was calculated before and after imparting education with the developed software was 5.36 and 19.0 for Knowledge, 6.40 and 18.56 for Attitude, 5.76 and 4.68 for Practice. Thus the developed software showed a steady improvement in the HIV/AIDS positive women. Apart from this pamphlets, booklets were developed and distributed to the subject which included health and hygienic aspects to be followed to cope up with the disease. A cookery demonstration was also done to the HIV/AIDS positive women, using the antioxidant rich foods to boost up their immune system. Thus the conducted survey and education was very useful and need of the hour for maintaining the health of the people who were not normal. Regular camps on Nutrition and Diet for HIV/AIDS positive people can be conducted for their better lifestyle.

Keywords: HIV positive women, nutritional and health education, software, KAP

OSCN-21

Food Safety and Quality Control Attributes of Street Foods Consumed by Adolescents in Dharmapuri District

Kowsalya. S, and Nasreen Banu

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore

E mail id: kowsiskk@yahoo.co.in In India, where street foods are gaining overwhelming momentum, equally strong efforts with broder dimensions are needed to explore the safety of the street foods. Hence the present study was carried out with specific objectives of assessing the consumption pattern of street foods among the selected adolescents, evaluating the proximate composition, microbial contamination, degree of adulteration, HACCP analysis of selected foods and evaluating the hygienic practices adopted by vendors. Initially, information was elicited on the socio - economic background, dietary pattern and consumption pattern of street foods by administering a questionnaire to 400 adolescents, 200 subjects (100 boys and 100 girls) each from urban and rural areas. Based on the results of the initial survey, eight commonly consumed street foods were selected from different vendors and analysed for macro and micro nutrients. Samples of water used for cooking and drinking purposes were analysed for the presence of coliforms. Samples were analyzed for adulterants. HACCP concept was applied to one of the selected street food item namely panipuri. The hygienic practices adopted by 40 street vendors were studied using a check list. Health and food safety education was conducted thrice a week for a period of one month to all the vendors and its impact was evaluated. Results revealed that the street foods of Dharmapuri district are quite unsafe in terms of sanitary quality, adulteration and safety of the street foods is far from satisfactory.

Keywords: street foods, food safety & quality, HACCP analysis, microbial contamination adulteration

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OSCN-22 Prevelance of Types of Cancer among Selected Subjects

of Coimbatore District

Ithayamalar. S and Kowsalya. S Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Higher

Education for Women, Coimbatore. E mail id: ithayaaa@gmail.com

Cancer is becoming an increasingly important factor in the global burden of disease. There

are 24.6 million people living with cancer at the moment, by 2020, cancer could kill over 10 million people per year. The estimated number of new cases annually is expected to rise from 10.9 million in 2002 to 16 per cent of those cases will occur in the less developed parts of the world. Almost seven million people now die each year from cancer. A comprehensive study was done for a group of 100 cancer subjects was selected subjects. Information relating to the socio economic status including age, income, educational status, age of marriage, food habits, meal pattern, consumption of beverages, smoking habit, physical activities like duration, type and kind of exercise, type, duration, therapy of cancer, factors determining the health status of the subjects such as family history of disease, dietary modification, secondary complications, food allergy were collected using an interview schedule. Ethical clearance as well as oral and written consent was obtained prior to conduct of the study. The result thus obtained was also used for selecting the type of intervention on selected sub samples. The finding of the present study throws light on the prevalence of various types of cancer and associated factors that outlined an idea for contributing elements towards formation/ progression of certain type of tumor. Supplementation of antioxidant mix to selected breast cancer subjects for a period of three months revealed an improvement in antioxidant status of subjects.

Keywords: types of cancer, prevalence, associated factors, antioxidant supplementation

OSCN-23

A Study on Cereal Food Consumption Pattern of Babies Between Six Months to Three Years of Age in A Slum Area

of Ganjam District, Odisha

Subhra Satapathy Dept. of Home Science, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupathi.

Cereal grains are the seeds of domesticated grasses. Cereals form the staple food of

human race. Wheat, rice, maize(corn), barley, oats, jowar and bajra are the common cereal foods used in many rural areas, including large parts of Asia and Africa. Cereals provide more than 70 percent of the energy in the common diet. Cereals as a whole are the rich sources of starch or carbohydrates and good sources of protein in an Indian diet. Millets like ragi are the rich source of minerals and calcium. Cereals are also good sources of B complex vitamins. The present study was carried out to study the consumption of these cereals by the 6 months to 3 years children amongst rural slum area of Ganjam District of Odisha. The methodology followed includes survey of the rural slum available in this area. All the families were screened for six months to three years children. Families which contain these age group children are only selected randomly. Out of 150 families surveyed, only 20 samples consisting of children from these age groups, were considered

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for the study. Interview schedule was prepared for interviewing the mothers, to collect the information regarding the cereal food intake. Results of the study revealed that most(20%) of mothers give ragi gruel and double cooked rice(25%) to their babies as supplements during the age, group of 6-12 months. After that particular age the babies are provided with those cereal foods which the elders use to consume (18-36months).The reason for their less nutrient intake is mostly due to their low income status.

Keywords: cereals, food consumption, slum, children.

OSCN-24

Evaluation of Nutritional Status by Using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) Method and Socio-Economic Status of Patients

with Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Liver Disease

Neha Singh,¹ Vinod Kumar Dixit, Sunit Kumar Shukla, Ashok Kumar Jain Dept. of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi

Email: neha.gastro@gmail.com

Alcohol consumption is directly associated with liver disease mortality and accounts for elevated social and economic costs. The severity and prognosis of alcohol induced liver disease depends on the amount, pattern and duration of alcohol consumption as well as on the presence of liver inflammation, diet, nutritional status and genetic predisposition of an individual. To analyze the nutritional status in alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver diseased by subjective global assessment (SGA) anthropometrics, biochemical data and socio-economic status, a total of 178 patients with alcoholic liver diseases(ALD) (48.6%) and non alcoholic liver diseases (NALD) (51.4 %) and mean age of 37.8±12.4 were included in this study. Diagnosis was based on clinical features, relevant blood investigations and radio imaging modalities. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometry and SGA method. Mean value of BMI for ALD and NALD were 20.9±3.2 kg/m2and 23.9±27 kg/m2 respectively (P=.289). According to SGA, nutritional status of ALD was A(4.6%), B(52.9%), C(42.5%), but in NALD patients A(5.4%), B(58.1%), C(35.5%) respectively. MAMC(cm) was slightly higher in NALD 25.4±3.9 than ALD(23±2.48) patients. There was a higher prevalence of ascites in ALD patients. Serum albumin (6.3±29,2.7±.79,P=.302) and hemoglobin levels (9.1±2.7,8.9±2.74,P=.648) were shown to be insignificant between patients with ALD and NALD . Serum creatnine was significantly higher in ALD 1.86±2.47 than in NALD 1.2±.37( P=.007) patients. The Child's-Pugh Turcotte score of ALD was A(12.6%), B(44.8%), C(42.5%) but in NALD patients A(10.8%), B(59.2%), C(30%) respectively. The results conclude that the nutritional disorders were more severe with ALD than with NALD patients. Serum creatnine level was also significantly higher in alcoholic patients than in others.

Keywords: alcohol, liver, subjective global assessments. OSCN-25

TV Viewing Behaviour of Adolescents and Obesity

Anuradha. K1, C.Kalapriya2 Dept of Home Science, S.V. University, Tirupati.

Dept of Home Science, D.K.W. Degree College, Nellore.

All periods in the life span of development of individual are important. But, some are more important than others because of rapid growth and development during those stages and also due to development of change in attitude and behaviours. One such period is ‘adolescence’. It includes

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psychological, emotional and social maturity as well as physical maturity. The total nutrient needs are higher during adolescence than any other time in the lifecycle and at the same time the development of eating disorders are also more at this stage of life. Physical and psycho-social pressures influence adolescents eating habits. At one end body image distortion leads to anorexia nervosa and on the other hand over weight and obesity place adolescents at increased risk of significant health problems.

While every age has its problems, those of adolescence are often especially difficult for boys and girls to cope with. Television watching is one of the escapist fantasy seeking easily available a regular family activity for adolescents. The cable and satellite television is providing unlimited programmes round the clock. Though, people of all ages spend lot of time watching TV, children and adolescents differ in their attraction to television. With a causal relationship between television viewing and overweight, the mechanisms driving this are not well understood. To study the relationship between adolescent’s TV viewing and their obesity the present study was conducted. Students studying in 7th, 8th and 9th grades, in English medium schools in Tirupati town constituted the sample. Multi-stage purposive random sampling technique was used for selecting the sample. A sample of 90 adolescents were selected from three schools. Omnibus Schedule for Adolescents (Bharathi and Anuradha, 1998) and Food Assessment Schedule were used to collect the data. The height and weight were taken by following standard procedures for anthropometric measurements.

Results revealed that there is significant association between type of TV viewing of adolescents and their BMI. A positive correlation was found between television viewing time and body mass index of adolescents. The Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation value was 0.49 which is significant at 0.01 level. The significant levels of Chi-Square value and correlation coefficient value show the strength of association that heavy television viewing may cause obesity in at least some children. The results were discussed with a limitation of small sample size.

Keywords: TV viewing, behaviour, adolescents, obesity OSCN-26

Adoption of Behavior Change Communication Strategy for Food Security: Andhra Pradesh Academy of Rural Development’s Initiative

with Bharat Nirman Volunteers

K. Chandramouli, R. Arunjyothi, VSS.Prasad AMR-APARD,Hyderabad

Email: peshi_apard@gmail.com, jyothipunjala@gmail.com.

Food security as defined by WHO in three facets: food availability, food access, and food use and the fourth facet, the stability of the first three dimensions as added by FAO demands for a holistic approach. AMR- Andhra Pradesh Academy of Rural Development (APARD), the State’s Apex Training Institute for Panchayat Raj and Rural Development Dept.s has launched an innovative initiative under the banner KEYCAP which stands for KNOWLEDGEABLE AND EMPOWERED YOUTH IS THE KEY TO COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN ANDHRA PRADESH to bridge the gap and to take the programmes designed in the lab to the community i.e., to the land. The programme aims to empower the community, socially, politically and economically through a committed cadre of volunteers called Bharat Nirman Volunteers (BNVs). An attempt has been made by APARD through community participation in bringing about behavioral change

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among the people towards food security. Initially three villages falling in three regions of Andhra Pradesh were purposively selected on pilot basis. The BNVs of three villages formed Nutrition and health committees with the villagers and facilitated in conducting hemoglobin test for women with the help of local Primary Health Centres, conducted focus group discussions to elicit the information on the history of the foods consumed (time series analysis), awareness on the available schemes for food security. Orientation camps and demonstrations were organized by the Food and Nutrition Board, and development of the kitchen gardens by Krishi Vignana Kendras (KVKs). The inputs by nutritional specialists and functionaries on the importance of the traditional foods and the available schemes for the revival of the crops have triggered the interests of the villagers and many of the households have experimented with the kitchen gardens. The present paper presents the process followed; results achieved by engaging the local communities, to practice sustainable methods towards food security.

Keywords: food security, adoption behavior, communication strategy, rural development

OSCN-27

Low Grade Inflammation in Stressful Life Events is not Associated with Hypo-Ferremia among Adolescent Boys

Little Flower Augustine1, K Madhavan Nair1, Sylvia Fernandez Rao2,

Vishnu Vardhana Rao3, P. Ravinder1, N. Balakrishna3, Avula Laxmaiah4 and Shahnaz Vazir2,

1Division of Micronutrient Research, 2 Behavioral Sciences Unit, 3Division of Biostatistics,

4 Division of Community Studies, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad.

Email: lf1707@gmail.com

Acute and chronic inflammation may negatively affect iron supplementation programmes through elevated hepcidin leading to hypo-ferremia. Whether such a link exists in a low grade inflammatory state like psychological stress is not known. A cross-sectional design was used by randomly selecting 353 boys from 5 schools (15-19 y, N=1138) of Hyderabad. A subsample of 145 boys provided blood sample for analysis of haemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, hepcidin, IL-6 and C- reactive protein (CRP). Stress was assessed using adolescent life event stress scale, psychological distress by general health questionnaire -12 (GHQ-12) and approach and avoidance coping using coping, strategies scale. Data was subjected to regression, path analyses and ANCOVA, adjusting for potential confounders. Thirty six % were iron deficient. Stressful life events were significantly associated with IL-6 (�=0.196, P=0.012), CRP (�=0.217, P=0.010) and log hepcidin (�=0.228, P=0.006) and not with iron status. Hepcidin correlated significantly (P<0.001) with IL-6 (r=0.344) and CRP (r=0.370), but not with iron status. The link between stressful life events leading to higher IL-6 and hepcidin in path model showed acceptable fit. However, the path leading to hypo-ferremia was not significant. The results suggest that the stress-IL-6-hepcidin link exists but may not lead to hypo-ferremia among iron deficient adolescent boys. The reasons maybe an increased demand of iron, over-riding the effects of the axis and therefore may not influence supplementation programmes in iron deficient groups.

Keywords : inflammation, stress fulfill, hypo-ferremia, adolescent boys, iron supplementation

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OSCN-28

Fish Consumption Pattern and Prevalence of Cardio Vascular Diseases among Urban Households in Select Districts

of Andhra Pradesh

Madhavi. D, D.L.Kusuma Dept. of Home Science, S.V. University, Tirupati.

Email: syedmalan@yahoo.co.in

Fish has always been seen as a food necessary for good health. There is strong evidence that fish plays a major role in protecting against heart disease. In the past, Fish consumption, to a great extent was influenced by its availability. It was also dependent on the location of water sources such as ponds, tanks, rivulets, rivers and seas. In view of the health benefits of fish, a household survey on food consumption in general and fish consumption, in particular, was conducted in select urban areas of Chittoor (Non-Coastal) and Nellore(coastal) districts of Andhra Pradesh. The areas chosen for the survey are Tirupati representing the non-coastal region and Nellore representing the coastal areas. Five hundred households belonging to high, middle and low income groups were randomly chosen from both the study areas. The results reveal that the frequency of consumption in both the areas is higher among high income groups with a relatively higher values recorded by the HIG Nellore. Further, it is noted that among the low income group’s dry fish and small fish eating is still popular, probably owing to low cost. The average consumption of fish is once in a fortnight among the LIG in Tirupati. The CVD prevalence is more on the MIG in two urban areas, and the incidence of CVD is negligible in LIG. Thus the overall fish consumption was more in Nellore and the corresponding prevalence of CVD was also low as against Tirupati urban population. The study highlighted the great need to educate all income groups, to improve the frequency of consumption of this significant resource which will go a long way in preserving the heart health of all the members of the household and growing adolescents, in particular.

Keywords: fish consumption pattern, prevalence of CVD, different income groups, coastal and non-coastal regions

OSCN-29

Nutrition and Health Cost of Families With Children of Under Five Years Age

D. Sarada Dept. of Home Science, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visva vidyalayam, Tirupati –2.

The Health and Nutritional status of the individual is directly related to their quality of food intake and living conditions. Which in turn depends on their income and economic status. Nutrition and health status are interdependent, any change in nutritional status affects health status, similarly change in health status influences dietary intake and nutritional status. These changes affect the productivity of the individuals and thereby their livelihoods especially among the poor. An illness in the family, particularly of an economically active member of the household appears to be one of the most common and devastating shocks facing a poor household. Illness has a double effect on the livelihoods of the poor in the sense that there is a decrease in the household income due to loss of working days and at the same time there is an increase in expenditure due to medical costs and special diet involved.

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The Nutritional and Health costs of hundred and twenty families having children of under five years age living below the poverty line (BPL) in two urban mandals of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh was assessed. The health status of the families were examined by taking the general health, gender related health and child related health problems and their incidence and treatment into consideration. The impact of Nutritional and health costs on the families and possible solutions were discussed. The tools and methods used were Criterion Matrix, Focus Group Discussions, Nutrition and Health Service mapping.

Minimum Nutrition to all should be ensured by restructuring and Strengthening the existing public distribution system (PDS) and all Food material/groceries delivered through PDS should be consistent and regular in terms of quantity, quality cost and place. The primary Health Care services need to be strengthened and complete in all aspects as a delivery and service.

Keywords: nutritional status, illness, BPL, PDS, health care services �

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FREE COMMUNICATIONS - ORAL PRESENTATIONS

CLINICAL NUTRITION

OPCLN – 1 Gestational Glycemia and Maternal and Foetal outcome

Savitha. P, and Uma Mageshwari. S Dept. of Food Service Management and Dietetics, Avinashilingam Deemed University for Women,

Coimbatore – 641043. Email: psavitha15@gmail.com

The exponential increase in the rate of diabetes in pregnancy (Gestational diabetes

mellitus – GDM) is a health care burden and there is a compulsion to study the rates of the adverse foetal and neonatal outcomes. The objective of this study is to identify women with Gestational Glycemia and study the maternal and foetal outcome in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus(PGDM). About 500 pregnant women (n=500) reporting to antenatal outpatient department of a private hospital at Chennai were selected on the basis of stratified sampling and monitored throughout their gestational period. The maternal socio-demographic characteristics and biochemical assessment namely estimation of blood glucose and HbA1c was recorded. One hundred pregnant women (n=100) who had delivered babies during the study period were taken as a subsample to study the maternal outcome like parity, gestational period, mode of delivery and post partum blood glucose. Their foetal outcome like weight of the baby, gestational age, anthropometric measures, complications and neonatal blood glucose was recorded. The outcome of the study was statistically analyzed using independent‘t test and Pearson correlation to find the significance in the outcome between the groups. The findings of the study revealed that, of the hundred, 77 mothers had GDM and 23 mothers had PGDM prevalent in them. The PGDM mothers had increased hyperglycemia compared to GDM mothers and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Women with PGDM had greater risk of unfavorable pregnancy outcome than GDM. The study emphasizes the fact that frequent monitoring and strict glycemic control reduces both maternal and foetal complications.

Keywords: gestational glycemia, antenatal out patient, gestational period OPCLN – 2

Prevalence and associated Risk Ractors of Rsteoporosis among Postmenopausal Women in Manipur

Chingriyo Raihing and Uma Mageshwari. S,

Dept. of Food Service Management and Dietetics, Avinashilingam Institute of Home Science and Higher Education For Women, Coimbatore–641043.

Email : chingriyo@gmail.com, magikrish@rediffmail.com

Osteoporosis is becoming a women’s public health issue. In India, an estimated 30 million women are diagnosed to have osteoporosis and it is important to enhance the knowledge for acquisition of optimal peak bone mass and maintenance of bone mineral density among the postmenopausal women. The objective of the study was to study prevalence of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women, determine the possible risk factors associated with its prevalence, study the dietary intake pattern and to impart counselling. The study was carried out in

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Imphal district of Manipur. Among a universal population of 300 postmenopausal women, one hundred women were identified to be osteoporotic through bone mass densitometry test. Information on their background details, disease history, pregnancy and reproductive health and dietary intake and physical activity pattern were elicited through an interview schedule. Anthropometric measurements were taken for the selected women. The findings from this study suggest a significant positive correlation between the incidence of osteoporosis and the age of menopause. Early menopause was found to be a contributing factor towards osteoporosis among the postmenopausal women. Poor nutritional status, anthropometric measurements particularly waist to hip ratio on the higher side are predisposing factors for osteoporosis. The dietary intake of calcium was found to be inadequate. The physical activities of the women were found to be less and hence an adequate dietary calcium intake during the early years and adoption of physically active lifestyle during this period is important for the prevention of osteoporosis among the postmenopausal women and for promoting healthy womanhood.

Keywords: osteoporosis, post menopausal women, anthropometric, early menopause

OPCLN – 3

Sensitization of Call Center Women workers on ways of Preventing Health Hazards through Awareness Programmes

Parimalam. P, G.G. Kavitha Shree, D. Gayathri, M.R. Premalatha,

G. Sashidevi and A.KGanguli, Home Science College & RI, Madurai, Dept. of Post harvest technology, Agricultural College & Research

Institute, Coimbatore, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Trichy, Tamil Nadu E-Mail: kavikarthikfsn@gmail.com

The project aimed to quantify the health problems of women workers in four different

leading IT companies at Chennai and also to sensitize the women workers on ways of prevention of health hazards through awareness programmes. One hundred and eighty women workers were randomly selected and the mean age of the women workers was 24.47 (+3.34 years). Because of the frequent change of work timings they face several health problems like disturbances in their biological sleep patterns (86 %). Forty six per cent rated the call center operations as heavy, and 44 per cent rated it as a moderate work and only very few rated it as very light (2%), light (3%) and very heavy (5%) accordingly. Forty eight percent of women workers had severe stress related health problems like irregular menstruation (29%) and anemia (22 %) which might be due to their faulty dietary practices because of their work. Eighty five per cent of the women workers had high blood pressure and related problems and other gynaecological problems (15%). This may be due to their stressful job nature, poor physical exercises and wrong dietary practices like skipping meals, irregular meal intake, fast food consumption at their firm, imbalanced dietary intake etc., Five multidisciplinary trainings programmes were conducted which had the components of nutrition for sedentary workers, ergonomics at work and physiotherapy exercises exclusively for computer users which were given through audio-visual aids such as ppts, video clippings, posters, photographs, nutrition games combined with lectures. A training manual was specially designed with 3-D illustrations for providing awareness among workers. To assess the impact of the training programme a knowledge testing scale was developed and given prior and after the training programme. It was found that, minimum score was 55 and maximum score was 88 with a mean of 74.9+ 3.3 for pre evaluation test. The minimum score for post evaluation was 56 and maximum was 94 with a mean of 81.7+6.4. Paired‘t’ test showed that there was significant increase in

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knowledge level after education program(P=0.001). Thus, awareness programmes is the need of the hour for call center workers to implement health issues, which will pave along way in reducing medical cost issues to the firm. Keywords: women workers, anemia, gynaecological problem, irregular meal.

OPCLN – 4

High Folate coupled with Vitamin b12 Deficiency during Pregnancy may heighten Risk of small-for-Gestational Age Babies in South Indian

Women: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Julie R Barzilay1, Pratibha Dwarkanath2, Anura V Kurpad2, Annamma Thomas3, Swarnarekha Bhat4, Tinku Thomas2

1Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, 02138, 2St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 3Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, St. John’s Medical College Hospital, St.

John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 4Dept. of Pediatrics and Neonatology

Email: pratibha@sjri.res.in

To examine the effects of imbalanced vitamin B12 (B12) to folate intakes during pregnancy on the risk for delivering Small-for-Gestational-Age (SGA) babies. Prospective Observational Cohort Study in 2000 healthy pregnant women recruited before or at 13 weeks gestational age at St John’s Medical College hospital, Bangalore, India. Dietary intakes at each trimester were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire and intakes of routine antenatal supplements were recorded. Birth outcomes and neonate anthropometric measurements were recorded at delivery. The intake of low levels of B12 in the presence of high folate consumption was examined as ratio of B12/folate. Women were divided into three groups of dietary folate intake in the second trimester: low (< 500 ug/day), middle, and high (>1000 ug/day). In the high folate group, a multivariate logistic regression model showed that subjects in the lower tertiles of B12/ folate ratio had higher odds of giving birth to an SGA baby (Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) =3.09 (95% CI: 1.02, 9.33) for Tertile 1, AOR= 3.14;( 95% CI: 0.99, 10.03) for Tertile 2, with reference to Tertile 3. However, in the middle- and low-folate intake groups, there was no significant association of B12/folate ratio and SGA. The same trend held true for vitamin B12 intake split into tertiles and analyzed in each folate group. These findings suggest that there may be adverse birth outcomes associated with dramatically imbalanced B12/ folate intakes during pregnancy. With further study, this finding could harbor powerful implications for B-Vitamin supplementation policies in India.

Keywords: gestational age babies, neonate, anthropometric, measurements

OPCLN – 5

Effect of Dietary Saturated to Unsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio and Physical Activity on High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol in South Indian Adult Population

Priyanka S Bannikoppa1, Indu Mani1, Tinku Thomas1, Anura V Kurpad1 Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute1, Bangalore, India.

Email: priyakalsur@gmail.com�

From several decades, reduction in fat intake has been the main focus of dietary

recommendations to decrease the risk of cardio vascular diseases (CVD).This risk is inversely correlated to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Diets high in saturated fat

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increase the risk of CVD, yet they raise the HDL-C levels. Increased saturated fatty acid (SFA) is known to increase the synthesis and transport rate of Apo A1 leading to increased synthesis of HDL-C.This paradoxical occurrence was studiedto evaluate the effect of the ratios between dietary SFA to mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on HDL-C level, among men and women. Three day dietary recall (2weekdays, 1weekend) and physical activity information was collected from 50 male and female subjects in Bangalore, Karnataka. In the total data set, % energy expenditure from household chores significantly decreased the triglyceride levels (P=0.004) and increased HDL-C levels (P=0.001). The data on females showed that serum TG levels had a positive correlation with %energy from dietary carbohydrates and a negative correlation with %energy from dietary fats. HDL-C levels were seen to correlate with %energy from fat. In males however, such trends were not observed. Further, the ratio of both dietary SFA to MUFA and SFA to PUFA was found to significantly increase the HDL-C (P=0.024, P=0.019 respectively) levels in women, but not in men. Such differences in responses to dietary carbohydrates and fats between males and females needs to be further investigated.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease, polyunsaturated fatty acids, negative correlation

OPCLN – 6

Effect of Fortification through added Enhancer Vitamin C Beverage or Na Fe EDTA alone or in combination with multiple Micronutrients Snack daily in improving Iron and Micronutrient status of Women in South India: A Randomized Controlled Study

1Suneeta Kalasuramath, 2Sumithra Selvam, 3Shanthi Chellan, 2Beena Bose,

2Kaushik Govindraj, 2Bernice Edward, 2Gimna R, 4Mallika Janakiraman, 2Anura Kurpad, 3Prashanth Thankachan

1St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, 2Division of Nutrition, St John’s Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India, St. Johns Research Institute,

4PepsiCo Global R&D. Email: sunivinu50@gmail.com

Poor dietary iron intake, decreased iron absorption and multiple micro nutrient (MMN) deficiencies (Fe, folate vitamins C, B2 and B12) have been implicated in the etiology of anaemia. This study evaluated the efficacy of Vitamin C beverage or a snack fortified with iron alone or iron in combination with MMN provided for 6 months (6 days/week) at lunch, in reducing the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and improvement on MMN status in young women. Iron depleted (ID) women (n=500) were randomized into four arms which received either; iron-fortified snack (7 mg iron as Na Fe EDTA), iron-fortified-MMN snack (7 mg NaFe EDTA , 50 mcg folate, 0.50mcg B12, 0.70mg B2), Vitamin C beverage (40 mg) alone, or a placebo. At the end of 6 months, there was a significant reduction in prevalence of IDA in iron- fortified, iron-fortified-MMN, and vitamin C groups, but the prevalence at that point was significantly lower only for iron-fortified group when compared to other 2 groups. The concentrations of haemoglobin and serum ferritin were significantly higher in the iron-fortified, iron-fortified-MMN groups compared to other groups (P<0.001). Red cell folate and vitamin B12 levels improved significantly in the iron-fortified-MMN alone. Iron and vitamin C fortification reduced the prevalence of IDA with greatest effect being observed for iron-fortified group.

Keywords: micronutrient, deficiencies, fortified with iron, haemoglobin, serum

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OPCLN – 7 Formulation and Standardisation of Stevia incorporated

recipes and Glycemic Index

Sujitha.S1 and R.Chithra2 Dept. of Nutrition and Dietetics, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-14

E-mail: sujinutri@gmail.com

Stevia was substituted in the place of cane sugar in rice flakes kheer, wheat halwa, fruit custard, bread pudding and khesari. The items were organoleptically evaluated and the nutritive value was assessed. Stevia rice flakes kheer was chosen for the study of Glycemic index (GI) and Glycemic load (GL). The mean scores obtained by the recipes ranged between 3 and 4.4 out of 5.0 with respect to overall acceptability. The items recorded a wide range of energy values (258-818Kcal), carbohydrate content (32-109g), fat content (8.1-31.4g), protein (8-24.9g), and fibre (0.32-2.08g) for the quantities mentioned in the recipe. Stevia incorporation lowered the carbohydrate and energy values considerably. In the selected volunteers, the mean fasting blood glucose recorded was around 77mg/dL. On administration of glucose the mean blood glucose level rose to 136.9mg/dL in 30 minutes. But administration of stevia incorporated rice flakes kheer recorded a mean blood glucose level of only 103mg/dL after 30 minutes showing the difference of around 33mg/dL. Similarly after 60 minutes the mean blood glucose levels registered were 115.1mg/dL and 96.3mg/dL on administration of the reference food and the test food respectively showing the difference of around 20mg/dL. A similar trend was observed after 120 minutes also. The Glycemic index of the stevia incorporated rice flakes kheer was found to be 49.7(low) and Glycemic load was found to be 12.4 (medium).

Keywords: stevia, rice flakes, blood glucose, glycemic index

OPCLN – 8

Evaluation of Nutritional Status by using Subjective Global Assessment Method and Socio - Economic Status of Patients with Alcoholic

and Non alcoholic Liver Diseases

Neha Singh, Vinod Kumar Dixit, Sunit Kumar Shukla, Ashok Kumar Jain. Dept. of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

Email: neha.gastro@gmail.com�

Alcohol consumption is directly associated with liver disease mortality and accounts for elevated social and economic costs. The severity and prognosis of alcohol induced liver disease depends on the amount, pattern and duration of alcohol consumption as well as on the presence of liver inflammation, diet, nutritional status and genetic predisposition of an individual. To analyze the nutritional status in alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver diseases by subjective global assessment (SGA) anthropometrics, biochemical data and socio-economic status. A total 178 patient with alcoholic liver diseases(ALD) 48.6% and non alcoholic liver disease (NALD) 51.4 % with mean age of 37.8±12.4 were included in this study. Diagnosis was based on clinical feature, relevant blood investigation and radio imaging modalties. Nutritional status was assessed using standard anthropometry and SGA method. Mean value of BMI for ALD and NALD were 20.9±3.2 kg/m2and 23.9±27 kg/m2 respectively(P=.289). According to SGA nutritional status of ALD was A(4.6%), B(52.9%), C(42.5%) while in NALD patients- A(5.4%), B(58.1%) and C(35.5%) respectively. MAMC(cm) were slightly higher in NALD 25.4±3.9 than ALD(23±2.48) patients. There was a higher prevalence of ascites in ALD patients. Serum albumin (6.3±29, 2.7±.79 P=.302) and

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hemoglobin levels (9.1±2.7, 8.9±2.74,P=.648) were demonstrated to be insignificant in patients with ALD and NALD. Serum creatnine was significantly higher in ALD 1.86±2.47 than NALD 1.2±.37( P=.007) patients. The Child's-Pugh Turcotte score of ALD was A(12.6%), B(44.8%), C(42.5%) but in NALD patients A(10.8%), B(59.2%), C(30%) respectively. The result concludes that the nutritional disorders were more severe with ALD than with NALD patients.

Keywords: Alcohol Consumption, liver disease, Socio-economic status, ALD patients

OPCLN – 9

Studies on Somatic Status and Complications among Female Hospitalized and Non-Hospitalized Diabetic Patients from Mysore Urban Area

Prabhavathi S. N1. and Charlotte. G. Karunakaran2

1Dept of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 006. 2Nutritionist, Aaditya Hospital, Mysore 570002.

Email: pprabhavathisn@gmail.com

Diabetes is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in India and its prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate. Chronic complications of diabetes, especially cardiovascular diseases, results in hospitalization of many diabetic patients. The present investigation was undertaken to study the somatic status and diabetic complications among the female hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. There is paucity of data on region specific diabetic complications. A total of 80 female volunteers (40-out patient, 40- inpatient) belonging to the age group of 30-70 years with known history of type II diabetes mellitus for more than 2 years were recruited for the study. Anthropometric measurements viz; height, weight, waist, hip circumference, triceps skin fold and mid arm circumference were measured and respective indices were calculated. BMI and WHR were calculated as an index of obesity. Somatic status indicated that BMI was significantly higher (p= < 0.005) in inpatient subjects as compared to outpatient subjects. Among the inpatients about 32% of them had early onset of diabetes. Majority (Outpatients-73% and inpatients-75%) of patients from both the groups had family history of diabetes mellitus. Data on lipid profile revealed that HDL and PPBS was significantly higher (p= <0.012 and < 0.005) among inpatients than outpatients A distinct relation between duration of diabetes and occurrence of complication was observed among both the group of subjects

Keywords: diabetes, cardiovascular, anthropometric, HDL and PPBS

OPCLN – 10

Study on the Nutritional Status and Developmental Behavior of the Children with Autism in Puducherry Special Needs School

M. Pushpa devi1 and Dr.Narayanasamy Sangeetha 2

1,2Dept.of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University. Email: pushpa.phd1@gmail.com

Autism is a complex disorder of brain development that is typically seen before the age of

3yrs affecting the development of social and communication skills. The present study was aimed to study on the nutritional status and the developmental behavior of the children with autism of 4-12 years in Puducherry special needs schools. A schedule was formulated to collect details on the

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parent’s demographic data, nutritional status of mother and the children with autism and their behavioral changes, milestone alteration, dietary pattern and frequencies of consumption of the millets and morbidity pattern of the children with autism. Out of 378 children, 72 children had signs and symptoms of autism behavior. From the results it was found that most of the children with autism consume foods rich in gluten like wheat and wheat based products. The nutritional status of the children with autism reveals that almost all the nutrients were in excess when compared to their RDA which is mainly attributed due to excessive intake of junk foods. Their frequency of illness especially cold and fever, intestinal infestation were also found to be high. The finding of this research leads to the conclusion which goes beyond doubt that effective awareness programme on healthy and gluten free diet to the parents would help to minimize the effect of autism children and to promote health and well being of the children thereby ensuring global security.

Keywords: autism, demographic data, junk foods OPCLN – 11

Cumin Seeds- A Future Remedy for Diabetes

Venkata Subbaiah Kotakadi1, Bhanu Priya. K 3 , Josthna P.3 , Sucharitha K.V. 2

and Sai Gopal D.V.R1, 1DST-PURSE Centre, 2Department of Home Science, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502

3Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila University, Tirupati-517502 Email: kotakadi72@gmail.com

Over the centuries, there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine.

Naturally occurring substances of plant origin and dietary components have been widely studied for their anti-diabetic activity. The management of diabetes has been great task ahead. In spite of known Antidiabetic medicine in the market, great efforts are ongoing to find out remedies from the herbal/medicinal plant and their bi-products. In the present investigation an attempt is made to study the beneficial effects of different combination of cumin seeds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and validate its traditional claim. The diabetes-induced rats were fed with Cumin seeds powder (250 mg/100 gm body weight orally), when tested after ingestion the fasting blood glucose levels were remarkably reduced to normal and liver glycogen content was remarkably increased. In pancreatic sections of diabetic rats fed with Cumin seed powder, the islets were normal comparable to diabetic controlled rats. In liver, the changes caused after induction of diabetes was global micro-vesicular steatosis. The portal tracts appeared normal and central veins appeared congested, which was brought back to normal after feeding with Cumin seed powder. While, in the kidney sections, of diabetic control rats and diabetic rats fed with cumin seed powder no histopathological changes were noticed. The results demonstrate that the combined cumin seed powder possesses a strong hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, thus supporting its traditional use in diabetes mellitus control.

Key words: Cumin seeds, hypoglycemic effect, pancreas, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, blood glucose. �

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FREE COMMUNICATIONS - ORAL PRESENTATIONS

EXPERIMENTAL NUTRITION

OPEN – 1

Impact of Supplementation of Health Drink on Hematological

Profile and Serum Retinol Level of Adolescent Girls

Neha Kapoor1 and Anita Kochhar2

1,2Dept. of Food and Nutrition, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana Email: dranitakochhar@yahoo.com

Sixty adolescent girls in the age group of 16 to 18 years were selected from Punjab

Agricultural University, Ludhiana to determine the impact of supplementation of a health drink using underutilized foods on nutritional status of adolescent girls. A health drink was prepared by using whey water, pearl millet, broccoli leaf powder, banana and jaggery in three different i.e. S1, S2 and S3 which were organoleptically evaluated by a ratio panel of judges and students, using nine-point hedonic scale. Both the panels gave the highest overall acceptability scores to the S1 which was prepared by using 2.5 g broccoli leaf powder, 5 g pearl millet, 10 g jaggery, 50 g banana and 82.5 ml whey water per 150 ml. The subjects were divided into two groups i.e. control group and experimental group and all the observations were recorded before the study and after three months study. The subjects under control group did not receive the supplementation and in the experimental group the subjects were supplemented with 150 ml of developed health drink for a period of three months following five day week pattern. The hematological profile of the adolescent girls belonging to experimental group improved significantly after the supplementation of health drink. The percent increase in haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, packed cell volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and TIBC were 7.13, 4.88, 5.56, 2.35 and 4.88 percent respectively. Significant (p<0.01) improvement (4.65%) was seen in serum retinol level in the subjects during supplementation. Hence, it can be inferred from the results that supplementation of health drink improved the haematological profile and serum retinol levels of the adolescent girls. Therefore, the consumption of underutilized foods such as pearl millet, whey water and broccoli leaf powder should be encouraged to improve the nutritional status of adolescent girls.

Keywords: adolescent girls, health drink supplement, haemoglobin, serum retinol, nutritional status

OPEN – 2

Metabolic Endotoxemia in Rats Fed Different Cooking Oils in an Isocaloric Diet

Annapurna.V.V1, R.Hemalatha1,2, K.V.RadhaKrishna2, B.Dinesh Kumar3, N.Balakrishna4 1Microbiology and Immunology division, ,2Clinical Division, 3Food and Drug Toxicology Research

Division,4Statistics Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad Email: vannapurnav@yahoo.com

Studies are there to show that fecal microbiota differ in clinical conditions like diarrhoea,

inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and atopic disorders. However studies are

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lacking to show the role of gut flora in causing obesity and other associated disorders. As different cooking oils have different fatty acid composition and since different fatty acids have different effects on insulin action, we wanted to assess, under controlled conditions, the impact of various diets using different cooking oils like grountnut oil, sun flower oil, palm oil, ghee and hydrogenated fat in rats fed isocaloric diets on metabolic endotoxemia in relation to selective gut bacteria , intestinal sphingomyelinase activity, intestinal hydrogen peroxide species, plasma glucose, insulin, lipid profile and also the body composition as measured by DEXA. Of the various oils used, the hydrogenated fat had lower bifidobacterial count and higher bacteroides. The same group also had higher body weight inspite of lower food intake, higher insulin resistance , higher body fat %, lower Lean Body Mass (LBM), lower fat free mass(FFM). There were no changes in plasma endotoxin levels, intestinal acidic sphingomyelinase and reactive oxygen species suggesting intact intestinal membrane integrity. It can be concluded that dietary oils do influence gut bacteria and the effect of dietary oils on body composition parameters like body fat%, bone mineral density , LBM and FFM and the changes seen in biochemical profile do not appear to be mediated through intestinal permeability alterations and more studies are needed to delineate the mechanisms underlying these changes.

Keywords: Isocaloric diet, metabolic endotoxemia, DEXA, intestinal alterations.

OPEN – 3

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Preeclampsia : A Prospective Study

Vandita D’Souza1, Savita Mehendale2, Girija Wagh2, Sanjay Gupte3, Vidya Patil 1, Hemlata Pisal1, Madhavi Dhobale1 and Sadhana Joshi*1

1Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, 2 Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, 3 Gupte Hospital and Research Center, Pune

Email: srjoshi62@gmail.com Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication leading to adverse birth outcomes. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is suggested to promote trophoblast growth in pregnancy and regulate fetal development. Children born to mothers with PE are suggested to be at increased risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders in later life. This study for the first time examines the levels of maternal BDNF at various time points during gestation, cord levels and their association with birth outcome. Pregnant women (n=136, normotensive women (n=92) and women with PE (n=44)) from two socioeconomic groups were followed at three different time points [16-20 weeks (T1), 26-30 weeks (T2) and at delivery (T3)] during pregnancy. Maternal blood at every time point and cord blood was collected. Maternal BDNF levels were similar at T1 and T2 but lower at T3 (p<0.05) in women who developed PE as compared to normotensive women. However, cord BDNF levels were lower (p<0.05) only in the lower socioeconomic group in PE as compared to normotensive group. A positive association (p<0.05) was observed between cord and maternal plasma BDNF levels at T1 and T3 in PE. There was a positive association (p<0.05) of cord BDNF levels with baby weight and chest circumference in the PE group. Our data suggests that BDNF plays an important role in the development of the maternal-fetal-placental unit during pregnancy. Differential regulation of cord BDNF levels in PE suggests that these children from different socioeconomic may show altered neurodevelopmental effects in later life.

Keywords: preeclampsia, neurotrophic levels, BDNF, neurodevelopment effects

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OPEN – 4

Effect of Maternal Micronutrients and Omega 3 Fatty Acids on Brain Neurotrophins in the Rat Offspring

Pratiksha Sable, Kamini Dangat, Asmita Joshi, Sadhana Joshi*

Dept. of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School For Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043

Email: srjoshi62@gmail.com

An altered one carbon cycle (folic acid, vitamin B12) and omega 3 fatty acid metabolism during pregnancy can increase the risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. Our earlier studies have shown that a maternal diet imbalanced with micronutrients like folic acid, vitamin B12 reduces levels of brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and neurotrophins in offspring at birth. Present study examines whether these effects can be reversed by a postnatal diet. Pregnant female rats were divided into six treatment groups at two levels of folic acid both in the presence and absence of vitamin B12. Omega 3 fatty acid supplementation was given to the vitamin B12-deficient groups. Following delivery, eight dams from each group were randomly shifted back to control and remaining eight continued on the same treatment diet. Plasma homocysteine levels could be normalized by a postnatal control diet. Brain DHA levels were similar in all groups irrespective of the diet consumed during lactation. Brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels were lower in both the vitamin B12-deficient groups even after consuming a diet with normal levels of vitamin B12 during lactation (p <0.05 for all) indicating that the effects of maternal programing with respect to neurotrophins cannot be reversed by a postnatal diet. Our findings for the first time suggest that omega 3 fatty acid supplementation to a micronutrient-imbalanced diet, during pregnancy and lactation protects the levels of BDNF and NGF. This may have significant implications in the development of psychiatric disorders/ cognitive deficits in later life.

Keywords : micronutrient imbalance, reduction in neutrophin levels, neuro-disorders, psychiatric disorders OPEN – 5

Longitudinal Assessment of Maternal Fatty Acids, Micronutrients and Homocysteine and Their Association with Birth Outcome

Nisha Wadhwani 1, Hemlata Pisal 1, Savita Mehendale 2, Sadhana Joshi*1

1 Dept. of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth

University, Pune-411043, India, 2 Dept of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital,

Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-411043 Email: srjoshi62@gmail.com

Our earlier studies both in animals and humans have highlighted the role of micronutrients

(folic acid, vitamin B12) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to assess the levels of maternal and cord plasma fatty acids, maternal folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine in healthy mothers at various time points during pregnancy and also examine an association between them. We hypothesize that micronutrients, DHA and homocysteine are interlinked in the one carbon cycle and predict birth outcome even in a

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normotensive pregnancy. Maternal blood was collected from 100 normal pregnant women at 3 time points viz. T1=16-20th week, T2=26-30th week and T3= at delivery. Cord blood was collected at delivery. Fatty acids were estimated using a gas chromatograph. Levels of folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine were estimated by the CMIA technology. Maternal plasma folate, vitamin B12 (p<0.01 for both) and DHA (p<0.05) levels were lowest while maternal homocysteine (p<0.01) levels were highest at T3. There was a negative association between maternal DHA and homocysteine at T2 (r=-0.242, p=0.039, n=71) and T3 (r=-0.381, p=0.001, n=77). There was a positive association between maternal plasma DHA at every time point of gestation with cord DHA. There was also a positive association between folate, vitamin B12 and baby weight at T3 and negative association between maternal homocysteine and baby weight at T1. Our study for the first time provides evidence for the associations of maternal omega-3 fatty acids especially DHA and increased homocysteine concentrations during a normotensive pregnancy.

Keywords: longitudinal assessment, maternal micronutrient levels & DHA, gas chromatography, CMIA technology

OPEN – 6

Breast Milk Neurotrophin Levels in Women with Preeclampsia

Kamini Dangat1, Anitha Kilari1, Sanjay Lalwani3, Savita Mehendale2, Sadhana Joshi*1

1 Dept. of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs; Bharati Vidyapeeth University, 2 Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3 Dept. of Pediatrics, Bharati Medical College

and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune E-mail: srjoshi62@gmail.com

Children born to mothers with preeclampsia have been consistently suggested to be at risk

for cognitive and behavioral disorders in later life. Breastfeeding is associated with better neurodevelopment outcomes. Our earlier studies indicated higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in breast milk in women with preeclampsia. DHA is known to regulate expression of neurotrophins and together they play a vital role in neurodevelopment and cognitive performance. The present study examines the levels of maternal plasma and milk neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in women with preeclampsia and compared with normotensive women as controls. Singleton pregnant women with preeclampsia (n=102) and controls (n=72) were recruited for this study from Bharati Hospital, Pune. Plasma and milk samples were analyzed for NGF and BDNF levels using the Emax Immuno Assay System Promega kits. Maternal plasma NGF and BDNF levels were lower (p<0.01 for both) in women with preeclampsia as compared to the control group. Milk NGF levels were also significantly lower (p<0.01) while milk BDNF levels were higher (p<0.05) in the preeclampsia group as compared to controls. Plasma NGF levels were positively correlated with milk NGF levels in control group. Our results indicate the differential regulation of milk NGF and BDNF levels in the women with preeclampsia. The present study suggests a role for both NGF and BDNF together with DHA in breast milk for postnatal brain development. Further studies need to examine the associations of DHA, BDNF in breast milk and cognition at later ages.

Keywords: preclampsia, cognitive disorders, Breastfed with neurotrophin, raised levels of NGF & BDNF Levels, postnatal brain development

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OPEN – 7

Gestation Dependant Changes in Angiogenic Factors and Their Association With Birth Outcome in Normotensive Pregnancy

Deepali P. Sundrani1, Vinita V. Khot1 , Dipali Pol1, Hemlata R. Pisal1, Savita S. Mehendale2,

Asmita A. Joshi1, Sadhana R.Joshi*1 1Dept. of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University,

Pune-411043, India.2Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-411043

Email: srjoshi62@gmail.com Earlier studies indicated that altered angiogenesis at birth is associated with poor birth

outcome in women with preeclampsia. Now, we hypothesize that the progressive gestation dependant changes in markers of angiogenesis will be more useful to predict birth outcome very early in the pregnancy even in a normotensive pregnancy. This study for the first time examines the association of gestation dependant changes in the levels of maternal angiogenic factors in addition to their levels in cord at birth with birth outcome. Ninety two pregnant women were followed at three different time points [16-20 weeks (T1), 26-30 weeks (T2) and at delivery (T3)] during pregnancy. Plasma levels of angiogenic factors were determined by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Maternal plasma VEGF levels increased (p<0.01) till T2 and decreased (p<0.05) at T3 while plasma sFlt-1 levels increased (p<0.01) at T3. PlGF levels peaked (p<0.01) at T2 and decreased (p<0.01) at T3. Cord plasma VEGF levels were higher (p<0.01) and sFlt-1 levels were lower (p<0.01) as compared to maternal values throughout gestation. Maternal plasma VEGF levels at T1 and PlGF levels at T3 were positively (p<0.05 and p<0.01 respectively), while sFlt-1/PlGF ratio at T3 was negatively associated (p<0.05) with birth weight. The patterns of the levels of angiogenic factors are differentially regulated throughout gestation indicating the differential time dependent physiological demands of the mother and fetus and thus affect birth outcome even in normotensive pregnancy and can be useful to predict possible adverse birth outcome in early pregnancy.

