2016-10-11 iot presentation v4
TRANSCRIPT
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Pressure StudyGooseberry Island Causeway
An IoT Research Project(sort of)
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Agenda• Problem Statement
– Video of the area• Thesis• Objective• Approach
– Hardware– Software– Bug Fixes & Enhancements– Physical Issues
• Tests• Issues and Fixes• Experiment Results• Conclusion
• Observations and Opportunities
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Problems
Sandbars Algae Blooms Beach Stones
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Video
https://vimeo.com/186511839
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What’s New?
Gooseberry Island Causeway
Tower
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Currents and wave action that once flowed over the tombolo …
… began circulating in an eddy.
BEFORE
AFTER
Thesis: The Change
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Thesis: The ResultSand is transported toward the harbor by new Westerly current
Sand is deposited in the harbor
Nitrogen comes out of the river with every tide but circulates back in
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Thesis: The FixEquilibrium is restored and sand begins accumulating again
The harbor is no longer threatened by sandbars
Nitrogen flushes more thoroughly with each tide cycle
Remove the causeway
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Eddy currents are the result ofa textbook “groyne”
GROY
NE
GROY
NE
Source: Yossef 2005
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Opposition
In 1997, the Department of Environmental Management commissioned a study that concluded
the causeway has no appreciable environmental impact.
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Objective
Cast doubt on the 1997 study and compel the Department of Environmental Management to re-examine impact of the causeway.
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Objective
Would water flow if there was no causeway?
- in other words -
Is the water level higher on one side than the other creating the potential for flow?
Height West Height East
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ApproachUsing survey tools, physically measure the height of the two sides and calculate the difference.
Impractical to collect measurements over days and difficult at night.
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Approach
A sensor could measure up from the bottom … but how?
Water pressure
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ApproachBut the bottom is not the same on both sides, one side is going to be lower than the other. How would we know the offset?
Combine approaches?
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ApproachCollect data from sensors over time.
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ApproachNormalize by the drop initial depth
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ApproachUse a single reading at a recorded date/time to align signals
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Device Requirements
• Read Pressure up to 25 feet under water• Accurate to less than 1 inch• Submersible• Runs on battery for several days• Inexpensive• Small
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COTS Hardware ComponentsBMP180Pressure range: 300 ... 1100hPa (-34 feet below sea level, salt water)Low power: 5µA at 1 sample / sec. in standard modeLow noise: 0.02hPa (0.17m) advanced resolution mode
DS3231 Real Time ClockAccurate to within 1 second per yearButton battery maintains time between usesLow power
32u4 AdaloggerATmega32u4 @ 8MHz2K RAMMicroSD card holder Built in 100mA lipoly charger
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Wiring
AdaFruit “Feather” “Wing” bus
Power I2C Data
Prototype
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Software• Include Libraries
– #include <SD.h>– #include "RTClib.h"– #include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>– #include <Adafruit_BMP085_U.h>
• Set-up– Initialize pressure sensor– Initialize SD card– Confirm clock working– Create log file
• Loop– Read Sensor– Read time– Write entry– Sleep 60 seconds (minus a few instruction cycles)
Code: https://github.com/dsprogis/Pressure-Sensor-1.0-build-4
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Triple Bagged, Weighted Bucket
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Test 1: Does it work?{"date": "2016-07-15T22:19:29", "pressure_hPa": "1013.78", "temperature_C": "28.00", "altitude_meters": "-4.41"}{"date": "2016-07-15T22:20:29", "pressure_hPa": "1013.75", "temperature_C": "28.00", "altitude_meters": "-4.16"}{"date": "2016-07-15T22:21:29", "pressure_hPa": "1014.84", "temperature_C": "27.90", "altitude_meters": "-13.23"}{"date": "2016-07-15T22:22:29", "pressure_hPa": "1151.47", "temperature_C": "27.90", "altitude_meters": "-1092.00"}{"date": "2016-07-15T22:23:30", "pressure_hPa": "1151.21", "temperature_C": "27.80", "altitude_meters": "-1090.05"}{"date": "2016-07-15T22:24:30", "pressure_hPa": "1150.85", "temperature_C": "27.70", "altitude_meters": "-1087.34"}...
Yes
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For how long?
7/16/16 0:00 7/17/16 0:00 7/18/16 0:00 7/19/16 0:00 7/20/16 0:00 7/21/16 0:00 7/22/16 0:00 7/23/16 0:00 7/24/16 0:000
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
Temp (F) Depth (ft)
About a week
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Device Calibration?
10 390 770 115015301910229026703050343038104190457049505330571060906470685072307610799083708750913095101150
1170
1190
1210
1230
1250
1270
1290
hPa 1hPa 2hPa 3
Readings deviate by 0.002-0.004 inches
(salt water)
Readings deviate by ~0.5C
Aligned
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Requirements (review)
Read Pressure up to 25 feet under waterAccurate to less than 1 inchSubmersibleRuns on battery for several daysInexpensiveSmallUnits are calibrated
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IssuesOne device went bad – not sure why.
Spider Crab found in one container – outer bag was punctured
Units are not reporting on exactly same interval –adjusted in Excel but very time consuming!
time
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Software/Hardware Enhancement
• Fix time drift– Hardware:
• Jump 1Hz Square Wave Signal to readable pin (yellow cable, SQW to A2)
– Software:• Decrement counter on rising signal (A2)• Log data when counter = 0
– Reset counter to 60 (or whatever I want)
A2 = I Hz
A2
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Additional Software Enhancements
• Switch from JSON to CSV – more convenient for Excel
• Added Device ID to filename – easier to keep track
• Added Date to file in OS – easier for managing archive
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Deployed Devices at Causeway
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Gooseberry Test Results
2016-07-30T10:56:00 2016-07-31T16:38:00 2016-08-01T22:20:00 2016-08-03T04:02:00 2016-08-04T09:44:00 2016-08-05T15:26:000.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
Relative Tide Heights
Unit 01 (West)Unit 03 (East)Unit 04 (East)
What’s the differential?
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Differential Readings
2016-07-30T10:56:00 2016-07-31T09:08:00 2016-08-01T07:20:00 2016-08-02T05:32:00 2016-08-03T03:44:00 2016-08-04T01:56:00 2016-08-05T00:08:00
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
Differential from Unit 1 to Unit 2 Differential from Unit 1 to Unit 3
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Conclusion• West side averages 6” higher than East side• Peaks about 12” per tide cycle• Is level or slightly below per tide cycle
• Causeway holding back 6” inches of water across a 900 feet.• Holding back or redirecting this much potential energy is certain to have an
appreciable environmental impact.
QED
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Objective
The 1997 study is wrong.The causeway DOES HAVE an
appreciable environmental impact.
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Additional Observationsand
Opportunities
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Tide/Temp Offset
Water temp reached it’s low 90 min after tide reached low and began coming in.Why?How can we use this information?
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Cool Water
Warm Water
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What’s going on with this double hump?First it gets warmer, then cooler, then warmer again?
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2016-07-30T10:56:00 2016-07-31T17:14:00 2016-08-01T23:32:00 2016-08-03T05:50:00 2016-08-04T12:08:00 68.00
70.00
72.00
74.00
76.00
78.00
80.00
Temperature Analysis
Unit 1 Temp FUnit 3 Temp F
Temperature Across Causeway