Keywords: altered angiogenesis during gestation, ELISA, maternal plasma, VEGF & PIGF levels, adverse birth out come

OPEN – 8

Supplementation of Ideal Ratio of Folic Acid to B12 to Pregnant Female Rats on

Fatty Acid Levels in Different Regions of the Brain in the Offspring

Pratiksha Sable, Amrita Khaire, Anvita Kale, Sadhana Joshi* Dept. of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Sciences,

Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043 Email: srjoshi62@gmail.com

We have extensively demonstrated that folic acid, vitamin B12 and docosahexaenoic acid

(DHA) are interlinked in the one carbon cycle and play a role in programming of adult diseases. Our earlier studies showed that an imbalance in maternal micronutrients (excess folic acid to a vitamin B12 deficient diet) results in reduced brain DHA levels in pups at birth. However, the role of a postnatal control diet in reversal of these adverse effects is not clear. This study examines the

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effects of a postnatal control diet on brain fatty acid profile from cortex and hippocampus at 3 months of age using a Wistar rat model. Pregnant female rats (n=16 dams /group) were assigned to 4 dietary groups with varying levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 (NFB: 2mg folic acid+ B12; NFBD: 2 mg folic acid – B12; EFB: 8 mg folic acid + B12; EFBD: 8 mg folic acid-B12). During lactation half the dams and their pups (n=8/group) were shifted to a control diet while half continued on the same diet as that during pregnancy. Our findings suggest that excess folic acid in the absence of vitamin B12 persisting up to 3 months of age reduces arachidonic acid (AA) (p<0.01) and DHA levels (p<0.05) as compared to control in both the cortex and hippocampus. When these animals were postnatally fed a control diet DHA and AA levels reverted back to that of the control group. Our study indicates that a postnatal control diet may help in improving the brain fatty acid profile in regions involved in cognitive functions of the brain.

Keywords: female rats, folic acid, B12 – normal brain fatty acids,- cognitive brain

OPEN – 9

Quantification of Cholines in Commonly Consumed Foods by Rapid Separation Liquid Chromatography

Alka Kumari and P. Ravindra Naik*

*Food Chemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad-500007

An effort has been made to estimate an essential organic nutrient, cholines, in common foods which helps to maintain healthy body. Choline is required in every age group; however, in certain physiological conditions such as infancy, pregnancy and lactation, the requirement increases. Human body accomplishes it conditionally through de novo synthesis as well as through diet but the biosynthesized choline is not sufficient to meet the requirement of body, resulting in dependence on diet for supplementation. Humans reported to develop liver dysfunctions when dietary choline is deprived. Choline metabolism also intersects with folate metabolism through methyltetrahydrofolate (Methyl-THF), can also donate a methyl group for the formation of methionine from homocystein, therefore, the deficiency results in cumulative effect. Choline is found in nature in various food items and consumed through various dietary sources. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to quantify choline content in commonly consumed foods by rapid separation liquid chromatography. Samples belong to inner various food groups such as cereals, pulses, green leafy vegetables, roots and tubers, other vegetables, fruits, nuts and oil seeds, condiments and spices and sugars were procured from the local supermarket at Hyderabad. Quantification of cholines was performed using a Rapid Separation Liquid Chromatography (RSLC) based on the principle of hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) column and UV detector. Amla (189.64 mg/100g), cumin seeds (361.47 mg/100g), fenugreek leaves (409.07 mg/100g), groundnut (126.59 mg/100g) and mango powder dry (132.79 mg/100g) were observed to be the rich sources of cholines. This data pertaining to choline content in foods is useful to nutritionists in dietary planning, in conducting clinical trials and food security programmes in order to overcome choline deficiency.

Keywords: cholines, dietary insufficiency, liquid chromatography

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OPEN – 10

Quality Assessment of Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacaea)

Vanithasri.J1, Kanchana.S2, Hemalatha.G2, Vanniarajan.C3 and SahulHameed.M4 1Dept. of Food Science & Nutrition, 2Home Science College & Research Institute, 3Dept. of Plant Breeding &

Genetics, 4Dept. of Agrl.Microbiology, Agricultural College & Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai 625 104.

Email: vanitsri@gmail.com

Barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacaea) is one of the hardiest millets, which is called by several names viz., kuthiraivali (T), shama (H), shamula (M), sawank (T), sawank (B) and sama (G). Barnyard millet is a multipurpose crop for food and fodder. In this study, the physicochemical characteristics of different varieties of barnyard millet (CO1 and CO2) were studied. The physicochemical characteristics such as thousand grain weight (3.118 and 3.296g), volume (1.933 and 2.098ml), bulk density (1.61 and 1.57ml), hydration capacity (1.68 and 1.95g), hydration index (15.32 and 19.16%), swelling capacity (0.90 and 0.85%), swelling power (8.39 and 8.77g) and solubility (6.57 and 7.03%) were assessed on both varieties of barnyard millet. Nutritional characteristics of both the varieties (CO1 and CO2) of barnyard millet were analysed. Moisture, Protein, Fat, Starch, Fibre, Calcium, Phosphorus and Iron of both varieties (CO1 and CO2) ranged between 10.20 to 11.01 %, 6.56 to 7.43g, 1.80 to 2.15g, 51.51 to 51.92g, 8.04 to 9.08g, 20.00 to 22.00mg, 274.08 to 274.45mg and 6.68 to 6.82mg respectively. Barnyard millet like any other minor millets is nutritionally superior to cereals, yet its utilization is limited. It is right time for potential minor millets like barnyard millet to be woven in the fabric of daily diet.

Keywords: quality assessment, barnyard millet, fibre content

OPEN – 11

Impact of a Pre - Game drink on the Performance Outcome of the Selected Female Sports Students

Dr.V.Premala Priyadharshini *and Sowmya Mathew**

Dept. Food Service Management and Dietetics, Avinashilingam Institute of Home Science and Higher Education for Women – Coimbatore

E-mail: premala09@hotmail.com

Nutrition and exercise physiology share a natural linkage and form the foundation for physical performance. Compared to the average person, sports persons have significantly higher requirements for energy, protein and many other nutrients. High energy supplements have shown to increase the performance of physical activity. The current research work was carried out with the objective to test the impact of “A pre game - drink on the performance level of the selected female sports students”. Fifty four female undergraduate students in the age group of 17-20 years from the Dept. of Physical Education were purposively selected for the conduct of the study. Demographic details, anthropometric ( Weight ,height BMI, Waist to Hip Ratio),clinical examination and dietary assessments were carried out using appropriate tools. The actual mean nutrient intake of the female sports students was assessed by a food weighment survey for three consecutive days for a sub samples of 30 students selected at random . Based on the nutritional and functional properties, two variations of the pre-game drink ( variation I&II) with varying proportions of ingredients namely banana powder, soya isolate, chocolate powder, cashew nut,

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green gram dhal and jaggery were prepared by mixing them in 250ml of milk. The acceptability of the pre game meal was tested by a panel of 10 member .Based on the acceptability score variation II was selected for the impact study. The nutritional quality of pre game meal was analyzed for both macro and micro nutrients. The impact of the pre-game meal on the pre and post performance level of the female students was tested for specific sports events namely, foot ball ,basket ball and volley ball. For each events a sub-sample of 10 trained female sports students were selected through purposive sampling. The performance of these students for the basket ball was tested using a standard tool Knox’s Basket Ball test- for speed and execution of ball, which comprises of four tests namely dribble shoot, speed dribble, wall bounce and penny cup. Similarly the volley ball event was tested using a standard tool Brady Volley Ball Test and the foot ball using Ball Changing Zig- zag Test .The result revealed that 21 out of 54 students were found to be underweight with their BMI below 18. Forty eight students showed symptom for iron and protein deficiency. A deficit nutrient intake for energy, protein, iron, carotene and sodium was observed at 5 %t level of significance in comparison with RDA . Significant improvement in performance was noted for speed dribble test and dribble shoot test at 5% level of significance. A significant improvement in the performance level was recorded for Penny cup test at 1% level of significance. Likewise significant improvement in the performance level was observed for volley ball and foot ball- at 1% and 5% level of significance respectively.

Keywords: pregame drink, nutrient supplement, BMI, zig - zag test OPEN – 12

Nutritional Composition and Alternate Uses of Safflower Petals as Natural Colourants

Kavitha Ullikashi, Pushpa Bharati and Rudra Naik University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka

Email: pcb02@rediffmail.com

The safflower floret is an important part of the plant claimed to have medicinal properties. Safflower petals of spiny (Annigere-1) and non spiny (NARI-6) varieties collected from the Agricultural Research Station. Annigeri, UAS Dharwad were analyzed for physico-chemical and nutritional composition and further the petals were explored for alternate uses. Colour of the safflower florets ranged from brownish orange in Annigeri-1 to reddish orange in NARI-6 variety. Annigeri was superior to NARI-6 in physical parameters viz length (1.30 cms), breadth (0.146 cms), Weight (0.136g) and volume (9.534 ml). The florets contained higher amounts of protein(11.41-12.34%), fat(6.76-7.46%), fiber(12.69-13.66%) and low carbohydrates(49.33-49.50%) considerable amounts of ß-carotene (1589.83-2100.80µg/100g), L-ascorbic acid (55.643mg/100g) and minerals viz, calcium, iron and phosphorous (518.88-613.14,9.010-15.207,132.30-183.86643mg/100g respectively). Safflower florets have lower sodium (27-29mg./ 100g), higher potassium ( 2600 -2900mg./100g) and good source of trace elements viz, manganese, zinc and copper(0.892-0.945,0.526-1.441,1.004-1.165mg/100g respectively). Qualitative and quantitive analysis of pigments revealed that NARI-6 florets contain higher amounts of safflomine and carthamine(29.53and0.530%respectively) compared to Annigeri (28.20and0.273% respectively). Petal powder and pigments can be incorporated to an extent of 0.5 percent in safflo-badam milk, 3.5 percent in Shira and colored rise and 5.0 per cent in sajjaka without affecting the functional and sensory qualities at the same time resulting in the nutritional

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benefit. Safflo-badam milk with petalpowder was liked by 91.25 per cent of consumers and that with pigment by 73.5 per cent.

Keywords: safflower floret, medicinal properties, physico chemical properties, used as natural colourants OPEN – 13

Nutritional Evaluation of De-Hulled Little Millet in Centrifugal Sheller and Milled in Existing Emery Flour Mill and Development of

Products for Household Consumption

Nirmala B. Yenagi, Roopa U, Josna B and Mamata Hazare Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Rural Home Science

University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka Email: uasd.idrc2011@gmail.com

Conventionally, the millets are milled in existing emery flour mill. But the major problems

encountered are separation of husk, more breakage, poor recovery of whole polished grains and over polishing of grains. Drudgery reducing processing equipments is very essential for reintroduction of nutritious millets in the regular diet of millet growers. A centrifugal sheller designed for de hulling of little millet at household level operating under single phase by McGill University, Canada in collaboration with UAS Dharwad under IDRC Millet project was used to de-hull little millet which removes only the hull. The nutrient composition of de-hulled little millet was compared with grains milled in existing emery flour mill. Eleven recipes were prepared from de hulled and polished little millet grain and flour for regular household consumption. Products were evaluated for sensory attributes by 30 semi trained panel members using 9 point hedonic scale. The nutrient composition showed that de hulled little millet had significantly higher fat, ash, crude fibre, energy and iron than polished little millet in emery mill. The results of sensory evaluation revealed that the scores were significantly higher in most of the products prepared from polished little millet grains than de hulled grains for color, appearance, texture and overall acceptability. The sensory scores of different products prepared from de hulled grains ranged from 5.53 to 7.57. Since de hulled little millet products were within the acceptable range, these products can be popularized for regular consumption at household level for better nutrition security.

Keywords : nutritional evaluation, dehulled little millet, emery flour mill, household consumption OPEN – 14

In Vitro Screening of Oryza Sativa Callus for Drought Tolerance : To Meet Nutritional Challenges

Sreenivasulu. M* 1, Lakshmi Narasimha Murthy. N 2, Sreevani.D2, Vijaya Baskara Reddy. M3,

Sasikala. P 3 Kishore. S2, Damodharam. T1 1. Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 2. Dept. of Zoololgy,

Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 3. Dept. of live stock Production and Management, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati.

E-mail: seenu.murari@gmail.com

Drought resistance is become of increasing importance in plant kingdom to meet nutritional challenges in India and throughout the world, as well as in rice (Oryza sativa L.), selection under

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actual field conditions is tedious due to low heritability and time required. Selection in tissue culture is thought to be one way to improve selection efficiency, but this requires standardized protocols. Rice cultivars PAU 201 and PR 116 showed significant callus induction, but the capacity for callus induction and regeneration decreased under polyethylene glycol (PEG) (6000) stress in both cultivars. Calli were induced on semisolid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.5 mg l-1 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.5 mg l-1 kinetin (kin) + 560 mg l-1 proline + 30 g l-1 sucrose + 8 g l agar-1. Embryogenic calli showed shoot regeneration on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l-1 benzyl aminopurine (BAP) + 0.5 mg l-1 kinetin + 0.5 mg l-1 napthalene acetic acid (NAA) + 30 g l-1 sucrose + 8 g l-1 agar. Increased levels of PEG (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 %) were used to create water stress. There was reduction in callus induction ability and plant regeneration efficiency with increasing levels of PEG stress. These results indicated that PEG can be used as water stress creating agent under in vitro conditions and rice variety PR 116 was relatively tolerant to drought stress as compared to PAU 201. This study will serve as a base line for in vitro screening of drought tolerant transgenic rice.

Keywords: oryza sativa, PEG, drought stress, callus induction, plant regeneration.

OPEN – 15

Selenium Supplementation on the Antioxidative Characteristics and Lipid Peroxidation in Chicken

Lakshmi NarasimhaMurthy.N* 1 ,Vijaya Baskara Reddy.M2, Sasikala.P 2, Karthik .A2,

Bhuvaneswari.A1,Vijay kumar.A 1, Sreevani.D3,#Kishore .S1 1.Dept. of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati.

2.Dept. of Live Stock Production And Management, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati.

3.Dept. of Botany, Sri Padmavathi Womens University,Tirupati E-mail: murthy.hon@gmail.com

Selenium is an essential trace element in human and animal nutrition and an integral

component of antioxidative proteins. Organic selenium, a natural form of selenium, has more beneficial effects in maintaining antioxidative system than its inorganic form. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of organic selenium food supplements on the level of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxides (TBARS) in chicken whole blood. Chickens were randomly allocated into two groups: standard diets (<0.15 ppm sodium selenite) fed control group (n = 40) and Se+ group (n = 40), fed the same diets supplemented with 0.3 ppm organic selenium. Ten randomly selected birds from each group at the age of two, four and six weeks and after 48-hours of food deprivation at the end of the fattening period, were subjected to blood withdrawal from jugular vein. The GSH-Px activity and concentrations of GSH and TBARS were

Analyzed by spectrophotometry. A trend was observed toward increasing GSH-Px in the blood of the control group from two to six weeks of age (P<0.001), whereas in the Se+ group the increase was obtained in the first four weeks (P<0.01). GSH-Px activity after fasting was lower only in the control chickens (P<0.01). Organic selenium supplementation resulted in higher GSH-Px activity at two and four weeks of age (P<0.01), as well as after fasting (P<0.01). The GSH level in four week old Se+ chickens was lower than in two and six week old broilers (P<0.01).

Keywords: Organic selenium, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, lipid peroxide

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OPEN – 16

Development of Millet Mixtures and Acceptability of Millet Mix Incorporated Foods

Aruna Narayanan1, M.Anbu Malar2

Dept. of Nutrition & Dietetics, P.S.G College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu Email: 1 arunarayanan_1959@yahoo.com, 2 anbum256@gmail.com

Iron deficiency and Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) are the commonest forms of malnutrition

occurring in the world. These affect approximately two billion people, 80% of whom live in the developing world. In India alone nearly half the world’s anaemic women live. To develop nutrient rich multi-millet mixtures (MMM) and to incorporate the same in to breakfast items. Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum), FingerMillet(Eleusine Coracona), Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa spp) were mixed in different proportions & MM-A (40, 20, 40), MM-B (40, 15, 45) and MM-C (45, 10, 45) were developed. The formulations were made into a thick porridge & were also incorporated in Rice Dosa, Wheat Dosa, Chapatti & upma at 10, 15 and 20 %. Organoleptic evaluation was done on a five point scale to assess acceptability. Results: Chapatti incorporated with 10% MM-B had good appearance and was given a Score of 4.3, tasted well with scone 4.2 & was highly acceptable with scone of 4.2. Fifteen percent MM-B added chapatti was soft in texture (3.8/5) and had a pleasant aroma (4.5/5). “Rice dosa” with 10% MM-B was given scores of 4.5,4.6 &4.8 for appearance , texture, taste respectively & score 4.6 overall acceptability. “Wheat Dosa” with10% MM-C was given 4.3 for taste. For edour fifteen percent MM-C added dosa tasted the best with the score 4.3, 20% MM-C wheat dosa had good texture with a score of 4.4 and was highly acceptable with the score 4.5. MM-B Porridge had the best colour as it had and 4.5 as score and texture, taste and overall acceptability with 4.2 score for each. Upma made with all the three formulations scored very low and were not acceptable. Conclusion: Millet mix incorporated recipes are highly acceptable.

Keywords: malnutrition, anaemia, nutrient rich multi millet mix.

OPEN – 17

Amelioration of Suppressed Reproduction in Adult Female Rats Exposed to Aflatoxin B1 in Utero by Humog

B. Akhila1 and P. Sreenivasula Reddy2

Dept. of Biotechnology1 and Zoology2, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502

Aflatoxins are a group of naturally occurring highly toxic mycotoxins. Among the aflatoxins, aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) is the most abundant and potent toxic compound. Though toxic studies related to mycotoxins are well known, studies related to transplacental exposure to AfB1 on female reproduction is not available. Hence, the present study is aimed to examine whether transplacental exposure to AfB1 causes any changes in reproductive output of female rats and if so whether these changes can be reversed after HUMOG treatment. Transplacental exposure to AfB1 (10, 20, 50, or 100 µg/kg body weight) resulted in significant increase in length of estrus cycle in F1 female rats when compared to controls. The number of corpora lutea in the experimental rats decreased significantly. Moreover, the number of implantations decreased in experimental females mated with control males. However, significant increase in pre- and post-implantation losess was observed in AfB1 exposed female rats mated with normal males. The data clearly indicates that

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exposure to AfB1 during embryonic period suppresses the reproductive output in adult female rats. On the other hand, treatment with HUMOG (1.363IU/kg body weight) on postnatal days 60, 70 and 80 to rats exposed to AfB1 during embryonic development resulted in recovery of AfB1-induced suppressed female reproduction. From the results, it can be concluded that treatment with HUMOG ameliorates AfB1-induced suppressed reproduction in adult female rats.

Keywords: Aflotoxins, Transplaceutal, female reproduction.

OPEN – 18

Physico Chemical Properties of the Developed Spiced Pineapple Ready- to- Serve Beverage

Amaravathi.T1, P. Vennila2 and G. Hemalatha3

1&3Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, 2Dept. of Post harvest Technology Centre, Home Science College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai-625104.

Email: amarqc@gmail.com

Fruit beverages are highly nutritive, refreshing, thirst quenching, appetizing and easily digestible. The consumption of fruit beverages in the developed and developing countries has been considerably increased during the last few years. The combination of spice extracts such as ginger/ pepper, ginger / cardamom and ginger / nutmeg were blended with pineapple juice in the preparation of RTS beverage. The spiced pineapple ready-to-serve beverage contained 15oBrix TSS, 0.250 per cent acidity, 3.95 pH, 4.20 to 4.24 per cent reducing sugar, 13.58 to 13.61 per cent total sugar, 6.06 to 8.06 µg per 100 ml β-carotene, 3.56 to 4.10 mg per 100 ml ascorbic acid, 0.154 to 0.175 per cent tannic acid and 0.128 to 0.136 absorbance non enzymatic browning. During the storage period the ready-to-serve beverages showed an increasing trend in pH, total soluble solids, reducing sugar, total sugar and non enzymatic browning and decreasing in terms of acidity, β-carotene, ascorbic acid and tannin content. The shelf life study revealed that the RTS beverage were well acceptable organoleptically and microbially safe during the period of study (0- 180 days). The consumer acceptability score was found to be higher in pineapple juice blended with ginger and nutmeg.

Keywords: RTS Beverages, pineapple fruit, spices. OPEN – 19

Amelioration of Adverse Effects of Fluoride Toxicity on Calcium Homeostasis in Low Calcium Treated Rats

Priyanka Shankar, Arjun L. Khandare Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre, National Institute of Nutrition (NIN),

PO Jama-I-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007 Emails: priyankamdc10000@gmail.com

The study was undertaken to know the effect of fluoride toxicity on calcium homeostasis

and its reversal by normal calcium and fluoride free water (FFW). Study was conducted in two phases. In phase I (6 months), 76 Wistar, weanling male rats were divided to four groups: Group 1, normal calcium (0.5%) diet (NCD); group 2, low calcium (0.25%) diet (LCD); group 3, NCD+100

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ppm fluoride water (F) and group 4, LCD+F. In phase II (reversal experiment- 3 months), LCD was replaced with NCD. Group 3 and 4 were divided into two subgroups 3X, 3Y and 4X, 4Y, respectively. Subgroups 3X and 4X received FFW. Subgroups 3Y and 4Y received fluoride. Results showed that In phase I, group 4 had significantly reduced serum Ca (SCa) and 25(OH) vitamin D3, significantly increased 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 and upregulated Calcium sensing receptor, Vitamin D receptor and calbindin D 9K (Calb3). In phase II (reversal phase), SCa in subgroups 4X and 4Y were still lower as compared to other groups. However, other variables were comparable. Down regulation of Calb3 was observed in fluoride fed subgroups (3Y and 4Y) at the end of phase II. It is concluded that adverse effects of chronic fluoride toxicity on calcium homeostasis is more pronounced in presence of calcium deficiency, which may be reversible with adequate calcium nutrition and safe drinking water. Further, chronic fluoride toxicity may affect calcium absorption in duodenum due to inhibitory effect on expression of calb3- a key molecule involved in calcium absorption.

Keywords : fluoride toxicity, calcium homeostasis, rats

OPEN – 20

Impact of Supplementing Value Added Ready to Eat Mixes on Diabetics and Hyperlipidemics

Balasasirekha, R1*. Premakumari, S.1, Gomathi, K.1, Supriya, S.1,

Jagan Mohan, R.2 and Alagusundram, K.2 1 Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education

for Women, Coimbatore-641 043, 2 Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu

E-mail: balasasirekhar@yahoo.co.in

Diabetes prevalence in India indicates that the epidemic is progressing rapidly across the nation, reaching a total of 62.4 million with diabetes in 2011. Rice bran has excellent nutritional and nutraceutical properties. Earnest efforts are needed to incorporate this healthy ingredient into our diet. The present study was undertaken with the objective of studying the impact of supplementation of rice bran incorporated ready mix on type II diabetic and hyperlipidemic subjects. The supplementation study was carried out in Coimbatore District. Twenty type II diabetics and 20 hyperlipidemics were chosen and divided into four groups of ten each. One served as experimental and the other as control group. Based on the glycemic index of ready to eat supplements, wheat dosai, wheat rava dosai, adai, rava adai, mixed vegetable chapathi and chapathi containing 25 per cent of rice bran were selected for supplementation. 100g of raw mix/day was distributed which was consumed twice as 50g portion by the experimental group. The control group was distributed with the same supplement without the incorporation of rice bran for a period of 90 days. Supplementation of rice bran brought about significant reduction in fasting, post prandial blood glucose and HbA1c in diabetes mellitus subjects. Impact of rice bran containing recipes on hyperlipidemic group showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol and an increase in HDL levels. No significant difference was observed in blood glucose and lipid profile of diabetic and hyperlipidemic control groups.

Keywords: diabetes, hyperlipidemics, value added RTE mixes, reduction in total LDL & VLDL levels.

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OPEN – 21

Macro and Micro Mineral Content of Some Tropical Fishes as Determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Arabinda Mahanty, Satabdi Ganguly, Prasenjit Paria, Anil Prakash Sharma

and Bimal Prasanna Mohanty ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Biochemistry Laboratory, arrackpore, Kolkata, India.

Email: bimalmohanty12@rediffmail.com Minerals and vitamins (micronutrients) are essential dietary elements and are required for

the body as they act as coenzymes and cofactors in many enzyme-catalyzed biochemical reactions and metabolic processes vital for survival, growth and reproduction. Fish, especially small indigenous fishes (SIFs) are important source of micronutrients. The present study was carried out with the objective of determining the concentration of macro minerals Na, K, Ca and Mg and trace elements Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in some tropical fishes like the Indian shad Tenualosa ilisha and catfish Sperata seenghala, collected from river Ganga and small indigenous fishes (SIFs) Amblypharyngodon mola and Puntius sophore collected from the river Ganga as well as ponds and wetlands in and around Kolkata, West Bengal. Mineral concentrations in fish muscles were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave assisted acid mineralization of the fish samples. It was found that Tenualosa ilisha has a higher content of Na and K and micro minerals iron and zinc. Sperata seenghala was found to contain higher amount of calcium, zinc and iron. The SIFs Amblypharyngodon mola and Puntius sophore were found to be rich in the macrominerals and the microminerals Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn. The SIFs are eaten whole with eye, head and bone; therefore, all the minerals are made available to the body. These SIFs are especially a rich source of micro minerals Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu. Therefore, these fishes can play important role in combating micronutrient deficiency that is prevalent in many of the South Asian countries including India.

Keywords: macro and micro minerals, ICP-MS, micronutrient deficiency.

OPEN – 22

Seasonal Changes in Fatty Acid Profiles of Wild Tiger Shrimp penaeus monodon – Human Dietary Importance

Syama Dayal J, A.G. Ponniah, E.P. Madhu Babu, H. Imran Khan and K. Ambasankar

Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 75, Santhome High Road, R.A. Puram, Chennai 600 028

Email: syamdayal@ciba.res.in Consumer awareness regarding the nutritional quality of food is increasing. Nutrition

labelling is becoming compulsory, which makes it mandatory to label all marketed processed food products with their nutrient contents to enable the consumer to maintain a healthy food regime. Shrimp is one of the most delicious seafoods and is part of almost every nation’s traditional meal. Although the composition of Indian shrimp is known, data on their seasonal variations are inadequate and the present work quantifies the seasonal differences in fatty acid profiles of Indian tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Fresh wild shrimp samples were collected from landing centres from the four seasons from Kasimedu, Pulicat and Kovalam. Fatty acids in edible portions were analysed by a gas chromatograph (GC-2014 Shimadzu). Palmitic acid was the predominant

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saturated fatty acid and the percentage was significantly (P<0.05) highest (23.66 ±0.78) in summer and lowest in winter (15.29 ±0.48). The �-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) values (%) were significantly (P<0.05) highest (15.81 ±0.33; 16.05 ±0.83) in winter and lowest in summer (13.07 ±0.14; 11.84 ±0.2) indicating the seasonal variations. The nutritional quality of shrimp is discussed in relation to the human recommended daily allowances. One serving of shrimp (100g) will be contributing around 200 mg of EPA and DHA meeting 80% of requirement of an adult human. Inspite of moderate amounts of cholesterol, the cardio-protective nature of shrimp is evident with its low fat (1.1%), high �-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (29%) and low thrombogenic index (0.3).

Keywords: shrimp, fatty acid profiles, gas chromatography, human diet

OPEN – 23

Effect of Supplementation of Omega 3 Enriched Wheat Flour on Hyperlipidemic Women

Sneha Shet1 , Bharati V Chimmad2 and Shambhulingaiah3

Dept. of Food, Science and Nutrition, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural, Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka

Email: snehasshet@gmail.com

Omega 3 fatty acids plays a very important role in prevention and management of coronary artery disease due to its typical cardioprotective effects.Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) is an excellent source of omega 3 fatty acid (among plant foods) i.e., alpha linolenic acid (ALA) which further gets converted into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Experiments were conducted to assess the impact of supplementation of flaxseed incorporated wheat flour in lowering the lipid profile, among 24 hyperlipidemic women. The experimental group (n=12) were provided with two chapathies per day, prepared out of omega 3 enriched wheat flour for a period of three months. Each chapathi incorporated with (8%) flaxseed provided 0.70 g of omega 3 fatty acid which could meet the daily requirement. The enriched wheat flour also provided protein (4.72%), fat (4.44%) and dietary fibre (5.06%), besides providing the ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acid of 0.75:1.The results indicated non-significant decrease in weight (from 70.00+14.57 to 66.50+13.77), BMI (from 29.84+5.28 to 28.58+4.72), WHR (from 0.86+0.43 to 0.84+0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (from 86.41 + to 80.50+7.58 mm Hg). In contrast, the systolic blood pressure significantly decreased during the intervention period (from 134.16+20.09 to 126.33+5.94 mm Hg; P < 0.05), Moreover, a significant decrease in lipid parameters like total cholesterol (12.20%), triglycerides (15.29%), LDL-cholesterol (13.85%), VLDL cholesterol (12.00%) with an increase in HDL cholesterol (3.41%) was found. Compliance of the subjects to omega 3 enriched wheat flour indicated that the test meal was acceptable with good sensory qualities and desirable shelf life at ambient temperature with no problem in procurement of raw materials. The meal was reported to elicit high satiety value and solved constipation problems. Thus, the study demonstrated that omega 3 enriched food proved to be beneficial in reducing blood lipid profile, thus would help in reducing cardiovascular risks when consumed in the daily diet.

Keywords: hyperlipidemic women, omega 3 enriched wheat flour, cardiovascular risks

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OPEN – 24

Nutrient, Antinutrient Content, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Herbal Crops

Elmuonzo1, Uma Maheswari K2, Anurag Chaturvedi3 and Susila T4

1Dept. of Foods and Nutrition, Post Graduate and Research Centre, ANGR Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 2MFPI- Quality Control Lab., ANGRAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 2Dept. of Foods and Nutrition, College of Home Science, ANGRAU, Saifabad, 3Herbal Garden Scheme, Dr. Y.S. R.

Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad Email: muoni19@gmail.com

Herbal crops are widely used in the treatment of diseases due to their antioxidant and

antimicrobial properties. Most research has focused on their antioxidant activity, though they are also known for their antimicrobial qualities. But the most important challenges faced by these formulations arise because of their lack of complete evaluation. In the present study, nutrient content, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of selected herbal crops (Basella rubra, Centella asiatica, Withania somnifera and Leucas aspera) were analyzed using standard methods. It was found that the nutrient content varies from, 65.63-90.99 % for moisture, 1.38-2.12 g/100g for protein, 0.82 -2.09 g/100g for fat, 1.15-18.21 g/100g for crude fibre and 0.88-2.21 g/100g for ash. Anti nutrient content ranged from, 260.15-1760.41 mg/100g for tannin and 99.69-301.16 mm/100g phytic acid. The antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of the samples was analyzed by estimating the zone of inhibition by disc diffusion method. The zone of inhibition varied between 4.67 mm to 9.33 mm. The antioxidant activity was estimated by using TBARS % (Thio Borbuteric acid Reducing substance) method and ranged from 283.29 - 445.94 %. Further investigations are needed to establish functional/nutraceutical benefits toxicological safety and anti-nutrient properties.

Keywords: herbal crops, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, disc diffusion technique

OPEN – 25 Efficacy of Organic Diet Based Pro Nature Therapy in Holistic Health Management

Sujata Pal1 , Maya Das1

1Indian Research Institute for Integrated Medicine (IRIIM), Mourigram Station Para, P.O. Unsani, Howrah, West Bengal 711 302

Email: iriim@rediffmail.com

‘Nature cures, not the physician’, ‘Your food shall be your medicine’- Hippocrates. Naturopathic foods produced by organic cultivation are the most effective nutritious diet. Pro nature therapy (i.e. Yoga-Naturopathy-Acupuncture-Acupressure etc.) with natural elements like air, earth, water, sun and natural foods (uncooked foods include raw vegetable salads, green leaves, seasonal fruits, sprouts, nuts and herbal drinks) without added preservatives, salt, sugar and other spices are highly beneficial._Hippocrates (460-357 B.C.) strongly advocated it. Holistic health management is a concept to treat psychological, physical, emotional, spiritual and social aspects of disease by pro nature therapy. Persons of various age groups studied. School going children and teen-age group were taught healthy habits in daily life along with naturopathic nutritious organic diet as per physiological need. Persons with diabetes, hypertension and other stressful conditions were advised naturopathic treatment and organic naturopathic diet. Anemic

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and undernourished patients took soaked dry fruits, honey, sattu, germinated mung, dalia etc. Salads and seasonal fruits are given either 30 min. prior or 3 hrs after main food. Cold susceptible children gained more immunity to prevent cold. Teen age group became more energetic, bowel habits became regular. Stressful persons were happy and fit than before. Haemoglobin level improved in anemic and undernourished patients. Our institute, IRIIM is continuously following various definite protocols for individual group. Still we think more in depth study is needed specially on organic based low-cost but nutritious and easily accessible foods for benefit of common people of our developing country.

Keywords: pro nature therapy, naturopathic foods, cold susceptible, haemoglobin levels

OPEN- 26

Aflatoxin B1-Induced Suppressed Male Reproduction in Adult Wistar Rats

Supriya. CH1 and P. Sreeenivasula Reddy2, Dept. of Biotechnology1 and Dept. of Zoology2, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati – 517502 Aflatoxins are a group of approximately 20 related fungal metabolites produced primarily by

the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. These fungi colonize a wide variety of food commodities including maize, oilseeds, spices, groundnuts, tree nuts, milk, and dried fruit thereby contaminate the food with aflatoxins. Among 20 different types of aflatoxins identified, Aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) is the most toxic and also has a deleterious effect on growth and metabolism of humans and domestic animals. Due to their potent toxicity, aflatoxins have attracted worldwide attention of toxicologists over the years. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the effect of Aflatoxin B1 on the reproductive health in male rats. Pre-pubertal (45 days) male rats received intramuscular injections of 10, 20, 50 or 100 µg/Kg body weight/day of AfB1 over a period of 55 days. At the end of the exposure period (day 100), control and experimental males were co-habited untreated females. Significant decrease in number of implantations and pre- and post-implantation loss was observed in females mated with AfB1-treated males. Significant reduction in the body and reproductive organ weights were observed in AfB1 treated rats. The daily sperm production and epididymal sperm count, number of viable sperms, motile sperms and HOS-tail coiled sperms decreased significantly in a dose dependent manner in AfB1 treated rats over controls indicating decreased sperm production and deteriorated sperm quality. Significant decrease in activity levels of testicular steroidogenic enzymes and circulatory serum testosterone levels were also observed in treated rats indicating decreased steroidogenesis. In addition, a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation levels with a significant decrease in the activity levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase were observed in AfB1-treated rats. From results it can be concluded that AfB1 induces oxidative stress, reduces steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis thereby affects the fertility in adult rats.

Keywords: wistar rats, aflatoxins, toxicologists, steroidogenic

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FREE COMMUNICATIONS - ORAL PRESENTATIONS

FOOD SCIENCE NUTRITION

OPFS-1

Enrichment of Antioxidant Activity of Fish on Refrigerated Preservation with Assorted Indian Spices

Banani De and Suchanda Chatterjee

Food Microbiology and Biochemistry laboratory, Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition Management, J. D. Birla Institute, 11, Lower Rawdon Street, Kolkata-700020

E-mail: bosebanani@gmail.com

Biologically important n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched fish lipid is highly susceptible to oxidative deterioration. This eventually decreases the nutritional value of the fish. Hence to delay the oxidation and to enrich the fish with natural antioxidants, six spices - fennel, black-pepper, ginger, cinnamon, celery, panchforon (mixture of fennel, celery, cumin, black-cumin, fenugreek), and BHT a synthetic antioxidant were mixed separately with homogenized tilapia fish muscle. Total lipid composition, oxidative stability and antioxidant activity of fish oil, extracted at interval of one week over a span of six weeks were evaluated. Amount of cholesterol, phospholipid, fatty acid along with peroxide, p-anisidine, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), iodine, conjugated diene-triene values, total phenol content, inhibition to peroxidation and metal chelating activity were estimated. Most of the values except phospholipid showed an overall increasing trend. Highest Values were recorded in control. Cinnamon enriched fish exhibited a decrease in the amount of cholesterol. For phospholipid it reduced to a value comparable with that of BHT. Contrary to other spices cinnamon and panchforon could successfully decrease the amount of malonaldehyde accumulation in oil. The highest phenolic concentration and inhibition to peroxidation was recorded in cinnamon extract. Ginger mixed fish oil recorded highest inhibition to peroxidation but least metal chelating activity. Cinnamon was more efficient in controlling oxidation, than panchforon. Celery and pepper were effective for a shorter span. Antioxidant activity of fish oil revealed that long storage of spiced-fish enriches it with antioxidants which are beneficial to human body in arresting the harmful free radicals.

Keywords: fish, antioxidants, spices, preservation.

OPFS-2

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Yogurt Incorporated with whey Protein Isolate

Devi Karuthapandian, Sandiravadhani. K and Sundaramoorthy Haripriya

Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry Email: devi.karuthapandian@gmail.com

Yogurt was formulated incorporating whey protein isolate (WPI) at 5% (variation 1(V1)),

10% (variation 2 (V2)) and 15% (variation 3 (V3)) levels with the objective of incorporating whey protein isolate (WPI) to the consumer acceptable level and enhancing the antioxidant activity of yogurt from the functional food perspective. In the quality evaluation study including physical and

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chemical methods, the significant decrease in texture (V1; 41.86±1.72, V2; 28.73±7.04, V3; 20.66±4.63), syneresis (V1,9.53±0.35; V2, 4.4±0.360; V3, 0.96±0.056) and increase in water holding capacity (V1,13.6±1.15; V2, 14±0; V3, 22±0), yellowness (b*) (V1, 12.22; V2, 16.55; V3, 16.53) compared to those were 100.93g, 3.23, 19.5 and 10.39 per cent respectively in standard yogurt while the significant increase in pH (V1, 5.50±0.011; V2, 5.60±0.02; V3, 5.61±0.007), total solids (V1, 14.3±1.178; V2, 17.0±2.73; V3, 22.6±0.90), titrable acidity (V1, 0.94±0.045; V2, 1.06±0.143; V3, 1.33±0.095) compared to those of 4.12, 12.2 and 0.72 per cent respectively in standard yogurt (P<0.05) with the acceptability of variation1 alone comparable to standard yogurt (P<0.05). Antioxidant activity assays showed the significant increase in DPPH (V1, 74.30; V2, 90.70; V3, 95.31), superoxide (V1, 47.80; V2, 49.32; V3, 52.43), hydroxyl (V1, 65.3; V2, 76.2; V3, 83.3) radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity (V1,57.65; V2,59.70; V3, 60.80) as compared to those of 66.97, 42.2 and 42.6, 55.60 per cent found respectively in standard yogurt (P<0.05). The present study implies the optimisation of incorporation of WPI to enhance the antioxidant activity of yogurt with the increased quality protein up to 20g per 100g.

Keywords: yogurt, whey protein isolate, antioxidant activity.

OPFS-3

Preparation and Characterization of Resistant Starch from Yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) Starch

Chagam Koteswara Reddy, Noor Mohamed.A & Sundaramoorthy Haripriya

Dept. of Food Science & Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry. Email: koteswarreddychagam@gmail.com

Starch is a major dietary component and naturally occurring polymer with diverse applications in food and other nutraceutical functions. Resistant starch (RS) reduces the risk of diabetes, obesity, cardio vascular diseases and colon cancer (dietary fibre content). The objective of the present study was to quantify the RS and characterization of RS obtained by enzymatic treatment of yam starch. The samples V2 (retrograded enzymatic hydrolyzed native starch) and V3 (retrograded enzymatic hydrolyzed gelatinized starch) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis (40 morphological U/g per 10 hr), autoclaved (1210C/30 min), stored under refrigeration and the sample was lyophilized and characterized for morphological, physical and functional properties. The morphology of the V1 showed round, elliptical, kidney shaped and irregular, with smooth surfaces. V2 and V3 resemble an amorphous mass of cohesive structure, thereby lacking granular appearance. The data showed significant (P<0.05) increase in amount of amylose (V2,51.5%; V3,59%) & RS of 30.6% and 35.3% in V2 & V3 respectively. Significant (P<0.05) increase in the water absorption capacity (WAC) (V2,5.75%; V3,6.25%), water solubility index (WSI) (V2,13.07%; V3,15.33%) and Relative crystallinity (RC) (V2,26.1%; V3,31.3%) for V2 & V3 and the decrease in swelling power (SP) (V2,5.7%: V3,3.28%) compared with V1 (WAC,3.57%; WSI,2.63%; RC,20.1%; SP,8.36%) respectively. Among the three samples, pasting properties such as peak, set back, break down and final viscosities were observed to be lower and higher thermal properties for V2 & V3 compared to V1.

Keywords: yam, starch, nutraceuticals, enzymatics

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OPFS-4

Morphological, Rheological, Textural and Thermal Properties of Resistant Starch from Potato (Solanum Tuberosum) Starch by Enzymatic Method

Sundaramoorthy Haripriya , Chagam Koteswara Reddy and Pramila. S

Dept. of Food Science & Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry. Email: shprieya@gmail.com

Resistant starch (RS) is a type of dietary fibre, which reduces the risk of diabetes, obesity, cardio vascular diseases and colon cancer. The objective of the present study was to prepare and evaluate morphological, rheological, textural and thermal properties of RS obtained by enzymatic treatment of potato (Solanum tuberosum) starch with pullulanase. The samples, V2 (retrograded enzymatic hydrolyzed native starch) and V3 (retrograded enzymatic hydrolyzed gelatinized starch) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis (40 U/g per 10 hr), autoclaved (1210C/30 min), stored under refrigeration and freeze dried and analysed for morphological, rheological, textural and thermal properties. The morphology of the V1 showed round, elongated, elliptical, irregular, with smooth surfaces. V2 and V3 resemble an amorphous mass of cohesive structure, thereby lacking granular appearance due to thermal treatment. The RS showed increased amount of amylose (V2, 42.6%; V3, 66.3%) & RS of 30.5% and 41.25% in V2 & V3 respectively. There was the significant (P<0.05) increase in water absorption capacity (WAC) (V2,6.09%; V3,5.09%), water solubility index (V2,6.09%; V3,9.1%) relative crystallinity (RC) (V2,30.2%; V3,35.3%) and the decrease in swelling power (SP) (V2,7.89%; V3,8.1%) compared with V1 (WAI,0.65%; WSI,1.81%, RC,22.3%; SP,8.85%). Among the three samples, pasting properties such as peak, set back, break down and final viscosities were observed to be lower with higher thermal properties and decreased hardness in texture for V2 & V3 compared to those for V1.

Keywords: persistent starch, potato, health enzymatic analysis.

OPFS-5

Effect of Roasting and Malting on Functional Properties of Wheat and Green Gram Flour

Kavitha. S and R. Parimalavalli

Dept. of Food Science, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu. Email: kavithabharathi31@gmail.com

Cereals are staple foods for human nutrition and their incorporation into various products is

of great economic importance. Wheat is an ample food due to the scrupulous properties of proteins in flour. Legumes are ideal supplement to cereals in vegetarian diet increased attention as functional ingredient and mung bean is an excellent source of high quality protein. The objective was to study the effect of roasting and malting on functional properties of wheat and green gram flour blend. Malted wheat flour (100%) and roasted wheat flour (100%) were considered as control. Malted wheat flour and malted green gram flour as well as roasted wheat flour and roasted green gram flour were used to formulate composite flour blend in ratios of 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. These

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were known as experimental flours and analyzed for functional properties such as water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), emulsification capacity (EC) and foaming capacity (FC). Results showed that malted flours had high WAC (3.37±0.15 to 5.75±0.05) than control (4.23±0.45 to 5.20±0.10) and roasted flours (5.04±0.09 to 5.45±0.05). Among the various blends, 50:50 blend had increased WAC. Malted flour had high OAC (1.19±0.06 to 2.15±0.05 ml/g) than control (0.63±0.01 to 2.01±0.33 ml/g) and roasted flour (1.04±0.02 to 1.62±0.1 ml/g). EC of the control, roasted and malted flours was 0.47±0.01%, 0.47±0.01% and 0.49±0.01% respectively. FC of the control, roasted and malted flours was 3.33 ±1.15%, 6.00±2.00% and 10.00±0.01% respectively. It can be concluded that malted flour can be incorporated into foods not only as protein supplements in diets, but also as functional agents in all type of foods.

Keywords: wheat, green gram, functional properties, roasting, malting

OPFS-6

Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa Frumentacea Link) Cookies: Development, Value Addition, Consumer Acceptability, Clinical And Shelf Life Evaluation.

Surekha N1, Rohini Devi1 and Ravikumar S Naik2.

1Dept. of Foods and Nutrition, College of Home Science, Marathwada Krishi Vidhyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra,

2Dept. of Agricultural Economics, UAS Dharwad, Karnataka Email:surekhan_1980@rediffmail.com

Millets have been neglected despite their nutritive value and therapeutic properties.

Barnyard millet is one of the underutilized nutritious millets. In developing countries like India with increasing urbanization, the demand for processed food is increasing popularly. Among them, bakery products particularly cookies command wide popularity both in urban and rural areas. Hence, an attempt was made to develop value added barnyard millet cookies with acceptable sensory attributes. Three types of cookies namely plain, pulse and vegetable cookies were developed. Trials were conducted by incorporating sago flour, soybean flour and green gram dhal flour and dehydrated carrot gratings to barnyard millet flour at different levels for developing plain, pulse and vegetable cookies respectively. Consumer acceptability studies were also conducted for the best accepted cookies. The nutrient composition and Glycaemic index of the best accepted variations was estimated by standard procedures. The shelf-life of the cookies was evaluated by conducting storage studies. The findings indicated that plain cookies prepared with 100 per cent barnyard millet, pulse cookies with 10 per cent incorporation of soy bean flour and green gram dhal flour and vegetable cookies with 10 per cent incorporation of dehydrated carrot gratings were best accepted. Eighty five per cent of the consumers liked pulse cookies. There was significant increase in the nutrient content of cookies after incorporation of pulses and carrot gratings. The Glycaemic index of vegetable cookies (21.65) and pulse cookies (24.42) was significantly lesser than for plain cookies (42.04). The developed cookies had a shelf life of 45-60 days.

Keywords: barnyard millet, cookies, value addition, glycogenic index, nutrient composition

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OPFS-7

Quality Evaluation of Probiotic Enriched Noodles from Fermented Cassava Flour

Geetha.P.S1 and A. Susheela Thirumaran2 Home Science College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural

University, Madurai - 625104. E-Mail: geethafsn@gmail.com

Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz), also called manioc, tapioca or yucca, is one of the important food crops in humid tropics and ranks as one of the main crops in the tropical countries. But cassava roots contain cyanide in the form of cyanogenic glucosides, notably the linamarine, which constitute a poison for the consumers when roots are processed improperly. The cassava root was cleaned, peeled and chipped and fermented for 48 hours using mixed culture Saccharomyces cerevisae and two Lactobacillus Spp. Cassava flour, refined wheat flour and defattened soy flour were used in different combinations to produce instant cassava noodles. Chemical (proximate, free fatty acid, peroxide value) and sensory properties of the instant cassava-refined wheat flour- defattened soy flour incorporated noodles were analyzed. The result obtained from the proximate analysis showed that increase in percentage of cassava in the noodle sample gave an increase in the carbohydrate, ash and fiber content respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the sensory attributes (colour, aroma, appearance, flavor, taste and texture) of the instant fermented cassava-refined wheat flour –defattened soybean flour samples. A noodle produced from 100% wheat flour (control) was the most acceptable product by the panelists. The calcium, phosphorus and iron content of noodles was increased compared to control. The important essential amino acids like lysine and metheonine were also comparatively higher in fermented cassava flour and defattened soy flour incorporated noodles. Cooking time of developed noodles from composite flour (15-18 min) was significantly (p<0.01) higher than cooking time of branded noodles (9.3 min). Mean overall organoleptic score of developed noodle from composite flour was in the range of highly acceptable criteria (20-25). By all means, 20% level of defattened soy flour blend incorporation was found to be acceptable.

Keywords: cassava roots, food poisoning, improper processing OPFS-8

Evaluation of Red Rice Varieties for Nutritional Quality and Functional Use in Promoting Lactation

Saritha Hegde1, Nirmala Yenagi1, Kasturiba B. 1, and Prashanti S.K.2

1Dept. of food science and Nutrition, College of Rural Home Science, 2 College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka

Email: saritha.6819@gmail.com

Traditionally red rice is being used as minimally polished or partially cooked raw rice (Yedurubelthege) and commonly as a sweet porridge (manni) for promoting lactation in the red rice growing regions of Shimoga and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka state. Traditional red rice cultivars of Shimoga such as Koragge, Jolaga, Kari Jaddu and Kirwana evaluated for nutritional and functional qualities showed significant differences for morphological and physical characteristics such as grain weight, length, breadth, L/B ratio and bulk density. The proximate principles for moisture, protein,fat ,ash and carbohydrate showed significant difference and ranged

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from 6-7.2%, 8.26-11.32 %, 2.48 – 2.99 % , 1.39 to 2.99 % and 78.25 – 81.54% respectively. Micro nutrient contents showed significant differences for zinc, iron, copper and manganese ranging from 0.89- 3.11, 16.67-36.21, 0.35-0.62 and 3.01 – 6.22 mg/100g respectively. The polyphenol and phytate phosphorous contents ranged from 0.91 – 1.53 mg/100g and 14.89 – 16.41 mg/ 100 g respectively. The total dietary fibre content ranged from 15.25 – 17.98% with soluble fibre content between 2.21 – 4.02 %. The molar ratio of phytic acid to minerals were high in all the cultivars. Red rice cultivars were nutritionally superior over commercially available parboiled rice, white rice and brown rice with respect to trace elements. The intermediate amylose content and the pasting characteristics observed in these cultivars were found to be ideal for use as parboiled rice ,rice gruel (ganjee) and porridge and most suitably during lactation and for all therapeutic purposes as functional food.

Keywords: Red rice, lactation, nutritional quality

OPFS-9

Effect of Hydrocolloids on the Properties of Little Millet

(Panicum sumatrense) Chakli

Hoitinkim Singson1, Nirmala Yenagi1, Valerie Orsat2 and Yvan Gariepy2

1Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Rural home Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka

2Dept. of Bio-resource Engineering, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste Anne-de-Bellevue Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.

E-mail: hoitinkim@gmail.com

A study was conducted to evaluate the physical characteristics and sensory attributes of little millet chakli modified with addition of hydrocolloids to reduce the fat content. Different hydrocolloids viz. Xanthan, Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), K4M-Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and E4M-Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) were added at 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 % for little millet chakli flour mix. The oil uptake and moisture content were evaluated by standard AOAC(1984) methods and texture by Instron-4502, colour by Minolta chromometer and sensory evaluation by 15 semi-trainedpanellist.Additionof hydrocolloids at 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 % decreased the oil uptake to 8.91, 14.72 and 29.65 % respectively with Xanthan, 0.24, 45.71 and 59.10% respectively with CMC, 10.22, 21.86 and 27.77 % respectively with K4M (HPMC), 10.54, 18.57 and 24.96 % respectively with E4M (HPMC). The moisture content increased with increasing percentage of the hydrocolloid addition. The hardness of the texture also increased with increase in hydrocolloid percentage. The colour of the chakli turned slightly lighter with hydrocolloid addition.The sensory evaluation revealed that the control chakli scored highest and that the overall acceptability of the chakli decreased with increase in hydrocolloids percentage. Addition of Xanthan and E4M upto 0.50 % had no effect on the sensory scores and K4M (HPMC) had no effect up to 1.00 % on the sensory scores. However for CMC the addition of hydrocolloids even at 0.25 % had a significant effect on the sensory scores. The study thus supports the addition of hydrocolloids to decrease the oil uptake of fried chakli.

Keywords: little millets, hydro-colloids, oil content

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OPFS-10

Evaluation of Little Millet Paddu for Functional, Nutritional, Microbiological and Sensory Attributes as Compared to Rice Padd

Deepa M. Madalageri1, Nirmala B. Yenagi1 and Geeta Shirnalli2

1Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.

2AICRP on RES (Bioconversion Technology), UAS, Dharwad.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate of little millet paddu for functional, nutritional, microbiological and sensory attributes as compared to rice paddu. The standardized proportion of ingredients (cereal to pulse mix) ie., 6:1and 4:1 was used for the preparation of little millet paddu and rice paddu respectively. Keeping the other processing conditions constant, soaking the ingredients for 6 h V12., and fermenting the batter for 14 h and using this batter, paddu were prepared. Significant difference in the increase in the volume, bulk density, specific gravity, pH that for and titratable acidity of little millet batter was observed compared to rice batter. The changes in physical characteristic of paddu with respect to total volume, average volume and bulk density of paddu were significant for little millet and rice paddu, whereas the total number, total weight of paddu and average weight of paddu did not show significant changes. Little millet paddu was highly nutritious than rice paddu and did not show significant difference in the scores of sensory attributes. Significant difference in the microbial population was observed between little millet and rice irrespective of the duration of fermentation of batter. Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus spp. and yeast dominated the fermentation process among all the microorganisms. In little millet paddu yeast were observed whereas in rice paddu bacteria were present.

Keywords: little millets, food analysis, nutritional attributes

OPFS-11

Antioxidant Activity of Little Millet Landraces and Value Added Ready to

Eat Little Millet Based Food Products

Nazneen Kundgol, Kasturiba B and Sumalata B

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Rural Home Science College, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka-580005

Email: allahreham01@gmail.com

Totally 92 little millet land races were procured from the farmers of different Districts of Karnataka i.e., Dharwad, Haveri and Chitradurga, grown in the year 2007-09. Based on chemical composition top 10 land races were selected to study the antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity in whole millet grain ranged from 19.o6 to 24. 33 per cent in millets collected from Chadaval-66 and Mantrodi-77. Antioxidant activity in decorticated grain varied from 12.80 to 23.52 per cent in millets collected from Chikkayagatti-07 millet and Jekinkatti-82 millet. Bran contained highest antioxidant activity compared to decorticated grain and whole millet grain. Bran contained 27.85 to 33.89 percent in millets collected from Chikkayagatti-07 millet and Chikkayagatti-01 millet. Numerically there was no difference found in antioxidant activity based on locality, color, size and shape. Antioxidant activity in decorticated grain and whole millet was statistically significant and

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there was no significant difference observed in bran for antioxidant activity .Antioxidant activity in little millet based food products ranged from 17.77 to 34.08 percent.

Keywords: millets, antioxidant activity OPFS-12

DEVELOPMENT OF METHI BISCUITS

Suma.M and M.Aruna Msc (Food Science & Quality Control), Dept .Of HomeScience

Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visva Vidyalayam,Tirupati.

Fenugreek is also known as greek hay .It is a herb that is found commonly growing everywhere. The leaves and seeds are primarily used as aclinary spice. Fenugreek seeds have been found to contain protein, calcium, vit-C, niacin, potassium and diosgeni properties similar to estrogen. Other attractive constituents in fenugreek are alkaloids, lysine and saponin. Fenugreek contains a lot of mucilage, which helps gastro intestinal inflammation by colon and intestine. Traditionally fenugreek has been used in ayurvedic medicine in india to heal many ailments.lutein is one of the impatant yellow corticoids present in green leafy vegetables. Lutein is an impartant vision related hydroxy carotenoid. It has no pro-vitamin A activity and is mainly accumulated in the macula of human eye. Thus with the medicinal value in it helps to control many of the illnesses due to which an attempt was made to develop methi biscuits with the objectives by standardizing methi biscuits and to find out the nutrient composition of methi biscuits. The standardization of methi biscuits was taken of different variations of the samples because to identify the acceptable variations by the analysts.these developed biscuits were analysed using techniques for protein , calcium,iron ,vit-C,riboflavin. the protein content of methi biscuits decreased from basic biscuits (12.1gm-9.8gm).the calcium content of methi biscuits increased from basic biscuits (48mg-84mg).the iron content of methi biscuits decreased from basic biscuits (3.15mg-2.25mg).the vitamin-C content of methi biscuits increased from basic biscuits (0-10.46).the riboflavin content of methi biscuits increased from basic biscuits(0.17-0.28).

Keywords: methi biscuits, fenugreek, alkaloids

OPFS-13

Effect of Different Types of Cooking on Phytonutrient Content of Grapes and Pineapple

Josephin.D¹, and Sujatha Venkadesh², Lalitha Ramakrishnan³

¹³Dept. of Food and Nutrition, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-14, ²Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Govt General Hospital,

E.mail: josephin_jeeva@rediffmail.com

Phytonutrients are organic compounds found in plants which can protect humans against diseases such as cancer, heart disease and age related degeneration. Fruits and vegetables being rich in phytonutrients protect human health. Ten grams of each of the fruit samples was weighed and cut into approximately 5mg of equal pieces and cooked for two mins by boiling, pressure cooking, steaming, baking and microwaving. The phytonutrients namely carotene,

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lycopene, phenol and polyphenol were analysed in the selected fruit samples in raw form and after cooking using standardised procedures. The carotene content of raw grapes which was 60µg/100g increased to 80µg/100g after baking, however after boiling, pressurecooking, steaming and microwaving it reduced to 40µg,46.7µg,53.3µg and 40µg/100g respectively. In raw pineapple the carotene content increased from73.7µg to 93.3µg,86.7µg,86.7µg,73.8µg/100g after pressure cooking, steaming, baking, and microwaving respectively. The lycopene content in grapes also increased after steaming and microwaving, but showed no change after baking, boiling and pressurecooking. The lycopene content of raw pineapple was 1.91mg/100g and increased to 1.97mg,1.99mg,1.99mg,2.0mg,2.02mg/100g after cooking. The phenol content of raw grapes which was 0.57mg/100g increased to 0.6mg,0.59mg, 0.62mg, and 0.62mg/100g while in pineapple there was a marginal increase. The polyphenol content of raw grapes which was 13.8mg/100g increased to 16.4mg, 16 mg, 16.8mg 16.7mg and 16. mg/100g after cooking and in raw pineapple it increased from 3.11mg/100g to 5.78mg,5.78mg,5.33g,5.78g and 5.33mg/100g after baking, boiling, pressure cooking , steaming and microwaving respectively. It may be concluded that the lycopene and polyphenol content of grapes and pineapple, and the carotene content of pineapple had increased after cooking, supporting that cooking for a short period is beneficial.

Keywords: fruit nutrition, therapeutic value, phyto-nutrients, cooking

OPFS-14

Study on Nutritional Evaluation: with Special Reference to Some Edible Fin Fish

Vijaya Baskara Reddy. M* 1, Karthik.A1

, Sasikala.P 1, Lakshmi NarasimhaMurthy.N2, Sreevani.D3, Kishore .S2

1.Dept. of Live Stock Production And Management, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, 2.Dept. of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati,

3.Dept. of Botany, Sri Padmavathi Womens University, Tirupati E-mail: vijaybhaskar24@gmail.com

The present study was aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of six important commercial fishes from India. Nutritive parameters which include carbohydrate, protein, fatty acid and Moisture content were estimated biochemically. The moisture content in the case of the two brackish water fishes namely Lates calcarifer and Mugil cephalus varies from 76.91 to 81.35% and the highest is found in L. calcarifer. Analysis of protein were carried out in the total number of six fishes inhabiting three ecosystems namely brackish, fresh and marine water ecosystem However, in the case of marine fishes the protein content showed much fluctuation. It ranged from 16.94 to 29.91%. In the case of Sardinella longiceps, the protein content is the lowest 16.04%. Catlacatla exhibited lipid content of 1.6% where as in Oreochromis mossambicus the lowest value of 0.48% was observed. The highest amount of carbohydrate was found in the Lates calcarifer, the value being 21.8% where as in Mugil cephalus the carbohydrate content was 18.13% only. The fatty acid composition of the fresh water reported here show marked differences in quantities of polyunsaturated fatty acids especially C22:6n3 (Docosahexaenoic Acid) compared to various other species analyzed. Overall these data on fresh water fish particularly are highly unsaturated with a high concentration of C22: 6n3. From this investigation it is concluded that each habitat group of fishes has its own biological value.

Key words: fatty acid, lipid, moisture, protein carbohydrate, fresh water fish

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OPFS-15 QUALITY EVALUATION OF SUGARCANE SYRUP

Thilagavathi.T1, Hemalatha.G2, Banumathi.P3 and Nagarajan.P4, Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Home Science College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu

Agricultural University, Madurai 625 104. Dept. of Agrl. Microbiology, Horticultural College & Research Institute, Periyakulam 625 604.

Email: thilagavathiraj@gmail.com

Sugarcane, being one of the cash crops of India, its juice is available almost throughout the country. Fresh sugarcane juice cannot be stored normally for more than six hours due to the presence of simple sugars which spoils its quality and commercially it has short shelf life. Sugarcane syrup was developed using various levels of concentrations viz., 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80o Brix. The sugarcane syrup at 70o Brix was evaluated to be highly acceptable. The control (syrup from refined sugar) and sugarcane syrup (70o Brix) were processed, packed in different packaging materials viz, polyethylene (400 gauge) bag (P1), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) jars (P2) and glass bottles (P3) and stored at room temperature and assessed for changes in physical, chemical, microbial and sensory quality at periodic intervals of 30 days during a storage period of 180 days. Among the different packaging materials, glass bottles were highly acceptable for long storage life of sugarcane syrup. A decrease in moisture (24.06 to 23.19 %), pH (4.65 to 4.47), protein (1.97 to 1.85 g/100g) and total sugar (63.95 to 62.65 g/100g) content of sugarcane syrup packed in glass bottles during storage was noticed. An increase in acidity (0.64 to 0.77 g/100g) and reducing sugar (27.50 to 29.07 g/100g) content of sugarcane syrup packed in glass bottles were observed at the end of storage. However, no changes were observed in ash and mineral content of the samples during storage. A slight decrease in sensory quality of sugarcane syrup was noticed at the end of storage period. Initially there was no bacterial, fungal and yeast count in the control and treated samples. The microbial load at the end of study was within permissible limits. Value added products from sugarcane syrup such as cake, adhirasam, paniyaram, peanut brittles and sweet balls from puffed rice were standardized and organoleptically evaluated to be highly acceptable.

Keywords: sugarcane syrup, storage, shelf life

OPFS-16

Effect of Dehydration on Quality Characteristics of Extruded Pasta using Finger Millet Milk Powder

Narayanasamy Sangeetha1 and M.Pushpa Devi 2

Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University E-mail: praba_sangeen@yahoo.com

Millet is an indispensable food for millions of people inhabiting the semi-arid tropics. It is

used primarily for humans and remains as a major source of calories and vital component for food security in semi-arid areas of in the developing world. The present study focused on the use of processed underexploited millets for production of extruded products. Finger millet was chosen for the study due to its immense potential and gluten free property. The techniques used for processing finger millet are soaking, sprouting, extraction of milk from millet, dehydration and milling for the development of finger millet milk powder. Physical properties viz., bulk density, swelling power, water holding capacity, foam capacity and foam stability and nutritional properties viz., protein, ash, fat and carbohydrate, calorific value of the millet milk powder were characterized. Further the millet milk powder was subjected to extrusion cooking which was

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carried out using a single screw extruder at 400rpm the pasta extruded from refined flour was served as control. The organoleptic qualities of extruded samples were analyzed by panelists on a 9 point hedonic scale. The findings of the study revealed significant differences (P<0.05) in all the parameters between the control and millet milk powder. Organoleptic evaluation suggested that the millet milk pasta had higher scores and highly acceptable among the panelists. The immense potential of dehydrated millet milk powder as determined experimentally could be utilized for the development of novel food products therapeutic value. Keywords: finger millet, milk powder, therapeutic value.

OPFS-17 Effect of Hot-Air Drying on Quality of Zingiber officinale Extract

infused Coconut Chips

Sivasakthi, M1, Narayanasamy Sangeetha2, Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry

E-mail:lillybol99@gmail.com Osmotic dehydration drying technology (ODDT) finds an its eminent role in the

development of phytochemical and nutrient dense foods to address the food security of India. Coconut slices of 0.8 ± 0.1 mm thickness was osmotically dehydrated in sucrose solutions of different concentrations (100%, 90% and 80%) with or without the infusion of Zingiber officinale extracts of 5% Ginger Extract(GE1) upto 60 % (GE12)was observed for every 5% increased infusion. The osmotic process was carried out for one hour duration. Then the slices were dried in a hot air oven (HAD) at a temperature of 50-60°C for about 7 to 8 hours . Osmotic medium without the infusion of ginger extract served as the control. The chemical, physical, sensory and other parameters which affect the quality and shelf-life of the chips were determined. Moisture, rehydration and other studies hold favorable effects in storage and shelf life of the chips within desirable standard limits. Sensory parameters with highly accepted score of 8.66 (GE10 - 50% infusion) and 8.45 (GE3-15% infusion) of the selected ginger extract infused chips compared with control (6.33) revealed greatest significant difference at (p� 0.05) level. Indeed, the use of ginger extract infused osmo-hot air dried coconut chips showed higher total sugars, energy, antioxidant minerals than control, which could be recognized commercially as a nutrient dense snack food especially for the vulnerable sectors.

Keywords: cocos nucifera, osmotic dehydration, antioxidants, zingiber officinale extract, chips.

OPFS-18

Rheological and Sensory Characteristics of Nutri enriched Ready to Cook Roti

Sujitha. R, D.Sridevi Dept. of nutrition and dietetics, Dr.N.G.P Arts and Science College, Coimbatore

E-mail: sujisweet143@gmail.com

Ready to cook means precooked or half cooked food with good taste, easily digestible, more appetizing, convenient, nutritious and easy to store with proper packaging. The high content of dietary fiber is a challenge in relation to good texture and sensory quality, stability and bioactive compounds which have marked influence on health effects of cereal food. Rye has many potential health benefits to relieve constipation, reducing weight, controlling diabetes etc. addition of soy flour and wheat germ increases the protein digestibility of the products for human consumption

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and being an excellent source of tocopherol, B-group vitamins and oil. Nutri enriched roti were prepared from rye flour, soy flour, wheat gram, maida in different proportion and evaluated for sensory analysis to determine their suitability of roti, It was observed that third variation has got highest score to prepare nutri enriched ready to cook roti in methods of oven (hot air oven, microwave oven) for partial cooking and it will be subjected to physiochemical (ash, moisture, dry gluten and wet gluten), Nutrient analysis (carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber), Rheological characteristics (dough development time, dough stability, water absorption, softening of dough) of the roti at initial and after 15 days of refrigerated in a aluminium foil cover. It was concluded that microwave oven ready to cook roti was highly acceptable and used for different types of recipes.

Keywords: Ready to cook roti, multi-enrichment

OPFS-19

Nutritional Profile of Prebiotic Yoghurt- Functional Food Formulated With Inulin and Fructo-oligosaccharides

Sudha Rani. K* and N.Srividya**

Dept. of Home Science, SV University, Tirupati Dept. of Home Science, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur

A protocol was developed for low fat prebiotic yoghurt with inclusion of standard starter

cultures, and inulin/ fructooligosaccharides (FOS) as prebiotics. The nutritional profile and sensory acceptability of control yoghurt (CY), inulin prebiotic yoghurt (IY) and FOS prebiotic yoghurt (FY) was studied. The nutritional profile of the products studied included proximate and mineral composition, carbohydrate profile and in vitro calcium availability. Moisture level of CY was higher than that for IY and FY. The proximate principles analysed were much higher in IY followed by FY and control. The carbohydrate profile determined included the total soluble sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars. The prebiotics (which are fructose polymers) containing yoghurt exhibited a high sugar profile. The FY showed high mineral profile of Ca, Mg and P followed by IY. In vitro calcium availability was found to be higher in yoghurt samples containing inulin. Both IY and FY recorded higher sensory acceptability scores than CY, particularly for texture and taste. The present investigation resulted in the development of low fat prebiotic yoghurts with improved functionality and enhanced health benefits, suitable for infants and elderly owing to its better digestibility and high nutrient availability, for boosting the immune system and for producing beneficial clinical and systemic effects.

Keywords: yoghurt, value addition, nutritional value health OPFS-20

DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF VEGETABLE SANDWICH BISCUITS

Monica Yadav1, Swapnika B1, A Ravinder2,

1MS Food Technology, Dept of Home Science, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 2Dept of Food Technology & Management, Loyola Academy, Secunderabad

Email: monica_cham23@yahoo.com

This study aims at formulating and quality assessment of vegetable sandwich biscuits. The term sandwich biscuits means that a layer of cream is sandwiched between two biscuits, where

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biscuits and cream are incorporated with dehydrated vegetable powder. The rationale behind this study was to enhance nutritive value of the normal cream sandwiched biscuits. Two variations were formulated which include the incorporation of 30-40% dehydrated vegetable powder like Daucus carota (carrot) and Spinacia oleracea (spinach) separately .The selection of vegetables also serves the purpose of a natural coloring agent, the developed products carrot cream sandwich biscuits(CCSB) and spinach cream sandwich biscuits(SCSB) were compared with standard cream sandwich biscuit and analysis done for both raw and finished product, for final products carotene 39.6-40.2% moisture content 2.6-2.71%, ash 0.85-0.86% , acidity 0.31-0.33%, acid insoluble ash 0.049-0.5% , sensory parameters using structured 9 point hedonic rating scale to know the acceptability. The result obtained showed higher preference for CCSB followed by SCSB. The average scores for overall acceptability ranged from 7.8 to 8.5 for different variations. For packing, molded container was used to retain the physical shape of packaged biscuits.

Keywords: vegetable sandwich, biscuits, quality assessment, dehydrated vegetable powder

OPFS-21

IMPACT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION HOT WATER AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE ON SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF PAPAYA

Sri Jaya.M1, Sunitha. M1, Kusuma.DL2

1Food Technology Division, Sri Satya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur 2Food Technology Division, Sri Venketeswara University, Tirupati.

E*-mail:psrijaya@gmail.com

Papaya is a tropical fruit of great acceptance. Perishability and inherent short shelf life poses great problem in transportation and marketing of papaya. Food processing by employing radiation is a novel non thermal mode of food preservation for quality assurance and improved food safety. The effect of elucidating the maintenance of fruit quality in papaya has been studied by application of gamma irradiation in combination with post harvest treatments which might have some positive effects on prolonging the shelf life and retaining fruit quality. Hence, the present investigation was under taken to evaluate the influence of different treatments on shelf life and quality of papaya.

Papaya fruit procured from local market were given post harvest dipping treatment with hot water (600C for 5 min) and CaCl2 solution (2% Conc, 20 min.) followed by gamma irradiation at dose levels of 0.25 KGy and 0.75 KGy using CO60 source and stored at ambient(250c) and refrigerated(120c) temperatures. Non irradiated samples served as control. The treated fruit were evaluated for physical (physiological loss in weight, firmness and colour),chemical (total soluble solids, titrable acidity and sugars)and microbial quality during storage.

The study concluded that radiation dose of 0.75 KGy along with CaCl2 enhanced the shelf life of papaya by 12 days at low temperature with good keeping and nutritional quality as compared to that for control. Microbiological quality studies indicated that hot water treatment with gamma irradiation at 0.75KGy was effective in checking yeast and mould under low temperature as compared to untreated fruit under same conditions. Hence combination treatments under low temperature proved effective in extending the shelf life of papaya with minimal changes in quality characteristics.

Keywords: papaya, irradiation, shelf life

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OPFS-22

A Study on Physico-Chemical Properties and Organoleptic Qualities of Tomato Puree: Effect of Cultivar and Stage of Ripeness

Swathi Sirisha. N. C, D.L. Kusuma

Dept. of Home Science, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh Email: swathi.sirisha13@gmail.com

The main focus of the project was to evaluate the physico chemical and organoleptic

properties of puree obtained from selected determinate and semi determinate tomato cultivars “3140” and “NISHA” respectively at various stages of ripening. The fruits were harvested mature green and stored at 28˚C and 5˚C. The tomatoes were pureed at mature green, light red and soft red ripening stages respectively for both the cultivars. The evaluation at soft red ripening stage has been done to investigate the suitability of over ripened fruits for processing. The effect of cultivar and stages of ripening on various physico chemical and organoleptic properties that are considered as important factors in processability of tomato puree were studied. Physico chemical properties like brix, moisture, total solids, acidity, vitamin C and lycopene content were found to differ among different stages of ripening rather than for cultivars. The organoleptic characteristics namely odour, consistency, taste and overall acceptability were evaluated by preparing common household soup recipe from tomato puree. The puree prepared from over ripened stage was acceptable with respect to physico chemical and sensory characteristics. The utilization of excessively ripened fruits in the preparation of industrial products hence can be recommended keeping in view the nutritional and physico chemical benefits. The post harvest losses occurring due to over ripening of tomatoes can be minimized by efficiently utilizing them for preparation of puree. Keywords: tomato, ripening, organoleptics, industrial applications

OPFS-23

Formulation of Blackberry Squash as Ready to Serve Beverage.

1 Swapna. K. V, 2Sucharitha. K. V, 3Beulah. A.M 1,2,3,4 Dept. of Home Science, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502.

Email: suchivenkata@gmail.com Black Berry (Syzygium cumini) ranks higher in its antioxidant strength, due to higher content of polyphenolic compounds such as ellagic acid, tannis, quercetn gallic acids, anthocyanins and cyanidins. Jamun fruits contains glucose, fructose, vitamins A and C along with many other natural minerals. Black Berry is highly valued in India for a number of medicinal properties in its fruit, seed and leaves and is recommended to control diabetes, dysentery, diarrhoea , odema, ringworm fever. A fruit juice squash essentially consists of juice containing moderate amount of fruit pulp to which cane sugar is added as a sweetener. The nutritive value of real beverage is a greater than that of synthetic beverages. The present study was planned to develop a nutritious “Squash” with blackberry fruits. The squash was developed with blackberry fruits, sugar, citric acid, water and sodium benzoate as main constituents. Three samples of squash were developed with different proportions of blackberry pulp and sugar concentrations. The sample with the proportion of 37:55 secured maximum organoleptic scores with 25ml squash

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and 50ml of water dilution. The Black berry squash was prepared as a value added product ready to serve (RTS) refreshing beverage. The Black berry squash can be supplemented to improve the nutritional and health status of individuals with natural vitamins and minerals through food diversification.

Keywords: black berry, squash, RTS beverage, diabetes

OPFS-24

Effect of Potassium meta Bisulphite on Partially Dried Tomato

Jhansi. D and Sucharitha K.V Dept. of Home Science, SV University, Tirupati

Tomato is the world’s important vegetable crop and claimed as a protective food both for its

special nutritive value and wide spread production. Being seasonal and perishable fruit, significant proportion of tomato fruit is wasted and as such challenges posses a food technologists to develop the suitable preservation technique. The preservation industry at present is able to utilize less than five percent of the total production for preservation as products like canned fruits, jucies, squashes, pulp, jams, jellies. Consequently, there is a need to utilize tomato fruit for production of shelf – stable products. In view of this the present study is planned to preserve cut tomato pieces of tomato using potassium meta bisulphite (KMS) treatment at three different percentages viz., 2,4 and 6 percent. The shelf-life of the product is tested in terms of organoleptic and microbial analysis. The analytical studies revealed that minimum of one month shelf life with 6% KMS treatment with out any organoleptic changes. Thus, the findings clearly indicated that KMS treatment could be one of the efficient means of preserving tomato cuts.

Keywords: tomato cut pieces, value addition, post harvest technology

OPFS-25

Occurrence of Histamine Producing Bacteria in Indian Traditional Foods

Sumitha Devarajan and Prathapkumar Halady Shetty

Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India.

Email: sumi.micro@gmail.com

Histamine is a natural constituent of fermented foods generated by microbial activity. Occurrence of histamine in fermented foods is of public concern due to worries of histamine poisoning and hence there is a growing demand from consumers and regulatory authorities to set limits for safety. One hundred and fifty one (151) histamine forming bacteria (HFB) were isolated from various fermented food such as pickles (20), koozhu (18), idli batter (5) and fish (6) using Niven’s differential medium. The levels of aerobic plate count (APC) and lactic acid bacterial count in pickle samples ranged from 5.3-6.5 log CFU/g and 5 to 6.4 log CFU/g. The levels of aerobic plate count (APC) and lactic acid count in koozhu samples ranged from 7.6-9.6log CFU/g and 7.9 to 9.6 log CFU/g. Aerobic plate count (APC) and lactic acid count in idli batter samples ranged from 8.6-9.3 log CFU/g and 8.3 to 8.9log CFU/g. The levels of aerobic plate count (APC) and lactic acid count in fish samples ranged from 7.6-7.8 log CFU/g and 6.3 to7.6 log CFU/g.�The isolates were primarily distinguished on the basis of their cultural and morphological studies. Subsequently

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they were subjected to numerous physiological and biochemical tests and identified as Lactobacillus spp., Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Enterococcus sp, and Proteus species. Quantification of histamine was performed using HPLC, it was found more in pickle and fish. This�is the first report on the presence of histamine forming bacteria in Indian fermented foods.

Keywords: histamine, fermented foods, foods safety limits

OPFS-26

Development of Instant Idli Mix Using Underutilized Grains

Trushna Danak1 and Tejashri Patel2 Smt. Kamlaben P.Patel College of Home Science, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University,

Vallabh Vidhyanagar, Gujarat, India. Email: tejashri2800@rediffmail.com

Use of Instant foods is the most convenient for present generation as they are easy to

cook. All these instant foods need value addition to improve the nutritional value. The development of such foods can be improved by using underutilized grains such as Kodri (Paspolum scrobiculatum) and Ragi (Elucine coracana). The objective of the present research was to develop Instant Idli Mix (IIM) using underutilized grains. For this study two different IIM were prepared, Homemade IIM and Experimental IIM. Homemade IIM was prepared using parboiled rice (70%) and udad dhal (30%) and Experimental IIM was prepared using parboiled rice (35%), ragi(25%), kodri (20%) and whole udad (20%). IIM of Talod brand was used as Control IIM. Idli were prepared from all the IIM and analyzed for its sensory attributes, storage stability and nutritional parameters. Prepared idli form different IIM were analyzed for its different sensory characteristics. On the basis of score given by panelist, Experimental IIM obtained higher score compared to Control IIM and Homemade IIM. Prepared idli from different IIM were analyzed for its nutritional parameters from raw and cooked samples and compared with the control. The cooked samples of Experimental IIM contained ash 2.77gm%, calcium 284.30 mg%, iron 26.68 mg%, phosphorus 192.27 mg%, carbohydrate 107.33gm%, protein 12.11gm%, fat 5.38gm% and fiber 2.38 gm% which is significantly higher compared to the Homemade IIM and Control IIM. On the basis of result, it can be concluded that from all the IIM, the Experimental IIM had higher nutritional value, obtained higher score in the sensory evaluation and can be stored for more than 60 days.

Keywords: minor millets, value addition, instant foods

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FREE COMMUNICATIONS - POSTER PRESENTATIONS

COMMUNITY NUTRITION

PSCN-1

Food Safety in Food Security: An Assessment of ICDS

Manoj Kumar, Kusum Bharti, Pramila Prasad, M.P.Saha, P.G. Dept. of Home Science – Food & Nutrition, T.M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur.

Email: Kumarmanoj9234@rediffmail.com

Food Safety is a scientific discipline of handling, preparation and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness. Food Security is Accessibility, Availability, and Absorption. Improving food safety is an essential element of improving food security which exist where population have access to sufficient healthy food. Certain food safety hazards are closely linked with sanitation water, food preparation and marketing of food. An alternative prospective is that enhanced food safety is key to important in health and nutrition. The Food Safety & Standard Authority of India (FSSAI) has been established under Food Safety Standard Act. 2006. ICDS is one of the mega projects of India in the field of nutrition intervention of women and children as a form of SNP & THR. The present study was carried out to study the food safety in food security of preschool children in rural Anganwadi cetres of Bhagalpur & Banka Districts of Bihar. In 400 preschool children of 150 AWCS ¾ th of the children were not getting adequate diet. Only 02% AWCs were maintaining safe environment and sanitation. Eighty two % AWCs had not proper storage facility of food item, among them, 91% AWCs were not maintaining proper storage technique. There were not separate kitchen in 70% AWCS and 60% AWHs, had lack of skill in SNP preparation. Only 2% centres were found clean and safe cooking utensils for SNP preparation and serving utensils. Only few centres had plates of their own, to serve SNP to the children. Only 21% AWC were maintaining proper Quality & Quantity of SNP, according to the recommended menu. Only 14% children were found with satisfactory Personal Hygiene & Sanitation i.e. cut nails, clean and combed hair, washed hand and clean uniform. When asked, only 10% children were found to take their bath daily and 20% children were suffering from food borne illness, fever, diarrhoea & abdominal cramps. Therefore, it may be concluded that most of the AWCs do not maintain food safety in food security, resulting in approx. 50% children suffering from health complication. For the improvement of health and nutrition status of preschool children in AWCs, food safety in food security must be ensured.

Keywords : food safety in food security, personal hygiene and sanitation, food borne illness, nutritional status PSCN – 2

Weight Status, Dietary Habits and Physical Activity Pattern of Affluent Adolescents In A Selected School of Gurgaon

Ashu Aggarwal1, and Anita Malhotra2

Indira Gandhi Open University, Delhi. Email:1973.ashu@gmail.com, Lakshmibai College (University of Delhi), Delhi.

Email: anitamalhotra28@gmail.com

Obesity is emerging as a serious public health problem among urban Indian adolescents. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the weight status of adolescents and to

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identify the factors associated with obesity. From a purposively identified school of Gurgaon, 400 students (209 boys and 191 girls) studying in classes IX- XII and aged 13-18 years were selected. Weight and height were measured to compute Body Mass Index (BMI) and dietary data were gathered by food frequency questionnaire. Of these, 90 subjects (30 each in normoweight, overweight and obese group) were randomly selected to gather detailed information about dietary practices and physical activity through a pre-tested questionnaire. Chi square test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression were employed for data analysis. Findings indicate moderate prevalence of overweight/ obesity (27%) as per WHO, 2007 reference data. Compared to normoweights, a higher proportion of overweight/obese subjects were non-vegetarian (60%), missed breakfast (33%), ate out more frequently (60%) including the canteen food (63%) and had heavy dinner (43%). They reportedly consumed high-fat, energy-dense and high-sugar products more often and green leafy vegetables less often (p<0.05). Significantly high proportion of overweight and obese (60-87%) did not exercise at all, played sedentary games and watched television for 3-6 hours daily(p<0.05). High frequency of skipping meal and of eating out together with longer sleeping hours contributed significantly to higher BMI (p<0.05). The findings underline moderate prevalence of obesity along with faulty eating behavior and lack of physical activity among the selected school going adolescents.

Key words: Obesity, Adolescents, Body mass Index, Carried questionary, data analysis

PSCN - 3

Impact of Poverty on Food and Nutritional Security - Current Scenario

Changmei Shadang1 and Dorothy Jaganathan2 Dept. of Food Service Management and Dietetics , Avinashilingam Institute of Home Science and

Higher Education For Women, Coimbatore-641 043 Tamil Nadu Email: sorin.shadang@gmail.com, jramaya1975@gmail.com

Poverty has traditionally been defined as income or expenditure, and can be viewed in

relative or absolute terms. Poverty and food security are complex and multi-dimensional in nature. Poverty leads to under nutrition and food insecurity by limiting poor people's access to food. About three-fourth of India's population living in the rural sector is reeling under abject poverty, illiteracy, ill-health, unemployment, low quality of life and so on. Food insecurity causes poverty, vulnerability and livelihood insecurity, but is at the same time also a result of these conditions. It is widely accepted that poverty is currently the principal root cause of food insecurity at the level of households. Food security at the level of each individual is hence important. Widespread poverty resulting in chronic and persistent hunger is the single biggest scourge of the developing world today. Hunger and food insecurity are the core afflictions of poor people, and specifically sets out to halve the proportion of extremely poor and hungry people in the world. “Food security at the individual, household, regional, national and global levels exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”. Poverty related issues have always been a matter of great concern for the developing countries, which are having a running battle with this scourge. Poverty eradication is essential to improve access to food. The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)'s 2008 Global Hunger Index says that with over 200 million people

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insecure about their daily bread, Indian scenario is ‘alarming' in terms of hunger and malnutrition. India ranks 66 among 88 countries in the hunger index. Poverty exists when individuals or groups are not able to satisfy their basic needs adequately. Food and nutrition security depends upon a complex interplay of macro policy, agricultural policy, food and nutrition policy, access to education, health, potable drinking water, and sanitation, income and employment security, and social security . Food security is achieved if adequate food (quantity, quality, safety, socio cultural acceptability) is available and accessible for satisfactorily utilized by all individuals at all times to live a healthy and happy life.

Keywords : poverty, unemployment, eradication, drinking water

PSCN-4

Comparison of Complementary Feeding Practices among Urban and Rural Mothers – A Community Based Cross Sectional Study

S. Ashwini1, Katti S. M.2, Mallapur M. D.3

Dept. of Community Medicine, J. N. Medical College, Belgaum Email: ashwini2184@gmail.com

Optimal complementary feeding practice ranks first among the most effective interventions

to improve child health. Present study was undertaken to compare complementary feeding practices among urban and rural mothers and to study the socio-demographic factors, influencing complementary feeding practices. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in urban field practice area of Khasbag Urban Health Centre and villages Vantamuri, Kakati A and B, Honaga and Bhutaramanahatti under Primary Health Centre Vantamuri, Belgaum. 400 urban and 380 rural mothers having a one year old child were randomly selected. Study was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Information on socio-demographic variables and complementary feeding practices were recorded. In the present study, majority of urban (65.00%) as well as rural mothers (64.21%) were between 20 to 24 years of age. Though majority of both urban and rural mothers were educated till high school (41.00% and 46.30% respectively), higher number of mothers in the rural area were illiterates (9.80% in urban v/s 22.1% in rural). Difference between the urban and rural mothers in the educational status, occupational status and socioeconomic status was statistically significant (p<0.001). Majority of the mothers in the urban area started complementary feeds before the age of 6 months (69.20%) whereas in the rural areas, mothers started complementary feeds at the age of 6 months (42.10%). Significant associations were found between the age of initiation of complementary feeds with educational status, type of family and place of delivery in rural area. Combinations of various foods were most commonly given as meals in urban area (38.00%), whereas in the rural area most common complementary food given as meals was cereal based food alone like porridge made of rice, ragi or wheat. Most common food given as snack in both urban as well as rural areas were biscuits (64.50% in urban and 51.58% in rural). Keywords: child health, feeding practices, educational status, urban and rural area

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PSCN-5

Influence of Household Food Security on Nutritional Status - A Study From the Coastal Belt of South Kanara

Archana Prabhat1 and Khyrunnisa Begum2

1Dept. of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, Alva’s college, University of Mangalore, Moodbidre 2Dept. of Studies in Food Science & Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore

Email: gnarchana@yahoo.com

Household food security is an important dimension of well-being of the family. Statistics about the household that are food secured is meagre in most regions, due to the complexity of the procedure, and its multi dimensional characters. To study the extent of food security at household level in selected areas in south west coast of India. 700 Households (from all socio economic status) were interviewed (350 each from karkala and Moodbidri taluks), adopting purposive sampling Demography information like, education and occupation was obtained from family head, using interview schedules. Weight, height, WHR and MUAC were recorded according to standard procedures and equipments. Household Food security module (self reporting) of United States Dept. of Agriculture was adopted. Majority had nuclear families with children between 1 and 2, Majority were Hindus. Annual income varied from < 60000 to>1,50,000 Rupees. 67- 74% followed non-vegetarian eating pattern. All the participants were literates; high percent in Moodbidre had only school education. Majority of women were home makers while men had daily wage jobs or business. The difference in all parameters, between the two regions were extremely significant (P<0.0001).BMI of the entire subject were normal, except for WHR and MUAC. karkala and moodbidri taluks showed an appreciable level of food security i.e., 64.57 and 73.71%, food insecurity was present in 35.42 and 28.28% of the households, of which food insecurity without hunger 30 and 22.28% and food insecurity with hunger in 5.42 and 4% respectively. In order to ensure food security, awareness of locally available, low cost nutritious food item, is an important area of intervention.

Key words: food security, households level, BMI level, low cost foods

PSCN-6

Correlations among Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Waist-to-Hip Ratio and Dietary intakes with Body Fat Percentage in Young Women from Pune City

Anuja Kinikar1 and Rama Kawade2

1Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, SNDT College of Home Science, Karve Road, Pune. 2Health Genesis, Pune.

Email: kinikaranuja@gmail.com

In the community-based studies, assessment of nutrition status is done using several anthropometric and dietary parameters which provide different estimates of nutritional problems. We examined the relationship among different indices of obesity such as Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), Body Fat Percentage (%BF), energy intake and percent energy from fat (%E-Fat). Anthropometric measurements and 24 hr diet recall were carried out on 153 college-going women from Pune. BF% was measured using Tanita digital body composition analyzer. Kappa statistic is used to measure agreement between two or more indices.

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Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (ROC) was used to identify the predictor of high %BF. Energy intake was more than RDI in 14% participants and high %E-Fat (>30%) was in 50.3%. Overweight/obesity prevalence according to BMI (>23), WC (>80cm), WHR (>0.8) and %BF (>30%) was 25.2%, 20.4%, 26.8% and 24.6%, respectively. %BF had substantial agreement with BMI (kappa=0.7) and WC (kappa=0.66), but poor agreement with WHC (kappa=0.24) and %E-fat (kappa=0.14), energy intake (kappa-0.044). Further ROC analysis showed that with %BF taken as the 'standard' for determining obesity, WC had largest area under the curve (.940) followed by BMI (.895) and WHR (0.709). Thus, our data indicated WC and BMI can be used to discriminate high %BF in young women.

Keywords: nutrition status, anthropometric, RDI,BMI

PSCN-7

Food Security in Bpl Families of Thrissur District of Kerala

Blossom.K.L , Indira.V and Suman K. T Dept. of Home Science, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University,

Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala. Email: blossomkj@gmail.com

Food security exists when all people at all times have physical and economic access to

sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess food consumption pattern and extent of food security of BPL families of Thrissur District of Kerala. Hundred families were selected from four wards of two Panchayats of the District. Food consumption pattern of the households indicated that all families consumed rice as their staple food and followed non vegetarian food habit. Only 41 per cent of the families planned their meals in advance and 94 per cent of the families followed three meal a day pattern. About 46 per cent of the families spent 25 to 55 per cent of their monthly income for purchase of different food items. Cereals, fats and oils, vegetables, sugar, spices and condiments were found to be the most frequently used food items among all families. Most of the families included fruits, egg, milk and milk products, green leafy vegetables occassionally in their diet. However, 38 to 49 per cent of families included fish two to three times in a week. Household food security measured using the modified version of USDA (2000) revealed that only 16 per cent of the selected families were food secure and rest suffered from different types of food insecurity. Food insecurity without hunger and with severe hunger was found more among the families with children.

Keywords: food security, food consumption pattern, household level PSCN-8

Impact of Dairying on Nutritional Status of Women in Chandragiri Mandal, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh

C. Manohar.1, S. Srinivasulu.2, P. Balahussain Reddy.3 and A.B. Srilatha.4

1234Acharya Ranga Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tirupati Email: srilathaamudala@gmail.com�

Nutritional status with respect to dairying of 50 SC and 50 FC families holding high yield hybrid cows of Chandragiri Mandal were studied for the present work. The household women of

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both the communities are engaged in dairying as part of their routine household activity to generate additional income for the family. They produced milk from the cows are utilized both for their home needs and for sale. It is observed on the whole that the FC women are managing well compared to their counterpart SC women. The dietary intakes of milk from their own sources are properly consumed by the FC women and their health status appears to be good in comparison with RDA(60%). The SC women neglected intake of milk as their daily dietary intakes are very low compared to RDA (38%) due to the reasons from the hindrance from the family, illiteracy and improper management. The present study reflects that the SC women cannot manage their family members because of several reasons like illiteracy, alcoholism, smoking and other bad practices. Even though the FC families also possess the same problems, these women could manage and overcome the problem and gain profits and have good comfortable life. The present study observes that the SC women are to be given repeated counseling to manage with the problems both at house hold and outside levels.

Keywords: nutritional status, milk, women, recommended dietary allowances.

PSCN-9

Nutritional Status, Physical Activity Among Rural Adolescent Girls and Energy Balance

A.B. Srilatha .1 A.B. Subhashini .2 P. Balahussain Reddy .3

13Acharya Ranga Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tirupati, 2Dept. of Anthropology, S.V. University, Tirupati Email: srilathaamudala@gmail.com

The present investigation is to assess the nutritional status of adolescent girls around 13 to 18 years age from 3 different mandals of Ramachandrapuram, Renigunta and Chandragiri, constituted the sample of the study. Total sample size is 200 derived in two age groups of 100 in each group. First is 13 to 15 years age girls and the second is 16 to 18 years age girls. Nutritional status assessed by both the groups compared with their BMI, MUAC’s compared with ICMR and NCHS standards, are low in 13 to 15 years group age. Dietary intakes are very low imbalanced in 13 to 15 years group, 16-18 years are better (60%) as compared to RDA. There is a significant difference between the energy intake and expenditure in both the age group of girls. There is a negative energy balance in both the age groups. Energy is needed for both the age groups for performing household and farm activities to safeguard their peak growth. There is a chronic energy deficiency observed in the present study. Hence, there is a need for suitable intervention and nutrition education and nutritional counseling to prevent under nutrition in future.

Keywords : nutritional status, body mass index, mid upper arm circumference, recommended dietary allowances PSCN-10

Small or Large Babies for Short Mothers: Can we have Universal Recommendation?

Tinku Thomas, Pratibha Dwarkanath, Anura V Kurpad

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka A direct association between maternal height and infant size is well documented. Shorter

mothers are more likely to deliver by cesarean section (CS) as compared to taller mothers. With

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increasing focus on improving the birthweight in a population with 20% of the mothers being below 150 cms, this study aimed to examine the relation between maternal height, birthweight and CS. Data from hospital based cohort in South India and from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) were analysed separately. NFHS rural data was considered for the current analysis. Ratio of birthweight to maternal height was considered as a combined index. Multivariate logistic regression of CS with quintiles of the ratio and quintiles of height provided adjusted odds ratio (AOR), while adjusting for known confounders such as education, parity and age of mother. Of all the live births in the cohort of 2000 pregnant women, 467 (33%) had CS. The AOR(95% Confidence Interval, 95% CI) of CS was 3.16 (2.12,4.68) for those mothers in the lowest quintile of height (height<150 cms) with reference to the highest quintile and AOR:1.75 ( 1.21, 2.53), for highest quintile of birthweight with reference to the 2nd quintile. Also the last quintile of the index had higher AOR:1.84 (1.29, 2.61). Similar effects were observed in the NFHS sample AOR:1.8(1.04,3.0). A 70 gms increase in average birthweight in such population could result in an increase of % infants born with birthweight>3500 gms by 10% which could then lead to a proportionate increase in CS deliveries.

Keywords: maternal height, birth weight, cesarean section

PSCN-11

Quality Evaluation of Cooking Oils Used by Street Vendors- A Public Health Concern

Aruna and A.SriTejaswi

Dept. of Home Science, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati-517502 Email: arunamesa@yahoo.com

The supermarkets now offer a bewildering array of cooking oils many of which lay claim to

being healthy. So where does the truth lie? Which oils should we choose? The widespread advice to consume mainly polyunsaturated fats, such as corn, soybean, sunflower, safflower and other vegetable oils, arose from the belief that the saturated fats and cholesterol cause heart disease. The modern lifestyle brought procedural changes in the food and cooking processing technologies. Since its invention and development, the use of junk foods and vendor foods increased constantly. Dietary fats received more attention from health professionals and the public than any other nutrient in the food supply. The present study objectives were to collect and analyse the reheated oils from street food vendors (Karnal street, bazaar street, Tk street, bandla street &balaji colony)of Tirpathi mandal. The two oils commonly used by street vendors are palm oil and sunflower oil. The chemical parameters of these oils were assessed Saturated fatty acid(SFA),Trans fatty acid(TFA),Free fatty acid value(FFA),peroxide value(PV) and compared.The results of the study revealed that deep fat frying contained more saturated fatty acid(12.6gm to14.014gms) with less unsaturated fatty acids. Even though, initially poly unsaturated fatty acid composition increased and then reduced as palm oil and sunflower oil were repeatedly heated. The mean trans fatty acid content significantly increased in reheated palm oil from 0.6gms/100gms (fresh oil) to 1.12gms/100gms(reheated oil)).Similar results in the TFA content in sunflower oil(<0.6 to 1.350gm/100gm) was observed. The other chemical parameters FFA(0.14 to1.22 in Palmoil; 0.28 to 1.29 in Sunflower oil) ,PV (6to 11 in palm oil;20 to 30.83 in sunflower oil)also showed significant increase in both the oils. Heating an oil changes its characteristics and this means that oils regarded as being healthy at room temperature can become unhealthy when

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heated above certain temperatures. The smoking point is the temperature at which a particular fat or oil starts to smoke and break down, creating acreolein, an obnoxious-smelling compound.

Keywords: street foods, palm & sunflower oils, SFA, TFA, FFA and PV

PSCN-12

Lactation Performance of Mothers of Premature Infants with Red Rice Intervention- A Case Study

Saritha Hegade, Yenagi NB and Sunanda Itagi

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka

Email: saritha.6819@gmail.com

The indigenous knowledge on the use of red rice in promoting lactation was validated with a case study. Red rice was introduced as an effective nutritionally adequate short term strategy for improving the micro nutrient status and to promote lactation. The subject aged 33 years old had delivered her second child which was female weighing 2 kg at birth. The delivery was normal but premature with a gestation period of 7 months, 20 days and perceived lactation problem from 15th day onwards. The subject was underweight with BMI of 19.5 and haemoglobin 9.68 gram percent with moderate anaemia. The weight of the infant showed grade II malnutrition as per the Gomez classification. With the intervention of 200g of red rice replacing the normally consumed parboiled rice for 15 days in the form of ganjee significant changes in the nutritional and physiological status of the mothers and their infants was observed. The subject perceived initiation of improved lactation at the end of the first day of intervention with gradual increase from day after day. Changes in frequency of urination and stools and volume was observed. Urine volume increased and stool consistency gradually changed from loose watery stools to soft bulky stools. The quantity of milk intake per feed increased from 20 g to 75 g on the 15th day. With increased milk intake, there was a sudden spurt of increase in weight from 20 g to 66 g at the end of the 5th day, to 56g during the next 5 days and 42 g by the end of the intervention. The infant gained 820g at the end of 15 days of intervention. The subject perceived good lactation and was fully satisfactory with milk sufficiency and intake of the child.

Keywords: red rice, improving micronutrient status, gomez classification, premature infants

PSCN-13

Consumption of Fast Foods in Employees Working in Call Centers in Visakhapatnam and Calorie and Cost Analysis

R. Rekha, K. Suma Nandini and T.Sashikala

Dept. of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-3 Email: rekhareddyr@yahoo.co.in

Employees working in the call centers spend about one-quarter of all their time at work.

Worksites often provide easy access to unhealthy foods in vending machines and limited access to healthier options, such as fruits and vegetables. Work environments can also increase the risk of obesity arising from job stress and work-related fatigue, which are linked to poor diets and reduced physical activity. Time at work also plays a role: Shift workers and employees working

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longer-than-usual hours every week, have a high risk of obesity.Consumption of meals eaten away from home, especially from fast-food restaurants, located in and around in call centers has increased in the Visakhapatnam city since the 2010s. The main objective of this study was to assess money spent and calories consumed by employees from fast food restaurants located on and around a call center centrally located in Visakhapatnam city. A convenience sample (n = 152) of employees (male and female) working in call center (aged 21 - 28) at Visakhapatnam city participated in a survey that measured dietary intake from seven local fast food chains using a researcher developed food frequency questionnaire and a lifestyle behavior survey that collected data on health practices. A strong positive correlation was found between total monthly fast food expense and total monthly fast food caloric consumption (r(150) = 0.97, p < 0.05), indicating a significant linear relationship between the two variables. An independent-samples t test comparing the mean monthly fast food restaurant expense males to females found a significant difference between the two groups (t(150) = 4.25, p < 0.05). The mean males monthly fast food restaurant expense was significantly higher Rs. 1599.16 ± 1487.68 compared to females Rs. 1278.18 ± 1157.56. The mean monthly caloric intake for males was significantly higher 15787.72 ± 14272.58 compared to females 7053.89 ± 6256.58.The more money spent by call center employees contributed to a higher amount of calories consumed from fast food in a typical month which is prone to high risk of obesity

Keywords: fast foods, call centers, calories, female employees

PSCN-14

Impact of Nutrition Education on Management of Hypertension

Shilpa Guddad, Usha Malagi, Kasturiba B and Ishwar Hasabi Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005

Email: ushmalagi10@gmail.com

An investigation was undertaken with an objective to develop nutrition education material and assess its impact on management of hypertension. About 45 hypertensive subjects were selected from out patient Dept. of Spandana hospital and from various Mahila mandals of Dharwad city. The blood pressure and lipid profile of the hypertensives were assessed by using standard procedure. An educational material (booklet) on management of hypertension was developed both in English and Kannada consisting of different lesson plans related to hypertension and its management. The education intervention was carried out for a period of 90 days. The interventions were given in the form of i) booklet alone ii) booklet with education and iii) with no intervention for control group with 15 subjects in each group. Nutrition education brought about improvement in knowledge (+43.52%), dietary habits and blood pressure (from 152/86 to 146/82 mm Hg) of hypertensive subjects. These changes were more prominent in intervention group II compared to intervention group I. It can be concluded that nutrition education to hypertensives in the form of booklet and education in a phase wise manner has a significant impact in the management of hypertension.

Keywords: hypertension, nutrition education, dietary habits

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PSCN-15 Midday Meal Programme - A Study in Tirupati Rural

N. Rajani and M.Niharika

Dept. of. Home Science, Sri Padmavati Mahila University, Tirupati. E-mail:rajani.nallanagula@gmail.com

Malnutrition is a major problem among school children in India. Main reasons for

malnutrition are household food storage, a poor variety in the daily diet, lack of safe drinking water, poor hygiene, poverty and poor health facilities. In modern India, the problems of chronic hunger and malnutrition persist on a mass scale. According to UNICEF’S progress for children 2007, the proportion of underweight children, an indicator of malnutrition was 42 percent in India. The FAO report on State of Food Insecurity in the world 2006 confirms that no county in the world comes close to India interms of the absolute number of people living in chronic hunger. The effects of malnutrition on school children are serious- due to lack of proper meals, children faint during lessons, children cannot concentrate well and their learning progress is slow. Realizing the immense need, various schemes were implemented in the primary education sector by the Government to reach the disadvantaged population. The midday meal programme is one of the most important ongoing feeding programme, not only to improve the status of school children, but also to attract poor children to school. The idea is simple, the impact is significant because hunger is a barrier to learning. Midday meal effectively alleviates classroom hunger and persuades poor families to send their children to school. The programme has reduced dropout rate, shown improvement in retention, learning ability and achievement and lowered the wide spread incidence of malnutrition primarily among children of poor families. The present study reveals the perceptions of children, teachers and parents on the effectiveness of midday meal programme.

Keywords: malnutrition, mid day meal, rural school children

PSCN-16

Impact of Millet and Value Addition Programme on Knowledge Level of Rural High School Children, Karnataka

Nirmala B. Yenagi, Shalmali Naik, Josna B and Sumalata Byadgi

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka

Email:uasd.idrc2011@gmail.com

Millets are the major staple food grains of the farming community, as they provide both food and nutrition security. However processing and value addition to major cereals such as wheat and rice have changed the dietary pattern of the people. But millets are re- gaining nutritional importance in urban community as therapeutic foods in the management of metabolic disorders. The present study is an attempt to create nutrition awareness for younger generation to accept millets as nutritious and easily accessible staple food at low price for better nutritional status. Nutrition awareness programme on millets was given to 410 high school children of age 13-15yrs from three villages of millet growing district of Haveri. One hundred and fifty one children were assessed for their initial and post knowledge. Nutrition awareness programme was conducted in ten sessions through lectures, charts, blow-ups, live models and demonstration of millet recipes. Millet snacks were also distributed during sessions for taste and acceptability. Millet book was given to children at the end of awareness programme and after three months post nutrition

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knowledge was assessed. Initial knowledge level of girls and boys was 39.25 and 36.38% respectively. Millet Nutrition awareness programme had a positive impact on the knowledge of children and the post knowledge was 47.65 and 44.13% in children girls and boys respectively. Nutritional knowledge among school children significantly increased( t value-8.39**) at the end of awareness programme. Most of the children revealed that they have not at all tasted millet, even though they are growing. Children are interested to have millet snacks and health drinks in school feeding programmes. Such nutrition awareness programmes should be organized regularly in schools for promotion of nutritious millets in the daily diet for better nutrition and health.

Keywords: Nutrition security, therapeutic food, millets.

PSCN-17

Milk an Important Ingredient of Food Security and Nutritional Challenges Provider

Mini Tudu*, Kumari Arpana, Priti Kumari, Faruque Ali, Pramila Prasad,

Abha Rani Nigam, Dept. of H.Sc (Food & Nutrition), T.M.B.U, Bhagalpur.

Email: minitudubgp007@gmail.com

Milk is a complete food. It is called Amrit in the epics. It is being used since time immemorial. However, present day milk is not danger free .The rampant use of oxytocine in milch animals, causes early precocious maturity puberty specially among the girls and increased feminine behaviour in boys. Indians are facing with acute food insecurity associated with nutritional deficiency. With the increase in population, India has achieved commendable progress in food grain production and is self sufficient in food. But poor storage and transportation capability aggravates the food insecurity resulting in nutritional deficiency which seems to be a formidable challenge on the national perspective.

Hence, milk remains one of the important ingredients to meet food insecurity and nutritional deficiency. In the present study involving 462 girls of Bhagalpur whose menarche and date of birth exactly known, were studied in correlation with milk consumption. Approximately 50% of the girls consuming milk attained puberty in the early age group i.e. 8-11 yrs, which is a sizable percentage and it corresponds to report of declining puberty age among the girls globally. This could be because of contaminated milk with oxytocine, pro puberty hormone which is being indiscriminately used in milch animal. Further study is needed in this regard.

Keywords: milk, food security, nutritional challenge, nutritional deficiency

PSCN-18

Maternal Food Security & Weight Of New Borns Formidable National Challenge

Kumari Arpana*,Mini Tudu, F.Ali & R.R.Jaiswal P.G. Dept. of Home Science Food & Nutrition T.M.Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, Bihar-812007.

E-mail: arp_n22006@yahoo.co.in

A healthy and nutritious diet during pregnancy is essential for pregnant women and her growing fetus. Mother’s eating habits directly affect the health and well-being of the developing fetus. Precautions for certain foods must be taken, as well as ensuring inclusion of recommended

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allowances of certain nutrients in their diet. The present study is an approach to find out the relationship between regular fast food inmaternal diet and its effect on their infant weight. Mothers should take additional diet in pregnancy because their physical demands increase in this period. And it should be well secured. In this study, the physical characteristics of pregnant women and their new born in maternity wards of Bhagalpur Sadar hospital and dwelling in various locality of Bhagalpur town were taken into account. Above 58% of the infants born with low birth weight because, their mothers did not take additional diet for their wombs demand. They had taken packed food made from fine wheat flour and soda powder. The food made from fine wheat flour and soda powder are not easily digestible and create many complications. Infant born to pregnant mothers, not taking balanced diet, had with LBW [low birth weight]. Infant born to the mothers taking little quantity of fast food or packed food with balanced diet, had above 2.5 kg weight. The present observation needs further elucidation as the study was based on only 504 pregnant mothers and their new born correlated with fast food habit of mothers. Thus, maternal food & nutritional security achievement of pregnant mother seems to be a formidable challenge, in getting high birth weight of new born.

Keywords: pregnant women, recommended allowances, packed food

PSCN-19

Prevalence of Hypertension among Selected Rural and Urban Population in Coimbatore District

A.Swarnalatha, and Amirthaveni

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

Email : swarna.latha041@gmail.com

Hypertension is directly responsible for 57% of all stroke deaths and 24% of all coronary heart disease deaths in India. Recent reports showed that borderline hypertension (systolic BP 130-139 and/or diastolic BP 85-89 mmHg) and Stage I hypertension carry a significant cardiovascular risk and there is a need to reduce this blood pressure. Socio demographic profiles and life style pattern play a important role in onset of hypertension. Hence the study was carried out with the objectives to find out the prevalence of hypertensives and the associated risk factors among selected rural and urban population. About 700 men and women between 35years to 60years from rural and urban areas were included for the study. Well structured questionnaire was distributed to them to study their demographic profiles, socio economic status, life style pattern and dietary habits. Anthropometric measurements namely height, weight, waist, hip measurements were measured. Three measurements of blood pressure were taken with the gap of five minutes and average was taken as the individual’s blood pressure. Prevalence of hypertension was observed in 26 per cent of rural women and 41 per cent of urban women and among them 20 per cent of rural women and 32 per cent of urban women were aware about their blood pressure. All the hypertensives had sedentary life style and higher BMI. Tobacco chewing, alcohol consumption, low vegetables and fruits intake were observed among the hypertensives. The study revealed the strong correlation between the life style and dietary habits with hyper tension. Hence effective dietary and lifestyle intervention strategies are in an emerging need to avoid our country from heading towards hypertensive capital.

Keywords : hypertension, cardiovascular risk, socio demographic profiles, anthropometric measurements.

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PSCN-20 The Mother-Infant Successful Breastfeeding Dyad

Padmini Balagopal

Self-Employed Lactation Consultant

Breastfeeding is the best start an infant can get and it is incumbent upon society to make sure that the new mother is given the support that she needs to enable her to breastfeed her baby. As more and more births are taking place in a hospital setting, every Hospital that has a maternity section must ensure that the mother is provided with a facilitating environment. Some of the features for such an environment include rooming-in facilities after parturition, available qualified and competent counseling and help to solve issues and problems with latching etc during the initiation of breastfeeding, encouraging putting the baby to breast immediately after birth and definitely within the first hour, encouraging mother-baby bonding and enabling unlimited breastfeeding instead of ‘token’ breastfeeding. The new mother must also be made aware of how to look for signs that her baby is receiving adequate feeds from her.

This poster outlines the ways to ensure breast feeding successfully after childbirth and enlists the environmental supports as well as deterrents to the process of breastfeeding

Keywords: unlimited/ token breastfeeding qualified and competent counseling, environmental supports and deterrents

PSCN-21

Study of Dietary Habits and Lifestyle Factors on Hypertensive Subjects

Shilpa Guddad, Usha Malagi and Kasturiba B Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural

Sciences, Dharwad 580 005. Email : guddadshilpa@gmail.com

The present investigation was undertaken to know the dietary intake and lifestyle factors of

100 hypertensive subjects. Dietary intake and lifestyle factors were assessed using a pretested structured questionnaire. Blood pressure was assessed using sphygmomanometer. The onset of hypertension was maximum in subjects above 46 yrs of age and more than half the subjects had no family history of hypertension. About 45 per cent of subjects had one or the other complication related to hypertension viz., diabetes, renal problems or heart diseases. Nearly half the subjects followed food restrictions in the diet (46.00%) and one fifth of the subjects (20.00%) avoided foods for the management of hypertension. Among the vices prevalent, only males were found to smoke (2.20%), drink alcohol (8.90%) and had tobacco chewing habit (8.90%). Exercise in the form of walking was practiced by 63 per cent and yoga by 18 per cent of subjects. Majority of subjects belonged to mild hypertension category (61.00%) followed by pre hypertension (12.00%), moderate (22.00%) and five per cent had severe hypertension. Majority of subjects had low knowledge level regarding the disorder. Hence, there is a need to create awareness and impart nutrition education to these subjects to manage hypertension.

Keywords: dietary habits, life style, hypertension, blood presuure.

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PSCN-22

Incidence of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis among Selected Women in Coimbatore District

D. Radhapriya*, and U.K.Lakshmi

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women University, Coimbatore – 641 043

E.Mail : radhapriya777@yahoo.com

Calcium is an essential component in bone health and it is the edifice blocks for building strong and healthy bones. The osteoporosis landscape in India and many research lighted up the hard fact that over 61 million Indians have osteoporosis and 80% are women among them. It affects many more women than heart attacks, strokes and breast cancer together, osteoporosis kills by its complications. Hence the present study was carried out to find out the incidence of osteopenia and osteoporosis and their relation with age, diet and other factors in women of different ages. A total of 200 females in the age of 25 – 65 years were selected randomly. A general health checkup and BMD detection camp was conducted in the selected areas of Coimbatore. A pre-evaluated questionnaire was used to collect the socio economic, life style pattern, dietary and other details. The health status, anthropometric, clinical assessments etc were evaluated. The heel bone mineral densitometry was performed and with the help of the broadband readings the T- scores were obtained, recorded and analysed. The study report reflects that there was a decreased BMD of 58 % in age < 30 years, 49 % in 31 – 45 years and 72 % > 45 years and there is a 100% incidence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in women > 55 years. Lack of exercise and low dietary calcium were significantly associated with low BMD. Dietary calcium, lifestyle modification, weight bearing exercises have been shown to give a positive effect to promote bone health. Hence, healthy dietary habits, calcium supplementation, regular physical exercise are the protective factors to improve bone health and steps to address this problem at younger age will help in preventing the complications in later life.

Keywords: calcium, osteopenia, osteoporosis, bone mineral density

PSCN-23

Nutritional Status and Dietary Pattern of Iranians Residing in Mysore

Prabhavathi S.N. Abdol Hossein Azimi and Jamuna Prakash Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore - 570 006

E-mail:pprabhavathisn@gmail.com

Nutritional status of individuals can be obtained by measuring the physical growth, determining dietary intake, and observing the signs and symptoms of various nutrient deficiencies. The objective, of the investigation was to assess the nutritional status and dietary pattern of Iranian’s residing in Mysore. The investigation was conducted on a total of 324 (199- males, 124-females) subjects who were in the age group of 20-40yrs. Data were collected on somatic status and dietary intake by standard techniques. BMI was computed from weight and height data. The percentage of women belonging to CED, normal, overwiehgt, and obese grade I categories was 9, 61, 17 and 3. Among males it was 5, 42, 41, and 5 respectively. The prevalence of CED was not seen among the male subjects. Results of waist: hip ratio (WHR) showed that 63% of females had WHR greater than 0.8 and 32% of males had greater than 0.9. The percentage classification of

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MUAC showed that 61% of females and 65% males had >90% of the standard. Food frequency data revealed that both the groups had high consumption of cereal and meat products. The diets were extremely high in protein, fat, and energy. High fat intake contributed to maximum calorie consumption. Protein calorie adequacy of diets revealed inadequacy of both in 18% of females and 13% of males. Intake of calories from CHO sources was found to be highest among both the groups. A reduction in fat intake of the selected sample and an increase in intake of fruits and vegetables are recommended.

Keywords: nutritional status, dietary pattern, CED, WHR and MUAC

PSCN-24

Nutritional Adequacy Of Diets Of Primary School Children In North Karnataka

Sumathi Swaminathan1, Kiruba Sankar KV2, Krishnamurthy Jayanna3, Anura V Kurpad1, 1 Division of Nutrition, 2 Division of Epidemiology, St John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India,

3Karnataka Health Promotion Trust, Bangalore Email: sumathi@sjri.res.in.

There is a dearth of data on the nutritional intakes of rural primary school children in India.

Assessing their daily intakes will aid in estimating the nutritional adequacy of their diets as well as provide information on the public health measures required. Children (n=485, boys=240, girls=245) studying in 8 government schools (2 urban and 6 rural schools) provided with mid-day meals in the districts of Bellary and Gulbarga from 7 to 12 years of age were recruited. Dietary intakes were assessed using 24 hour recalls collected over three days, including one week-end. About 70 % of energy consumed was contributed by carbohydrates with a protein-energy (PE) ratio of 0.11± 0.02, a PE ratio adjusted for Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino-Acid Score (PDCAAS) of 0.09 ± 0.02 and a lysine score of 0.97± 0.05. The risk of energy and protein intake deficiencies defined based on estimated average requirement was 60.7% for energy and 14.4% for protein, while that based on recommended dietary allowances were 89.5% for iron, 94% for iodine, 36.1% for folate, 27.4% for vitamin B12 and 95.7% for vitamin A. Although the diets were predominatly vegetarian, over 96% of children reported the consumption of milk and milk products. For 227 children for whom data on weights and heights were available, 61.7% were of normal weight status while 37.0% were underweight and 1.3 % were overweight. Problems of inadequate energy and micronutrient intakes still need to be addressed in this population of children.

Keywords: nutritional adequacy, primary school children, midday meals, dietary intake assesses PSCN-25

Prevalence of Hypertension among Selected Rural and Urban Population in Coimbatore District

A. Swarnalatha and Dr.Amirthaveni

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore

Email: swarna.latha041@gmail.com

Hypertension is directly responsible for 57% of all stroke deaths and 24% of all coronary heart disease deaths in India. Recent reports showed that borderline hypertension (systolic BP

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130-139 and/or diastolic BP 85-89 mmHg) and Stage I hypertension carry a significant cardiovascular risk and there is a need to reduce this blood pressure. Socio demographic profiles and life style pattern play as important role in the onset of hypertension. Hence the study was carried out with the objectives to find out the prevalence of hypertensives among selected rural and urban population and the associated risk factors among them. About 100 men and women between 35yrs to 60yrs from rural and urban areas were included in the study. Well structured questionnaire was distributed to them, to study their demographic profiles, socio economic status, life style pattern and dietary habits. Anthropometric measurements namely height, weight, BMI and waist to hip ratio were measured. Three measurements of blood pressure were taken with the gap of five minutes and average was taken as the individual’s blood pressure. Prevalence of hypertension was observed in 26 per cent of rural women and 41 per cent of urban women and among them, 20 per cent of rural women and 32 per cent of urban women were aware about their blood pressure. All the hypertensives had sedentary life style and higher BMI. Tobacco chewing, alcohol consumption, low vegetables and fruits intake were observed among the hypertensives. The study revealed the strong correlation between the life style and dietary habits with hyper tension. Hence, effective dietary and lifestyle intervention strategies are an emerging need, to avoid our country from heading towards hypertensive capital.

Keywords: hypertension, cardiovascular risk, anthropometric measurements, effective dietary

PSCN-26

Prevalence of Anaemia among the Self Help Group Women

T. Padmapriya 1 and U. K. Lakshmi2 Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and

Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore Email : padmapriyaselvakumar@gmail.com

Among the Micronutrient deficiencies, iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most serious

public health problem. Estimates of IDA in women and children have varied from 50-70%. It is now essential to find out the impact of anaemia in order to sensitize the people to the causes and consequences. Fifty Self Help Group women were purposively selected. From Each Group five women members were randomly selected. Thus a number of 250 members formed the sample for the study. Anthropometric measurements were used to assess their general nutritional status. Clinical assessment was done for all the selected women by a medical practitioner for the signs of Iron deficiency disease using a schedule formulated and the level of haemoglobin was measured to determine the prevalence of anaemia. It was found out that 42 per cent of women had levels below 10g/dl and 34 per cent had levels ranging between 10 and 11.9 g/dl. Twenty four per cent of women had normal levels. Mild and moderate anaemia found among women might be due to the poor intake of iron rich foods. All the foods consumed by the Self Help Group women were found to be deficient in micronutrients, when compared against the Balanced diets suggested by ICMR (1984). The deficiency in the intake of Roots and Tubers, Leafy vegetables, Fruits and other vegetables was found to be above 50 per cent. Efforts in educating the women will definitely improve the health and nutritional profile of the women.

Keywords: prevalence of IDA, SHG women, anthropometric, clinical assessment, iron rich foods.

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PSCN-27

Nutritional Status of Traditional and Non-Traditional Female Athletes in Manipur

Thongam Chanu Anel and Sylvia Subapriya. M Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for

Women, Coimbatore-43. Email: neluma246@gmail.com, sylviadevaprasad@yahoo.com

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) and micro nutrient deficiencies such as those of calcium and iron are rampant among athletes, particularly among women and there is a dearth for data on Manipuri athletes. Hence this study was undertaken to compare socio economic and nutritional status, assess their physical performance, energy intake, expenditure, and fluid intake. Hundred female athletes (15-29 years) were chosen from Imphal district of Manipur, 50 each from traditional (Thang Ta) and non - traditional (Taekwondo) sports. Clinical examination, assessment of anthropometric parameters and indices, estimation of blood haemoglobin and 24 hour food recall were performed on all of them. Sports performance was assessed using appropriate assessment methods. Taekwondo athletes were significantly shorter and heavier than their Thang Ta counterparts. All of them were in negative energy balance. All the athletes consumed inadequate fluid intake compared to RDA. All foods and nutrients were consumed at levels less than RDA, except among Taekwondo athletes for fleshy foods (23.3%) and protein (5.46%). Taekwondo athletes were very good in push-ups and fair in vertical jump test compared to Thang Ta athletes. There is an urgent need to conduct an intense study on nutritional status of traditional as well as nontraditional athletes, in order to plan corrective programmes.

Keywords: chronic energy deficiency, micronutrient, anthropometric.

PSCN-28

Evaluation of Storage Practices of Tamarind in Households of Rural and Urban Dharwad

Takhellambam Ranjita Devi1, Pushpa Bharati1 and Suma Hasalkar2 1Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, 2Dept. of Family Resource Management,

University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka Email: ranjitadv5@gmail.com

Tamarind being an important tree of India, the pods are harvested at the end of winter and needs to be preserved for use throughout the year. In India, the pulp with or without seeds and fibers, is mixed with salt (10%), pounded into blocks and preserved for future use. The objectives of the present study were therefore, to document the storage practices of tamarind at household level. The survey was conducted in rural and urban areas of Dharwad. A questionnaire was developed and data was collected from 60 women (30 each from rural and urban Dharwad) by personal interview method. Among rural and urban respondents, 10 and 16 per cent of them possessed tamarind tree in their garden or backyard and remaining 90 and 84 per cent of them purchased the spice. Equal per cent of rural respondents purchased tamarind annually and monthly (48.00% each) whereas among the urban respondents, 52 per cent of them purchased annually. Polythene pouches were common storage containers in rural while plastic boxes as well as earthen pots were used in urban household for storage of tamarind. Forty and 33 per cent of rural and urban household stored tamarind for a period of 6 to 12 months in which insect

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infestation (30.00 and 23.00% respectively) and darkening (57.00 and 80.00% respectively) were common changes observed by rural and urban households. The increase in miosture on storage cannot be ruled out.

Keywords: tamarind, spice, polythene pouches

PSCN-29

Nutritional Scenario of Fast Food among Women in Bhagalpur Town, Bihar

Geeta Kumari1 , Mamta Kumari 2 , Pramila Prasad 3 Dept. of Home Science-Food & Nutrition, Tilkamanjhi Bhagalpur University Bhagalpur

Email: geeta.kumari2512@yahoo.com

Eating sufficient number of calorie is not enough but to take nutritional food that guarantee health growth and development in personal life. Inclination of women towards fast food has largely affected the nutritional scenario of household. A research has been conducted to determine fast food preferences among 500 women in Bhagalpur Town of Bihar. Research was based on questionnaire which included women of different age, caste, educational qualification, income group and occupation, etc.Result shows through bar and pie charts to get the overall impact of different parameters. Fast food consumption was high in women of higher educational qualification, younger age group and higher income level. A new dimension to fast food consumption has emerged in women these days because lack of time for cooking. Results also show that consumption of sodium chloride was higher due to consumption of fast food. Result also shows that salt intake was higher among women. Salt was the main source of dietary sodium which increases B.P, hardening artery and largely contribute to heart disease. Suggestion were made that instead of going outside for fast food we can prepare them in house with healthy options like we can make pizza at home and add half wheat flour to boost fibre and whole grain nutrients . We can even add flaxseed for healthy omega 3s. We can even make biscuit at home with more wheat flour and less oil in oven make. Instead of fried chicken, we can make oven baked chicken. Following them, we can avoid the ill effects of fast foods on health and satisfy our need, taste and fondness at the same time.

Keywords : nutritional scenario of household, fast food centers. PSCN-30

Impact of Nutrition Education in Awareness Creation about the Significance of Omega 3 Fatty Acids in Health among Urban Women

Sneha Shet1 , Bharati V Chimmad2 and Shobha Nagnur3

Dept. of Food, Science and Nutrition, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural, Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka Email: snehasshet@gmail.com

Nutrition education is an essential component to improve the nutritional status of a

population and is crucial for the well being of people in general. A study was conducted in 2009-10 to create awareness among the rural women about the significance of omega 3 fatty acids in health through nutrition education. A total of 103 urban women in the age range of 20 to 70 years were selected randomly from five different locations of Dharwad city. Nutrition education materials

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depicting the significance of omega 3 fatty acids were developed in English and Kannada language, about significance of omega 3 food sources, ways of enriching the diets with indigenous food sources of omega 3 fatty acids. The mode of education included lectures, interactive discussions, expert counseling, demonstration and exhibition of omega 3 enriched foods. The nutrition education was conducted in two sessions with an interval of 15 days. The results indicated a significant positive impact interms of gain in knowledge of the respondents. The knowledge scores increased from a basal score of 2.11+ 1.16 to 15.70+3.81 with a gain in score of 13.59+2.65 and a quantum of improvement of 7.44 times for the maximum score of 44. Awareness about health benefits of omega 3 fatty acids increased from 5.82 to 100 per cent respondents after nutrition education. Educational intervention resulted in a change in diet pattern of beneficiaries. Among the four omega 3 enriched foods demonstrated chapathi was the most acceptable (67.98%) followed by flaxseed chutney powder (60.19%), multigrain chutney powder (45.63%) and laddu (20.38%).

Keywords: nutrition education, rural women, omega 3 food sources, karnataka

PSCN-31

Life Style Modification and Diabetes

Prathiba.V1, Kusuma DL2 Dept. of Home Science, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati

Email: Prathibareddy9@yahoo.com

Diabetes is a chronic disease with severe late complications and high mortality. Worldwide, the prevalance of diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate. It is rapidly emerging as a global health problem. Urbanisation, sedentary life, obesity and undesirable food habits are the major contributing factors. The food consumption in quantity and in quality directly affects blood glucose levels and body weight. As BMI increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes increases. The prevalence is 3-7 times higher in obese than in normal weight adults. Studies indicate that the life style modification in the form of diet and regular moderate exercise with an emphasis on behaviour modification and weight reduction have been effective in lowering the blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in pre diabetes and diabetic patients. A research based lifestyle modification curriculum of the Diabetes Prevention Programme(DPP) was translated into a community based programme delivered by trained graduate students on a university campus to determine whether this delivery approach is effective in lowering risk factors of type 2 diabetes in at-risk adults (Oksana et al. 2009). The findings revealed that 27% of participants on diabetes medication had their drug discontinued. DPP curriculum implemented in a nonclinical setting can help some adults at risk for or in early stages of diabetes improve anthropometric and certain metabolic outcomes. The Finnish National Diabetes Prevention Programme(FIN-D2D) was the first of its kind to implement the prevention of diabetes in a primary health care setting (Timo Saaristo et al., 2010). The objective of the programme was to investigate 1-year outcomes of a DPP. Moderate weight loss in this very high risk group was especially effective in reducing risk of diabetes among those participating in the programme. The benefits of life style modifiication settings are well established. Yet the translation of research based intervention in to clinical and community based practice is limited. There is a need for diabetes education interventions to be designed to focus on the initiation and maintenance of healthy eating behaviour change.

Keywords: type 2 diabetes, lifestyle modification, diabetes prevention programme (DPP)

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PSCN-32

Nutritional Status of School Going Adolescent Girls: A Study in Kurnool District

Sreedevi. V1 , K.Latha 2 and S.Pravallika3 Dept. of Home Science, S.V. University, Tirupati.

The aim of the present study is to understand the nutritional status of school going

adolescent girls by anthropometric measurements and through BMI grades. The random selected consists of 120 adolescent girls who were in the age range of 13- 15 years. Sixty from each private, government schools. A structured interview schedule was used to collect the data on nutritional status, physical anthropometric and dietary intake.

The data thus collected were scored, means and SDs were calculated and t-test was also employed to draw conclusion. The results indicate that, there is no significant difference in mean heights and weights .Values of BMI indicates that all adolescents in the selected sample were normal. Vitamin B, E, and C deficiencies were also observed.

Keywords: adolescent girls, nutritional status, anthropometric and bmi

PSCN-33

Food Security for Rural Poor Women

Sunitha. P1 and V.Sreedevi2 Dept. of Home Science (Extension Management and Communication Technology),

S.V. University, Tirupati.

An attempt is being made here to find out the best suitable way for disaster management and more importantly the rural poverty in order to have multidimensional corrective impact on the factors responsible for rural poverty leading to low productivity, low-income, low infrastructure development, malnutrition and starvation, higher dependency ratio and rural urban migration .The alternative arrangement suggested here is also timely in view of ongoing poverty Alleviation and food security programmes not able to deliver to the desired extent due to errant contents and delivery mechanism

Keywords: Food security, Rural poor women

PSCN-34

Concept of Women’s Reproductive Health and Food Security

Tirumala. K1 and R.K. Anuradha2

Dept of Home Science, S.V.U. College of Sciences, Tirupati.

WHO’s definition of health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, reproductive health, or sexual health hygiene addresses the reproductive process, function and system at all stages of life. A more couple understanding of the strength and significance of relationship between women reproductive health and household food security is necessary to optimally develop policies that improve the quality of life of women and their families. The four dimensions of food security-food availability, food

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utilization, food accessibility and stability-were discussed. Food Security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (WFS, 1996). Food security and child nutrition will continue to deteriorate dramatically in the future unless special action is taken to avoid it (Oniango, 2005).The strategies of reproductive health is One-third of females in India are under 15 years of age and 50% are of reproductive age. Every 2 seconds a child is born in India. India accounts for 20% of the world’s births and 25% of the world's child deaths,1 in 13 children dies before the age of 5; a child born in India is 10 times less likely to live past 28 days than one born in the U.S.; avoidable complications during pregnancy and childbirth kill approximately 67,000 Indian women annually,42.5% of children under 5 are underweight; 20% of the total population is undernourished. Most women and men do not have access to contraceptives.

Keywords: reproductive health, food security

PSCN-35

Adoption of Kitchen Gardens for Food Security to Meet Nutritional Problems of Rural People

Anuradha C. Ghuikhedkar

Dept. of Home Science, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati, University, Amravati Email : anu_desh3@rediffmail.com

Kitchen garden plays an important role for rural families to provide diversified vegetables in

their daily diet. Most of the families having kitchen garden of different sizes are interested to improve the practice. But farmers and rural women are facing different constraints while adopting the improved techniques. Therefore present study was undertaken with the objective to study adoption of improved techniques of kitchen gardening faced by the villagers. Study was conducted in Chandur Railway block of Amravati District, Maharashtra. Four villages were selected from this block.The families of each village were selected by Simple Random Techniques. In this way 30 families from each village were selected, consisting the total sample of 120 respondents (one for each family). The data were collected from each respondent through personal interview method with the help of structured schedule.

The quantity of vegetable produced per capita in India is much lower than what is recommended by the dieticians. In India per capita availability is around 135 g against the minimum requirement of about 300 g for a balance diet. It is now well conceived that by simply adding greens and other vegetables to the available food grains, the diet of the average Indians can substantially be upgraded. To make this recommendation realistic, adoption of kitchen garden is the best option which can supply required vegetables in daily diet to the rural families. In spite of the above fact still kitchen gardening is not a very successful venture in most of the families. The predominant reasons for the poor adoption may be due to lack of technical know-how, lack of awareness and knowledge regarding factors such as seed, water, protection measures, storage, processing and so on. Considering the significance of constrains, it was felt necessary to find out the major barricades which hinder the adoption of recommended kitchen gardening in the study area

Keywords: promotion, kitchen gardens, food security, nutritional problems, rural women

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PSCN - 36

Diet, Growth Pattern of Girls in Deprived and Disadvantaged Communities

Nagamani. G and D. Baby Dept. of Home Science, S.V. University, Tirupati

Email: nagamanig2012arsha@gmail.com

Growth is a vital property of all living beings. Poverty, ignorance, in sufficient food and frequent child hood infections due to unhygienic living conditions hamper the growth of children, living in their disadvantaged situations. Dietary inadequacy is more common among adolescent girls than in any other segment of the population. A group of 1035 girls aged between 10 to 18 years, were selected by adopting multistage sampling technique. The sample of rural urban girls were classified in to four groups as urban elite(UE),Rural forward caste(RFC),Rural scheduled Caste(RSC)and Urban slum(USL).Urban elite acted as control.

Heights, Weights were measured by standard techniques The diet survey was done for 3days by 24hours recall method and one day weighmentmethod. Findings indicate that all the groups of girls significantly low in their Heights and Weights and they were not able to reach to the extent of ICMR and NCHS standards. The rural scheduled caste (RSC) and urban slum (USL) girls were worst affected and poor body composition, poor dietary intakes were observed than in their counterparts..The above finding indicate that the dietary inadequacy is the primary cause of growth retardation

Keywords: growth pattern, deprived and disadvantaged communities, anthropometric and dietary intake

PSCN-37

Impact of Parental Education on the Prevalence of Obesity and Hypertension among the Adolescent School Children

Sudhakar.G1, RK. Anuradha1, R. Hemalatha1, P. Geetha2 and KK Reddy2 1Dept. of Home Science, 2Dept. of Anthropology Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati

Worldwide, overweight/obesity and hypertension trends are causing serious public health

concerns and in many countries threatening the viability of basic health care delivery. The prevalence rates of overweight, obesity and hypertension are increasing among the adolescent school going childrens across the cultures.To test this hypothesis, an attempt has been made in the present study to assess the effect of parental education and occupation on adolescent school children’s obesity and hypertension. A cross sectional study was designed and the data was drawn from 2258 school children aged 12 to16 years from Tirupati Revenue division of Chittor District. Information on individuals demographics, parental education and occupation were assessed through personal interviews. Data on anthropometric measurements like height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and pulse rate were assessed .The subjects were classified into underweight, obesity and hypertension based on 85th & 95th percentiles of the reference data. Overall 27% of the subjects were classified as overweight/obese. The prevalence of hypertension was 10.2% in males and 9.2% in females. The prevalence of systolic hypertension was 6.2% in males and 4.8 % in females. The diastolic hypertension was 5.0 % in males and 5.5% in females.In the present study the children belonging

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to the illiterate parents possess lower obesity and hypertension when compared to the children of educated mother and fathers. The results further indicates that a linear relationship between parental education and hypertension in male sex (3.3 % among illiterate fathers vs. 16.7 % when father was educated). No significant relationship was observed between paternal education and hypertension in female adolescents. An inverse relation was observed between maternal education and hypertension in both male and female adolescents. The prevalence of hypertension in male and female adolescents with illiterate mothers was 50% and 36% respectively where as male and female adolescents with educated mothers had a prevalence of 8.3% and 8% respectively. Hence policy measures are to be driven to educate the parents on the adolessscent hypertension and overweight/obesity and its health consequences.

Keywords: hypertension, adolescent, anthropometric

PSCN-38

Clinical Assessment of Health and Nutritional Status of School Going Children of Tirupati

Sireesha.G1 and D.L. Kusuma2

Sri Padmavathi Womens Degree & PG College and Dept. of Home Science, S.V. University, Tirupati. Email: g.srisireesha@Rediff.com

Health and nutritional status of Tirupati urban school children of Chittoor district was

studied with the help of clinical examination, and height and weight measurements. A total of 776 children (342 boys and 434 girls) formed the study group. With clinical symptoms, the prevalence of various deficiencies was estimated. With measurements of height and weight, the prevalence of undernutrition was also determined. A close proximation was observed in the appearance of deficiency symptoms and undernutrition between boys and girls, depicting their poor state of health and nutrition.

Keywords: school children, nutritional status, under nutrition

PSCN-39

Quality and Fluoride Content of Drinking and Irrigated Water in Select Mandals of Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh - Health Implications

Sudha Rani.K1 and Kusuma D.L2

Dept. of Home Science, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati Email: Sudhasreenivas2005@gmail.com

Fluoride, a mineral required in trace levels becomes an accumulative poison when

consumed in excess. It has adverse effects on human health when its concentration exceeds 1.0 ppm in drinking water. It is also known to aggravate iodine deficiency and aluminum toxicity, apart from having other interactions with many nutrients. Andhra Pradesh is one among the few states with a high percentage of districts affected by fluorosis. Since, water is the major source, drinking and irrigated water sources were analysed in 10 interior villages of 5 mandals of A.P. to the west side of Anantapur district.viz Brahmasamudram, Kanekal, Settur, Kundurpi and Kalyandurg mandals for fluoride levels by using colorimetry method. Observations on dental, skeletal and

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calcium deficiencies were also carried out among the inhabitants of these villages. Basic quality of water was also assessed by determining pH, EC, RSC, SAR, Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+, Co3

-2,Cl-, and So4

-2. The results revealed that the fluoride levels of water in these villages ranged from 2.9 to 4.1 ppm. A random survey of 225 members age range of 18 to 40 years revealed that 106 were afflicted with dental fluorosis, the persons in the age groups of 40 and above years 48 are suffering from skeletal fluorosis. In the context estimation of serum calcium levels may focus on the precipitation of the malady of fluorosis in these populations. Hence Promotion of rural based water defluoridation techniques and use of nutritional interventions is proposed as a combined approach to mitigate the ill effects of excess fluoride intake in the affected population.

Keywords: fluoride, iodine deficiency, colrimetry PSCN-40

Food Consumption Behavior of Tribal Women Andhra Pradesh

Jyotsna devi. B1 and S. Thulasamma2 Centre for Extension Studies & Centre for Women’s Studies, S.V. University, Tirupati

A tribal woman occupied an important place in the socio-economic structure of her society.

The unprecedented depletion of forests and scarcity of forest wealth has deprived the tribal of his traditional sources of nutrition and medication. Good nutrition was a requirement throughout the life and was vital to women in terms of their health and work. Nutritional anaemia was a major problem for women in India and more so in the rural and tribal belt. It was observed that among most of the tribal groups, the staple diet was rice or minor millets. Diet of not a single tribe of different states of India can be said to be fully satisfactory. Tribal diets were generally grossly deficient in Calcium, Vitamin A, and Vitamin. C, riboflavin and animal protein. The study area consists of three districts viz., Khammam, Kurnool and Guntur. The three districts were purposively selected because of the density of the tribal population in these parts. Nearly half (46%, 50%, 53%) of the respondents from the districts, i.e., Khammam, Kurnool and Guntur bought cereals daily. More than one third (38%, 40%, 46%) of the respondents in three districts bought pulses weekly. Majority (94%, 93%, and 80%) of the respondents in the three districts bought vegetables weekly. Cent percent of respondents from the three districts were consumed cereals and pulses daily. Majority of the respondents (72%) consumed meat and meat products monthly in the three districts. Nutrition education is to be given to mother for better weaning practices and for better nutritional practices, during pregnancy and lactation.

Keywords : tribal woman, nutritional anaemia, consumption pattern

PSCN - 41

Food Habites and Nutritional Status of Adolescents Girls

Adilakshmi. T, Jyostna Devi, Prof. D.Usha Rani Center for Extension Studies& Center for women’s studies, S.V. University, Tirupati

There are about 500 adolescents girls, a fifth of the world’s population, and their numbers

are increasing. Hence, it is essential to assess their nutritional status. To assess The nutritional status of adolescent girls and to identify the chi square value between socio-demographic

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Characters and nutritional status among them. 250 adolescent girls aged between 13 and 18 years were selected from the rural areas of chittore district. Pretested Questionnaire applied and clinical examination done. Age Group, Type of Family, Religion, Monthly Family Income, Literacy and Family Size. The study found that prevalence of food habits is vegetarian 75 (30%) and non-vegetarian 175 is (70%).Prevalence of under nutrition were common among the girls in the late adolescent group, Hindus, Those who lived joint family, low monthly income and with the family size more than. It is essential to implement adolescent friendly health services as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to improve the nutritional status.

Keywords: nutritional status, adolescent girls, food habits.

PSCN-42

Food and Nutrition Problems of Children in Rural Areas of Chittoor District

T. Mallikarjuna Dept. of Sociology, S.V. University, Tirupati

Email: tmallikarjuna.malli1@gmail.com

Food and nutrition is a vital role of the every human health conditions. Good nutrition in the

early years is vital, Children’s early experiences of food play an important part in shaping later eating habits, and good eating habits support healthy growth and development. According to Indian statistical reports 42% of the country's children are malnourished. It’s the reflection on Andhra Pradesh. The latest study finding that 38.8% children in AP, in the age group 1-5 years, are undernourished. An alarming 48.1% of children have stunted growth. The National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau of AP, said that a population of 5,000 pre-school children 45.6% of the children in rural areas is underweight and undernourished with 49.6% of them showing stunted growth. The Various factors contribute towards a high malnutrition rate such as poverty, ignorance, faulty infant and child-feeding practices are the primary causes, education, nutritional illiteracy may be prevalent as there are socio-cultural factors also play vital role to malnutrition of the child in rural areas of Chittoor District. The state reported nutritional programmes undertaken by it to address the problem of malnutrition. The study said that the government had failed to obtain desired results due to poor programme implementation. In chittoor, efforts are being diluted by lack of monitoring and supervision. Food supply is there but it is not reaching children. In cases where it is running properly, say as part of a midday meal scheme somewhere, the quality is very poor. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme when it is supposed to provide one-third of their total nutritional requirement. "ICDS gives a dry soya and wheat mixture which the children cannot eat. The children need to be given tender, tasty and fresh food. These are the problems of the food and nutrition to reaching the rural areas.

The present study keenly evaluates the role of nutrition food to growth of children, impact of malnutrition, causes and consequences food and nutrition problems and improvement of livelihood in rural areas of the district.

Keywords: food and nutrition, ICDS, food supply.

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PSCN-43

Consumption Pattern of Oils in MIG and HIG Families in Tirupati Urban

Aruna. M, and S.Kathyayani Dept. of Homescience, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visva Vidhyalayam, Tirupati-517502

Email: aruna.ahahw2012@gmail.com

In the urban population, the intake of fat in diet varies according to the income group. Most of the people in India are relying on fats rather than carbohydrates diet. Due to this eating pattern nearly 11 million tons of oil production has increased within three years. While fats and oils are essential in our diet, fat encompasses all sources of lipids in foods. But excessive consumption of fats in diets may prone to disease, especially those derived from animal sources, elevates blood cholesterol levels which is then responsible for atherosclerosis, leading to cardiovascular and other related disorders. The present study aimed to study the consumption pattern of oils and fats in Tirupathi urban area from chittoor mandal. Around 200 families were surveyed out of which only 30 families from MIG and 30 families from HIG were selected randomly, to analyze the consumption pattern of oils in these two groups. An interview based method of survey was conducted amongst 60 families from different locations of Tirupati.

The results obtained in this study, revealed that in Tirupathi urban area MIG and HIG people are using various brands of edible oils .since the income is high in HIG people, there is a significantly high degrees of eating out side foods among them. This might lead to various diseases. Hence, one should prefer to eat rich vitamins and antioxidants, like fruits, vegetables etc. The regular intake of these foods decreases the health problems and increases the resistance power in the body.

Keywords: consumption pattern, urban population oils, fats

PSCN-44

Fish for Health and Nutritional Security

Bimal Prasanna Mohanty1, Bijaya Kumar Behera1, Md. Aftabuddin1, Dipesh Debnath, B. K. Singh1, T. V. Sankar2, Suseela Mathew2, R. Anandan2, K. K. Asha2, Kajal Chakraborty3, P.

Vijayagopal3, I. Rajendran3, K. K. Vijayan3, B. N. Paul4, S. N. Mohanty4, N. Sridhar4, J. Syama Dayal5, S. Kannappan5, G. Venkateshwarlu6, Asim Kumar Paul6, Narottama Prasad Sahu6,

Debajit Sarma7, Nityanand Pandey7, Md. Shahbaz Akhtar7, Neetu Shahi7, Anil Prakash Sharma1,

1ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India; 2 ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India;

3 ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India; 4 ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India;

6 ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India; 7 ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand.

E-mail: bimalmohanty12@rediffmail.com

Fish is an important dietary component and provides a vital source of food for millions of people worldwide. Fish serves as a health food for the affluent world owing to its oils which are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially the omega-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA; at the same time it is a health food for the vast majority of people in the underdeveloped and developing countries owing to its quality proteins, micronutrients (minerals and vitamins); besides the oils.

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Fish plays an important role in preventing protein-calorie malnutrition in the developing countries and the small indigenous fishes (SIFs) are going to be a major player in combating the micronutrient deficiency and associated diseases in the South East Asian and other developing countries. Health benefits of eating fish are being increasingly understood and human feeding trials are being conducted world over to firmly establish the health benefits associated with fish consumption. Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing production sectors and India is a top fish producing country in the world. Keeping the vital role of fisheries and aquaculture sector in view, Fisheries Division of the ICAR has undertaken an ‘Outreach Activity consortium on Nutrient Profiling of Fish’ with the objective of generating and documenting comprehensive scientific information on nutrient profiles viz. proximate composition, fatty acid, amino acid, mineral and vitamin profiles of commercially important fish species. A database is being developed which would be useful to the consumers, dieticians, physicians, planners and authorities concerned with formulating national ‘dietary guidelines’. This on-going project has generated nutritional information on about 40 fish species from varied aquatic ecosystems across the country which includes marine, brackish, fresh and cold water fishes as well as SIFs. Specific nutrient richness of different species has been found out for their utilization for therapeutic purposes. The detailed findings will be presented.

Keywords: fish, nutritional security, PUFA, micronutrient deficiency

PSCN-45

Wild Fruits and Vegetables: A Great Source of Micronutrients

Dashrath Bhati1 and Shashi Jain2 Dept. of Food and Nutrition, College of Home Science, Maharana Pratap University of

Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan E-mail ID: bhati.dashrath1@gmail.com

Micronutrient deficiency is a universal problem, which presently affects over billions of people worldwide, resulting in poor health, low worker productivity, high rates of mortality and morbidity. Deficiency in micronutrients has led to increased rates of chronic diseases and permanent impairment of cognitive abilities in infants born to micronutrient deficient mothers. Wild fruits and vegetables have been the mainstay of human diets for centuries, providing millions of consumers with important micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals needed to maintain health and promote immunity against infections. Compared to conventional cultivated species, wild fruits and vegetables are hardy, require less care, and are a rich source of micronutrients. Hence, they could make an important contribution to combating micronutrient malnutrition as well as providing food security. Unfortunately, wild fruits and vegetables are currently underutilized, and have been neglected by researchers and policy makers. Their promotion and integration into human diets could assist in their protracted use and consequent conservation. The present study has been carried out in tribal region of Udaipur district, located in south-west region of Rajasthan. The survey among the tribals inhabiting in the studied area brought to light, a number of wild plant species used as fruits and vegetables. The plant parts i.e. tubers, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits are used in raw and cooked form. However, most of the tribals today are deprived of their traditional food choices due to depletion of forest resources, destruction of forest areas and due to lack of knowledge in present generation. This paper enumerates various wild edible plants used as vegetable / fruits in the diets of the tribals of Southern Rajasthan.

Keywords: micronutrient deficiency, wild fruits and vegetables, forest resources

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PSCN-46 Nutritional Status and School Adjustment of Juvenile Diabetics

Priya Wadawadgi, Kasturiba B, Usha Malagi and Saraswati Hunshal

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Email: kasturiparamesh@yahoo.com

An investigation on the “Nutritional status and school adjustment of juvenile diabetics” was undertaken in Hubli and Dharwad cities, to assess the nutritional status in terms of anthropometry and nutrient adequacy. School adjustment was assessed in terms of social, emotional, educational adjustment, by a scale developed by Sinha and Singh (1997), academic performance and participation in extracurricular activities was assessed by a structured questionnaire. Thirty juvenile diabetics aged below 18 years were selected randomly, equal number of age, gender and region matched subjects served as controls.

The study revealed that poor metabolic control was evident in higher percentage of diabetics as evidenced by FBG (63.33%) and PPBG (76.66%). Life style changes such as insulin therapy, frequent visits to clinics, making suitable food choices, frequent missing of schools, make juvenile diabetic children different from the normal peer group and thus resulting in lower academic achievement and poor social, emotional and educational adjustment. Doctors, dieticians and parents have to play a significant role in tackling these problems. Hence, education regarding nutrition, coping skills, treatment adherence and control of disease, psychological interventions can be imparted to the children with diabetes and their parents, so that they can lead a healthy and normal life as that of their peers.

Keywords: nutritional status, anthropology, educational status

PSCN-47

Children’s Media Consumption and Its Impact on their Nutrition

Neelima. B. N Dept. of Communication and Journalism, Sri Padmavati Mahila University, Tirupati.

Email: neelprof@gmail.com

The media has emerged as a forceful and powerful presence in the lives of children today. Be it the television or the Internet, children spend a majority of their leisure time engaged with the media. As such their media diet has become a concern for parents, teachers, policy makers and governments. The mushrooming of 24 hour channels and also a substantial increase in the channels that are solely for children and young people have created a fertile playing ground for advertisers and marketers of food that targets children.

Children are bombarded daily with all kinds of alluring messages telling them to eat the wrong foods and making these foods appear hard to resist. Most of the foods advertised blatantly and repeatedly such as fried snacks, aerated beverages, fast food meals are labelled as unhealthy by nutrition experts. Food is the most advertised product to children when they are watching TV shows that are intended specifically for them. Research suggests that even a short exposure from a 30-second commercial can influence the food preferences of a preschool child.

The excessive media consumption thus has a two fold impact on children. On one hand, it keeps them away from physically active leisure time activities and on the other, influence of advertisements of junk and unhealthy food on them has a detrimental impact on the growth of

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children. This has become a major concern especially in the wake of a growing number of children suffering from obesity, cholesterol and heart problems and Type 2 diabetes.

There is yet another catch to the present situation. Though, it is largely assumed that Television is the major media that wrongly influences children to snack on unhealthy foods, the growth of new media has made television only a minor player in the field. Cell phones, mobile music devices, instant messaging, videogames, and virtual three dimensional worlds are other potent media that spread the messages of unhealthy eating patterns in children.

This paper explores the growing importance of media in the lives of children, especially in the context of influencing unhealthy eating patterns and lifestyle. Several policy measures have been suggested to reduce the impact of media with regard to promoting unhealthy nutritional choices and lifestyles in children.

Keywords: children’s media, life styles, nutrition.

PSCN-48

Diet & Nutritional Status of Baiga Tribe of Baihar, Balaghat District, Madhya-Pradesh

T. Chakma and P. Meshram Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribal, Indian Council of Medical Research,

Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh Email: pmeshram2001@rediffmail.com

A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in 2010 to assess the nutritional status of Baiga tribal population of Baihar, Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh. A total of 1197 individuals from 436 Households were studied for food Intake anthropometry and clinical examination. The consumption of all the food except cereals and millets were lower than recommended level. The intake of micronutrients was lower than RDA. Vitamin ‘A’ deficiency was a major nutritional deficiency disorder in this tribe. The magnitude of wasting (weight for height < Median-2SD) in tribal pre-school children was significantly higher (42.3%) than in rural (23.8%) children. The prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (BMI<18.5) among adults was significantly higher (55.8% male & 62.9% female) as compared to rural population of Madhya Pradesh (28% male & 31% female). The results revealed that malnutrition is still a leading problem of Baiga tribe and the situation has not been improved in spite of nutrition intervention programmers which are currently in operation.

Keywords: baiga, nutritional status, pre-school children. PSCN-49

Food Security in India: Vision for Nutritional Need

1Roopa Singh, 2Ravindra Pratap Singh, 3Deepa Singh 1Karhal, Mainpuri, UP, , 2Department of Economics, KKPG College, Etawah, UP. ,

3Institute of Home Science, Agra Email: ravindrap4u@gmail.com

The last great famine in India occurred in 1943, and served as a case study for Amartya

Sen, the Nobel Prize winning Indian economist, in his groundbreaking work Poverty and Famines, in which he showed that famine was rarely the result of a lack of food, but rather the result of intervening economic factors, such as unemployment, declining wages, and, as is often the case

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in India, poor food distribution systems. According to the Planning Commission's contentious Tendulkar Committee Report, calorie consumption is calculated at 1776 calories per person per day for urban areas, 1999 for rural areas. This is much below the ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) norms for the average person in India which is 2400 calories in rural areas and 2100 calories in urban areas. According to the International Food Policy Research Institute’s 2011 Global Hunger Index, the upshot of this perennial problem is that about 60 million children in India are underweight and malnourished, while 21 percent of the population as a whole general is malnourished. Result of the study shows that effective and efficient food and environmental interventions are needed until all the citizens are adequately fed.

Keywords: food security, economic factors, global hunger index

PSCN-50

Old Cultural Practices Leading to Suboptimal Nutritional Intake of Calories in Children with Acute Viral Hepatitis(AVH)

Laxmi Kant Bharti Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014.

E-mail: lkbharti@yahoo.com

Scientifically there are no restrictions of any food items during AVH. But there are lots of wrong dietary practices being followed in majority of places in India. To know the effects of these dietary practices, it is aimed to determine nutritional intake of AVH intake before during the illness and post dietary counseling .Fifty patients of AVH which were admitted to hospital were interviewed for food consumed and avoided or restricted during the illness. Premorbid caloric and current caloric intake were evaluated. After that nutritional counseling with dietary plan given to them. Normal dietary intake was advised to all children. Another caloric intake was evaluated on post discharge first follow up or telephonically. There was statistically significant difference between premorbid and during illness caloric and protein intake. There was reduction of calories up to 30-60% of the total requirement for age and sex.A reduction of protein intake up to 20-40% for the age and sex. All children shown improvement in caloric and protein increase during inpatient period. At post discharge follow up, all children were on 80-100% of their caloric and protein requirements. Study showed that not only at majority of places, traditional nutritional practices during AVH illness being followed, but also some of practicing clinicians also follow these wrong nutritional practices.

Keywords: acute viral hepatitis, old cultural practices, protein and calorie intake,dietary counseling. PSCN-51

Maize - A Potential Crop for Food Security and Nutritional Quality

Y Reddi Ramu1 and N. Sunitha2 Department of Agronomy, S.V. Agricultural College,

Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati-517 502, E.mail : ramuagro@rediffmail.com

Maize is of the most important cereal crop in the world’s agricultural economy both as food for human and as a feed and fodder for live stock. It is the third most important cereal crop of India, after wheat and rice, grown in many parts of the world including the hunger and malnutrition prone Asia and Africa. It is known as ‘Queen of Cereals’ because of its maximum yield potential (22t/ha) among the cereals. Maize being a C4 plant has a tremendous yield potential and responds

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well to growth resources. It has higher level of industrial utilization than any other cereal grain because of diversified products. The cultivation must attract attention to eradicate twin problems of hunger and malnutrition in our country.

Maize, a good source of carbohydrates and rich in dietary fibers (2.7g100-1g), is now accepted as essential part of balanced nutritional diet, which prevents number of diseases starting from constipation up to colon cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and certain types of heart ailments. It is rich in iron – (3 mg100-1g); zinc – (3 mg100-1g), fats (3.6 g100-1g), vitamins, minerals (1.5gm100-1g) and protein content (11g100-1g) compared to other cereals. It has 7% albumin (water soluble protein), 5% globulin (saline soluble protein), 52% prolamin (alcohol soluble), 2.5% gluten (alkali soluble fraction), 6% non proteinaceous nitrogen and 5% residual nitrogen. The order of nutritional quality of the four soluble fractions of cereal proteins are albumin> globulin> glutein>prolamin.

In recent years, biotechnologists developed new maize genotypes containing proteins with better nutritional qualities known as Quality Protein Maize (QPM) hybrids Viz. Shakthi -1, Shaktiman-1, Shaktiman-2 which have 80% biological value and 92% true protein digestibility, besides 9% protein 2 to 3 fold increase in essential amino acids like lysine and tryptophan respectively. Studies on pre-school children revealed QPM to increase appreciably height and body weight.

Keywords: maize, food security, nutritional quality, genotypes

PSCN-52

Food Habits And Nutritional Status Of Children From Secondary Schools In Urban Pune

Rama Kawade1 and Mannuru Chandrakala2.

1Health Genesis, 607, The Pantagoan, Shahu college road Pune 411009. 2Department of Food Science and Nutrition, SNDT College of Home Science, Pune.

Email: ramakawade@rediffmail.com

The objective of the study was to explore association between food habits and nutritional status of children from secondary schools in urban Pune. Height, weight and physical activity data were collected on 286 (44.1% girls) 6th and 7th standard students from two schools. An interviewer-assisted questionnaire was used to gather data on the food habits. Food frequency questionnaire was administered to assess intake of snacks and fruits. The prevalence of under-nutrition (BMI-for-age <5th percentile) was 33.9% (42.5% in boys and 23.0% in girls), while 5.9% children (5.0% boys and 7.2% girls) were obese/overweight (BMI-for-age >=85th percentile). Frequency of eating outside home at least once/week was reported by 61.2% of children, out of which 6.6% eat outside daily. Most preferred places were street vendors (60.3%) and roadside food stalls (21.8%) over school canteens (12.1%). Daily consumption of bakery products, fried foods and desserts was reported by 57.7%, 27.6%, and 26.9% of children, respectively; whereas only 14.7% of children reported daily consumption of fruits. BMI-for-age percentiles were negatively correlated with consumption of bakery products (r=-0.14) and fried foods (r=-0.15) and positively correlated with fruit intake (r=0.19) (p<0.05). Average BIM-for-age percentile was significantly higher in children reporting less frequency of consumption of bakery products (Mean±SE 32.8±3.2 vs 25.4±2.0) and fried foods (30.6±2.3 vs. 24.6±2.5) (p<0.05). Frequency of eating food outside home especially from open places was prevalent in school children. High consumption of bakery products and fried

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foods had negative association with growth in school children, where the prevalence of under-nutrition was high.

Keywords: food habits, nutritional status, secondary school, food frequency

PSCN-53

Prevalenece of Overweight and Obesity among College Going Girls in New Delhi University

Mina Moradi, Sushma Kashyap and Veenu Seth.

Deparment of Food and Nutrition, Lady Irwin College, New Delhi University. Delhi Email: Minamoradi1362@yahoo.com

The prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined among 180 college going girls

(17-22 years), studying in two colleges of Delhi University. Nutritional status assessed based on height, weight and BF% measurements, using standardized techniques and equipments. Salient findings revealed that majority of the subjects belonged to middle income to high income groups of the society and had nuclear type of families. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among the subjects, using WHO (2001) classification was 21% and 5.4%, respectively. However, according to IOTF/WHO (2004), the prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 14.6% and 26.4%. In both classifications, 13.5% of the subjects were underweight. In the present study, there was a significant correlation between BMI and subjects’ perception of their weight status (r= 0.72, P< 0.001). Data on BF% revealed that, around half of the subjects (48.8%) fell into normal category of BF%, 28.8% have low BF % and 16.4% of the subjects had BF % termed overweight. A few number of subjects considered as obese. Highly significant positive correlation was found between BMI status and the body fat percent of subjects in different age groups (in the age group of 18, r=0.85, P<0.0001, in the age group of 19, r=0.79, P< 0.0001 and in the age group of 20+ r= +0.78, P<0.0001,).

Keywords: underweight, overweight, obesity, body fat, BMI status PSCN-54

Water and Beverages Consumption Pattern Among Females in Delhi

Kumari Geeta1 and Manju2. Nutritional Sciences, SOCE, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Maidan Garhi, Delhi.

Email: kgeeta41@gmail.com

A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to analyze the amount and consumption pattern of water and different beverages intake. The study also aimed at finding out general perceptions and association of water intake to different variables. A pre-tested questionnaire cum interview schedule, a drink frequency questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall was used to collect the required information from 100 females. Average water (plain) intake was found to be 1342.5 ml/day/female and the beverages intake was 202.25 ml/day/female. The sum of total water intake (water + beverages + tea and coffee + fluid from food) was 1897.09 ml/day/female. Categorization of the females as per their total water intake showed that large number (58%) take less than 2000 ml of water per day, 25% between 1500 to 2000 ml, 23% 1000 to 1500 ml and 10% of females take less than 1000 ml. of water. Categorization of subjects based upon plain water intake revealed that majority of the subjects (66%) drink less than 2000ml of water per day (26% from

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1500 to 2000ml, 25% from 1000 to <1500ml and 15% from 500 to <1000ml). Female consider “need to go for washroom frequently”, “inconvenient access to clean urinals” and “unavailability of clean water “as major excuse for low intake of water. A significant number of females on low intake of water (500ml to <1000ml/ day) reported more than one symptom of disease related to dehydration like dry skin, weakness, dandruff, pimples, dark circles, constipation and acidity. Headache, burning sensation in urine and fatigue were also common among females having inadequate amount of fluid intake.

Keywords: water, beverages, dehydration and fluid intake

PSCN-55 Microbial Estimation of Food Samples and Food Safety Practices

Score of Home Food Preparers in Ludhiana District of Punjab

Sonika Sharma1 and Jasvinder K Sangha2

Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana(Pb)

E-mail : drsonika@pau.edu, jk_sangha@yahoo.co.in

A study was conducted in the Ludhiana district of Punjab to find out any correlation between the food safety practices and microbial contamination of food. The food samples of 30 rural and urban home food preparers were estimated for microbial contamination. Also the mean practice score of the home food preparers were calculated and these were compared using one tail t-test. Results revealed that out of 30 samples of kneaded dough, 40 percent of the samples were found to be contaminated with E coli with mean value of 4 x 103 CFU/g and 1.5 x 103 CFU/g for Nutrient Agar(NA) and Glucose Yeast Extract(GYE),respectively. Fifty three percent samples of cooked dal were found to be contaminated with Aeromonas with mean value of 1.2 x104 CFU/g and 7 x 103 CFU/g for NA and GYE, respectively and 66.67 % of samples of boiled potato, were contaminated with Aeromonas, Salmonella, Staphylococcus with mean value of 4 x 103 CFU/g and 6 x 103 CFU/g for NA and GYE, respectively. In cheese samples, 60% were contaminated with Aeromonas, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and E coli. Three forths (73.33%) of water samples from urban and rural households were found to be non potable, while 26.67 % samples were potable. The mean practice score of the respondents with no microbial contamination in the food samples was significantly higher as compared to the mean practice score of the respondents with microbial contamination in the food samples(p<0.01). This clearly indicates that by following good food safety practices on regular basis lead to lesser microbial contamination in the food samples.

Keywords: food safety, microbial, e.coli, staphylococcus. PSCN-56

Reflective Note of Ayurvedic Dietetic Regimen for Safe Motherhood –National Magnitude

K.Prameeladevi, Lakshmipathi research centre for Ayurveda, CCRAS, Govt.of India,VHS Campus,Chennai-600 113

Email: kancherlaprameela@yahoo.co.in

One of the major factors that promote health and wellbeing of the mother and the baby in the womb is wholesome nourishment. The magnitude of the nutritional stress during pregnancy and the reasons have been elaborately described in Ayurvedic literature since centuries ago. Ayurveda believes in planned progeny and described the purification procedures and dietary rules

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for bith partners to have a healthy conception.Ayurveda has described Antenatal care as garbhini paricharya and mentioned masanumasika paricharya by prescribing certain specific diet regimen in monthwise upto 9 months to combat Anaemia, Hypertension during pregnancy. The rationale for such diet is that diet should nourish the mother during pregnancy and should help the growth and development of the foetus.Further,it shoud ensure a smooth delivery and also helps in the secretion of breast milk. In the current scenario, maternal and infant mortality has been increased due to malnourishment. The diet specified in the traditional system of Ayurveda helps in meeting the challenges of pregnant as well as puerperal women.

Keywords: ayurvedic, dietic regimen, safe motherhood, pregnancy.

PSCN-57

Nutritional Status of Adolescent Girls from Millet Growing Areas of Konkan Region of Maharashtra with Special Reference to Iron and Calcium

Pooja S. Sawant1, Nirmala B. Yenagi2 and Usha Malagi2

1Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra- 415 712, 2Dept. Food Science and Nutrition, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka

Email: niryenagi@yahoo.co.in

Rice is the main agricultural crop and finger millet is cultivated as major kharif crop in Konkan region. A total of 60 adolescent girls in the age group of 9-15 years were randomly selected from Dapoli District, Ratnagiri for assessment of nutritional status. Around 83% girls were from farm labour family and belonged to lower to middle economic classes. The girls of all ages were below the NCHS standards at 50th percentile indicating deficit growth and underweight. The mean nutritional index of girls was in the range of 19.01 to 26.99. Twenty six percent of girls were severely malnourished where as 46% belong to moderate malnutrition. Ragi was consumed by almost all the families, however 40% consumed daily and most of them consumed once a week and very few, once a month. The per cent adequacy of energy, protein, calcium and iron was ranged from 68-78, 44-57, 43-50 and 53-82% respectively. The mean hemoglobin values were between 9.20 to 10.00 g/100ml and girls were moderately anaemic. The serum calcium ranged from 9.68 to 10.26 mg/dl and all most all girls had normal serum calcium and urinary calcium according to WHO standards, the normal calcium level (8.70 and 11.00 mg/dl for girls of 9-15 years). Regular consumption of ragi could be the reason for normal calcium level in girls. Hence nutritionally superior finger millet as rich source of calcium and best quality protein can be promoted in the regular diet through value addition as it is local and easily accessible staple food for better nutrition security of the community.

Keywords: adolescent girls, nutritional status, iron, calcium, finger millet PSCN-58

Nutrition interventions to combat malnutrition

Abha Khetarpal1, G.K.Kochar2 2Dept.of Home-Science, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 1Dept. of Home-Science,

D.A.V. College For Girls, Yamunanagar (Haryana) Email : abhakhetarpal@rediffmail.com

Malnutrition is to be thought of as a biological translation of socioeconomic, cultural and historical phenomena, being a social disease "par excellence" whose elimination requires a

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change in a country's entire social, economic and political organization and choice of development strategy. Traditional analyses of the causes of malnutrition have a fundamental bias which focuses on the characteristics of the malnourished rather than on the effects of the larger social order on health and nutritional status. Most analyses view malnutrition as a technical biomedical problem and, consequently, nutrition standards lose significance as criteria against which the performance of other sectors of a country's economy and/or the outcome of its economic development policies can be measured .Nutrition interventions that have most frequently been implemented, tend to be narrow in scope and aimed at changing or "treating" these characteristics of the malnourished. Typically these interventions have included programs in the areas of: nutrition education like new foods and food fortification, child feeding, health and sanitation, subsidization of agriculture and food production, and improvement of marketing channels. These interventions have several important common features: They require no significant change in the distribution of income or wealth in a country, no change in the consumption habits of the well nourished portion of the population, and no shift in economic development strategies or priorities. They are also directly related to the way in which decision makers conceptualize the malnutrition problem. Accordingly, these interventions are the ones that can be added to any given array of government services without any reorientation of existing social and or economic policies.

Keywords: malnutrition, interventions, food fortification

PSCN-59

Anthropometric Indices of School Children from Selected Urban and Rural Areas of Mysore

Shekhar Naik R and Jamuna Prakash

Dept. of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore

E-mail ID: rsnaik1967@gmail.com

Physical status of an individual indicates the health and nutrition wellbeing, specially the school children, during the growing years. The present study was carried out in urban and rural areas of Mysore taluk; 850 (434-urban and 416-rural) children were randomly recruited and their somatic status was recorded. Children were categorised into three groups, <7 years, 7 to 9 years and >9 years. The mean weight and height of urban children were 19.5kg and 118.0cm and that of rural children were 19.7kg and 119.1cm respectively. The mean weight of children from urban and rural area showed highly significant differences arising due to age (F= 236.740, P= 0.000) and with area of study (F=5.33, P=0.021). Similar findings were also noted for height. Significant differences were also seen for BMI (F= 7.009, P= 0.000). As per BMI, the percent of normal children were 59 (>9 years), 66 (7 to 9 years) and 77 (<7 years of age). As age increased, the number of children with normal BMI status decreased significantly. The mean MUAC was 14.8, 15.6 and 16.3cm and and mean SFT was 7.6, 7.8 and 8.3 mm for <7 years, 7 to 9 years and >9 years age group children respectively. Urban and rural children MUAC were 16.4 and 16.3cm; SFT was 8.6 and 8.2mm respectively. Overall urban children showed better anthropometric indices than rural children and female had better status than males. The study shows that children need better nutritional care before the onset of secondary growth.

Keywords: anthropometric, school children, BMI

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PSCN-60

Somatic Status of Selected Women From Urban And Rural Areas Of Mysore

Shekhar Naik R and Jamuna Prakash Dept. of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore

E-mail ID: rsnaik1967@gmail.com

Women are generally nutritionally vulnerable segment of our population. Rural women suffer with higher undernutrition than the urban women. The objective of study was to ascertain the somatic status of women from urban and rural area of Mysore. A total of 756 women aged between 28 to 33 years were recruited for the study and their height, weight, waist and hip circumference were recorded. Nutritional status was assessed according to BMI. The average age of women was 30.1 years. Mean weight of women was 52.2kg with urban women showing higher weight of 54.5kg and rural women with lesser weight of 49.6 kg, the difference being significant (F=27.709, P=0.000). Mean height of women was 152.4cm, with no difference between urban and rural women. Calculated mean BMI was 22.4, with significant difference between urban and rural women. The mean waist and hip ratio was 0.9. BMI indicated that 21.7 % of women were suffering with CED while a considerable number were also overweight (18.4%) and obese (7.9%). The incidence of overweight and obesity were higher in urban women than in rural women’s indicating consumption of high energy diets. Data indicate that most of the women have normal BMI, however, a small number need nutritional care.

Keywords: somatic status, urban and rural women, BMI, obesity. PSCN-61

Education and Communication Strategies for Nutrition Communication

K. Jyothirmayee and C.Vani Dept. of Communication and Journalism, Sri Padmavati Mahila University, Tirupati.

Email: vanispmvv@gmail.com

Availability of adequate and nutritious food for citizens is one of the most important indicators of development for any country. Though most of the Asian countries, including India herald a very high growth rate, a majority of the citizens do not have access to nutritious food and rates of malnourishment especially among women and children are deplorable.Low birth weight, high morbidity and mortality in children and poor maternal nutrition of the mother are some of the major concerns in India. One third of babies born in India are of low birth weight (LBW) (< 2×5 kg) and this continues to be a major public health problem. m. In addition to short term consequences, such as high infant mortality and childhood growth failure among survivors (Pojda and Kelley. 2000), LBW carries long term risk in the form of high rates of adult coronary heart disease and type II diabetes (Barker, 1998).The government has launched a number of national, state and regional initiatives and programs, however, the results are only marginal. In fact, statistics of malnourishment among women and children in India are comparable to those of countries like Ethiopia. In a scenario like this, a country like ours can hardly claim to be making great strides in development.It has been largely acknowledged by governments, research bodies, extension workers and even International agencies like UN and UNESCO that several nutrition problems can be overcome if effective communication is used not only to educate people, but also to change their behaviour patterns. Nutrition communication must include new and emerging technologies

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and methods to encourage people to try, adopt and sustain new behaviours relating to food and nutrition. It is important that countries strengthen social communication mechanisms to improve and implement nutritional knowledge, especially at the individual, family and community levels.

There are several nutrition communication strategies that can be employed. Information dissemination approach, participatory communications, educational communication, use of a variety of media, communication campaigns, social marketing, advocacy, Community organising, Networking, establishing linkages, and building alliances are some of the methods and strategies that can be used to disseminate nutrition information. This paper discusses the state of nutrition of the citizens of India, the underlying problems and issues, argues the use of nutrition communication to tackle issues and discusses various strategies and methods used in nutrition communication. The paper also details an action plan to develop a communication campaign in this regard.

Keywords: education and communication, malnourishment, emerging technologies.

PSCN-62

Growth and Nutritional Status of Adolescent Girls of Ambedkar Nagar District in Uttar Pradesh

Poonam1 and Sudha Pandey2

Department of Home Science, 1Ramabai Government Girls P.G. College, Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar (UP)

2Government Girls College, DLW, Varanasi (UP), India Email: pnm_maurya@yahoo.com

A study was conducted in the adolescent girls of Ambedkar Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh to assess their nutritional status. The data comprised 900 girls ranging in age from 10 to 18 years, measured cross-sectionally. The nutritional status of the girls was assessed by measuring their height, weight and BMI. Thinness and overweight were calculated by BMI against Age Z scores (BAZ) as per the method of World Health Organization (WHO); whereas stunting was calculated by Height against age (HAZ). The height and weight were at par with the standards of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), whereas it was lower than from those of WHO. The prevalence of stunting (HAZ � -2) was found to be 17.56%, overweight (BAZ � 1) was 0.11% whereas thinness (BAZ � -2) was prevalent in 18.22% population.

Keywords: adolescent girls, growth, nutritional status stunting, overweight, thinness.

PSCN-63

Nutrient Profile of Different Little Millet (Panicum miliare) Samples

Sharanappa Talawar1and Suresh kumar. G2. Dept. of Lipid Science and Traditional Foods, Central Food

Technological Research Institute (CFTRI-CSIR) Mysore. Email: sharan.t1985@gmail.com

Little millet (Panicum sumatrense) is one of the minor millet which is cultivated in the Indian

sub continent and is also a principle source of energy, protein, fibre and mineral for millions of people in the region where it is cultivated. A study was undertaken to screen the samples cultivated across the state for nutritional components. A total of 180 samples were collected from

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Chitradurga, Dharwad and Haveri Districts of Karnataka state. The samples were dehulled and analyzed by Near Infrared Specrophotometer (NIR) after calibrations for proximate composition . The results show that the mean protein content of little millet dehulled grains from Haveri district was the highest, 9.18g/100g, followed by Dharwad, 9.05g/100g and least was from Chitradurga region 8.92g/100g. The other nutritional components – carbohydrate, fat, total ash and fiber did not vary. With regard to the physical appearance, variations were found with regard to colour of the seed coat ranging from cream to black , however, no variation in the nutritional components was observed. Further 12 samples were selected based on high fat, protein, carbohydrate, crude fiber and low in moisture for minerals, dietary fiber , amylose and amylopectin contents. Copper and zinc were estimated by AAS, sodium and potassium were analysed by flame emission spectrophotometry, amylose and amylopectin was estimated colorimetrically while, dietary fiber was estimated by enzymatic- gravimetric method. The mean Na, K , Cu and Zn content of the samples were 2.83, 0.26, 0.377 and 4.67 mg/100g respectively The mean amylose and amylopectin contents were 2.93 and 26.7 g/100g respectively. The mean total dietary fiber content was 8.83g/100g and the mean soluble and insoluble fractions were respectively 3.21 and 5.62 g/100g.

Keywords: panicum sumatrense, nutritional component, spectrophotometery method PSCN-64

Impact of educational intervention on practice, for prevention of Iodine Deficiency Disorder in Dharwad taluk, Karnataka

Aruna. R.T and Sarojani.J.K

1Department of Food and Nutrition, Rural Home Science College, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, and 2Department of Food and Nutrition (KVK), University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad.

Email : aruna.timmapur@gmail.com, sarojani_100@rediffmail.com

Present study was to identify impact of educational intervention on knowledge and practice regarding Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD). The sample consisted of 240 urban and rural women from SHGs were selected randomly. Personal information schedules were prepared and used to collect the data. Sample were educated on the importance of using iodised salt 100 percent the results revealed that there is a good practice regarding usage and storage of iodised salt in rural area. So, imparting nutrition education plays an important role to promote consumption of iodised salt to prevent IDD.

Keywords: iodie deficiency disorder, iodised salt, nutrition education PSCN-65

Relationship of Food Security and National Nutritional Planning

Sudershan Chauhan1 and Smita Kumari2. 1Reader of Nutrition, Department of Home Science, Patna University, Patna. 2Research Scholar,

Department of Home Schience, Patna University, Patna. Email: smitanutr2011@gmail.com

Food insecurity is daily reality of hundred millions of people around the world. India’s high

economic growth rate in past decade has not been fully reflected in the health status of its people with 23.7 percent of its population undernourished (according to Global Hunger Index-2011).

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Hence there is a need of ensuring food and nutritional security to all citizens requires national planning. The relationship between economic growth and health is unidirectional with improving economic conditions leading to better health and nutritional intake as health is “economic engine” for economic development. So public policy should be targeted and supported for nutrition improving interventions. The strategic options are ensuring food availability, access through public distribution system, nutrition programmes and employment growth to improve buying capacity, by creating awareness with regard to micronutrient rich foods to prevent hidden hunger and malnutrition. The sustainable solutions include food based approaches including diet diversity, food fortification and distribution of Vitamin ‘A’ capsules, iron tablets and use of iodized salt etc. Issues and policies on access to food and nutrition to attain nutrition security by educating the masses about maternal and child health care practices, safe drinking water and sanitation, improving cooking practices, hygiene practices, behavioural modification. The indirect determinants of under nutrition need improvement by not only enriching food grains but by providing adequate diet according to recommended dietary allowances without nutrient-based discrimination and preventing seasonal food insecurity. Programme designing focusing on the problem and implementation of programme through reforms shifted to more efficient delivery systems of public services with better governess is very important functioning of food based programmes. Social mobilization, community participation and decentralized approaches are necessary options. Formative research, interdepartmental coordination is imperative in planning, implementation and sustainable initiatives can help to reduce the incidence of hidden hunger. Food Security Bill, a dream project of Central Government, a magic that will banish the specter of hunger from the land by improving delivery mechanism, transparency so that poor get real benefit of subsidy, price stabilization and ensure food to impoverished families responsibly with greater accountability to make India hunger free Keywords: food security, nutritional planning, malnutrition prevalence hunger PSCN-66

Dietary Patterns in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with Special Reference to Antioxidant intake

Lavanya Parthasarathy, Anuradha Khadilkar, Shashi Chiplonkar, Vaman Khadilkar, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, 32, Sassoon Road, Pune.

Email: parthasarathy.lavanya@gmail.com

Complications related to DM impair the endogenous antioxidant system. Further, dietary restrictions imposed on a diabetic child, narrow down food choices. This may lead to micronutrient antioxidant deficiencies. Studies in dietary patterns and micronutrient antioxidant intake of diabetics are scarce. The objective of the present study was to assess dietary patterns of diabetic children with age-sex matched healthy controls with special reference to micronutrient antioxidant intake. Anthropometry, diet (3-day recall) were measured in 60 diabetics and controls. Dietary patterns were determined by principal component analysis (PCA). Mean age of DM group/ controls was 10.6 ± 3.4 years. DM group had higher intakes of milk, fruits, vegetables and lower intakes of refined cereals, pulses, animal products than controls (p<0.05). All 5 diet patterns revealed by PCA in DM group contained micronutrient rich foods (fruits, vegetables). Amongst 6 dietary patterns in controls, only 2 included fruits/ vegetables. All children failed to meet recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for energy (1568±446 Kcals,82% RDA), but exceeded protein (39.6±13gm,115% RDA) and fat (43.7±6gm,133%RDA) RDA. Diabetics consumed significantly

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lesser dietary fats (40.5 ± 13.6gm vs 46.8±17.7gm, p<0.05). Both groups did not meet RDA for micronutrient intake. Calcium (651.6 ± 272.0mg vs 442.7 ±245.4mg), vitamin C (34.18± 23.26mg vs 23.25±15.09mg), and zinc (5.47±2.09mg vs 4.49±2.11mg) intakes were significantly higher amongst diabetics (p<0.05). Consumption of fruits and vegetables was higher amongst diabetics, possibly attributable to a regulated diet. There is a need to encourage all children to consume more micronutrient rich foods to improve antioxidant status and less fatty foods.

Keywords: diabetic, micro-nutrient, antioxidant

PSCN-67

Screening of Adolescent Girls of Dharwad Taluk for Iron Status

Mamata Dalavi, Pushpa Bharati, Kasturiba B. and Netravathi Yattinamani Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rural Home Science College,

University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Karnataka, India. Email: dalavimamata@gmail.com, pcb02@rediffmail.com

Adolescent girls constitute a very important sector of our society as they are our potential

mothers and future homemakers. During adolescent period of human growth, due to growth spurt the risk of iron deficiency and anaemia appears to be higher for boys and girls and in girls it continues during the reproductive life. The present study was carried out with an objective to find out the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls of Dharwad taluk. A total of 350 adolescent girls of 12 to 18 years were selected from rural Dharwad. Haemoglobin estimation was carried out by Cyanomethaemoglobin method (Varley, 1976) using capillary blood. Overall mean haemoglobin and prevalence of anaemia were analyzed by using frequencies and percentages. Results revealed that mean hemoglobin ranged from 8.4mg/dl in 12 year old girls to 10.5mg/dl in 16 year old. Hemoglobin value increased with advancement of age. Irrespective of age, around 20 per cent of the girls were normal with 70 percent having mild anaemia. None of the 12 year old girls were in moderate or severe anaemic category. Higher percent of girls belonging to 13, 14 and 15 years were normal with around one per cent of them, being severely anaemic. Ten percent of 16 year old girls were severely anaemic. Hence, it is necessary to educate the public, in general and adolescent girls, in particular regarding importance of consumption of iron rich foods to improve iron status.

Keywords: iron status, adolescent girls, hemoglobin, anaemia.

PSCN-68 The Role of Tribal Farmwomen in Improving Household Food &

Nutrition Security in Dumka District of Jharkhand

Seema Singh Subject Matter Specialist (Home Science), KVK, Dumka, Jharkhand

Email: seema21jan@gmail.com

Achieving Food & Nutrition security refers to access by all people to safe and nutritious food in adequate quantities, to meet their dietary needs and lead an active life. A nutritional study of a person means accessibility to resources for food and translating the obtained food into satisfactory nutritional levels i.e. in terms of carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, minerals and fibers. Women from tribal area may have an important role in establishing food habits of the families, proper nutrition for good health in the family. The tribal women, particularly need to be educated.

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The specific objective of this study was to assess tribal women’s role to their household food and nutrition status in Dumka district. Data were collected from 120 farmwomen, from purposively selected from five villages of Dumka district, during the Year 2009-11. The study revealed the positive impact on food and nutrition security of the households through training on low cost food processing technology, Mahila Gosthi, Nutrition awareness by celebration of Nutrition week at district, block and village level, Exhibitions of local food products of maize, madua, kudrum, barbatti, ber, bel, jackfruit, tomato, potato, khajur etc. in Hizlaw Mela i.e. traditional Mela of Santhal Paragana region, Food demonstration etc. The skill and knowledge that women acquired from training and various extension activities are accelerated for improving food and nutrition security of the household. The purpose of this study improvement of the household food and nutrition security refers to the expanding availability and accessibility of nutritionally rich food for sustainability. In this regard this study has indicated tribal farmwomen in Dumka district, play a vital role in improving their household food and nutrition security, as they contribute to food production, enhance dietary quality and diversity in consumption. Therefore, based on the findings in this paper, the major policy implication is that potential role of tribal farmwomen in this context can greatly be enhanced through adoption of supportive national and local developmental policy.

Keywords: tribal, farm women, household food security, nutrition security, nutrition awareness

PSCN-69

Adoption of Behavior Change Communication Strategy for Food Security: Andhra Pradesh Academy of Rural Development’s Initiative with Bharat Nirman Volunteers

Chandramouli. K, R. Arunjyothi, VSS.Prasad

AMR-APARD, Hyderabad Email: peshi_apard@gmail.com, jyothipunjala@gmail.com

Food security as defined by WHO in three facets: food availability, food access, and food

use and the fourth facet, the stability of the first three dimensions as added by FAO demands for a holistic approach. AMR- Andhra Pradesh Academy of Rural Development (APARD), the State’s Apex Training Institute for Panchayat Raj and Rural Development Departments has launched an innovative initiative under the banner KEYCAP which stands for KNOWLEDGEABLE AND EMPOWERED YOUTH IS THE KEY TO COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN ANDHRA PRADESH to bridge the gap and to take the programmes designed in the lab to the community i.e., to the land. The programme aims to empower the community, socially, politically and economically through a committed cadre of volunteers called Bharat Nirman Volunteers (BNVs). An attempt has been made by APARD through community participation in bringing about behavioral change among the people towards food security. Initially three villages falling in three regions of Andhra Pradesh were purposively selected on pilot basis. The BNVs of three villages formed Nutrition and health committees with the villagers and facilitated in conducting hemoglobin test for women with the help of local Primary Health Centres, conducted focus group discussions to elicit the information on the history of the foods consumed (time series analysis), awareness on the available schemes for food security. Orientation camps and demonstrations were organized by the Food and Nutrition Board, and development of the kitchen gardens by Krishi Vignana Kendras (KVKs). The inputs by nutritional specialists and functionaries on the importance of the traditional foods and the available schemes for the revival of the crops have triggered the interests of the villagers and many of the households have experimented with the kitchen gardens. The present

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paper presents the process followed; results achieved by engaging the local communities, to practice sustainable methods towards food security.

Keywords: food security, adoption behavior, communication strategy, rural development PSCN-70

Trends in Food Security: Understanding and the Challenge of Poverty

Prasad.T.M Dept. of Sociology. S.V. University, TIRUPATI

Email: tmaruthiprasad2@gmail.com

The Food security as physical and economic access at all times, to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life." That every individual has the physical, economic, social and environmental access to a balanced diet that includes the necessary macro and micronutrients, safe drinking water, sanitation, environmental hygiene, primary healthcare and education so as to lead a healthy and productive life. Food security exists at the individual, family, national and global levels when all people at all times have physical and economic access to enough safe and nutritious food in order to cover their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Per caput dietary energy supply (DES) increased from 2370 kcal/day in 1990-92 to 2440 kcal/day in 2001-03, and prevalence of under-nourishment in total population decreased correspondingly from 25 to 20 per cent. Life expectancy at birth in 2005/06 was over 63 and 66 years respectively for males and females against 58 and 59 years in 1986-91 (Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, 2007).The physical availability of food for everyone. Economic and physical access to food, basic needs (health, education,) etc. The stability of food supply over time (short/medium/long term). The majority of the billion people affected by hunger live in rural areas. The rural poor (e.g. small farmers, landless farm labourers) are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity. Malnutrition is by far the leading risk factor facing children under five years old. Each year it kills 3.4 million of them – by way of comparison one million children die each year from malaria. At present 32% of children less than five years old in low/middle-income countries suffer from chronic malnutrition. 10% of children under five years old suffer from acute malnutrition. Of these, 3.5% suffer from severe acute malnutrition, which is often the criterion used in order to decide emergency responses. Prioritize local or triangular purchases as much as possible in developing countries, Promote local production and trade; encourage the integration of regional trade between developing countries. The problem by removing it from its context or by neglecting the other aspects which influence malnutrition: poverty and low incomes, access to drinking water, hygiene, access to healthcare, medicines, education, etc. It was also noted that the food security problem is unlikely to disappear in the coming decades and that surprises may indeed arise in the future. �

Keywords: poverty, food security, malnutrition

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FREE COMMUNICATIONS - POSTER PRESENTATIONS

CLINICAL NUTRITION PSCLN – 1

Weekend TPN : Alternative to Partial Home TPN for Short Bowel Syndrome

Swarna Vyas, Daksha Chandorkar G I Surgery, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal.

Patients with SBS and require long term TPN. Patient is 32 years male underwent

exploratory laparotomy and was found to have superior mesenteric artery thrombosis with gangrene of small bowel. “Weekend TPN therapy” by this method we replace weekly deficit of fluid, electrolyte, calorie and proteins over weekend. The patient was able to perform his duties for 5 Years after his operation. His LFT & KFT remained normal. Gall or Kidney stones are not shown. He had hypercoguable, inspite being on warfarin. He finally died due clotting of Cardiac vessels. This novel way of weekend TPN could be an alternative to partial Home TPN in Indian scenario.

Keywords: patients with SBS, Kidney stones, cardiac vessels

PSCLN – 2

A Study on Nutritional Status and Dietary Pattern of Non Insulin Dependent Diabetic Patients

Priyanka Pareek, Maya Choudhry,

Dept. of Foods and Nutrition, College of Home Science, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur.

Email: priyankafn1681@yahoo.com

Forty five non insulin dependent diabetic patients (45-65 years) of either sex, free from serious complications of diabetes were selected from Udaipur city (Rajasthan) to assess their nutritional status and dietary pattern. Information regarding background, family history and clinical history of patients was collected through a structured questionnaire. Diet history was collected using 24 hour recall and food frequency. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference was measured using standardized methods. Fasting, post prandial blood glucose, lipid profile and blood pressure of the subjects was measured. Data revealed that 53% subjects were between 45-55 years of age, male (71%), literate (93%), vegetarian (67%), from lower and middle income group (73%). Thirty percent of the subjects were smoking, consuming alcohol, tobacco and gutka chewing and 48% were doing exercise. More than fifty percent of the subjects were reported family history of diabetes. Mean values of fasting (160mg/dl), post prandial blood glucose (220mg/dl), systolic (141mm/hg) and diastolic blood pressure (95mm/hg) and lipid profile was higher among most of the subjects. Data shows that 31% were overweight and 27% subjects were obese and 40% male and 60% of female subjects were having higher waist hip ratio. The intake of fats and edible oils was more than adequate in all the subjects. The intake of fat, carotene, thiamin and vitamin C was adequate while intake of protein, carbohydrate, energy, fibre, iron, niacin, folic acid and calcium were inadequate. The data shows that the importance of lifestyle changes and adequate dietary intake is not entirely recognized by the diabetic patients.

Keywords: Diabetes, Diet history and 24 hour recall, consuming alcohol

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PSCLN – 3

Malnutrition in Hospitalised Patients and Guidelines to Improve Nutritional Theraphy

Prema gowri. B 1 and T.Sathiya veenai2

1Dept. of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2Department of Administration, Dr. Mohan’s diabetes specialities centre, Coimbatore.

Email: msgpremagowri@gmail.com

Malnutrition in hospitalised patients is neither rare nor new occurring in 40-55 percent of hospitalised patients with 12 percent of them being severely malnourished. The negative impact of malnutrition has been high lightened by early classic report as “the skeleton in hospital closet”. The present study was undertaken with an aim to assess the overall nutritional status, to apply Subjective Global Assessment and Nutrition Risk Index to selected hospitalised patients, to determine possible correlations between pre and post-operative and to provide guidelines to improve nutritional therapy in selected hospitals. Overall Nutritional assessment data were obtained and analysed for Five hundred male and female patients undergoing orthopedic surgical procedures including total knee replacement, multiple trauma and femur fracture. Selected patients were evaluated consecutively; the complete nutritional assessment protocol was completed in each patient preoperatively and on 2nd, 9th and19th day post operatively or until the patient was discharged. It was found that an average of 48.5 percent per patient had incidences of clinical and subclinical malnutrition. The lowest incidence of nutritional depletion was identified in patients who underwent total knee replacement (29.6 percent), followed by elective surgical group (37.3 percent) and patients with multiple trauma and other femoral fractures (61.6 percent). Loss of immunocompetence was found in patients of trauma and major surgery. A significant (p< 0.05) correlation between subnormal nutritional indices and development of complications was identified. More over rational guidelines of nutritional assessment and support can have beneficial effect on the cost effectiveness, risk-benefit and cost-benefit ratio.

Keywords: malnutrition, orthopedic surgical, immunocompetence PSCLN – 4

Patients Perception of the Nutrition Services in Registered Hospitals of Srinagar

Nayera Masoodi, Veenu Seth, Kalyani Singh

Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Lady Irwin College Delhi University. New Delhi 110001. Email: nayeramasoodi@yahoo.co.in

Patient perception of nutrition services is one yardstick to measure success of the services

provided in hospitals. Very few studies in India are done for assessing satisfaction of patients with hospital nutrition services. In the present study, perception of 155 patients (male and female) across 11 hospitals in Srinagar was assessed using a pre scheduled interview schedule, to know their opinions on hospital diet, place of having meals, assistance at meal times, meal timings, meal palatability, nutrition counseling, food quality, variety in meals and hygiene of meals and service staff. Salient findings of the study revealed that most patients (97%) were on hospital diets and 45% patients were satisfied by the hospital nutrition services while 55% showed a negative response. Only 2/3rd of patients found meals palatable although texture, smell, menu, and portion size were found to be mostly appropriate. One fourth of patients sometimes missed meals, if not

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well. Food was reported mostly clean and hygienic. Need for improvement was expressed in variety, meal wrapping, use of proper equipment, with greater involvement of nurses /or dieticians in feeding assistance and monitoring food intake. Availability of drinking water needed to be facilitated. Lack of dietary counseling and nutritional assessment was found to be an area which needs improvement. This study thus highlights the lacunae in nutrition services perceived by the major stakeholder, the patients, in Srinagar hospitals and the need for the hospital management to be sensitized to these aspects, if patient care is to be optimized.

Keywords: patient perception, food quality, meal wrapping, srinagar hospital PSCLN - 5

Catharanthus Roseus Salvages Diabetics

Keerthi. BH.V. and A.Jyoyhi, Department of Home Science, Sri Padmavathi Mahila University. Tirupati

Diabetes mellitus is a major endocrine disorder affecting nearly 10 present of the

population all over the world. Since time immemorial, patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus have been treated orally by folklore with a variety of plant extracts. Catharanthus roseus is known with various names in India and all over the world. All parts of the plant have been used in regional herbal medicine, including the dried root, leaves, flowers and stalks. Catharanthus leaves are subshrub also known as a Madagascar periwinkle. The plant C.roseus has gained acceptance from the pharmaceutical industries, as it is widely used as an infusion in different parts of the world, to treat diabetes. The fresh juice from the flowers of C.roseus, made into a tea, has been used by ayurvedic physicians in India. Hot water decoction of the leaves and/or the whole plant is used for the treatment of diabetes in several countries. Significant anti-hyper glycemic activities of the leaf alcoholic extract, aqueous extract, and the di-chloro methane–methanol extract of leaves and twinges have been reported in laboratory animals. Fresh leaf juice of C.roseus has been reported to reduce blood glucose in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. The alcoholic extracts of leaves have the blood sugar lowering activity and the leaf powder is efficient in managing the hyper-glycemia. Leurisine and vindoline are the extracts of C.roseus which can be used as insulin substitute, because these reduce hyper-glycemia on diabetic patient. Alkaloids used in modern medicine are extracted from the whole dried plant. Hence it can be incorporated in food material in preventing diabetic complications and serve as a good adjuvant in the present armamentarium of the anti-diabetic drugs.

Keywords: Diabetics, Catharanthus, C.roseus, Alkaloids PSCLN – 6

Impact of Iron Enriched Supplementation in Anaemic Adolescent Girls

Sai Ranjini. V and Meera M Dept. of Home Science, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur- 515001.

Email: meeramanik@yahoo.com

Adolescent girls form an extremely important segment of any society and prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls is a matter of great concern. To study the effect of iron enriched supplementation mix on haematological status of 30 anaemic adolescent girls whose blood haemoglobin levels were low (6 – 10 gm/dl) in the age group of 16 – 18 years were selected for the study. Their background information, anthropometry, dietary and health status was assessed.

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Iron enriched snack mix was formulated using garden cress seeds, Bengal gram, rice flakes, and jaggery and analysed for its proximate composition, mineral, antioxidant, anti nutrients and invitro iron availability using standard procedures. Acceptability test was carried out and Supplementation of iron enriched snack mix (40 gm/day) was given for anaemic adolescent girls for 30 days for experimental group (20 girls) and other 10 were used as control samples. The effect of supplementation on the blood haemoglobin, serum iron and packed cell volume was statistically significant on supplementation. Unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) decreased significantly upon supplementation. Nutrition education was also given to adolescent girls and the impact was studied. The results of the study indicated that supplementation of iron enriched snack mix along with nutrition education improved the iron status of selected anaemic adolescent girls.

Keywords: anaemia, iron enriched, anthropometry, supplementation

PSCLN – 7

Insulin Secretion Rates in Healthy Adult Indian Male as Derived by Deconvolution

Kishor Bhat1, Uma S Unni1, T. S. Sridhar1, and Anura Kurpad1. 1 St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore India.

Email: myprostheticsoul@gmail.com Insulin secretion rate [ISR] cannot be measured directly due to the natural half-life of insulin, is clearance by the kidneys, and is absorption by the liver. In order to measure insulin release, more sophisticated techniques are required. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test [OGTT] was performed on 12 healthy normal weight adult males with 1 g of Glucose /kg body weight and 2 g/ kg. Measurements of C-peptide, Insulin and Glucose were taken over three hours. Using an algorithm proposed by Van Cauter et al. in 1992, ISR was calculated. Using a regression analysis, the data was then segregated into insulin produced by the Static Process [SP] and insulin produced by the Dynamic Process [DP]. Insulin production over the three hour period was found to be 2907 ± 655 pmol/L over three hours when 1g/kg was administered. SP accounted for 3030 ± 672 pmol/L and DP accounted for 108 ± 181 pmol/L. When administered 2g/kg, subjected secreted 3687 ± 912 pmol/L over three hours, of which SP accounted for 3353 ± 1586 pmol/L and DP accounted for 77 ± 66 pmol/L. This is consistent with data published in the literature.

Keywords: insulin, sophisticated technique, regression analysis PSCLN – 8

A Review on Herbs and Dietary Supplements for Glycemic Control in Diabetes

Jalajakumari. D, Dept.of Foods and Nutritional Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna Univeristy, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.

Email: jalaja9krishna@yahoo.com Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood glucose level (hyperglycaemia) and the only cause is insufficient or inefficient insulin secretory response. DM is not one disease but is a heterogonous group of syndromes. There are approximately 410 experimentally proven medicinal plants having antidiabetic properties but the complete mechanism of action is available only for approximately 113 plants. Glucose is the main energy source for our body and in the case of DM, management of glucose becomes irregular. There are several medicinal plants whose extract modulate different pathways such as glycolysis, Krebs cycle,

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gluconeogenesis, HMP shunt pathway, glycogen synthesis and their degradation, cholesterol synthesis, metabolism and absorption of carbohydrates, synthesis and release of insulin, aldose reductase pathway and free radical scavenging action in the human body. A comprehensive review is provided for the mode of action of medicinal plants that exhibit antidiabetic properties.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, diabetes, hyperglycemia PSCLN – 9

Flaxseed (Linum usitattissimum L.) for Brain Development and Functioning

Jubismita Goswami, Bharati V. Chimmad, Meenu Preethi B, Sneha Sheth College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580005

Email: jubismita@gmail.com

Flax seed synonym Linseed (Linum usitattissimum L.) is a minor oilseed crop grown extensively for its fibre and oil. It is cultivated and consumed in parts of north Karnataka and south Maharashtra. Nutritionally it is important for its exceptionally high concentration of omega 3 fatty acids (23g/100g). It also contributes good amount of dietary fibre (22.8g/100g), protein (20g/100g), vitamins and minerals. The alpha linolenic acid (ALA) of flax is an important precursor of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The DHA and EPA are important for development of brain starting from intra uterine stage and are essential for maintaining normal brain functioning throughout life cycle. The DHA is main component of grey matter of brain which plays significant role in cognition, memory and learning abilities. DHA and EPA are required for signalling neurotransmitters of the central nervous system. Omega 3 fatty acids of flaxseed promote better academic performance in childhood. Role of omega 3 fatty acids of flax is found in preventing neurodevelopmental disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, memory loss and dementia in older population. Hence promotion of flaxseed for health benefits is a wise advice for vegetarians.

Keywords: Flax seed, brain functioning, neuro-developmental disorders PSCLN – 10

Minor Oilseed Flax for Major Health Benefits

Jubismita Goswami, Bharati V. Chimmad, Sneha Sheth, Meenu Preethi B. College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580005

Email: jubismita@gmail.com Flaxseed or Linseed (Linum usitattissimum L.) is an important rabi oilseed crop grown

extensively in Karnataka, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh for its oil used in paint industries and fiber in manufacture of linen. Its consumption as habitual food commodity is restricted to parts of north Karnataka and south Maharashtra. Nutritionally it is a miracle grain owing to its nutritional and nutraceutical components which have been proved to exert immense health benefits. It is an exceptionally rich source of omega 3 fatty acids (23g/100g), dietary fibre (22.8g/100g), lignans, vitamins and minerals. Research has revealed that flax seed promotes growth, vision, immunity, brain development and its functioning, besides being cardioprotective. It has been documented that the omega 3 fatty acids reduce the risk of preterm deliveries, inflammation conditions such as asthma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine headaches

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and osteoporosis. Benefits of flax seed in prevention of attention deficit hyperactivity, Alzheimer disease, dementia, schizophrenia, mood disorders and menopausal disorders are well documented. Studies depict that fibres and lignans of flax makes it useful in preventing constipation, delaying gastric emptying, reducing serum cholesterol and lowering the risk stroke. Important aspect of flax seed is in its being as the most important economic vegetarian source of omega 3 fats. The daily recommended dose of omega 3 can easily be fulfilled by incorporating flax in the habitual diets in the form as chutney powder or in wheat flour. Thus, it is time to revive the consumption of flax seed for numerous health benefits.

Keywords: flax seed, nutraceutical, brain development, omega 3 fatty acids

PSCLN - 11

A Study on Overweight, Obesity and Blood Pressure Levels in Adolescent School Children

Geetha. P1, G. Sudhakar2, R. Hemalatha2, RK. Anuradha2 and KK Reddy1,

1Dept. of Anthropology, 2Department of Home Science, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati Childhood Obesity is a major public health problem globally because of the changing lifestyles. In the present study an attempt has been made to assess the overweight, obesity and hypertension in adolescent school children’s in and around Tirupati, Chittoor District, A.P. A total of 2258 adolescent school children in the age range of 12 to16 years were screened. Information on demographic profiles and life styles were collected from all the respondents. Further, individuals anthropometric measurements like height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference & systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were assessed as per the standard procedures. Suitable stastical tools were applied to draw the inference. Females posses significant higher body mass index than males. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure levels were found to increase with increase in age (p<0.05). The subjects were classified into underweight, obesity and hypertension based on 85th & 95th percentiles of the reference data. Overall 27% of the subjects were classified as overweight/obesity. The prevalence of hypertension was 10.2% in males and 9.2% in females. The prevalence of systolic hypertension was 6.2% in males and 4.8 % in females. The diastolic hypertension was 5.0 % in males and 5.5% in females. In conclusion, the study reveals the alarming trend of overweight/obesity and hypertension among the adolescents. Hence policy measures are warranted to reduce the condition.

Keywords: childhood obesity, hypertension, adolescents

PSCLN – 12

Formulation of Soy and Millet based Recipes and Study of Glycemic Index

Chithra. R and C. Chethana Dept. of Nutrition and Dietetics,PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-14,

E-mail: chithramuthu18@yahoo.co.in

Millets and soy products based kichdi, kolukattai, soy curd mixed millets, Tofu paratha, nutriballs, roti, dhokla, breakfast flakes and grits with soy milk and buttermilk were prepared, standardized, organoleptically evaluated and the nutritive value was determined by factorial method. The Glycemic index and Glycemic load of millets-soy kichdi and mixed millets with soy

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curd were determined. Almost all the food items formulated were highly acceptable. The energy value of soy-ragi roti topped the list by recording 359 kcal. followed by soy millets dhokla (358 kcal). The carbohydrate content of these recipes ranged between 23g (breakfast flakes and grits with buttermilk) and 57g (millets soy kolukkattai). The protein content was the highest in millets-soy kichidi. This was because of incorporation of soy granules. Soy-ragi roti and soy-millets dhokla had the highest amount of fats than all the other items. The fibre content of millets soy kichdi was 4.4g% followed by millets-soy-kolukattai (3.2g %). The iron content of formulated recipes ranged from 3 to 7mg% with soy-millets dhokla ranking first and the calcium content from 24 to 219 mg% with soy-ragi roti topping the list. The quantity of vitamins viz., �-carotene, vitamin B1, B2, B3 and C content of the formulated recipes was satisfactory. The Glycemic index of the Millets Soy kollukattai was 43.5 (low GI) and the Glycemic load was 17.4 (medium GL). The Glycemic index of the Mixed Millets with soy curd was found to be 49.02 (low GI) and the Glycemic load was 14.15 (medium GL).

Keywords: soy millets, glycemic index

PSCLN – 13

Mushrooms – Nature’s Gift to Human Health

Nisha, Deepika and Vibha Bhatnagar, College of Home Science, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan.

Email: nishaduttajsr@gmail.com

The world of natural health has an abundance of botanicals, vitamins, minerals and supplements to help fight illness and boost the immune system. Mushrooms are valuable health food – low in calories, high in vegetables proteins, chitin, iron, zinc, fibre, essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Mushrooms are widely consumed in many countries as a delicacy, owing to their attractive taste, aroma and nutritional values. Nutritionally mushrooms are high in protein, vitamin and mineral contents and a low-fat level. Recently, they have become increasingly attractive as functional foods for their potential beneficial effects on human health. Numerous studies have portrayed the fact that different mushroom species are of great value in prevention and treatment of a number of diseases. Mushrooms also known as the meat of the vegetarian world has different bioactive compounds which are responsible for their antioxidant, antitumor / anticancer, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antiatherogenic and hypoglycemic reported properties. Historical traditions and the extensive research prove the preventive and therapeutic properties of many mushroom species in several diseases like CVD, diabetics, cancer and bone related diseases.

Keywords: mushrooms, high protein, functional foods, hypoglycemic.

PSCLN – 14

Effects of L-Carnitine in Weight Management among Overweight and Obese Adults – A Comparative Study in Chennai and Tirupati

Kalpana1, Aruna2

1,2Dept. of Home Science, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visva Vidyalayam, Tirupati Email: Kalpanaprasad_ks@yahoo.co.in

Obesity is a global epidemic disease and is recognized as a major public health problem in

India. Urbanization, Improved economical status, modernization and sedentary life style are some

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of the factors thought to underlie the epidemic. There is immediate need to treat the issue as Obesity is the major causative factor for many non-communicable diseases. The important strategies for weight management would be diet and Physical activity. But recently many other treatments evolved like behavior modification, weight loss nutritional supplements, non clinical weight management programs, medically managed weight-loss and surgical treatment. L-Carnitine, a vitamin like substance naturally synthesized in our body has gained much importance as weight loss nutritional supplement in treating Obesity as L-carnitine plays an important role in our body to transport fatty acids for its oxidation. As any other vitamin L-Carnitine is also naturally present in foods and the most in animal foods. Hence the study was undertaken to compare the rate of weight loss among overweight and obese individuals before and after supplementation of L-Carnitine (1000mg/day) for 30 days. The study was conducted in Chennai city and Tirupathi town. A total of 600 study samples were included for the study. Of which 50 percent were in experimental group supplemented with L-Carnitine along diet and physical activity. The remaining 50 percent were control group without supplementation on Diet and Physical activity program. The anthropometric data, body composition analysis and Dietary intake assessment were conducted before and after the period of supplementation among both the groups. Then statistical analyses were done from the collected data and further results were interpreted.

Keywords: obesity, causative factor, L-Carnitine, the anthropometric data, statistical analysis

PSCLN – 15

Dietary Spirulina-a Functional Food Supplement in Management of Diabetics

Sowjanya.M and Manjula.K Dept. of Home Science, S.V. University, Tirupati

Diabetes mellitus affecting 285 million adults in 2010 and will increase to77 percent and

439 million adults by 2030.India leads top rank i.e 31.7 million peoples affected in 2000 and 79.4 million are going to affect with diabetes mellitus in 2030.China and United States of America are in second and third ranks in the World prevalence rate of diabetes. Due to rapid industrialization, urbanization and mechanization large percent of adults are beingdisposed to one or the other chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, cancer, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and many heart diseases. The health status of individual is influenced by lifestyle, genetic, diet and environmental factors.Apart from the other contributing factors, changing dietary habits such as highly processed foods, junk foods etc are more influencing the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Functional food and dietary supplements are essential to meet the nutrient requirements and demands of modern world.Spirulina is one such functional food and dietary supplement which is 100 percent natural product with all the good qualities that nature has to offer.Spirulina is also known as super food as it provides a whole spectrum of vitamins and minerals, along with other essential and vital nutrients.Spirulina also act as a therapeutic supplement in controlling and treating diabetes mellitus.Food based strategies always had a sustained impact in health management and disease prevention. Hence spirulina is using as dietary supplement in diabetes mellitus management and the study is in process.

Keywords: Diabetes, spirulina, functional food, supplementation

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PSCLN – 16

Impact of Food on Behaviour of Children

Neeraja. P, K. Anuradha, G. Vani Prashanthi Dept. of Home Science, S.V. University, Tirupati.

Child development is dependent on multiple factors including good nutrition. Nutrition provides the building blocks for brain development. Thus, it has a strong influence on cognitive and fine and gross motor skill development, educational attainment, and psychosocial disorders and is linked to a child’s nutritional status along with linguistic and social development and self-regulation. Adequate nutrients are required to support rapid growth and development of children during young age and therefore even mild nutritional deficits during critical periods of brain development could be detrimental. There are a number of ways in which food can influence behaviour, including malnutrition, types of diet, eating habits, pharmacological effects, food allergy, fatty acid deficiency and possibly food additives. The range of behaviour affected is also wide, and includes attention, conduct disorder and mood.

Although the precise cause-and-effect relationship between different foods and moods has yet to be fully understood, many people have found they can link eating (or not eating) certain foods with how they feel. Significant improvement to a wide range of mental health problems can result from making changes to the food that is consumed. There have been reports of improvements in behaviours viz., mood swings, anxiety, panic attacks, cravings or food 'addictions', depression (including post-natal depression), irritable or aggressive feelings, concentration, memory difficulties, pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS), obsessive-compulsive feelings, eating disorders, psychotic episodes, insomnia, fatigue, behavioural and learning disorders, and seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Children are suffering from behavioral and learning disorders because their diets are deficient in vital nutrients needed for their brains to function normally. The present paper throws light on studies which showed the impact of food on different behaviours of children with special reference to learning disability.

Keywords: child development, psychosocial disorders, child behaviour

PSCLN – 17

Spirulina platensis, a wonder nutritional gift by the nature to human beings

Ayya Raju, M. and Murthy, S.D.S. Department of Biochemistry, S.V.University, Tirupati-517 502

Email:sdsmurthy@gmail.com Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira) is a blue green algae (recently cyanobacterium) has widely

used for the production of proteins (70%) for human beings (Kanembu), animal feed and is available in tablet, flake and powder form. In 1947 United Nations declared Spirulina as "THE BEST FOOD FOR TOMORROW". The organism contain water soluble proteins (Phycobiliproteins) which are in blue colour and can act as colour source for food. These proteins are consists of essential and non essential amino acids which can act as nitrogen reservoirs. In addition consists of trace elements and antioxidants such as � - carotene, phycocyanin. Antioxidants in Spirulina are the most powerful scavengers of free radicals in the body. Thus, Spirulina can prevent diabetes, cancer, heart problems, viral diseases and mental stress. This organism has been already exploited for several biochemical and biophysical investigations by the scientists. By

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keeping the above points this has been widely used as a food source in Mexico and Africa. Hence this organism is considered as “wonder gift by god to the nature”.

Keywords: spirulina, antioxidants, free radicals

PSCLN –18

Trials of Multivitamins/Antioxidant and Nutritional Supplements in Parkinson’s Disease Patients

Mala Manral1, Madhuri Behari2 , S Vivekanandhan3, Saima Naz Siddiqui4

All India Institute of Medical Sciences1, New Delhi Email : manralmala.12@gmail.com

Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients frequently lose weight and are susceptible to

malnutrition. The study undertaken is to assess the nutritional status of PD patients and effects of multivitamin / antioxidant supplements. Ninety patients (age 59.07+9.07 years) attending movement clinic in the Department of Neurology. A.I.I.M.S were recruited.. Group A (experimental) consisted of 50 patients given multi/antioxidant vitamins along the anti-parkinsonian drugs and Group B (control) consisted of 40 patients age(59.9+9.9 years) who were given only anti-parkinsonian drugs. Biochemical estimation included iron, total iron binding capacity(TIBC), total protein; albumin and ascorbic acid were done at baseline and at six month In Group A there was a significant increase in the weight of PD patients at the time of follow up (63.25+13.10kgs) as compared to the baseline level (58.37+8.34kgs). In group B there was significant reduction in the weight of the PD Patients at the time of follow up (58.53+9.6kg) as compared to baseline (59.7+10.11kg). 31% of the patients were malnourished, 67% were at the risk of malnutrition and 2% were well nourished. Mean daily energy intake was below RDA for males (1873kcal+89) and females (1714kcal+308). Mean daily intake of protein was below RDA for males (57g+12) and females (49g+14). Mean daily intake for calcium and niacin intake for iron, thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin-C was above RDA. An increase in ascorbic level, TIBC and total protein level was found to be high with respect to baseline samples. Nutritional interventions and counseling should be a part of treatment in order to prevent nutritional deficiencies.

Keywords: multivitamins, malnutrition, parkinson’s disease PSCLN –19

Nutritional and Lifestyle Factors for the Risk Assessment of Osteoporosis in Pre and Post Menopausal Women

Dipti Chowdhary, Jasvinder Kaur Sangha and Kiran Grover

Dept. of Food and Nutrition, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana Email: dipti@pau.edu

A study was undertaken to assess the incidence of osteoporosis and risk factors

associated with osteoporosis in pre and post menopausal women. Preliminary data of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) was collected from 200 subjects having age 35-59 years and for further detailed study 80 subjects were randomly selected and divided into two groups (pre and post menopausal) on the basis of their menopausal status. Information was collected from selected subjects on various aspects like reproductive histroy, anthropometry, dietary etc. 60% and 53% of the pre and post menopausal subjects were found to be osteopenic and osteoporosis was

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observed in 19% post menopausal group and 3% in pre menopausal group respectively. Age (r=-0.388) and hysterectomy (r=-0.49) came out to be underlying reason for low BMD status of the subjects as both were negatively correlated with BMD. The information revealed that the presence of medical problems were higher in post menopausal group as compare to pre menopausal group. High BMI (-0.393) and more Body (r=-0.306) fat posses adverse effect on BMD because of their negative correlation. A significant difference (p�0.05) was seen in the intake of milk and milk products, cereals and fruits between two groups. Higher intake of total fiber, calcium, phosphorus, chromium, sodium, potassium, zinc and � carotene was observed in pre menopausal group. Nutrients like protein (r=0.312) and calcium (r=0.318) were highly positively correlated with BMD along with zinc (r=0.235), vitamin A (r=0.241), energy (r=0.245) and total fiber (r=0.257), suggesting the importance of these nutrients in dietaries of women.

Keywords: osteoporosis, BMD, anthropometry PSCLN –20

A Comparative Study on the Supplementation of Almonds for Elderly Cholesterol Patients (60 -80 Years)

Sreeja. C., Sherin Mary, T

Dept. of Nutrition and Dietetics, Muslim Arts College, Thiruvithancode, Kanyakumari-629174. E-mail: sreejac.ram@gmail.com

A comparative study was done among cholesterol patients of 60 -80 years of age from

Kanyakumari district. 40 cholesterol patients were selected randomly from which each 20 patients who received 10 grams of almonds daily for a period of 60 days formed the experimental and the control group. The LDL, HDL total cholesterol and TGL level were measured before and after supplementation and were recorded within 60 days. For control group, initial LDL value was 199 and final was 199.7. For experimental group initial was 183.0 and final were 167.6. The assessment of HDL level of control group had 28.80 in initial and 29.50 in final stage. While comparing the initial and final HDL value of experimental group, the mean it was 29.45 and 54.45 respectively. The total cholesterol level assessed shows that control group had mean of 268.45 at initial and 269.60 at final stage and for experimental group 269.50 in initial and 236.15 in final stage. The TGL level shows initial of 217.80 and 227.80 in the final stage and for experimental group it was 207.55 in initial and 170.85 in final. In this study for the experimental group, the initial and final values for the assessment of LDL, HDL, total cholesterol and TGL was statistically significant at one per cent level while the increment was not statistically significant in the control group. The present study proves that almonds can be recommended for cholesterol patients because the phytosterol and vitamin E present in it lower the cholesterol level.

Keywords: almonds, supplementations, cholesterol, phytosterol

PSCLN –21

The vitamin D deficiency pandemic and consequences for nonskeletal health: mechanisms of action.

Anjali. M and Soumya. K.R

Dept. of Bio technology, Govt College for women, Kolar – 563101 Karnataka Email: soumyasri786@gmail.com

Vitamin D, the sunshine vitamin, is important for childhood bone health. Over the past two

decades, it is now recognized that vitamin D not only is important for calcium metabolism and

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maintenance of bone health throughout life, but also plays an important role in reducing risk of many chronic diseases including type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, deadly cancers, heart disease and infectious diseases. How vitamin D is able to play such an important role in health is based on observation that all tissues and cells in the body have a vitamin D receptor, and, thus, respond to its active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. However, this did not explain how living at higher latitudes and being at risk of vitamin D deficiency increased risk of these deadly diseases since it was also known that the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels are normal or even elevated when a person is vitamin D insufficient. Moreover, increased intake of vitamin D or exposure to more sunlight will not induce the kidneys to produce more 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. The revelation that the colon, breast, prostate, macrophages and skin among other organs have the enzymatic machinery to produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D provides further insight as to how vitamin D plays such an essential role for overall health and well being. This review will put into perspective many of the new biologic actions of vitamin D and on how 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is able to regulate directly or indirectly more than 200 different genes that are responsible for a wide variety of biologic processes. So by this we can conclude that vitamin D is very necessary for human life.

Keywords: vitamin D, metabolism, diabetes PSCLN –22

Dietary and Knowledge Profile of Diabetic Nephropathy Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Development of A Dietary Educational Aid

Anjali Kumar1 and Veenu Seth2

1Lady Irwin College, Delhi University, New Delhi, 2Department of Food & Nutrition,

Lady Irwin College, Delhi University, New Delhi Email: anjalijuly7@gmail.com

This study was conducted to assess the dietary and knowledge profile of diabetic

nephropathy patients undergoing hemodialysis, in view of scanty data in India in this area. A dietary educational booklet was also developed to strengthen understanding of their dietary recommendations better. Thirty such subjects, age 40-75 years, constituted the study sample. Pre-tested questionnaire, 24 hour diet recall, Food Frequency Questionnaire and case records constituted the data collection tools. The dietary educational booklet was given to the patients supported by counseling and their baseline knowledge (pretest) was compared with endline knowledge (post test) after exposure to the booklet for 15 days. Salient findings of the study revealed anorexia, oliguria and edema as common symptoms along with several biochemical aberrations. Only 70% subjects had received some dietary advice from a dietician, just once or twice. Dietary intake revealed inadequacies of several food groups except cereal, milk and eggs. Food selection from each group reflected incomplete knowledge, ranging from poor to fair knowledge of relevant nutrients sources. Variable nutrient intake reflected inadequacies of energy, calcium, niacin, folic acid, vitamin A and vitamin C, whereas protein, potassium, phosphorus, thiamine and riboflavin were fairly adequate. The patients faced problems in fluid, salt and sugar restriction, psychosocial problems and inadequate knowledge of many disease and diet related areas, which can impact diet adherence. The pre and post test findings showed significant positive effect of the educational booklet The findings provide a preliminary database for the improving the overall and dietary management in these subjects.

Keywords: nutrients, diabetes, dietary intake, hemodialysis

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PSCLN –23

Greentea - Is it A Boon or Bane to Cardiac Patients on Anticoagulants

Mamatha Philip G1, Kannan Eagappan2, Deena Sangeetha C2, Vivek N4 Ramalingam S5

Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, PSG College of Arts and Science,Coimbatore, 12. Dept of Pharmacology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, TamilNadu, 3

PSG Institute of Management Coimbatore, TamilNadu4 Department of Pharmacology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore 5

Email: mamathaphilip2010@gmail.com

Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant used in thrombo embolic disorders. Vitamin K is an essential co factor in the activation of clotting factors synthesized in liver (II , VII, IX, X). Warfarin acts by inhibiting the regeneration of active form of Vitamin K. Green tea, which is actively promoted as a natural remedy for numerous cardiovascular disorders contains a significant quantity of Vitamin K. An effort was made in this study to explore the potential pharmacodynamic interaction between green tea and warfarin. The objective of the study was to asses the effect of green tea on the pharmacodynamics of a single oral dose of warfarin in healthy volunteers. Based on the Inclusion and exclusion criteria, fifteen healthy male volunteers were selected by purposive sampling method between the age group of 18-40 years. All subjects were non-smokers, and were included based on normal clinical examination and clinical lab results (serum bilirubin and albumin, INR, PT, creatinine). They were asked to abstain from alcohol during the course of the study. Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to enrollment in the study. Subjects who were obese, hypertensive, with a history of any chronic illness were excluded from the study. A 20mg warfarin orally on Day 1 of Phase I. PT and INR were measured for 7 days. After a washout period of 7 days, green tea was given thrice daily (6 gm / day) for 10 days. On the 4th day of green tea administration, 20mg warfarin was given in Phase II and PT and INR were measured for 7 days. Day-wise & Phase-wise means were calculated, along with other pharmacodynamic parameters like INRmax, PTmax, PTAUC, INRAUC and time to reach PTmax & INRmax. Two tailed t test was used to analyze the differences. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean INR(p=0.042) & PT (p=0.021) in the treatment phase (warfarin + green tea) when compared with the control phase (warfarin alone).When the mean INR and PT for each day was analyzed separately, this difference was statistically significant only on Days 5 & 6. As the antagonism of warfarin by Vitamin K is competitive in nature, this finding assumes significance and highlights a need for caution when green tea is consumed by patients on warfarin.

Keywords: Anticoagulants, war farin, vitamin K

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FREE COMMUNICATIONS - POSTER PRESENTATIONS

EXPERIMENTAL NUTRITION

PSEN – 1

Isolation of Probiotic Lactobacillus from Yak Curd and its Activity Against Vaginal Pathogenic Candida Albicans

Akriti1, Preethi Bhat1, Vikram Ashok Rajapure2, Sima Patil1, Bipinraj N K1

1Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and BT BVDU Pune, 2 CPMB Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow Email: akriti6shrivastava@gmail.com

Around 75% of the sexually active women are affected by Vulvovaginal candidiasis [VVC]

atleast once in their life which is caused by Candida albicans. The use of antibiotic to treat VVC has many side effects. So a treatment method other than antibiotic for VVC is needed so that its ill side effects can be avoided. Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. So the aim of this study was to isolate probiotic bacteria from yak curd and check its antagonistic activity against vaginal C.albicans. Isolated cultures from yak curd were screened for probiotic nature according to WHO criteria. Those found to be probiotic were tested for their activity against pathogenic C.albicans isolated from vaginal swab. This was done by agar well diffusion by inoculating 10µl of each culture into wells cut against C.albicans at 108cells/ml concentration. Two probiotic cultures showed antagonistic effect against pathogenic C.albicans. These cultures were identified as Lactobacillus by biochemical tests. This study is the first to report probiotic isolated from yak curd to show antimycotic activity against vaginal pathogenic C.albicans. This may further lead to the development of a probiotic control of VVC.

Keywords: VVC, candida albicans, yak curd, probiotic control of VVC PSEN – 2

Immunological Analysis of Liver Glutathione-S Transferases on Chick Embryo under the Stress of Cadmium and Acrylamide

Divya.K, Pallavi.C, Kamala.K and ThyagaRaju.K

Dept. of Biochemistry, SV University, Tirupati. Animals including humans are exposed to various chemicals either intentionally

(therapeutically), in the course of their daily lives (e.g., domestic products, cosmetics etc) or inadvertently (e.g., pesticides). The chemicals entering into the biological systems are either degraded or modified and get involved in modification of the existing metabolism. During this metabolism the modified molecules become activated and further cause damage to proteins, nucleic acids and cell organelles. Due to this, normal functioning of the individual system varies and creates abnormality in living beings. The Acrylamide a polymer which is supplied to water shall be used by various animals, birds and humans. The polyacrylic compounds disposal in to drinking water channels is a threat for survival of birds. The best example for disappearance of vultures is by polyacrylamide compounds in Rayalaseema region. Considering the significant role

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of the acrylamide and cadmium, the present study was aimed on the Immunological analysis of Liver Glutathione S Transferases on chick embryo under the stress of Cadmium and Acrylamide.

From the laboratory studies it was observed that the excess concentration of these chemicals caused damage to defense of liver in chick embryos and modified tissue was also observed on microscopy. This modification was elucidated by studying the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidases, glutathione S- transferases, and mixed function oxygenase. These enzymes were observed more by the influence of both acrylamide and cadmium, and were used by liver to catabolise and excrete the toxic molecules from the body to reduce their toxicity. Hence the results of our present work will be presented based on our experimental analysis on chick embryo liver and influence of acrylamide and cadmium will be discussed.

Keywords: immunological assay – liver enzymes in chicks embryo, acrylamide polymer, toxicity reduces

PSEN – 3

Formulation and Evaluation of Dietary Fibre Products With its Efficacy to Hyperlipidemia

Rajkumar M. Kamble and Avinash B. Kale

Dept. of Home Science, Rajaram College, Kolhapur – 4 Email : rajkumarkamble69@gmail.com, kale.avinash5@gmail.com

Complex Carbohydrate is termed as a dietary fibre. A significance of dietary fibre in

nutrition and health is identified and proved by many of the researchers in this field. However, formulation of dietary fibre products is limited. Hence, dietary fibre products were formulated and nutritionally evaluated for there efficacy hyperlipidemias. Plain and mixed fibre biscuits, khakara and sandge were formulated by using different variations of ingredients and prepared by traditional methods. Organoleptically high scored fibre products were used for the supplementation of hyperlipidemic patients. Acid detergent fibre, cellulose, lignin and neutral detergent fibre were analyzed by Vansoet method (1970). Whereas, the major nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats were determined by using A.O.A.C. methods(1990). Ninety hyperlipidemic patients from Kolhapur, Sangali and Satara districts were selected for the experiment. They were equally divided into three groups ie. Each group consisting of 30 subjects. Fifty grams of dietary fibre products were supplied before their meal daily for six months period. Lipid profiles of these experimental subjects were evaluated at the end of every month of supplementation and compared with their initial hyperlipidemic status. In the patients who were on supplementation mixed bran khakara decease shared in total serum, cholesterol level from 236.6 + 2.3 to 206.1 + 3.6 mg; LDL (Low density lipoproteins) cholesterol from 159.2 + 2.6 to 141.6 + 2.2 mg, triglycerides from 230.3 + 4.1 to 222.0 + 3.8 mg and increased HDL ( High density lipoproteins). from 41.0 + 3.5 to 53.4 + 2.7 mg. within six months of experimental period. Plain biscuit supplementation group found a non significant effect on lipid profiles.

Keywords: hyperlipidemias, dietary fibre products, AOAC methods, lipid profile.

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PSEN – 4

Effect of Cooking Methods on the Antioxidant Properties of Methanolic Extract of Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia)

S. Jesupriya Poornakala1, T. Padmini1, P. Banumathi1, S. Parvathi1and SP. Sundaram2

1Home Science College and Research Institute, Madurai, India. 2Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai.

Email: jesupriya@yahoo.com

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is one of the popular vegetables in Asia. It possesses antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds which prevent diabetic diseases. Bitter gourd was cooked using three different cooking methods such as boiling, pressure cooking and stir frying. The antioxidant content of flavonoids and polyphenols were estimated. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH method. Results indicated that the mean total flavonoid content ranged from 59.14±7.34 to 78.74±5.9 mg catechin equivalent per 100g (DWB) and total polyphenols 345.53±15.6 to 496.33±24.2 mg gallic aicd equivalent per 100g (DWB) in raw and cooked bitter gourd. The polyphenols were increased by 15.48 to 43.65 % and flavonoids 6.59 to 33.14 % after cooking. The IC50 values were 18.0, 5.40, 7.6 and 4.02 mg per ml in fresh, boiled, pressure cooked and stir fried bitter gourd respectively. The antioxidant activity found in fresh bitter gourd was 261.24±5.1, boiled 800.09±9.6, pressure cooked 594.10±18.8 and stir fried 685.13±8.6 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per 100g (DWB). Cooking methods significantly increased (p�0.05) the antioxidant content and antioxidant activity. There was a strong correlation found between the polyphenols and antioxidant activity (r= 0.905) and flavonoids and antioxidant activity (0.766). It is inferred that simple cooking methods like boiling and stir frying for minimum time helps to release the antioxidants. Hence simple moist heating is the most favourable method of cooking such health promoting vegetables.

Keywords: antioxidants in methanolic extract, bitter guard, flavonoids, moist heating PSEN – 5

Development of � -Carotene Rich Value Added Products Using Drumstick Leaves (Moringa Oleifera) for Improving the Vitamin A Status of the Preschool Children

B. Nallakurumban1, S. Anitha2, and P. Parimalam3

Dept. of Family Resource Management, Home Science College and Research Institute, Madurai. Email: nallsfoodtech@yahoo.co.in

An attempt was made to development of �-carotene rich value added products like paruppupodi and murukku for improving Vitamin A status of preschool children. The study was carried out in Agricultural College Quarters, AC & RI, Madurai. The preschool children’s diet pattern included rice, ragi puttu, idli, dosa and bakery items etc., and sometimes greens. Since greens were not used in daily diet, the preschool children may be affected by vitamin A deficiency. Hence Drumstick leaves was selected for the development of greens based value added products like paruppupodi and murukku. The fresh greens chemical constituents were moisture 75.28 g%, �-carotene 6772.00µg%, vitamin C 226.00 mg%, protein 6.7g% and iron 0.89mg% respectively. The dehydration ratio of the drumsticks leaves was 18.18g/100g. The nutrient constituents of dried greens powder were moisture 5.32g%, �-carotene 20136.23µg%, vitamin C 1235.00 mg%, protein 32.56 g% and iron 5.34mg% respectively. The drumstick leaves powder was incorporated at 20 percent level in paruppupodi and at 5 percent level in murukku. The developed products

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nutritional compositions were moisture 4.34g%, �-carotene 4999.72 µg%, protein 13.06g%, vitamin C 32.48 mg%, and iron 2.62mg% in paruppupodi (T1) whereas control product had moisture (5.91g), protein (12.58g), �-carotene (116.66 µg), vitamin C (1.36 mg), and iron (2.46mg) respectively. The chemical constitutions of murukku were moisture 1.25g%, �-carotene 3052.00 µg%, protein 8.28g%, vitamin C 3.68mg%, and iron 7.52mg% in paruppupodi(T1) whereas control moisture had (1.22g), protein (7.98g), �-carotene 34.20 µg% and iron 6.28mg% respectively. The overall high acceptability score of 8.8 was observed 8.8 for T1 when compared to control score was 8.4. The cost of parupupodi was 5.50/100g whereas the control product’s cost was 4.40/100g. The cost of murukku was as 3.84 for control product whereas greens incorporated murukku costs Rs. 9.97/100g.

Keywords: �-carotene value added, vitamin a deficiency, drumstick leaves, developed products

PSEN – 6

Effect of Spicy Mix to Boost Testosterone Hormone for Andropause Men

M.Niharika, A.Jyothi Dept. of. Home Science, Sri Padmavathi Mahila University, Tirupati.

E-mail:niharika.bamli@gmail.com

The “change of life” not only applies to women; men go through their own version of menopause called “andropause”. Andropause typically occurs in men between 40 and 50 years of age, when testosterone levels decline to levels that result in fatigue, depression, lack of vitality, increased irritability, mood swings, sleep problems, hair loss, a decreased sex drive, night sweats, loss of muscle mass and/or problems in achieving or maintaining an erection. Testosterone levels can even start to decline in men at the age of 30 and drop continually over time. Andropause is a normal aging process that can be difficult for men to accept. Foods that boost testosterone provide a natural way to recharge libido function, muscle mass and increase energy levels. Natural testosterone foods act as natural libido enhancers. Zinc is the most important mineral for men which is extremely effective at raising testosterone levels. Thus a spicy mix rich in Zinc, vitamin A and E was developed using vegetables that include spinach, carrot, sweat potato and Herbs that include Garlic, pepper, mustard seeds and peanuts and was subjected to organoleptic evaluation for acceptability.

Keywords: spicy milk, boost testosterone harmone, andropause men, mano-nutrient zinc PSEN – 7

Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Supplementation among Rural Diabetic Patient

Nuzhat Sultana M.B,

Home Science, Mrs.K.S.K. College, Beed. Email: nuzhatsultanmb@gmail.com

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders. India is a home of nearly

33 million diabetic subjects, which is the highest number in the world. A supportive approach to managing blood sugar/glucose is a diet in high fiber. Recently dietary supplementation of fenughreek extract has been promoted to decrease blood glucose in diabetic patient. Hence present study was aimed to access the impact of supplementation of fenughreek extract among

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selected diabetic in the age group of 25 to 60 years from four hospitals of A-bad district. They were divided into two groups, experimental group (i.e.40) and control group (40). For the experimental group subjects were supplemented with fenughreek extract along with food items or alone daily for thirty days (4weeks). Anthropometric measurements i.e. weight, mid arm circumference, were taken and waist hip ratio and BMI computed as well as blood glucose level was estimated, before and after supplementation. The result of the study indicated that there was significant reduction in the mean weight and BMI as well as fasting and post level of blood glucose in the experimental group subjects. Thus it is concluded that dietary supplementation of fenughreek extract is an effective measure to bring out favorable changes in the diabetic patient.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus, fenughreek extract, anthropometric measurement, blood glucose level PSEN – 8

Metal Content of Cooked Foods and Associated Health Risk

Suneeta Chandorkar and Priyanka Bajaj Dept. of Foods and Nutrition, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara.

Email: suneetachandorkar@hotmail.com

Metal contamination of food is a major food safety concern especially in industrialized states as industrial effluent is often used for growing vegetables. The present investigation aimed at analyzing the metal contamination in cooked foods and assessing the health risk due to the same. Duplicate diets, segregated by food groups, drinking water and hair samples were collected from sixty subjects from free living population of Vadodara. Food and hair samples were digested using wet digestion method. In all 250 foods, 24 water and 27 hair samples were analyzed for metals namely, Aluminum, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel and Lead using ICP�MS. Among all food groups pulse based products had highest content of Aluminum, Cadmium and Lead. Nickel contamination was highest in eggs. Maximum Aluminum, Arsenic and Nickel were contributed by cereals whereas pulses were the source for high Lead and Cadmium in the diets. Total daily Intake (TDI) for Nickel was found to be 104% higher than the cutoff level. Provisional tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) value for Aluminum and Lead was 71.3% and 48.89% higher than the cutoff level. Provisional Tolerable weekly Intake (PTWI) value for Aluminum, Cadmium, Lead and Nickel were 73%, 121%, 114% and 45% higher respectively than the PTWI cutoffs. However, PTDI and PTWI value for Arsenic and Mercury were lower than the cutoff. Metal contamination in drinking water was detected to be below the MCL given by US EPA. Use of aluminium utensils contributed to metal content of cooked food. Timely measures need to be taken to reduce health risk through metal contamination.

Keywords: metal contamination, PTDI PTWI, MCL method, health risks

PSEN – 9

Acceptability and Nutritional Evaluation of Food Fortified Cakes

Aruna Narayanan and S.Sowmiya Dept. of Nutrition & Dietetics, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore Email: sowmyastars30@gmail.com & arunarayanan_1959@yahoo.com

Micronutrient malnutrition affects almost two billion people worldwide and food fortification

is considered as a major cost effective and sustainable solution. To enhance the micronutrient

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content of cakes by food fortification using locally available under exploited but nutritionally rich indigenous foods. Lotus stem (Nelumbium nelumbo ) and Carrots (Daucus carota) were chosen as food fortificants. The nutrient analysis of the fortificants was carried out. Lotus stem powder (LS) & carrot powder (CA) were incorporated individually (15, 20 and 25 %) as well as mixed in the proportion of 2:1, 1:1, 1:2. (MF) in Chocolate (CK) and Orange cake (OR) . The highly organoleptically acceptable cakes were analyzed for iron, � carotene & quality parameters. Lotus stem powder had high iron(80mg/100g), � carotene (543 µg/100g) and fibre(31.6 g/100g).Carrot powder had low iron(5 mg/100g), and fibre (1.46g/100g) but high � carotene(6875 µg/100g).The cake variations LSCK2 (84.5 %), CAOR1 (84 %) MFCK1 (88 %) and MFOR1 (87.3 %) were highly acceptable.LSCK2 had the highest iron content(12.50mg/100g) &CAOR1(760µg/100g) had highest � carotene content. Total solids were above the standard value of 60 %. The pH of MFCK1 & MFOR1 was 6.2.The microbial count of the cakes was found to be within the satisfactory limit. Fortification of cakes is a possible venture to alleviate micronutrient malnutrition in people.

Keywords: fortified cakes, lotus stem & carrots, micro-nutrients mal-nutrition, fortification.

PSEN – 10 Nutrimix from Sesame Oilcake Powder

Senthamarai selvi.L1, Banumathi.P 1, Kanchana.S 1 and Swaminathan.V 2

1Dept of Food Science and Nutrition, Home Science College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu,

2 Dept. of Vegetable Crop, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu.

E.mail:selvamugundan@gmail.com Sesame meal “press-cake,” is an excellent source of protein and mineral. Sesame meal

and flour have many applications in food products and the antioxidants naturally found in sesame increase the shelf life of the food products. The importance of utilizing oilseed meals as supplementary protein source for human consumption has received considerable attention in recent years. Sesame nutrimix was prepared by mixing malted (millets & legumes) flour and sesame oilcake powder (SOP) in combination with ragi (25%), wheat (15%), bengal gram (15%), green gram (10%), sesame oilcake powder (15%) and jaggery (20%). Similar proportion was used for control (N0), in which groundnut flour replaced sesame oilcake powder. The formulated nutrimix was packed in 200 gauge polyethylene bag, without vacuum (P1V1) and with vacuum (P1V2) and MPP without vacuum (P2V1) and with vacuum (P2V2) and stored at room temperature. The changes in the physico chemical characteristics, chemical composition, microbial load and the organoleptic characteristics were studied during storage (90 days). Sesame nutrimix was found to be highly accepatable scoring 8.8 on 9 point hedonic scale for the sensory attributes and the experimental nutrimix contained 6.9 % moisture, 13.49 g protein, 2.87g fat, 3.75 g fibre, 2.81 mg free fatty acid as KOH, 255 mg of calcium, 307 mg of phosphorus and 3.67 mg of iron which was higher when compared with control. The results of the study have also revealed that sesame oilcake is most suitable for the preparation of malted mixes.

Keywords: nutrimix, sesame oil cake powder, proteins mineral rich, malted mixes.

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PSEN – 11 Development of Instant Soup Mixes

Shefali, B and Meera M

Dept. of Home Science, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, 515001

Email: meeeramanik@yahoo.com

Convenience foods impart convenience to the consumers by way of little or no requirement of major processing or cooking before their consumption. Functional ingredients are easily incorporated into soup mixes to provide health benefits. Various soup mixes (14 types) were developed using corn flour, sorghum starch, tomato, potato, carrot, fresh cauliflower leaves, dried peas, soya nuggets, soy flour, Niger seeds, and garden cress seeds in various combinations and proportions. Based on sensory analysis six soup mixes were identified and were further classified based on usage of pea only/ combination of pea and garden cress seeds/ garden cress seed only with corn and sorghum as starch base. Soups of desired consistency were obtained by cooking 15 gm of soup mix in 150 ml of water. Proximate, mineral, anti oxidant, anti nutrient, composition sensory evaluation and microbial analysis were done by using standard methods and compared with commercial soup mix. The developed soup mix was free from coli form, yeast, mould growth and was found nutrient dense compared to commercial mix and could be used as therapeutic and functional food to overcome nutrient deficiency, especially micronutrient deficiency at large.

Keywords: instant soup, health benefits, microbial analysis, micro-nutrient deficiency

PSEN – 12

Monitoring the Toxic Environmental Contaminants Arsenic and Mercury in Some Gangetic Fishes by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Satabdi Ganguly, Arabinda Mahanty, Prasenjit Paria, Anil Prakash Sharma

and Bimal Prasanna Mohanty ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata

Email: bimalmohanty12@rediffmail.com

Contamination of aquatic ecosystem like rivers, lakes, and underground water with toxic metal/metalloids like mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) has been receiving worldwide attention. Contamination leads to accumulation of these toxic elements in fish tissue by biomagnifications and human subjects consuming fish from such contaminated stretches may be at risk of As and Hg toxicity and the consequences. The present study was undertaken with the objective of monitoring and assessing the concentration of the toxic elements As and Hg in muscle tissue of the tropical fishes Tenualosa ilisha and giant-river catfish Sperata seenghala were collected from different stretches of river Ganga. S. seenghala specimens were collected from the river Ganga at Allahabad, Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh and Farakka, Diamond Harbour (D.H.) and Sheoraphuli in West Bengal. T. ilisha were collected from Farakka, Sheoraphuli and D.H. The small indigenous fishes (SIFs) Amblypharyngodon mola and Puntius sophore collected from the river Ganga as well as ponds and wetlands in and around Kolkata, West Bengal were also analyzed. As and Hg concentrations in fish muscles were determined by inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after micro-wave assisted acid mineralization of the fish samples. The total arsenic and mercury content of these fishes were within the permissible level prescribed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 2010. This biomonitoring study

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showed that these fishes from river Ganga, in the indicated and adjoining stretches, are free from As and Hg contamination.

Keywords: environmental contamination, arsenic mercury, muscle tissue, mass spectrometry PSEN – 13

Establishment of Glycemic Index of Carbohydrates in Commonly Consumed Food Preparations

Shobha S1, Vijaya Lakshmi V2, Supraja T3 and Vahini, S4

1,2,3,4 Dept. of Foods and Nutrition, College of Home Science, Acharya Nagarjuna Agricultural Univeristy, Saifabad, Hyderabad

Email: vahinisettypalli@yahoo.com

The Glycemic Index (GI) of foods is an index which can be used to classify and compare foods, especially carbohydrate rich foods, based on their blood glucose raising potential. This in turn is affected not only by the carbohydrate content of the food but also on the type of carbohydrate, presence of fibre, protein, fat etc. GI for many individual foods has been measured, but foods are always eaten in combination and not in isolation. Therefore, estimation of GI of food preparations was considered useful to identify combination of foods with low glycemic response. This data would be useful for diabetic patients in particular and for all individuals planning to maintain a healthy life in general. The present study was carried out to evaluate the GI of commonly consumed recipes having a combination of cereals and pulses. Nine healthy subjects (5 female and 4 male), free from disease were selected for the assessment of GI for the study. The subjects were fed with the standard food (glucose/white bread) consisting of 55 g of glucose to equalize with test foods i.e., wheat rawa upma, rice rawa upma and dehulled jowar rawa upma, each containing 55 g of carbohydrate. Blood glucose of the subjects was estimated at subsequent time intervals. Significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between GI of standard food (glucose/white) and wheat rawa upma and no significant difference was observed between GI of standard food (glucose/white bread) and other two test foods (rice rawa and jowar rawa upma). The GI of glucose was 100, white bread 94, wheat rawa upma 68, rice rawa upma 87 and dehulled Jowar rawa upma 97 respectively. Among the recipes, wheat rawa had medium glycemic index, because it has more fibre compared to other products.

Keywords: glycemic index, on carbohydrates, food prepared, more fibre.

PSEN – 14

Phytochemical Investigation and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Rices Available in Midnapore Market, West Bengal

Koushik Das, Pallabi Maity, Shraboni Pradhan, Suchismita Roy,

Shreya Mandal and Dilip Kumar Nandi Research Unit, Dept. of Nutrition, Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College, Midnapore-721102,

Dist- Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal Email: dilipnandi2004@yahoo.co.in

Rice is the main and most common food taken many day by every people in our country. It

is also a healthy and high calorie food. It is rich in carbohydrates and also antioxidants which

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prevent free radical damage, reducing the risk of oxidative stress related degenerative diseases. Besides this have a great medicinal use to cure chronic headache, epilepsy, skin disease, post natal tonic for women, high blood pressure and fever and with potential beneficial effects on health, such as reduction of oxidative stress, aid in the prevention of cancer, control blood lipids and related disease. The aim of this present study was to find out the more potent antioxidative activity among Lal Swarna, Lalat, Gobindovog, Sankar varieties which were maximum sold in local market of Midnapore Town in West Bengal. In this study, aqueous extracts of four types of rice were utilized to determine the content of antioxidant capacity by DPPH method and these solvent extracts were subjected to preliminary phytocompounds screening to detect the different phytochemicals present Viz., steroids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and phenolic compounds. The photochemical evaluation revealed the presence of steroids, glycosides, phenols, alkaloids in 4 types of rice. DPPH scavenging activity was significantly higher in lal swarna than sankar, lalat & gobindovog, % inhibition of DPPH activity was in descending order lal swarana, gobindavog, sankar and lalat which are 11.11%,10.35%, 9.28% and 0.35% respectively. After different biochemical test & photochemical screening it was suggested that aqueous extract of lal swarna possesses powerful anti-oxidant activity compared to sankar, lalat & gobindovog. . The revealed anti-oxidant property of extracts may provide potential therapeutic intervention against oxidative stress & degenerative diseases and which can be used for the future investigation, as dietary supplement for nutraceuticals research.

Keywords: antioxidants, DPPH, nutraceuticals, lal swarna, steroids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and phenolic compounds.

PSEN – 15

Bile Acid Binding Capacity (in vitro) of Cereal Brans

Nandini K.A , Vanitha Reddy.P, Asna Urooj Dept. of Studies in Food Science & Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore.

Email: nandinikatte@gmail.com

Cereal brans are known to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, obesity, diabetes and many types of cancers. The well understood mechanism by which cereal brans lowers serum cholesterol is by binding bile acids. Wheat bran (WB), oat bran (OB),rice bran (RiB), ragi bran (RgB) and commercial multigrain flour (MGFl) were selected for the study. Samples were analysed for physical properties, total fiber, and saponin content. The Bile acid binding capacity (BABC) of samples in raw, heat treated, saponin extract and in food product (chapatti-Indian flat bread) was studied by hydration and diffusion method. Ragi bran showed good physical properties. The bile acid binding of the multigrain flour was high and among barns in raw and heat treated form , Rice bran showed high BABC followed by WB, RgB, OB. Heat application had significantly (p<0.05) increased the BABC of the samples. The BABC of saponin extract of the Rice brans was higher than other extracts. In the food system, BABC of the control and other barn incorporated chapatti significantly same. From the above results it is evident that among all, Rice bran had proven to be with high BABC. Thus the current study helps in showcasing health beneficial effects of brans especially rice bran and helps in formulating disease specific functional foods for targeted population.

Keywords: cereal brans, reduce diseases, BABC, saponin extract

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PSEN – 16

Inhibition of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG CoA) Reductase (ex Vivo) by Selected Medicinal Plants

Vanitha Reddy P, Lakshmi Sarkar and AsnaUrooj

DOS in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006. Email: redyy.vanitha@rediffmail.com

World Health Organisation (WHO) report has suggested that more than 80% of the world

population depends on traditional medicines for primary health care and they utilize the plant extracts or bioactive components present in them. In the denovo synthesis of cholesterol the enzyme HMG CoA reductase plays a vital role whose inhibition alters the synthesis of cholesterol, proving beneficial in hypercholesterolemic condition. Three medicinal plants namely Abrusprecatorius (AP), Canthiumparviflorum (CP) and Costusspeciosus (CS) have been studied for their phytochemical constituents and explored the HMG CoA reductase inhibitory effect of extracts from leaves using an ex vivo assay and compared with statins. The assay is based on the stoichiometric formation of coenzyme A (SH) during the reduction of microsomal HMG COA to mevalonate. Methanol extract of the three plants was studied at 300µg. The Coenzyme A released at the end of assay in the control (119.70 nM) and statins (94.49nM) was higher than the CS (72.97nM) >CP (55.41nM) >AP (50.23nM) extracts. The results reveal the potency of the selected medicinal plants in inhibiting the HMG-CoA Reductase. This provides scope for designing an in vivo study on animal models to confirm the plants effects and can be explored for their role as a cholesterol lowering agent.

Keywords: medicinal plants, coenzyme inhibition, in vivo, cholesterol lowering agent.

PSEN – 17

Altered Spermatogenesis, Steroidogenesis and Testicular Architecture in Adult Male Rats Exposed to Genistein,

A Non Steroidal Phytoestrogen

R. Meena1 and P.Sreenivasula Reddy2 Dept. of Biotechnology1 and Zoology2, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502

Genestein is a well known non-steroidal phytoestrogen present in human and animal foods

possessing estrogen-like biological activity. The present study was aimed to elucidate the effect of genistein on reproduction in male rats. Adult Wistar rats (90 days old with a body weight of 200±10 g) were injected with genistein at a dose level of 2, 20 or 100 mg/kg body weight once a week for 9 weeks. Dose dependent decline was observed in testicular sperm production, epididymal sperm count, sperm tail coiling (HOS test), sperm motility and viability in genistein treated rats when compared to controls. Significant decrease was observed in the activity levels of 3�- and 17�- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in testis of experimental rats indicating reduced steroidogenesis. Cirlulatory testosterone levels decreased significantly with an increase in serum FSH and LH levels in genestein treated rats indicating genestein is an endocrine disruptor. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation with a significant decrease in the activity levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the testis of genistein treated rats over controls suggested imbalance in pro- and anti-oxidant status. Histological examination of testis indicated deterioration of testicular architecture in genestein treated rats. However, no significant changes were observed in the

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fertility potential of experimental male when compare to controls. From the results, it can be concluded that genistein-treatment induced suppressed steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, increased oxidative stress and deteriorated testicular architecture without affecting the reproductive performance in adult rats.

Keywords: phytoestrogen, steroidogenesis, genistein, adult male rats PSEN – 18

Non-Pharmacological Lifestyle Modifications in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Meillitus and Hypertension

Padmini Balagopal1, Ranjita Misra 2, Thakor Patel3, N. Kamalamma1

1Gandhigram Rural Institute, 2School of Public Health, West Virginia University, 3Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland

Email: velchet2@gmail.com

The impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India can be devastating and far-reaching, especially as 70% of Indian population live in resource-poor rural areas. Causative lifestyle links have been associated with the epidemic outburst of chronic diseases like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Numerous studies around the world have shown that lifestyle modifications are proven to be more effective in primary and secondary educational intervention than pharmacological interventions.1 . A study measuring risk factors before and after an educational intervention program could show if community participation and awareness education could be successful, cost-effective approaches to modify lifestyles so as to achieve primary and secondary prevention Through one-on-one and group interventions in the community, these two studies in rural India showed significant reductions in crucial risk factors and proved to be successful approaches that are immediately applicable. The trained trainers, the elders in the community, Self-Help Group Leaders, and the community as a whole became the stakeholders of this program and invested time and effort with commitment to make lifestyle modifications work to the benefit of all.

A statistical analysis of the impact analysis shows these positive results and helps with the reduction of risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension and other co-morbidities.

Involving the whole community became a win-win situation for all from the trainers to the participants. Perhaps the most significant contribution of this program was the adopted lifestyles changes among the youth as pre-diabetes has been found to be prevalent in this age group!

Keywords: type2 diabetes mellitus, educational intervention , pharmacological intervention

PSEN – 19

Neutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Efficacy of Ethanolic Extract of Murraya Koenigii in High Fat Diet Fed Rats

S.Hemalatha, H. Balaji and Balaji Meriga

Dept. of Biochemsitry, Sri Venkateswara Unviersity, Tirupati

Modern life styles, food habits and high calorie foods are increasingly causing health disorders such as obesity, diabetes, cardiac problems etc in all age groups of people. The scientific research in the field of functional foods has demonstrated that nutrition plays a vital role

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in the prevention of chronic diseases as most of them can be related to diet. Nutrients, herbals and dietary supplements are major constituents of functional foods which make them instrumental in maintaining good health as well as can combat against various diseases and thus promote quality of life. Murraya koenigii commonly known as curry leaf contains several phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids and phenolics which have a major role in addition of flavor and in pharmaceuticals. In our study, the ethanolic extract of Murraya koenigii (EMK) showed potential lipid lowering efficacy as well as antioxidant activity in high fat diet fed rats which authenticate its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical value.

Keywords: Murraya koenigii, phytochemicals, nutraceutical. PSEN –20

Reversal effect of Calcium, Zinc and Vitamin-E against Cadmium induced renal oxidative damage in albino Wistar rats

B. Siva Prasad, J.A. Pradeepkiran, M.Bhaskar *

Division of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517502, AP, India.

Email-matchabhaskar2010@gmail.com The heavy metal Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental contaminant and a potent

cell poison to cause oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation (LPx) and/or by changing intracellular glutathione levels. The present study was aimed to examine the protective effect of Calcium+Zinc (Ca+Zn) and Vitamin-E (Vit-E) supplementation on Cd-induced renal oxidative damage. Young albino Wistar rats (3 months) were exposed to Cd (20 mg/kg body weight), Ca + Zn (2 mg/kg, each) and Vit-E (20 mg/kg body weight) for a period of 2 weeks. The activities of stress marker enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidation (LPX) rats were determined in the renal mitochondrial fractions of young rats. We observed the changes in the iso-enzymatic pattern of SOD were detected by non-denaturing PAGE analysis and band densities were quantified by densitometry. These results showed that Cd exposure leads to a decrease in the activities of SOD, CAT, GSSG, GPx with a concomitant increase in the activities of LPx and GST. Ca+Zn and Vit-E administration together with Cd significantly reversed the Cd-induced perturbations in the oxidative stress marker enzymes. However, Vitamin-E showed more inhibitory activity against Cd than Ca+Zn supplementation which have a protective role against Cd-induced nephrotoxicity.

Keywords: cadmium (Cd), lipid peroxidation, nephrotoxicity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), PAGE analysis.

PSEN –21

Depleted Fat-Soluble Antioxidant Vitamins and Iron Overload among Children with �-thalassemia Major

Shuchismita Behera, Sujata Dixit, Gandham Bulliyya, Santanu Kumar Kar Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhubaneswar.

Email: Sujata.dixit1@gmail.com

Thalassemia is a genetic disorder which is due to reduced synthesis of the �-globin chains. Auto-oxidation of globin chains, iron overload and low levels of adult hemoglobin (HbA) enhance

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oxidative stress which leads to hemolysis of red blood cells causing severe anemia. The present study was carried out to assess the nutritional status by body weight and height, serum antioxidant vitamins, A (serum retinol) and E (�-tocopherol) and serum ferritin levels which were estimated using standard procedures. A total 43 children aged 1-15 years from thalassemic major (28 males and 15 females) and healthy controls 42 (22 males and 20 females) were included. The results revealed that extent of undernutrition found to be significantly higher among beta-thalassemic children as compared to normals; undernutrition (87.6% vs 16.7%, p<0.0001), thinness (32.6% vs 9.5%, p<0.05), and stunting (79% vs 24%, p<0.0001). The mean concentrations of haemoglobin (6.60±1.84 vs 11.80±2.29, p<0.01), serum retinol (28.01±17.67 vs 54.4±36.56, p<0.01) and �-tocopherol (0.21±0.34 vs 1.08±0.82, p<0.01) were lower significantly among thalassemic cases than control group, however, iron toxicity in terms of ferritin (storage iron) was observed to be much higher among thalassemia patients (553.70±176.80 vs 71.74±76.38, p<0.01). This study indicated growth retardation and iron toxicity in beta thalassemic group along with lower vitamin levels leading to oxidative stress which needs further study regarding the supplementation of vitamins along with the iron chelation therapy.

Keywords: antioxidant, under nutrition, hemolysis

PSEN –22

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic effect of inulin incorporated multigrain mixes

Jothilakshmi K1, Premalatha M.R2, Padmini. T3, Sundaram SP4, and Duraisamy .M.R. 5 12Dept. of FSN , HSC & RI, Madurai, 3Dept. of AFT, HSC & RI, Madurai

4Dept. of AGRL. MIC, AC & RI, Madurai, 5Dept. of FRM, HSC & RI, Madurai Email: Joeselva05@gmail.com

By the end of the 20th century the worldwide diabetes pandemic had affected an estimated

151 million persons, distributed among both developed and developing countries. Indians are more prone to diabetes and cardio vascular diseases. Food choices that favour more slowly digestible starches clearly have a benefit for the promotion of long – term health and minimizing the risk of diabetes and cardio vascular diseases. Wheat products are used by a larger section of the populations. Hence supplementation of wheat flour with millets, pulses and purified dietary fiber namely inulin would give high fiber multigrain mix. The wheat based multigrain mix contained kodo millet, bengal gram, horse gram and inulin (fructooligosacharride). Rotis were prepared with multigrain mix containing different proportion of millets, pulses and inulin. The proportion of the wheat, kodo millet, bengal gram, horse gram and inulin in the mix was arrived at based on the consumer acceptability of the rotis. A puffed snack prepared using the same proportion for animal study. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect were assessed in wistar rats. The effect of wheat based multigrain mix on the glucose levels in diabetic induced rats after a feeding trial of 28 days was studied. There was a statistically significant reduction in the blood glucose level at the end of four weeks. The initial glucose levels reduced from 204.16 ± 3.57 to 121.16 ± 3.4 mg/dl which is 40.65 per cent. The HDL level was found to be 22.2 ± 0.68, LDL 22.08 ± 0.95 and AI 2.18 ± 1.13 mg/dl respectively at end of the study. The result proves the efficacy of the wheat based multigrain mix as hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic food.

Keywords: hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic , multigrain �

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FREE COMMUNICATIONS - POSTER PRESENTATIONS

FOOD SCIENCE NUTRITION

PSFS-1

Sensory and Nutritional Evaluation of Health Drink for Adolescent Girls Using Underutilized Foods

Neha Kapoor1 and Anita Kochhar2

1,2Dept. of Food and Nutrition, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.

Email: dranitakochhar@yahoo.com

Food based strategies are used as a tool for combating micronutrient deficiencies among adolescents. Many underutilized foods which are available at low cost can be used to improve the nutritional status of adolescent girls. The present study was carried out to develop a health drink using under utilized foods like whey water, pearl millet, broccoli leaf powder, banana and jaggery at three different levels i.e. S1, S2, S3. The developed health drink was evaluated organoleptically by a panel of judges and students using nine point hedonic scale. Both the panels gave highest overall acceptability scores to the S1 level which was prepared using 2.5 g broccoli leaf powder, 5 g pearl millet, 10 g jaggery, 50 g banana and 82.5 ml whey water per 150 ml. The most acceptable level of developed health drink was analyzed for nutrient content and found to contain 61.43 % moisture, 2.9 g of crude protein, 0.4 g of crude fat, 1.2 g of crude fiber, 2.2 g of ash, 31.87 g of carbohydrates and provided 142.68 Kcal of energy. The developed health drink had 21.7 g total soluble sugars, 7.9 g reducing sugars, 13.8 g of non-reducing sugars and 9.8 g of starch. The concentration of minerals viz. iron and calcium in health drink was 2.96 mg and 167 mg respectively. The concentration of ascorbic acid and �-carotene was 5.6 mg and 1568 µg respectively.

Keywords: underutilized foods, health drink, nutritive value.

PSFS-2

Formulation and Analysis of Nutrients for the Value Added Health Mix

Prasanthi, P.1 and Amirthaveni, M.2 1&2 Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for HomeScience

and Higher Education for Women University, Coimbatore, TamilNadu, Email: prasanthi.poli@gmail.com

In the modern times, lifestyle diseases have emerged as the leading cause of death worldwide, particularly in developed countries. Among them cardiovascular diseases are the most prevalent and eighty percent of deaths took place in low and middle income countries and occur equally in men and women. Apart from the healthy lifestyle, diet that are rich in omega-3 and dietary fibre plays a major role in all degenerative diseases. The main objective of this study was to control cholesterol among hyperlipidemics. Flax seeds, almonds and walnuts are excellent sources of omega-3 and dietary fibre and have beneficial effects along with antioxidant properties. Dietary fiber by nature is a natural laxative which helps in reducing the body weight, blood glucose,

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cholesterol especially bad cholesterol. The antioxidant properties of these foods boost the immune system and many metabological functions. The product was formulated in different combinations using flaxeed (dietary fibre) nuts (omega-3) and garlic (antioxidant) and organoleptic evaluation was done using five point’s hedonic rating scale. Mixes with maximum score were analyzed for their nutrient content using standard procedures. One hundred gram of each mix contains 25g of dietary fibre and omega-3 fatty acid i.e., alpha linolenic acid which is an essential fatty acid and renowned for its health promoting qualities, hence 15-20g/ day of this mix can be recommended for hyperlipidimics and as value added health mix.

Keywords: flax, almonds, walnuts, dietary fibre, antioxidant properties

PSFS-3

Formulation and Nutrient Content of A Value Added Health Mix Suitable for Fitness

Tharani Devi, N.1 and Amirthaveni, M.2

1&2 Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for HomeScience and Higher Education for Women University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

Email: dharani_charan@yahoo.co.in

India is currently passing through an epidemiological transition due to rapid urbanization coupled with economic growth. This could have major implications on the present and future disease patterns in India, with particular reference to an increase in prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like obesity, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Unhealthy, processed food has become much more accessible following India's continued integration in global food markets. The main objective of this study is to formulate a health mix rich in dietary fiber, estimate the nutrient content and evaluate the acceptability. Oat bran, richest source of fibre, also has much beneficial effects on health. It has natural laxative effect, helps in delaying the absorption in turn helps weight loss. In the first phase of the study foods rich in dietary fiber such as oat bran, green gram and spinach was selected using various criteria like availability, acceptability and cost effectiveness. In the second phase, in order to evaluate an acceptable high fibre breakfast item, commonly used recipes such as pancake, kitchidi, adai, uppma, chappathi, cutlet and roti were standardized and organoleptic evaluation was done using five point’s hedonic scale. In the third phase total dietary fibre, toxic compounds, phytates and metals like zinc, tin, arsenic, lead and mercury content of the selected recipe were analyzed. From the results obtained, 100gm of formulated health mix with low cost locally available foods contains 17g of dietary fiber along with 19g of protein which can be recommended to maintain health and fitness.

Keywords: oat bran, green gram, spinach, health mix, organoleptic

PSFS-4

Sensory and Nutritional Evaluation of Ready Mix Prepared from Fingermillet, QPM, Bengal Gram and Soybean

Rekha Sinha, Bindu Sharma, Sunita Kumari and Nilika Chandra

Dept. of Home Science, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, India, Email: sinharekha_05@yahoo.co.in

Sattu, a ready to eat flour is used largely as snack food in most part of north India particularly in rural areas. It is prepared from either roasted cereal particularly maize or roasted Bengal gram.

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In view of importance of sattu in the daily dietary of rural population in Jharkhand and Bihar, an attempt was made to develop low cost nutritious sattu by using fingremillet, QPM, Bengal gram & Soybean and evaluate them organoleptically and nutritionally. Many trials were conducted to test different combinations and three combinations were found organoleptically acceptable by panellist. The sattu prepared only from roasted Bengal gram served as control. Colour, appearance, aroma, texture and overall acceptability of all three types of sattu were “liked moderately” and comparable to control. Treatment sattu mix had significantly higher content of fibre, Calcium, Phosphorus, Copper and Zinc. Among the treatment sattu, Type I had significantly higher content of protein, fat, iron, phosphorus and �-carotene, while type II had significantly higher content of fibre, Calcium and Copper.

Keywords: finger millet, bengal grams, soya beans, snack, organoleptic

PSFS-5 Functional Food Formulations from Legume Seed Coats

Mamata.Mannuramath* and Kamal G Nath Dept of Food Science and Nutrition, University of agricultural Sciences,

Dharwad, UAS Bengaluru Email: mamata.mannurmath@gmail.com

Seed coats of the legumes are the by-products of dhal mills, used as animal feed or

discarded as a waste, but can be effectively used as source of dietary fibre for human consumption. Apart from macronutrients, leguminous seeds contain appreciable amounts of vitamins and minerals as well as dietary fibre. Green gram was selected for the study. The seeds were soaked for 6-8hrs, dried in sun light for 4-6 hrs and then decorticated in milling machine. Seed coat was subjected to three treatments mainly steam, acid and alkali and subjected to chemical analysis; dietary fiber, fat, protein, ash, phytic acid and total phenols. Total dietary fibre in the seed coats ranged from 64.82 to 85.99 per cent. The total phenol and phytic acid content of samples ranged from 0.013 to 0.510 per cent and 1.31 to 4.13 per cent respectively.The steam treatment was found to be better in terms of dietary fiber content. Four products were developed by incorporating steam treated green gram husk namely; chapati, chutney powder, biscuits and vermicelli. Chapati with 10 per cent incorporation was best accepted. High fibre vermicelli upuma was acceptable at 20 and 30 per cent level of fibre. Biscuits were acceptable at 10 per cent level. The best accepted level for chutney powder was 20 per cent with mean overall acceptability score of 7.6. The findings of the present study revealed that legume seed coat; a rich source of dietary fibre can be successfully incorporated in the products.

Keywords: green grains, feed coat, value addition, nutritional value, fibre

PSFS-6

Standardisation of Nutraceutical Enriched Lollipop for Children

Geetha.P.S1, B.Nallakurumban2 and A.Thangaarasan3 Home Science College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai-625 104.

E-Mail:geethafsn@gmail.com

Worldwide date fruits production has increased from 1,809,091 t in 1960 to 6,924,975 t in

2005. Date fruits are high-energy food sources with 72% to 88% sugar content at maturity. During the initial stage, nearly all (80% to85%) of the sugar is sucrose. As ripening progresses, the sucrose is hydrolyzed into reduced sugars such as glucose and fructose. Date fruits are good

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sources of iron and potassium; a fair source of natural fibers, calcium, chlorine, copper, magnesium, and sulfur and best source of 16 amino acids and vitamins A, B1 and B2. Dates are balanced and healthy diet and have several nutraceutical properties viz., cure for intestinal and digestive disorders, growth of pathological organisms and help in the growth of pro-biotic bacteria in the intestines, used as a good laxative and effective for treatment of constipation, effective in curing sterility prevents abdominal cancer, effective in curing cardiovascular diseases and in curing night blindness. But little work has been done on this aspect. Thus an attempt was made to standardize the preparation of dates and honey incorporated lollipop for children. Dates syrup was prepared from date fruits and three different treatments of dates and lollipops were processed. T1 (75% dates incorporated), T2 (75% honey incorporated) and T3 (75% dates and honey incorporated). Organoleptic evaluation scores showed high acceptability for T3.Physio-chemical analysis revealed that T1 had 5.68 mg, T2 had 0.83 mg and T3 had 4.62mg of iron per 100 gm when compared with the control sugar syrup lollipop (0.12mg). T1 had 4.1% reducing sugar, 1.82% in T2 and 4.8% in T3.The total sugar content was 7.86, 2.92, and 8.43 per cent in T1, T2 and T3 respectively. The lollipops were packed in 250 gauge polyethylene bags and stored for six months under ambient condition. Thus dates and honey incorporated nutraceutical enriched lollipops are best suited for children to enhance their nutrient availability.

Keywords: nutraceutical, date, honey, organoleptics, storage

PSFS-7

Value Added Ber Juice With Aloevera

Sucharitha. K. V, G. Maheswari, A.M. Beulah and D. Jhansi Dept. of Home Science, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502

Email: suchivenkata@gmail.com Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) is the most nutritious fruit. The fresh mature ripe fruit of jujube contains the amino acids asparagine, aspartic acid, glycine, glutamic acid, serine, aserine and threonine. It is one of the nutritious and vitamin C rich fruit second to guava and much higher than citrus or apples. The regular consumption of Ber fruits have the beneficial properties i.e, the maintenance and proper functioning of the blood stream, bones, hair, hormones, enzymes and neuro-transmitters. Aloevera (Aloe barbadensis Mill) is known as the miracle plant, natural healer because of its immune medicinal properties that contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino-acids, natural sugars and agents which may be anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. Fruit juices are appetizing beverages. The nutritive values of fruit beverages are far greater than that of synthetic beverages. Ber fruits are seasonal and cheaper. To utilize the nutritional properties of this seasonal fruit, the present study was designed to standardize a value added ber juice with aloevera. The RTS beverage was developed with Ber juice, aloevera juice, sugar syrup and water main constituents. Two samples of beverage were developed and standardized with different proportions of Ber and Aloevera juice, Sugar syrup and water. The second sample with the proportion of 40:20:16:24 respectively scored the maximum organoleptic scores. Instead of consuming carbonated beverages, the consumption of ber drink can be promoted as it enhance the immunity levels, reduce constipation and improves the health status of an individuals.

Keywords: ber, aloevera, health drink, value addition

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PSFS-8

Effect of Different Drying Methods on the Functional Compounds of Indian Pennywort (CENTELLA ASIATCA L.)

Seevaratnam.V1, P.Banumathi1, M.R.Premalatha1, SP.Sundaram2 and T.Arumugam3

1Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Home Science College and Research Institute, 2Dept. of Agric. Microbiology, 3Dept. of Horticulture, Agricultural College and Research Institute,

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai Email: vasantharuba@gmail.com

Centella asiatica, a perennial herb known as Vallarai in Tamil possesses various health beneficial properties like antioxidant activity due to its functional compounds. Drying is a simple method of preservation which increases the availability of these leaves throughout the year. This study was conducted to find out the best method of drying Centella leaves with least loss of functional compounds during dehydration. Different drying methods used in this study included cabinet drying, shade drying, solar drying and fluidized bed drying. Functional compounds such as ascorbic acid, beta carotene, chlorophyll, total phenols, total flavonoids and tannins of the fresh and dried Centella leaves were estimated by standard methods. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH method. Results of this studies revealed that fresh Centella leaves contained 170.3±2.5 mg/100g (DWB) of ascorbic acid, 25.8±0.45 mg/100g (DWB) of beta carotene, 983.5±12 mg/100 (DWB) of chlorophyll, 1296.2±7 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100g (DWB) of total phenols, 578.1±4.6 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100 g (DWB) of total flavonoids and 146.5±2.9 mg tannic acid equivalent (TE)/100 g (DWB) of tannins respectively. Cabinet drying retained significantly higher levels (p< 0.05) of all the functional compounds and had higher antioxidant activity compared to other drying methods. The percentage loss of functional compounds in different drying methods ranges between 46.1 to 60.5 % for ascorbic acid, 36.2 to 51.6 % for beta carotene, 19.8 to 25.1% for chlorophyll, 20.1 to 29.6 % for total phenols, 31.3 to 38.7% for total flavonoids and 31.2 to 35.2 % for tannins respectively.

Keywords: centella asiatica, functional compounds, composition

PSFS-9

Physical Properties and Sensory Evaluation of Little Millet Incorporated Bread

Mamata Mannuramath1 , Nirmala Yenagi1, Valerie Orsat2 and Yvan Gariepy2,

1Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition , Rural Home Science College, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka 2Dept. of Bio-resource Engineering, Macdonald Campus of McGill University,

Ste Anne-de-Bellevue Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada. Email: mamata.mannurmath@gmail.com

Bread is a bakery product priced for its aroma taste and texture. Wheat is the grain of

choice in bread preparation due to its high gluten level. There are several attempts at partial substitution of wheat flour with flour from readily available, cheap, indigenous ingredients like millets. An attempt was made to incorporate little millet in the preparation of bread as a good source of dietary fiber and trace elements. Decorticated little millet flour was incorporated at 10, 30 and 50 percent and compared with control bread. Developed breads were evaluated for physical dimensions, texture, crumb colour and for sensory attributes. The weight and height of breads ranged from 111.6 to 116.30 g and 4.20 cm to 6.70 cm respectively. Increased addition of little millet flour decreased the height significantly, whereas length and breadth of the breads did not

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differ significantly. The hardness values of the millet breads were higher when compared to wheat bread. Cohesiveness and adhesiveness did not differ significantly. L, a, b values of the color differed significantly. Wheat bread was whiter than millet bread. Millets breads were more yellowish in color. Sensory evaluation revealed that there was no significant difference found between control and breads prepared with 10 and 30 percent millet flour. Considering the health benefits of little millet, it can be recommended to incorporate millet flour up to 30 percent without affecting sensory quality of the bread.

Keywords: bread, wheat, little millet, fibre sensory evaluation

PSFS-10

Preparation and Storage Stability of Probiotic RTS Punch Beverage Using Fermented Carrots and Pineapple Juice

Mohanapriya M.1 and Lalitha Ramaswamy2,

PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore E-mail: priyatarun2010@gmail.com

RTS punch beverages were prepared using fermented carrots and pine apple juice. Grated

carrots were fermented using Lactobacillus plantarum to bring the acidity to a pH of 4.5. Carrot juice was extracted and mixed with pineapple juice at a ratio of 50:50 (Control), 10:90 (V1) and 20:80 (V2). The RTS beverages were prepared as per FPO specifications with TSS of 14oB and pH 4.5 without the addition of citric acid, preservatives and other additives and preserved for two months. The TSS and pH value did not show much variation between the storage periods. The vitamin C content showed a decrease from 39.0 to 34.3mg% in standard. In V1 it decreased from 49.5 to 38.4mg% and in V2 it from 46.30 to 32.2mg% .On analysing the microbial load it was found that the number of colonies increased to a large extent in the standard after 60 days of storage, while there was no microbial load in V1 and V2 upto 60 days thus indicating that the probiotic RTS beverages are safe for consumption. Overall acceptability scores of organoleptic evaluation on a nine point scale of the beverages showed a maximum mean value of 8.8±7.74 for V2 and 8.4 ±7.05 for V1 thus showing that the probiotic RTS beverages were highly acceptable. The control sample had obtained a mean score of 8.2±6.72. It is clear that RTS punch beverages can be prepared using fermented carrots and pineapple juice without the addition of any artificial additives and stored upto 60 days. This offers scope for the preparation of RTS beverages using natural food products.

Keywords: fermented beverages, shelf life, organoleptics

PSFS-11

Nutritional Quality and Sensory Attributes of Little MILLET (Panicum

sumatrense)Chakli Compared With Rice Chakli

Hoitinkim Singson, NirmalaYenagi and G.S. Sharada

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Rural home Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka

E-mail: hoitinkim@gmail.com

Little millet is a locally accepted staple cereal of northern Karnataka. In the present day there is not much positive response from the farmer to grow and consume this staple cereal as

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rice is replaced under public distribution system. Value addition is one of the strategies for commercial exploitation of little millet in diversified form. Fried snacks as convenient foods occupy a major share in the national and international market. In the present study, the optimised recipe of chakli prepared from little millet was evaluated for nutritional and sensory attributes as compared to rice chakli. The results of the nutrient composition of little millet chakli revealed that fat (32.89 %), protein (12.75 %), crude fibre (2.62 %) and ash (3.49 %) contents were significantly higher than for rice chakli (32.92, 11.16, 1.32 and 3.19 % respectively). The sensory scores of little millet chakli for appearance and colour, texture, flavour, taste and over all acceptability were 8.1, 7.5, 7.7, 7.7 and 7.5 respectively and were within the acceptable range. The stored little millet chakli was sensorily acceptable up to 2 months when packed in 150 gauge polyethylene cover and stored at ambient temperature. Per serving (50 g) of little millet chakli contributes 16 % energy, 21 % protein, 65 % fat, 6 % calcium and 37 % iron to meet the RDA adequacy of pre-school children. This newly designed novel chakli of little millet can be commercially popularised as nutri-snack in millet growing areas.

Keywords: little millets, nutri-snack, nutritional value

PSFS-12

Physico-Chemical Changes of Batter and Paddu of Little Millet during

Soaking and Fermentation

Deepa M. Madalageri, Nirmala B. Yenagi and Kasturiba B

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad

Email: deepafsn@yahoo.com

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the physico-chemical changes of batter and paddu of little millet during progress of Soaking and fermentation. For optimization, soaking and fermentation the optimal proportion of ingredients (cereal: pulse mix) ie., 6:1 was taken. The variation in duration of soaking hours from 4 to 8 and fermentation of 12 h increased the volume of batter significantly. Significant decrease in the bulk density, specific gravity, pH and increase in titratable acidity in the fermented batter was observed during progress of soaking and fermentation hours. The changes in physical characteristics of paddu with respect to total weight and volume of paddu, average weight and volume of paddu and bulk density was observed with variation in duration of soaking and fermentation, However, this was non significant. The soft texture with acceptable taste was observed in paddu prepared from 6 h soaked grains and considered as optimum condition for paddu preparation. The variation in duration of fermentation hours from 8 to 24 h by 6 h soaking of grain increased the volume of batter significantly. The paddus prepared from 14 and 16 h of fermented batter were softer, had good expansion, acceptable sour taste and had higher overall acceptability. The optimum duration of soaking and fermentation was found to be of 6 h and 12 to 16 h duration respectively.

Keywords: little millet, batter, soaking, fermentation

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PSFS-13 Storage Stability of Ready to Serve Beverages of Tamarind

Vanithasri.J1, Kanchana.S2, Banumathi.P3 and Kumar.S4,

12Dept. of Food Science & Nutrition, Home Science College & Research Institute, 3Home Science College & Research Institute,

4Dept. of Horticulture, Agricultural College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai 625 104.

Email. vanitsri@gmail.com

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is one of the most common and economically important, useful dry land fruit crops of our country. Tamarind is considered to be the sweetest and sourest of all fruits due to its exceptionally higher sugar and acid content in ripened stage. Hence, tamarind was utilized for processing of value added products. In the present study RTS beverages was prepared from tamarind with 10% juice, 150 brix TSS and 0.25% acidity and using dried ginger and cardamom along with different forms of sugar (Jaggery, Palm sugar and Palm gur). The ready to serve beverages were packed in glass bottles stored at room temperature (25-350C) to study the storage quality. The storage study showed that there was an decreasing trend in the pH (2.24 to 1.98), ascorbic acid (2.32 to 2.24 mg/100g), total sugar (14.28 to 13.92 g/100g) and total phenol (7.48 to 6.30 g/100g) and an increasing trend in acidity (0.28 to 0.42 g/100g), reducing sugar (11.36 to 11.92 g/100g) and tannin (5.4 to 7.2 g/100g) during storage. The cost of production of the tamarind RTS beverages was Rs. 3.60 per bottle (200ml). The sensory quality attributes were found to be highly acceptable even after storing for four months at room temperature.

Keywords: tamarind juice, value addition, shelf life.

PSFS-14

Sensory Attributes of Fibre Enriched Low Fat Masala Biscuits made of Dehulled Little Millet Flour

Josna B, Nirmala B Yenagi and Mamata Hazare,

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka

Email:uasd.idrc2011@gmail.com

Little millet (Panicum summatrense) is a minor millet which is generally used as bird feed. Even though it has got beneficial nutrients, it has disappeared from the food basket of both rural and urban population. Moreover, influence of western diet and sedentary life style resulted in a number of health disorders. Hence an effort was made to restore little millet as fibre and micronutrient rich food to the population. Biscuit is one of the most popular crispy snacks enjoyed by all age groups. In the present study low fat salt biscuits were prepared by incorporating 50, 60 and 75 per cent levels of de hulled little millet flour and evaluated for sensory attributes by 30 semi trained panel members using 9 point hedonic scale. 50 and 60 per cent incorporated salt biscuits were accepted though they had a slight bitter after taste. Hence, biscuits were modified to masala biscuits by incorporating omum and cumin seeds, characterised by medicinal properties which masked the bitter taste. Both 50 and 60 per cent levels were highly accepted and obtained high overall acceptability scores. Since there was no significant difference between 50 and 60 per cent levels, acceptability of 60 per cent incorporated de hulled little millet masala biscuit was preferred. The study also revealed that there was no significant difference in sensory attributes of biscuits prepared from de hulled and polished grains.

Keywords: little millet, fibre, micro nutrient, biscuits, value addition

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PSFS-15

Development and Quality Evaluation of Foxtail Millet incorporated Bread

Uma Ballolli1, Usha malagi1, Nirmala Yenagi1, Valerie Orsat2 and Yvan Gariepy2. 1Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Rural Home Science, University of

Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka. 2 Dept. of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Macdonald campus, Montreal, Canada.

Email: uma86k@yahoo.com

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is an important underutilized grain, grown in various parts of India. It grows well even under adverse agro climatic conditions. It is good source of dietary fiber and ß carotene. Foxtail millet incorporated breads were developed by incorporating foxtail millet flour at 10, 30 and 50 per cent level in the recipe. Non significant change in weight (116.30 to 116.44 g), length (11.73 to 11.63 cm) and breadth (5.86 to 5.53 cm) was observed between control and up to 50 per cent millet incorporated breads. Whereas height of the breads significantly affected with 50 per cent incorporation of foxtail millet flour. Value addition to breads with foxtail millet incorporation resulted in significant change in colour of both crust and crumb. Crumb colour changed from white to dull yellowish with increased incorporation of millet flour. The highest L value was found for 50 per cent (67.24) incorporated breads followed by control (53.56), 30 per cent (48.47) and 10 per cent (40.86). Compressive test of bread crumb showed significant difference between control and foxtail millet incorporated breads. Increased incorporation of foxtail millet increased hardness with harder crumb and grainy texture. Sensory evaluation scores revealed that the higher proportion of foxtail millet incorporation although decreased scores for colour, appearance and texture, the taste flavour and overall acceptability improved and are on par with control bread. Thus the study indicated that the potential of development of foxtail millet incorporated breads.

Keywords: foxtail millet, bread, value addition

PSFS-16 Nutritional Composition of Tamarind Fruits of Different Clones

Takhellambam Ranjita Devi, Pushpa Bharati, and Sunanda Itagi

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka Email: ranjitakhel@yahoo.co.in

A number of tamarind varieties have been developed by agricultural Universities with

varying physical and chemical characteristics. The fruit is composed of 55% pulp, 34% seed and 11% shell and fiber. Generally the chemical constituent of the ripe fruits varies depending upon location, soil, climate and other agro-climatic conditions. The most outstanding characteristics of tamarind are its sweetish acidic taste which is predominantly due to tartaric acid. Hence an investigation was undertaken with an objective to analyze the chemical composition of selected tamarind clones. Fourteen released (NTI-14, NTI-79 and PKM-1) and pre-released (NTI-84, NTI-80, NTI-77, NTI-32, NTI-31, NTI-19, NTI-15, NTI-5, SMG-13, SMG-4, TKA-1) tamarind clones were obtained from Dept. of Farm Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2011-12. After harvest, the selected clones were cleaned of shell, seed and fiber, chemical composition like moisture, titratable acidity, tartaric acid, pH, Total Soluble Solid and sugars were analyzed using standard procedures. Results indicated that moisture content ranged from 8.88 (TKA-1) to 20.31% (NTI-15), titratable acidity from 7.56 (SMG-4) to 14.40% (NTI-84), tartaric acid 8.90 (SMG-4) to 16.92% (NTI-84), total soluble solids 18 (NTI-14) to 260B (NTI-84). The clone NTI-

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14 possessed lower reducing and total sugars (28.56 and 32.80 mg/100g), while the clone NTI-79 contained higher values (36.42 and 51.97mg/100g). The non reducing sugar ranged from 3.32 mg/100g in NTI-80 to 21.43mg/100g in PKM-1. Though the pH content of the clones ranged from 3.0 to 3.3, it did not differ statistically.

Keywords: tamarind varieties, composition, tartaric acid PSFS-17

Process Development and Evaluation of Quality Characteristics of Multicereal Pasta

P.Vasantha Kumari 1 and Narayanasamy Sangeetha 2

Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University. Email: Vasanthi.phd@gmail.com

Today’s cereals are more nutritious than ever. Many leading cereals are made with whole

grain, calcium and vitamin D, while reducing sugar and limiting calories.The present study focussed on the use of multicereal for production of extruded products. Multicereal Composite mix was prepared using processing techniques such as soaking, sprouting, dehydration and milling. Physical properties namely bulk density, swelling power, water holding capacity, foam capacity and foam stability and nutritional properties namely , protein, ash, crude fiber, fat and carbohydrate, calorific value of the multicereal composite mix were analyzed. Extrusion cooking was carried out using a single screw extruder at 400rpm. The organoleptic qualities of extruded samples were analysed by panelists on a 9 point hedonic scale. The findings of the study revealed significant difference (P<0.05) in all the parameters between the control and multicereal pasta. The multicereal pasta is highly nutritious than the pasta made from a refined flour in all the parameters studied. Organoleptic evaluation stated that the multicereal pasta had higher scores and highly acceptable among the panellist. It is a potential breakfast as well as the snack food which serves the essential nutrients in a finger flip way.

Keywords: multi cereal mix, extrusion, nutritional value.

PSFS-18

Nutritional and Organoleptic Quality of Buns Fortified with Garden Cress Seeds (Lepidium sativum)

Bhavya S.N and Jamuna Prakash,

Dept. of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore Email : snbhavya@yahoo.co.in

The objective of the study was to determine the chemical composition and nutritional

quality of buns incorporated with Garden cress seeds at 4, 6 and 8% (GCS). Lepidium sativum is commonly known as ‘Garden Cress Seeds’ in English and ‘Chandra sura’ in Sanskrit. The seed is rich in proteins, vitamins, minerals, especially calcium, iron and folic acid and hence used in traditional diets. Chemical characteristics of buns such as moisture, protein, fat, antinutrients and bioaccessible nutrients were determined using standard methods and results are as follows- protein, 8.9-9.4g/100g, fat, 5.7-6.2 g/100g, iron, 7.7-10.7 mg/100g, calcium, 109.1-165.9mg/100g, total starch, 48.8-59.8 g/100g. Antinutrients like phytic acid and tannin were in the range of 17.0-28.1 and 86.0-97.2mg/100g respectively. Bioaccessible minerals (Ca & Fe), digestible protein and starch were also studied. Bioaccessible Fe ranged from 3.8-11.1 and Ca from 12.0-20.3% of total

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and digestible protein and starch from 44.8-45.3 and 72.0-87.6% of total respectively. Texture of bun crumb firmness was measured using texture analyzer. Maximum pressure was 30.2 mm in control and decreased as the addition of GCS increased. Crumb color was also measured in triplicates using Hunter Lab color measuring system. The L, a and b values of buns decreased with increasing GCS content. Sensory analysis of buns was done using descriptive score cards for crust and crumb shape, colour, texture and flavour and all products were found to be acceptable. It can be concluded that GCS can be used for value addition to baked products.

Key words: Garden cress, bun, value addition, nutritional value

PSFS-19

Nutritional Composition of Dehydrated Centella Asiatica Leaves and Formulation of Value Added Products

Darshan.C.B, Bhavya S.N. and Jamuna Prakash

Dept. of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, Manasagangothri, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 006

Email: darshanshastry@yahoo.com Centella asiatica, commonly known as 'Brahmi' is a medicinal herb used since pre-historic

times. The therapeutic use of this herbal remedy with wide range of applications has been well documented. Commercially Brahmi leaves are available as dehydrated powder which is recommended for medicinal use. The study involved nutritional analysis of commercial (CDL) and freshly dehydrated (FDL) Centella asiatica leaves, formulation of Chutney powders using 4 and 8% of leaf powder from both sources and sensory characteristics of formulated products. The nutritional composition of FDL showed the following values per 100g, protein, 14.8g; fat, 2.31g; iron, 23.8mg; calcium, 1495mg; dietary fiber, 7.37g and total carotenes, 32.03 mg. CDL had lower levels of protein, calcium and total carotenes, however, it had a high iron content. Bioaccessible iron and calcium in FDL was 12 and 20% of total. Formulated chutney powders had a higher protein (26.4-31.1g/100g) and fat (13.4-16.1g/100g) contents. Addition of FDL and CDL enhanced the iron and calcium contents. Bioaccessible iron and calcium ranged from 1.48-2.66mg and 54.8-72.8mg/100g respectively. The FDL and CDL added products showed lesser sensory scores in comparison to control products indicating the addition of Brahmi leaves lowered the acceptability of chutney powders, though nutritionally products were superior.

Keywords: bramhi leaves, value added products, medicinal value, nutritional composition

PSFS-20

Microbial Quality of Selected Commercial Samples of Fresh Fruit Juices from Mysore City

Divyashree S., Jamuna Prakash and Prabahavathi S.N

Dept. of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, Manasagangothri, University of Mysore, Mysore-570006, Karnataka

Email: shreedivya33@yahoo.com

Fruit juices are well recognized for their nutritive value, mineral, and vitamin content. In many tropical countries they are common man’s beverages and are sold at all public places and roadside shops. Since they are known for carrying heavy microbial load, the present investigation

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was undertaken to enumerate and identify the microorganisms in fruit juices (sweet lime, orange and pineapple juice) selected from three different street vended shops in Mysore. The fruit juice samples were analyzed for the following parameters; microbial analysis by serial dilution technique, pour plate method, gram’s staining method and staining for fungi; chemical analysis for pH, acidity, total solids, and total soluble solids. Results showed that the pineapple juice collected from source- 2 and 3 was highly contaminated with bacterial pathogens, with 25 x104CFU/ml and 20 x104CFU/ml number of colonies. All samples of fruit juices analysed were contaminated with feacal streptococci. In source- 2 and source- 3 all juices showed high counts of fungal colonies (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and yeast). Yeast was the common spoilage organism seen in all fruit juices. It is contended that contamination was mainly due to poor quality of water used for dilution as well as prevailing unhygienic conditions related to washing of utensils and maintenance of the premises. The result of the present study shows the poor hygienic quality of street vended fruit juices and the possible risk to the consumers.

Keywords: fruit juices, microbial load, sweet orange, pineapple

PSFS-21 Nutritional Composition of Coarse and Fine Cereal Flours and Effect of Microwave

Gelatinization on Bioaccessible Iron and Calcium

Sandeep P.G., Roopashree M. Bhavya S.N., Morteza Oghbaei, Shyamala B.N. and Jamuna Prakash.

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore - 570 006

Email : snbhavya@yahoo.co.in Whole grain nutrition has been gaining importance as removal of bran through process of

milling or sieving can alter the nutrient content of cereals. The objective of present study was to determine the nutritional composition of coarse and fine cereal flours [wheat, finger millet, sorghum and pearl millet] separated through sieving (60mµ). Microwave gelatinization was used to mimic the process of cooking and bioaccessible calcium and iron was determined in raw and cooked samples. Results indicated the following ranges of constituents in raw coarse and fine flours per 100g dry weight basis respectively, protein, 8.6-13.2 and 4.8-11.7g; fat, 1.7-4.4 and 1.2-4.9g; total ash, 0.71-4.3 and 1.3-3.0g; phosphorus, 210-326 and 131-225mg; calcium, 34-349 and 39-233mg; iron, 2.75-6.10 and 3.6-5.9mg; dietary fiber, 8.6-10.4 and 8.0-10.9g; phytates, 186-279 and127-183mg; tannins, 12-233 and 9.4-147.4mg. The ranges of bioaccessible iron (as % of total) in raw and gelatinized coarse flours were 2.5-4.1 and 5.6-10.0 and in fine flours these were 5.1-6.2 and 9.8-13.0%. Similar values for calcium in coarse flours were 52-64 and 60-78 and for fine flour, 65-80 and 60-78% respectively. Fine flours and gelatinized samples had a higher bioaccessibility in comparison with coarse and raw flours. Multiple regression analysis indicated insoluble dietary fiber and phytin phosphorus to be major influencing factor for inhibition of mineral absorption, however, their influence lessened in heat treated samples, thus increasing bioaccessibility.

Keywords: cereal flour, microwave, gelatinization, bio iron, calcium

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PSFS-22 Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Potential Of Blue

Grapes (Vitis vinifera) Pomace

Shyamala B. N. and Jamuna Prakash Dept. of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, Manasagangotri,

University of Mysore, Mysore-570 006. Email: bn.shyamala@gmail.com

The suitability of blue grapes pomace, a by-product of the juice industry, as a source of

nutrients and bioactive components was investigated. Initially the juice was extracted from blue grapes and the left over pomace was dried at 50oC, powdered and analyzed for its nutritional composition and antioxidant potential in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power assay and total antioxidant activity. The antioxidant components viz., anthocyanins, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and bioactive potential of the pomace such as bile acid binding and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity were analyzed. Results showed that pomace contained (g/100g dry weight basis) protein, 3.57; fat, 1.78; insoluble fiber, 28.2 and soluble fiber, 12.78. The antinutrient content such as phytate was 50 mg/100g, while total and water soluble oxalates were negligible. Polyphenols were high in methanol (836 mg/dl) followed by aqueous (613 mg/dl) and ethanol (592 mg/dl) extracts. Pomace was rich in tannins i.e. 2391 mg and ascorbic acid was around 13 mg/100g. Considering the antioxidant activity of blue grapes pomace in different extraction media, methanol and aqueous extracts showed the strongest effect on the DPPH radicals, 85.99% and 78.88% respectively. Blue grapes residue showed high (82%) cholic acid binding. Alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of blue grapes was 28% and 10% in methanol and aqueous extracts. Based on these results it can be said that blue grapes pomace powder can be used as a functional food.

Keywords: blue grape pomace, industrial byproduct , antioxidant activity, functional food

PSFS-23 Development of Instant Diabetes Soup Mix

Ruksana Begum. S, K. V. Sucharitha and M.Uma Rani

Dept. of Home Science, S.V. University, Tirupati

Prevalence of diabetes and life style diseases have been increasing in the recent years .Diet affects the blood sugar levels and insulin levels in the body. A soup is a liquid food prepared from meat, fish, or vegetable stock combined with various other ingredients and often containing solid pieces. The present study was under taken to formulate and standardize Instant diabetic soup mix with the broccoli agathi flowers and soya bean. Broccoli is a super source for chromium that helps to regulate insulin and blood sugar. Agathi flower, contains large amounts of insulin. Hence, it is used for the treatment of diabetes. Soya bean is also best in preventing neurological complications like numbness of feet and shivering of hands that is very common among many diabetics, ginger increases insulin sensitivity, garlic possesses a beneficial potential in reversing proteinuria blood sugar and cholesterol, onion is claimed to have anti diabetic activity cinnamon and fenugreek control blood sugar. Different formulae were composed to standardize the soup mix, the soup mix was then added to hot water and cooked. The samples are subjected to sensory evaluation by two different age groups the sample which had scored the maximum sensory scores is considered as the standard formula for the development of instant diabetic soup mix. Promotion of diabetes soup mix is one of the appropriate means to improve the health status of diabetic patient as it provides health benefits. Keywords: instant diabetic soup mix, broccoli, agathi soya bean

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PSFS-24 Formulation and Evaluation of Value Added Soup Powder

Nandhinei.M , Lakshmi.U.K

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore

Email: nandhinei.13@gmail.com

In today’s modern world, people prefer to buy convenience foods like instant soup mixes. They can be made more valuable by the addition of functional foods. The present study aims to evaluate the value added tomato soup powders. Tomatoes were blanched, removed seeds, pureed, cooked, dried in cabinet driers and powdered. With the tomato powder, instant tomato soup mix was standardized. Functional foods like drumstick leaves, wheat germ, soya grits, flax seed and lotus stem were dried and powdered. These powders were added at 5, 10, and 15 per cent to the standardized tomato soup mix. Findings revealed that tomato soup prepared with 5 per cent of various functional food powders were most acceptable. Nutrients were analyzed and compared with standard. Carbohydrate and iron content of tomato soup powder was increased by 6.9 and 5.5 per cent respectively on addition of dried lotus stem powder and 3.9 and 2.7 per cent with drumstick leaf powder. While the protein and fat content was found to be increased by 4.3 and 3.9 per cent respectively on addition of powdered soya grits. Crude fibre content was increased by 1.99 per cent on addition of lotus stem powder. Vitamin – C and calcium content increased by 18.9 and 1.7 per cent respectively on addition of drumstick leaf powder. The study exposed the possibility of value addition to commonly consumed tomato soup mix for the therapeutic purpose.

Keywords: tomato soup, value addition, powder nutriceutical

PSFS-25

Standardization and Formulation of Multi-Nutrient Instant Mix Powder for Children

Geedhu Krishna, G.R., Gilbis Tamil Priya G.C Dept. of Nutrition and Dietetics, Muslim Arts College, Thiruvithancode, Kanyakumari-629174.

E-mail: geedhu1234@gmail.com

A multi-nutrient instant mix powder for children was developed and standardized with the objectives for improving the health status and provide more nutrients for children. The multi–nutrient instant mix powder was prepared by mixing brown rice, ragi, bengal gram, green gram, agathi, amaranth, carrot, banana, almond, watermelon seed, pumpkin seed, amla, skimmed milk powder and jaggery. Raw materials in fresh form without any insect infestation were washed well, sundried and powdered. This powder was used to prepare recipes such as malted gruel and laddu. The sensory evaluation, nutrient analysis, and cost analysis were done for this product. Sensory analysis of powder shows 84 per cent acceptability and in recipes malted gruel gain 84 per cent and laddu gain 90 per cent, while comparing the recipes laddu gain high percentage in appearance texture, taste, flavor and colour. In nutrient analysis the powder, got high nutritive value such as carbohydrate, protein, �- carotene. In recipes laddu got high value than malted gruel. While comparing the keeping quality, the multi nutrient instant mix powder has higher keeping quality up to one month and in recipies, laddu has higher keeping quality than malted gruel. On microbial analysis the count was higher in malted gruel as compared to laddu. The cost analysis was done by comparing the product rate, labour cost, miscellaneous cost and fuel cost. The results revealed that, the multi nutrient instant mix powder developed mainly for the benefit of children had a better acceptance level. Keywords: multi nutrient instant mix, children, nutritional value.

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PSFS-26 Comparision of Manual and Machine Made Papads

Sugantha Rajamani, S.M.Naikare

Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition S.N.D.T. College of Home Science, Pune. E- mail: sugantha.rajamani@rediffmail.com

Papad, also known as “applam” or “papadum”, a popular food item in India is essentially a thin wafer like product usually rolled to a circular shape from dough made with pulse flour mostly black gram dhal, spices, edible vegetables and alkaline additives. It is normally consumed after roasting or oil frying. Besides being a snack item it is also a good adjunct in the Indian diet. However, to increase production and to cater to the increasing export market and domestic demand, the industry is moving speedily towards automation. Fulfillment of the quality requirements, standardization of shape, size, flavor as well as large quantities as per growing market, mechanization is required. But the acceptability of machine made papad is low, as it does not give a ideal texture when compared to handmade papad despite the fact that machine -made papad are much more hygienic and wholesome than the handmade papad. An attempt has been made to bring about improvement in the textural qualities of machine made papad through incorporation of modified starch being prepared from the basic ingredient. The study consists of inclusion of modified starch in varying proportions to the basic ingredient. The proportion includes 80:20, 70:30, 60:40. This modified starch was prepared from the basic ingredient that is black gram dhal. The papads were subjected to three treatments that are handmade, processing in a commercial plant and preparing using the foot operated papad press machine (CFTRI make). The prepared papads were studied for their physical parameters, expansion characteristic, sensory qualities, and microbiology as well as chemical parameters for a period of 60 days.

Keywords: manual vs machine made papad, texture, refinement, sensory analysis

PSFS-27

Development and Quality Evaluation of Protein Rich Extruded Snacks

Joy Jasmine.P , Aruna.M Dept. school of food science. M.O.P Vaishnav College for Women (Autonomous) , Chennai

E-mail: glad.joy15@gmail.com

The current study evolved with an idea of formulating a protein rich snack. Extrusion technology has become one of the major processes for producing convenience foods. Extruded foods range from breakfast cereals to snack foods containing modified starch and flour. The chief ingredient utilized in extruded snack food includes cereals and legume flours. Corn grits and rice grains were milled to flour and malt from green gram and soy bean were prepared. It was then formulated into different ratios. The first variation was incorporated with green gram malt and the second with soybean malt. The control in the ratio 8:2 was used for the study. Legume malt improves the taste and availability of the nutrients. Extrusion cooking was employed in order to add new dimensions to the snack product. Sensory analysis was conducted by trained panel members. They adjudged soyabean malt sample as the best sample with respect to all parameters. Consequently the products were also subjected to physicochemical (free fatty acid, peroxide value, ash, moisture) and nutrient analysis (protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber) in comparison with the control. It can be concluded that an acceptable good quality protein enriched

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ready to eat extruded snack could be prepared by using flours of 70% of rice, 10% of corn grits, 20% of green gram or soybean malt.

Keywords: extrusion technology, corn, rice, green grain, soya bean, snack

PSFS-28

Quality Characteristics of Muskmelon (Cucumis Melo) Fruit Ready to Serve Beverage

S. Radhai Sri, and P. Sujitha

Dept of Nutrition, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore Email: radhaisris@yahoo.com

India has the distinction of producing tropical and exotic fruits because of the diverse agro-

climatic zones. It is the seventh largest producer of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) in the world. Muskmelon is one of the underutilized juicy fruit possessing high nutritional and medicinal value resulting in a number of health benefits for consumers. The fruits are highly perishable and the fruits unfit for table purpose do not find ready market and deteriorate because of limited shelf life. An effort was undertaken to formulate and analyze quality characteristics of Muskmelon based Ready To Serve [RTS] beverage. The homogenized and sterilized pulp was utilized for formulation of RTS, based on FPO specification. Response measurement technique, nutrient content, organoleptic characteristics and microbial load were studied periodically. Fruit pulp had 6° Brix, 0.06% acidity and 24.6mg % of vitamin C. A slight increase in TSS and acidity was noticed in drink on storage. RTS secured maximum score for different sensory attributes and provided trace levels of protein, fat and 10.8mg of vitamin C per 200ml. In addition, it supplied 110µg and 133mg of � carotene and potassium respectively per serving. RTS stored at room temperature exhibited a bacterial count less than permissible level. The results highlighted that formulation of muskmelon based RTS beverage would not only minimize the post harvest loss but also provide substantial amount of micronutrients.

Keywords: muskmelon, RTS beverage, organoleptics, microbial load, value addition PSFS-29

STUDIES ON DEHYDRATION OF OKRA

Lalitha Devi. C, K.V.Sucharitha, Y.B.Bhagath, A.M.Beulah, Baby depuru Dept. of Home Science, S.V. University, Tirupati

Email: bhagathfoodtech@gmail.com Okra (Abelmoschuse esculentus) is commonly known as ladies finger, which is an

important vegetable crop of tropics and sub tropics. Okra fruit become unfit for consumption two days as much as after picking as the fruit shrivels, blackening of edges. 20-30 of fresh fruit production is wasted every year due to lack of adequate cold storage units and proper post-harvest and handling practices. Shelf life of the okra fruits were relatively short and there is a need to convert in to value added product such as canned and dehydrated vegetables to reduce the post-harvest losses. The present study was designed to develop dehydrated okra cut into three geometrical shapes. These type of cuts in fruits enhance the prolonged shelf life and keeping quality on dehydration of of okra. In preservation of okra, the dehydration process was carried out

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after completion of sub treatment. In this process, okra slices were treated with preliminary chemical compounds such as salt solution, potassium metabisulphite(KMS) and sodium benzoate to prevent the deterioration during drying, and to improve the dehydration ratio and color.Three samples of dehydrated okra with three different types of cuts was developed. Among the three samples the first sample which have 1.5cm thick cross cut slices treated with potassium metabisulphite(KMS) recorded comparatively higher dehydration value(97.40) as well as rehydration value(37.53).The colour as quality parameter of dehydrated okra was not influenced by any of the main treatments sub treatments .However, okra slices treated with potassium metabisulphite(KMS) and sodium benzoate recorded higher colour(4.06) and greater retention of nutritive value and this treatments could be adopted for effective processes and marketing of dehydrated okra subject to certification by FDA. Keywords: okra, value addition, dehydration PSFS-30

Development of Recipes with Vegetable and Fruit Peels

Vaishali Dhanvijay* and Varadlaxmi Tuljapurkar Dept. of Home science, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 444602

E mail : vaishali.vijay@rediffmail.com

Vegetable and fruit peels are known for roughage and are treated as wastes and are very rarely used as eatables.The main objective of the study was to develop suitable recipes using selected vegetable and fruit peels and to carry out their sensory and nutritional evaluation. For vegetable peel recipes, peels of ridge gourd, bottle gourd and pumpkin were selected. For fruit peel recipes peels of banana, apple and watermelon were selected. The study was carried out in two phases; estimation of calcium, phosphorus and fibre of the vegetable and fruit peels and sensory evaluation of the recipes developed. Among peels the highest calcium was found in bottle gourd peels. The phosphorus content of banana peels was highest. Fibre content of watermelon peels was highest and is much more than the edible portion. All the vegetable and fruit peels contain more fibre content than in edible portions except apple peels which contain fibre same as in edible portion. The recipes developed for vegetable peels were dry Chutney and wet Chutney and for fruit peels were vegetable with gram flour and with coconut and groundnut powder.Sensory evaluation of the recipes was done by using 9 point Hedonic rating test ranging from ‘like extremely’ to ‘dislike extremely’. No significant difference was found between the two variations of each vegetable peels recipe and fruit peels recipe. It can be concluded that vegetable and fruit peels are good sources of calcium, phosphorus and fibre and the recipes formulated using vegetable and fruit peels are palatable and acceptable.

Keywords: fruit and vegetable peels, value addition, nutritional value, recipes PSFS-31

Organoleptic Evaluation of Selected Pearl Millet Cultivars Grown in I-C Zone Of Rajasthan

Dashrath Bhati and Madhu Goyal

Dept. of Foods and Nutrition, College of Home Science, Rajasthan Agricultural University,Bikaner, Rajasthan

Nine cultivars of pearl millet, grown in I-c zone of Rajasthan were evaluated for

organoleptic quality. Organoleptic evaluation of all the pearl millet cultivars by preparing basic

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recipies (chappati and khichada) showed significant variation (P≥0.05) in terms of mean scours for colour, appearance, flavour, taste and overall acceptability. All the cultivars were found to be acceptable in the form of chappati and khichada. However hybrid cultivars had better preference followed by land races and composite cultivars. Among hybrids, RHB 121 was found to be more acceptable.

Keywords: bajra, screening of cultivars, organic evaluation

PSFS-32

Pesticide Residue Content and Nutritional Quality of Selected Whole and

Processed Food Grains Grown in Central Telangana Zone of Andhra Pradesh

Divya. K1 and K.Uma Maheswari2

College of Home Science, Dept. of Foods and Nutrition, Acharaya N.G Ranga Agriculture University, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad

Email: divyanutrition@gmail.com The use of pesticides has become inevitable in agriculture due to diverse reasons.

Consequently, there is excessive use of pesticides to combat pests and diseases. Pesticide usage is age old and over the decades, there have been various alterations in the pattern of usage owing to surged awareness. Therefore, the current investigation was undertaken to estimate pesticide residues in selected food grains grown in the Central Telangana Zone (Warangal, Medak and Khammam) of Andhra Pradesh. The crops selected for the study were jowar, maize, blackgram and bengalgram. The recommended package of practices of pesticide usage by the farmers was studied using structured questionnaire specifically developed for the study. 50-60% of the farmers were getting the yield per acre as recommended level, Farmers had experienced many health implications as a consequence of unsafe handling and application of pesticides, due to lack of knowledge .There is a need to educate the farmers about ill health effects of not taking proper precautions during the application of pesticides and to avoid the minor and major health aliments. Maximum percent of the farmers were applying the pesticides more than the recommended level for various crops. The selected food samples were analyzed for nutritional quality (standard procedure given by AOAC) and pesticide residue content in two forms i.e. whole and processed forms. The proximates analyzed were moisture, protein, fat, ash, fibre and carbohydrate. Statistically significant difference at 5% level was observed with regard to all the nutrients analysed between the whole and the processed samples, except protein in jowar and maize, fat and ash in jowar and carbohydrate in jowar, maize and blackgram. The pesticide residues analyzed were monocrotophos, acephate, chloropyrifos, quinalphos, carbofuran and endosulfan.The results were analyzed in selected whole and processed food grains and they were found to be below the detection limits (BDL). Pesticide residues are relatively less likely to persist in cereals and pulses than in vegetables or fruits. This perhaps was due to the fact that cereals and pulses contained low moisture content, thus not enabling pesticide residues to persist.

Keywords: pesticide, residues, cereals, pulses, bio-safety

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PSFS-33

DEVELOPMENT OF BISCUITS USING MILLETS

Bindu.V and D.Sreeranjani Dept. of Home Science, Sri Padmavathi Mahila VisvaVidyalayam, Tirupati.

Email: vbindu.spmvv@gmail.com Millets are important sources of many nutrients including dietary fibre ,several vitamins

and minerals specially iron,magnesium and selenium. There is a need to provide millet based food products in the form of ready to use grains, convenience foods or mixes to meet the demands of the present day consumers. Thus the a millet biscuits with four variations were formulated, standardized and developed using ragi, Bajra and jowar by substituting the basic ingredients and incorporating the millet flours. The prepared biscuits was subjected to organoleptic evaluation for acceptability and nutrient analysis. The results of mean and SD values on ANNOVA for attribute overall acceptability indicated that Variation III has high acceptabity (70% Millet flour and 30% maida ) considered excellent. The nutrient composition for protein(13.78g),96mg calcium, 4.2mg of iron and 253.8mg of magnesium, followed by Variation II with 50% maida and 50% millet flour.

Keywords: millets, biscuits, organoleptics, nutrient composition

PSFS-34

Standardization and Development of Noni Leaf Tea Powder

Vinod Kumar.P , D.L Kusuma, K.V Sucharitha Dept. of Home Science, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati.

Email: vinnukumar9@gmail.com

Noni is the common name for Morinda citrifolia belongs to Rubiaceae family. It is a tropical tree native to Polynesia, especially Tahiti and Hawaii. The fruits, leaves, stems and roots have all been used in Polynesia ‘Kahuna’, as traditional healers in food and beverages. The emphasis on noni leaf powder was of atmost important as the modern research has identified several important and beneficial nutritional compounds in Noni. The added advantage was increased efficacy of immune system and the proven flavonoid rich compounds processing anti-oxidant activity imported antimicrobial, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Two compositions Noni Herbal Lemon Tea (NHLT) and Noni Herbal tea (NHT) was developed. Noni leaf powder was added in the proportions of 2.5,3, and 5 g to both the teas. The prepared variations were subjected to sensory evaluation. Among the developed variations 2.5 g noni leaf powder composition was acceptable than the other variations. The present research was done to standardize the Noni leaf tea powder.

Key words : morinda citrifolia, nutritional compounds, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal properties

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PSFS-35

Enrichment of Tea Using Baker’s Yeast as A Source of Vitamin D

Annalakshmi Chatterjee and Megha Jalan. Department of Food Science & Nutrition Management, J. D. Birla Institute, 11,

Lower Rawdon Street, Kolkata 700 020 Email:annalakiicb@yahoo.co.in

A tea beverage was prepared using baker’s yeast as a source of vitamin D to reduce the

incidence of the D vitamin deficiency. The results revealed that enrichment of this vitamin could be carried out by fermentation and that yeast on exposure to UV and sunlight could be a potential source of vitamin D. Also sunlight could be used as a source in domestic household. Yeast after exposure to UV light showed maximum vitamin D content followed by exposure to sunlight. A reduction in total residual sugar and increase in yield of ethanol were observed. Black and Earl Grey tea were well accepted as a fermented beverage in comparison with other varieties. Total phenolic content greatly varied with normal tea followed by the fermented beverages. The phenolic content decreased with time of fermentation. This makes tea less bitter and more acceptable. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the beverages were found to be promising as compared to standard antioxidant and antibiotic respectively.

Keywords: enrichment tea, baker’s yeast, vitamin D

PSFS-36

Phyto-chemical Analysis of various Tropical Fruit Juices and

their Nutritional Value

B. Vijaya Kumar1 and O.V.S. Reddy2 1. Department of Biotechnology, 2. Department of Biochemistry,

Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502 E-mail: ovsreddy@yahoo.com

Tropical fruits by their evaluation grow well under a tropical or subtropical climate; and do

not tolerate frost. There are hundreds of edible tropical fruits some of which have very high export potential all over the world. India is the largest producer of fruits in the world with an annual production of 46 million tons. Most of the tropical fruits are important source of antioxidants, vitamins and minerals; and form a healthy part of a diet. The present study on tropical fruits like Mango (Mangifera indica L.), Sapota (Manilkara zapota L) and Grape (Vitis vinifera L) (white and black) juices used for phyto-chemical analysis. Comparative phyto-chemical analysis showed that these fruit juices contain carbohydrates, flavoniods, tannis and glycosides. But the alkaloids and saponins were absent. Mango contains a high concentration of sugars, acids with good organoleptic properties and also contains antioxidants, rich source of vitamin A (beta-carotene). Chemical composition of sapota juice revealed that it is one of the rich sources of vitamins, sugars, proteins, ascorbic acid, phenolics, carotenoids and minerals like iron, copper, zinc, calcium and potassium. Grapes are the storehouse of numerous health promoting phyto-nutrients such as poly-phenolic antioxidants, vitamins and minerals. Generally we need to include all the fruits in our regular diet, in the form of fresh fruits or juice since they are very good source of antioxidants, vitamins and minerals Tropical fruit juices could serve as healthy beverages for consumers of all

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ages. Further studies are under progress in our laboratory to make use of the fruit juices for the purpose of probiotication. Keywords: tropical fruit juices, phytochemical analysis, nutritional values.

PSFS-37

Tannase Extraction from Agro-Waste and its Application in Debittering of Apple Juice

Sonali Ghosh1 and Shweta Singh2

Dept. of Food and Nutrition, J.D. Birla, Institute, 11, Lower Rawdon Street, Kolkata – 700020, India. Email: sonali.ghosh9@yahoo.com , shweta.9jdb@gmail.com

Tannins are responsible for haziness and bitter taste in apple juice, making it commercially unacceptable. Industrial techniques for debittering apple juice are expensive. Therefore an initiative was taken to debitter apple juice by cost effective process using tannase. Extracellular tannase was extracted from the fermented agricultural waste of red gram husk, using Aspergillus niger. Enzyme production was evaluated using microbial solid-state fermentation (mSSF) at different pH and incubation period. The optimum condition of pH and incubation period was found to be 5.5 and 72 hrs of incubation. The crude enzyme was purified using acetone precipitation followed by DEAE cellulose chromatography which leads to 21.36 fold of purification and 23% recovery. SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the band of tannase at 72 kDa. The native form of the purified tannase was detected at 180 kDa (approx) during gel localization studies of tannase activity. The apple juice (10% v/v) was treated with purified enzyme with an activity of 100 U/ml at room temperature for 2 hrs. Tannase treatment resulted in 81% degradation of tannins in the treated fruit juice compared that for control juice. The results were encouraging as the overall acceptability of the juice was satisfactory with minimal loss of nutritional constituents in the treated juice.

Keywords: red gram husk, tannasa, apple juice

PSFS-38

Development of Dietary Fiber Enriched Skim Milk Paneer

Qureshi, Mehar Afroz1; Karthikeyan, S.2; Punita K.3; Khan, P. A.4; Uprit, S.5; Agarwal, A.K.6 and Goel.B.K7

Dairy Technology, College of Dairy Technology, C.G.K.V., Raipur, C.G., India 23 MATS University, Raipur, C.G., India

4567R.A., School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. R.S.U, Raipur, C.G., India Email: mehar_afroz21@rediffmail.com; mehar_mariya21@yahoo.com

Investigation was undertaken to exploit the benefits of inulin, with an objective to prepare

inulin enriched skim milk paneer. The fresh buffalo milk was procured and analyzed for fat and SNF. It was standardized to Fat:SNF of 1:1.65. The remaining milk was separated and the skim milk was used for incorporating inulin. Three lots of paneer were prepared from viz., standardized buffalo milk (T1) that served as control, incorporation of 1% inulin in skim milk at the time of coagulation (T2) and at the time of preheating (T3). Paneer was prepared by heating each lot separately to 90oC/no hold and subsequently coagulated using 1 % citric acid solution at 70oC. the whey was drained, coagulum was placed into hoops and pressed for 15 min. Chemical analysis of

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fresh paneer was carried out for fat, SNF, acidity and T.S., sensory evaluation was performed for flavor, body and texture, colour and appearance characteristics using standard score card. The control paneer (T1) had highest fat content of 23.5%, T.S. of 49%, moisture of 51% while T2 and T3 paneer samples had only 0.1% fat whereas TS and moisture contents ranged from 58% to 55% and 42% to 45% respectively. The acidity contents of T1, T2, and T3 sample were 0.20, 0.22 and 0.21 respectively. The T3 paneer had flavour and body and textural scores of 39 (out of 50) and 30 (out of 35) respectively and was almost comparable to that of control (T1) paneer which secured 41 and 32 respectively, while the T2 paneer had the lowest scores of 38 and 26 respectively for these sensory characteristics. There was no much difference in colour and appearance scores among these three paneer samples. Therefore, addition 1% inulin (to mimic fat) in skim milk at time of pre-heating to produce inulin enriched paneer with improved fiber profile which was almost comparable to that of control with respect to sensory characteristics.

Key words: paneer, inulin, fat replacer, prebiotic, texture agent

PSFS-39

Characterization of Bacteriocin A Food Preservative Produced by Probotic Lactobacillus Fermentum Isolated from Home Made Yogurt

M. Charitha Devi and N. S. Meera Dept. of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

E mail: Charithamekala@gmail.com

As demand for reduction in use of chemical additives in food and for more natural and microbiologically safe food products is increasing, bacteriocins may have considerable potential for food preservation. The work was aimed to isolate Lactobacillus strains of potential bioprotective application from home-made yogurt. Out of 27 strains isolated, only one strain of Lactobacillus was identified as Lactobacillus fermentum through phylogenetic analysis and possess antagonistic activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative food-borne pathogens. Because of the interesting inhibition spectrum of Lactobacillus fermentum, it was selected for bacteriocin production. Bacteriocin, a biomolecule produced by Lactobacillus fermentum was partially purified, and the size of the molecule is determined as 35 k Da with SDS-PAGE. The present study concluded that the bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus fermentum having broad spectrum bactericidal activity against food-borne pathogens can be considered as a biopreservative. Keywords: bacteriocin, yogurt, food safety PSFS-40

Role of microbial endophytes in enhancing the bioactive compounds in Stevia rebaudiana: a nutraceutical plant

D.Anitha1, T.Vijaya2*, D.Pragathi1

1Dept. of Biotechnology, 2Dept. of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, A.P. India. E-mail: tarttevijaya@yahoo.co.in

Stevia rebaudiana belongs to the family Asteraceae. The bioactive compounds responsible

for its sweet organoleptic tastes are two terpenoides, known as stevioside and rebaudioside, which are 300 times sweeter than sucrose. Stevia leaves also contain six other compounds which are

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said to be having insulin balancing properties. Due to the non calorie nature, Stevia leaves and their compounds are used in many therapeutic applications such as diabetes, obesity, plague retardant, yeast infection, oral health, skin toning and wounds in the developed and developing countries. Drug industry requires large quantities of biomass for extraction of the sweetening compounds; there is a need to enhance its biomass through cultural techniques and application of manures and fertilizers including biofertilizers. Biofertilizers play an important role as a supplement to improve growth and yield of several agricultural, horticultural and forestry. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza improved growth and biomass of plant. The application of microbial inoculants would help in enhancing the stevioside content which has wide economic importance as substitute to sugar .The final will be presented.

Keywords: stevia, bioactive compounds , nutraceutical �

PSFS-41 Endophytes Improves Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crop Production

D.Pragathi1, T.Vijaya2* and K.Chandramouli1 1Dept. of Biotechnology, 2Dept. of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, A.P. India.

E-mail: tarttevijaya@yahoo.co.in

Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in crop production has decreased significantly over the last 40 years. This together with the increasing cost and rapid depletion of phosphorus, potassium and other mined minerals has raised concerns about the sustainability of current crop production systems and future food security. Plants are associated with microorganisms: endophytic bacteria and fungi, which live inter and intra-cellularly in plants without inducing pathogenic symptoms, while interacting with the host biochemically and genetically. Endophytic microorganisms may function as plant growth and defense promoters by synthesizing phytohormones, producing biosurfactants, enzymes or precursors for secondary plant metabolites, fixing atmospheric nitrogen and CO2, or controlling plant diseases, as well as providing a source for new bioactive natural products with utility in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and other life science applications. Root colonising endophytes ,free-living , symbiotic N2-fixers, AM-fungi and antagonistic or crop-resistance eliciting micro-organisms may significantly increase nutrient use efficiency in crop plants. The importance of improving our understanding of the direct and indirect modes of action of endophytes and plant-endophyte-environment interactions that affect their impact on the NUE of crop-plant will be described using examples of published research results. Potential strategies to increase the activity of direct and indirect modes of actions linked to NUE will be discussed.

Keywords: endophytes, phytohormones, crop resistance�

PSFS-42 Selection of cell line for triterpenoids production from Centella asiatica,

an important medicinal and nutraceutical plant.

Vasu.N.Reddy1, T.Vijaya2*, S.B.Ghosh3

1Dept. of Biotechnology, 2Dept. of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 3NA & BTD, BARC, Mumbai. M.H. India.

E-mail: tarttevijaya@yahoo.co.in

Centella asiatica accumulates large quantities of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins, collectively known as centelloids. The centelloids includes asiaticoside, madecassosisde, brahmoside, thankuniside, sceffoleoside, centellose, asiatic acid, brahmic acid, centellic and

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madecassic acids. They possess strong diuretic, antispasmodic, circulation stimulatory and wound healing properties besides they are used in the treatment of leprosy, ulcer, asthma, bronchitis, elephantiasis, eczemas, anxiety, mental disorders, urethritis, and in the treatment of skin diseases. Considering its medicinal, nutraceutical properties and over-exploitation of this plant species, there is a need for a tissue culture technique as an alternative production system. Investigation of cell suspension culture response to different plant growth regulators (PRGs) for centelloids production from elite cell line was carried out. Callus cultures were initiated from the leaf explants of Centella on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing B5 vitamins and 30 g/L sucrose supplemented with different concentrations (0.5-2.5 mg/L) of 2,4-D, NAA, Dicamba, Picloram and IBA supplied singly and in combination with different concentrations (0.5-1.5 mg/L) of kinetin, BAP.2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and I mg/L kinetin in MS medium giving highest biomass yield and triterpenoid content. Two accessions of Centella asiatica were cultured in vitro and analyzed for the contents of triterpenoids. The CA03 is found superior over CA23.

Keywords: nutraceutical, centella , centelloids. triterpenoids

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Probiotics in Pediatrics

Dr. Vivek Garg

Manager Medico Marketing, Nestle

Intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem which contributes significantly to the body’s immune defenses. Colonization of gut with microbiota starts with child’s exposure to the external environment during birth. Thereafter, the infants and children regularly ingest bacteria through breast feeding, complimentary feeding and regular diet. Breast milk also contains a number of probiotics species and strains of genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium such as L reuteri, L lactis, L salivarium, B animalis, B bifidum and B longum etc. This intestinal microbial milieu is important in maintaining the immune defenses of a child.

Microbiota composition and/or metabolic activity can be regulated through nutrition and

probiotics, to increase the number of beneficial bacteria, which contributes to boosting immunity and improving overall health. According to FAO/WHO, probiotics are live, [non-pathogenic] bacteria which when consumed in adequate amount, confer a health benefit to the host. The probiotic microbes act via multiple mechanisms and contribute to the intestinal barrier function, local immunity (IgA production), inhibit growth of pathogenic micro-organisms and have systemic immunomodulatory properties. The host response of probiotics is strain specific and depends upon multiple other factors such as dose, species, gut viability etc. Most frequently studied probiotics belong to the Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, or Streptococcus genera.

Evidence based decisions are a key towards better health outcomes. Probiotic strains are

being currently applied clinically to reduce or treat infections, reduce the risk of atopic diseases, prevention of Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in Low birth weight babies, infantile colic, and to improve the immune defenses in children. The efficacy and safety of many probiotic strains has been conclusively proven in varied childhood conditions. However, caution must be taken for the use of probiotics in infants and children with compromised immunity.

Various clinical studies including meta-analyses have shown benefits of using probiotics for

the treatment and prevention of diarrhea during childhood. Modest efficacy with use of probiotics has been documented for the treatment of acute viral gastroenteritis in healthy children and the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in healthy children. Similarly, significant improvements in the clinical course of atopic eczema are reported with use of probiotics during infancy. Disease activity was also found to be reduced with use of probiotics in children with Crohn’s disease. There are many areas which are under investigation such as childhood Helicobacter pylori gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic ulcerative colitis, and infantile colic. Hence, dietary strategies with inclusion of specific probiotic strains with documented health benefits will play a significant role in modulating various disease processes leading to positive health outcomes.

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Iron Deficiency Anaemia : Building Community Awareness and Affordable Nutrition Solution

Renu Kohli

Head, Nutrition and Health Policy, PepsiCo India

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies in the world, and more than half of the population in India is anemic. Within the domain of micronutrient deficiency the more pervasive problem of Iron Deficiency anemia (IDA) is critical to address as it leads to decrease in physical performance, unusual tiredness in adults and negatively impacts scholastic performance, physical activity, learning capabilities as well as psychomotor development of children, hence, cutting across all age groups and socio economic groups. According to NHFS 3 data, the IDA status is worsening when compared to NFHS 2.Iron deficiency anemia is rampant in India and is prevalent at all income levels: LIG (76%) , MIG(69%) and HIG(56%) and is impacting the most vulnerable age group ie women (56%) and children (70%)

Thereby, in an attempt to overcome IDA, PepsiCo India had made an effort to make a socially meaningful impact in the target group by providing iron education and providing a affordable nutrition solution to the community. In this direction PepsiCo has focused efforts in two programs: Project ASHA and Get Active Program.

Project ASHA was a pilot program in Andhra Pradesh to address iron deficiency anaemia among adolescent girls (13-19 yrs) through an educational program and the introduction of an iron (NaFe EDTA) fortified extruded snack .PepsiCo worked on an intensive school and community led educational program focusing on adolescent girls and their mothers in the area of Guntur and Tenali towns. Andhra Pradesh was chosen as the focus state as it has one of the highest proportions of severely anaemic women (63%) and children (71%). PepsiCo visited about 272 primary and secondary schools to educate young girls and their mothers on the symptoms, causes and prevention of iron deficiency through an audio/visual based educational program. The impact assessment of the community program was measured by IMRB through a baseline and endline measurement in the pilot geography as well as in control geography.

To complement Project ASHA, an extruded snack fortified with sodium FeEDTA (recommended by WHO) delivering 25% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of iron and 50% RDA of Vitamin B1, B12 and Folate for Rs 2 was introduced. IMRB conducted the impact assessment of the pre and post community education program on three measurement metrics : Awareness of IDA, Understanding of symptoms of IDA along with awareness of at least 3 iron rich foods and Action on the consumption of 7 or more iron rich foods among girls. The findings showed positive shift in the span of 7 months in all the measurement metrics ie . shift from 37% to 91% in awareness of IDA, from 16% to 80% in understanding of IDA symptoms ,from 26% to 95% in awareness of iron rich foods and finally shift from 36% to 58% was observed in action on consumption of iron rich foods. Even more so, there is clear qualitative read on the fact that girls

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touched by the program developed greater self-esteem and are acting as change agents within their families, communities and friends to bring about behavior change towards eating iron rich foods.Holistically, this program aims to mainstream nutrition-rich products to make enough profit to fund the extensive education program.The program succeeded in reaching over 74,000 girls in 73 communities, 91 villages and 272 schools.

In line with our commitment to WHO on action for “Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health”, PepsiCo India had launched Get Active School program in 2006 with the objective of promoting good nutrition and active lifestyle among school children. This program has so far reached 1 Million children across 477 schools in 12 metros. The program is implemented with association with partner NGOs, Hriday and Swashrit society and Indian Dietetic Association (IDA). With the thought leadership of promoting healthy lifestyle among children and address invisible yet big health issues such as micronutrient deficiencies PepsiCo India has launched their 2012 module also on creating awareness of Iron Deficiency Anaemia - causes, symptoms and prevention - among adolescent school children in private and government schools in 4 cities with the aim of reaching 2.40 lakh adolescent children in 270 schools.

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HEINZ NUTRITION FOUNDATION INDIA

Heinz Nutrition foundation India is a non-commercial, non-profit registered Trust, with a simple but highly impactful Mission;

“To advance the knowledge and practice of Nutrition with the goal of ensuring the nutritional well-being of the existing and emerging generation”

‘The Foundation’ has select but highly focused activities that are aligned with the Mission. They are

1. Publication of a quarterly newsletter, In Touch carrying research and in-depth studies on various nutritional issues that reaches out to 20,000 professionals in the field of Medicine, Nutrition, Dietetics, Teaching staff and Libraries.

2. Encourage and support nutritional research. We have funded five interesting but highly relevant researches or studies so far from a) UDCT, Mumbai; b) KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune; c) All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi; d) National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad; and e) Madras Diabetes Research Foundation , Chennai

3. Providing free nutrition counseling by leading nutritionists through Nutri-Life Clinics for the needy across three metro cities, Chennai, Bengaluru and Delhi.

4. Sponsoring and supporting the efforts National and International nutritional bodies.

World-wide, Heinz Foundation operates at a global level. There our endeavour is to make a difference to thousands of lives each year through three core initiatives:

1. Heinz Micronutrient Campaign, our signature global Corporate Social Responsibility program;

2. Strategic Grants Program that focuses on nutrition, diversity and healthy communities; and

3. Heinz employee engagement that benefits people and communities

We are all aware the two major challenges that the younger generations face today are, Malnutrition and obesity. Heinz Nutrition Foundation is proud to be playing an active role in addressing these two challenges and is very happy to know that many in this august audience is sharing the same concern. We are confident that with our collaborative and committed approach we can mitigate these concerns. It is estimated by the World Health Organization that a third of the global population, or some 2 billion people, are anaemic,- a significant portion of them in the developing world. Anaemia is one of world’s most prevalent but preventable public health challenges. The vitamin and mineral deficiencies referred to as "hidden hunger" impairs the physical and mental development of millions of people – young and adult alike thus limiting their productivity.

The Heinz Micronutrient Campaign is dedicated to preventing this hidden hunger. HMC has reached 3.5 million children in 15 nations through distribution of single serve micronutrient powder in sachets. The single-serve powder better known as “Nurturemate” is mixed with children's

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normal meals by parents or caregivers. Nurturemate being tasteless and colourless does not affect the taste, texture or flavour of the food.

Through vigorous peer-reviewed research conducted across the world, it has been proved that 60 sachets of Nurturemate, administered one per day over a period not exceeding 4 months, can meet a child's annual vitamin and mineral needs and thus help prevent anaemia.

Details of the studies done and the ones that are in progress

1. In India an extensive research was conducted in 2008 with the support of King Edward Memorial Hospital (KEM Hospital) at Pune.

2. Further during a research, again done at Pune, determined that 60 doses over a period of 90 days will alleviate anaemia to a large extent.

3. A compliance study and ease of administration on a large scale was conducted by Directorate of Public Health at Tamil Nadu in late 2011, and the results are about to be published shortly.

4. The proof the product lends itself for social marketing by NGOs is being demonstrated by the study being conducted at Krishnagiri, where the programme involves administering Nurturemate to over 15000 children.

The three most common vitamin and mineral deficiencies are: vitamin A, iron and iodine. Over 3.5 million children under the age of five die each year in developing countries due to maternal and child malnutrition. Yet, it only costs $1.50 prevent micronutrient deficiencies.

Heinz Micronutrient Campaign has so far helped over thirty-five lakh children in fifteen countries get over the anaemic problem. In recognition of this stupendous effort the Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of H. J. Heinz Company Chairman, William R. Johnson received the inaugural Helen Keller International Global Visionary Award in 2006 from three-time Academy Award-winning actress, Meryl Streep.

The Heinz Company Foundation has contributed $5 million to date and currently has partnerships in Haiti, India, China, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Tanzania. The H J Heinz Company Foundation and Heinz Nutrition Foundation India through the HMC are committed to developing new products to treat and prevent malnutrition for people at the “base of the pyramid” to give women and children a fighting chance for a healthy, productive lives.

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First Author Index

Abha Khetarpal - 165 Abirami. R.G - 71 Adilakshmi. T - 155 Akhila. B - 109 Akileshwari. C - 70 Akriti - 187 Akshaya P. Meher - 69 Alka Kumari - 104 Amaravathi. T - 55 Amaravathi.T - 110 Amrita Khaire - 103 Angeline Jeyakumar - 53 Anita Kochhar - 200 Anita Kochhar - 99 Anitha Kilari - 76 Anitha. D - 221 Anjali Kumar - 185 Anjali.M - 184 Annalakshmi Chatterjee - 219 Annapurna.V.V - 99 Anuja Kinikar - 135 Anura V. Kurpad - 65,84,94 Anuradha C. Ghuikhedkar - 152 Anuradha. G - 80 Anuradha. K - 87 Arabinda Mahanty - 112 Archana Prabhat - 135 Aruna Narayanan - 191 Aruna - 138 Aruna. M - 157 Aruna. R.T - 169 Arunjyothi. R - 172 Arunjyothi. R - 88 Arushi Jain - 57 Ashu Aggarwal - 132 Ashwini. S - 134 Ayya Raju, M - 182 Balasasirekha, R - 111 Banani De - 116 Beulah. A.M - 129 Bhagath.Y.B - 215 Bhatiwada Nidhi - 67 Bhavya S.N - 209

Bimal Prasanna Mohanty - 157 Bindu.V - 218 Blossom.K.L - 136 Chagam Koteswara Reddy - 117 Chandrakala Mannuru - 78 Changmei Shadang - 133 Charitha Devi. M - 221 Chingriyo Raihing - 92 Chingriyo Raihing - 62 Chithra. R - 179 Darshan.C.B - 210 Dashrath Bhati - 216 Dashrath Bhati - 158 Deepa M. Madalageri - 122 Deepa M. Madalageri - 206 Deepa N - 59 Deepali P. Sundrani - 68 Devi Karuthapandian - 116 Dhipali.K.T - 84 Dipali Pol - 103 Dipti Chowdhary - 183 Divya. K - 217 Divya.K - 187 Divyashree S - 210 Elmuonzo - 114 Geedhu Krishna G.R. - 213 Geeta Kumari - 149 Geetha. P - 179 Geetha.P.S - 120 Geetha.P.S - 202 Gopalan. C - 9,14 Harshita Gupta - 56 Hemalatha. S - 197 Hoitinkim Singson - 121 Hoitinkim Singson - 205 Ithayamalar.S - 86 Jalajakumari.D - 177 Jesupriya Poornakala. S - 189 Jhansi. D - 130 Josephin.D - 123 Josna B - 207 Jothilakshmi K - 199 Joy Jasmine.P - 214

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Jubismita Goswami - 178 Jyothirmayee. K - 167 Jyotsna devi. B - 155 Kalpagam Polasa - 34 Kalpana R - 59 Kalpana - 180 Kamini Dangat - 102 Kasturiba B - 159 Kavitha Shree. G - 55 Kavitha Shree. G.G - 82 Kavitha Shree. G.G - 93 Kavitha.S - 118 Keerthi. BH.V - 176 Kejal Joshi - 78 Kishor Bhat - 177 Koushik Das - 194 Kowsalya. S - 85 Kumari Arpana - 142 Kumari Geeta - 163 Lakshmi. U. K - 75 Lavanya Parthasarathy - 170 Lavanya Parthasarathy - 74 Laxmi Kant Bharti - 161 Little Flower Augustine - 89 M.Anbu Malar - 109 Madhavi V. Dhobale - 66 Madhavi. D - 90 Maheswari.G - 203 Mala Manral - 183 Mallikarjuna. T - 156 Mamata Dalavi - 171 Mamata Mannuramath - 204 Mamata.Mannuramath - 202 Mamatha Philip G - 186 Manohar. C - 136 Manoj Kumar - 132 Meena. R - 196 Meenu Singh - 81 Meera M - 176 Meera M - 193 Mehar Afroz - 220 Meshram. P - 160 Mina Moradi - 163 Mini Joseph - 54 Mini Joseph - 83

Mini Tudu - 142 Mohanapriya M. - 205 Monica Yadav - 127 Nagamani. G - 153 Nallakurumban. B - 189 Nandhinei.M - 213 Nandini K.A - 195 Narayanasamy Sangeetha - 125 Nayera Masoodi - 175 Nazneen Kundgol - 122 Neelima. B. N - 159 Neeraja. P - 182 Neha Kajale - 76 Neha Singh - 87 Neha Singh - 96 Netravati M. Yattinamani - 60 Netravati Yattinamani - 83 Niharika. M - 141 Niharika. M - 190 Nirmala B. Yenagi - 141 Nisha Wadhwani - 101 Nisha - 180 Nuzhat Sultana M.B - 190 Padmapriya . T - 147 Padmapriya. T - 80 Padmini Balagopal - 144 Padmini Balagopal - 197 Padmini Balagopal - 79 Palak Gupta - 73 Palak Gupta - 81 Paramahans V. Salimath - 37 Pooja S. Sawant - 165 Poonam - 168 Prabha Bisht - 58 Prabhavathi S. N - 97 Prabhavathi S.N. - 145 Pragathi. D - 222 Prameeladevi. S - 164 Prasad.T.M - 173 Prasanthi.P - 200 Prathiba.V - 150 Pratibha Dwarkanath - 94 Pratiksha Sable - 101 Prema gowri. B - 175 Premala Priyadharshini . V - 105

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Priyanka Pareek - 174 Priyanka S Bannikoppa - 94 Priyanka Shankar - 110 Priyanka Shankar - 67 Pushpa Bharati - 106 Pushpa devi. M - 97 Radhai Sri. S - 215 Radhapriya. D - 145 Rajkumar M.Kamble - 188 Rakesh K Nayak - 61 Rakesh.K.Nayak - 77 Rama Kawade - 162 Ramakrishna. B.S - 16 Ramesh V Bhat - 39 Rani Sadasiva Murty - 50 Rebecca Kuriyan - 65 Rebecca Kuriyan - 84 Reddi Ramu. Y - 161 Rekha Sinha - 201 Rekha. R - 139 Reynaldo Martorell - 10,13 Roopa Singh - 160 Roopa U - 107 Ruchi Vaidya - 72 Ruksana Begum. S - 212 Sandeep P.G. - 211 Sarada. D - 90 Saritha Hegade - 139 Saritha Hegde - 120 Satabdi Ganguly - 193 Savitha P - 53 Savitha.P - 92 Seema Singh - 171 Seevaratnam.V - 204 Senthamarai selvi.L - 192 Sharanappa Talawar - 168 Sharma. A.K - 41 Shekhar Naik R - 166, 167 Shilpa Guddad - 144 Shuchismita Behera - 56 Shunmukha Priya S - 61 Shweta Singh - 220 Shyamala B. N - 212 Shyamala B. N. - 70 Sireesha.G - 154

Siva Prasad. B - 198 Sivasakthi. M - 126 Sneha Shet - 113 Sneha Shet - 149 Sonika Sharma - 164 Sowjanya.M - 181 Sreedevi. V - 151 Sreeja. C - 184 Sreenivasulu. M - 107 Sri Jaya.M - 128 Srilatha. A.B - 137 Subhashree S - 58 Subhra Satapathy - 86 Suchitra Roy - 65 Sudershan Chauhan - 169 Sudha Rani.K - 127 Sudha Rani.K - 154 Sudhakar.G - 153 Sugantha Rajamani - 214 Sujata Dixit - 198 Sujata Pal - 114 Sujitha.R - 126 Sujitha.S - 96 Suma.M - 123 Sumathi Swaminathan - 146 Sumitha Devarajan - 130 Sundaramoorthy Haripriya - 118 Suneeta Chandorkar - 191 Suneeta Kalasuramath - 95 Sunitha. P - 151 Supriya. CH - 115 Surekha N - 119 Surekha N - 68 Swarna Vyas - 174 Swarnalatha. A - 143 Swarnalatha. T - 146 Swathi Sirisha. N. C - 129 Syama Dayal J - 112 Takhellambam Ranjita Devi - 148 Takhellambam Ranjita Devi - 208 Thakur. M.S - 45 Tharani Devi N - 201 Thilagavathi.T - 125 Thongam Chanu Anel - 148 Tinku Thomas - 137

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Tirumala. K - 151 Trushna Danak - 131 Uma Ballolli - 208 Uma Mageshwari. S - 62 Usha Malagi - 140 Usharani. R - 75 Vahini - 194 Vaishali Dhanvijay - 216 Vandita D’Souza - 100 Vanitha Reddy P - 196 Vanitha Reddy.P - 71 Vanithasri.J - 105 Vanithasri.J - 207 Vasantha Kumari. P - 209 Vasu.N.Reddy - 222 Veena Ekbote - 73 Venkata Subbaiah Kotakadi - 98 Vibha Ahuja - 38 Vidhya.R - 72 Vijaya Baskara Reddy. M - 124 Vijaya Baskara Reddy.M - 108 Vijaya Khader - 23 Vijaya Kumar. B - 219 Vinod Kumar.P - 218 Vipasha Chakraborty - 75