20140604 si-coat hvic - reliability and beyond
TRANSCRIPT
Si-COAT® 570™RTV Silicone HVIC
Reliability & Beyond
Seminar Presentation
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Overview
• Background & industry pressures– Early validation of Si-COAT HVIC
• The science of Si-COAT• Si-COAT economics
– CO2 offset
• Q&A
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Si-COAT HVIC : The Background
• A need for a robust insulator coating– Excellent adhesion required– Elimination of water washing required
• Si-COAT Formulated for:– Superior adhesion– Very smooth surface finish– Extremely long life
• Two very surprising advantages discovered!
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Si-COAT : The Advantages
• One-part RTV (ready-to-use)
• Superior adhesion
• Smooth surface finish
• Rich LMWS concentration
• Low surface free energy– Very high hydrophobicity
• Maintenance free
• Near total suppression of leakage
current
Si-COAT® HVIC Thermal Imagingin Rural Italy
Thermal imaging via infrared cameras measures the rise in temperature, above ambient, of various structures.
Since leakage current generates heat, thermal imaging is an ideal and cost-efficient tool to measure approximate levels of leakage current.
Thermal imaging by infrared cameras of insulators coated withSi-COAT and those left uncoated reveal that uncoated insulators undergo an appreciable rise in temperature.
Each Celsius degree rise in temperature above ambient roughly correlates to 2 mA of leakage current.
The approximate 9°C temperature rise of uncoated sections in this photograph indicate roughly 18 mA of leakage current on uncoated insulators.
Coated insulators show no rise in temperature, translating to an effective zero level of leakage current.
Si-COAT HVIC coated insulator
(at ambient temp.)
Uncoated insulators
(at elevated temp.)
Photo courtesy of Terna of the Enel Group, Italy
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
?The Reality is Harsh…
Reliability
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Digital Economy Demands More…
Electric bulb and motor economy• 99.9% (three-9) reliability acceptable• < 9 hours of outages per year• 100 years at this level, globally
Microprocessor and networked economy• 99.9999% (six-9) reliability required• < 31.5 seconds of outages per year
Flourishing digital economy (EPRI estimate)
• 99.9999999% (nine-9) reliability• < 31.5 milliseconds of outages per year
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
A Thorn in Reliability’s Side…
• Insulator contamination : a long posed nuisance– Water washing
• Short-term solution
– Greasing• Short-term solution
– Composite insulators• Questionable reliability
– RTV Silicone Coatings• Reliable performance• Leverages mechanical integrity of ceramics• A cure for ailing composites
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Si-COAT versus Water & Grease
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Si-COAT : a Remarkable Effect
• Leakage current nearly eradicatedLABORATORY– Zittau University (Germany) Testing
• IEC 62217 Salt Fog Test; 1,000 hours– KEMA (Netherlands) Testing
• IEC 61109 Salt Fog Test; 5,000 hoursFIELD– US Dept. of Energy
• > 99% suppression over 10 years– PPC Greece
• > 99.9% suppression in IEC Class IV contamination zone
– Kinectrics Research• 20 kW/km recoverable!
– Koeberg (KIPTS) Testing
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
IEC 62217 : 1,000 hr Si-COAT Result
Data : Prof R. Bärsch, HV Lab, Zittau University of Applied Sciences
Test Parameters•Medium voltage porcelain
– 700 mm creepage– 60 mm core
diameter– 122 mm shed
diameter– 355 mm dry arc
resistance
•20.3 kV ; 0.29 kV/cm•6.7 mS/cm fog conductivity (ref. 50 mS/cm for sea water)
Observation•Max leakage current <0.1 mA
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
IEC 61109 : Si-COAT Shines
Final Test Report, KEMA Laboratories, The Netherlands, 2004
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
US Dept. of Energy Experience
Columbia Generating Station
• 1,150 MW Nuclear Plant
• Owned & operated by Energy Northwest
• Sole customer is Bonneville Power Administration (US Dept. of Energy)
• East side of Washington State– Seemingly unlikely
place for insulator contamination
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
(US DoE) : Plant Configuration
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
(US DoE) : Plant Configuration
Transformer yard on north side of station
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
• Prevailing winds from south• Plume & contaminants carried to transformer yard
northsouth
(US DoE) : Contamination Issues
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
(US DoE) : Contamination Issues
Condensed plume migrating north to transformer yard
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
(US DoE) : Contamination Issues
Typical contamination buildup
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
(US DoE) : Contamination Issues
• Cooling water drawn from Columbia River• Contamination sources
– Natural river contaminants– Buffer chemicals
• Contaminants in circulation water– Anions: sulphate, bicarbonate, silica, chloride,
orthophosphate, fluoride– Cations: calcium, magnesium, sodium,
ammonia, copper, zinc, iron
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
(US DoE) : Failure in Reliability
Flashover #1:• 17h14, 30-January-89• Plume condensed in cold• Corrective action: annual water washing
Flashover #2:• 10h10, 10-December-90• Corrective action: find the correct solution
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
I. Cleaning Off-line cleaning Hot line washing Installed insulator washers
II. Monitoring Insulator leakage current
monitoring Weekly measurement of
ESDD Meteorological monitoring RF/Ultrasonic
III. Contamination Source Reduction
Transformer Yard cover Transformer Yard wind
deflectors Drift eliminators Cooling tower plume
reduction Hot air ducted into
transformer yard
IV. Insulator Modifications Fog type insulators Non-ceramic insulators Resistance graded
insulators Creepage extenders Silicone grease Si-COAT RTV Silicone
HVIC
(US DoE) : Reliability Investigations
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
(US DoE) : Si-COAT HVIC Testing
• Si-COAT under test from 1989• Intensive testing initiated late 1991• Principal property was to improve
hydrophobicity (prevent water filming)
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Fog Chamber Tests Round 1 (31-Dec-92)• Coated & uncoated insulators first
contaminated for 3 months under plume• ESDD up to 0.111 mg/cm2, area weighted avg.
Trial #1 Trial #2Minutes to Flashover
Per Unit Rated
Voltage
Minutes to Flashover
Per Unit Rated
Voltage
Bare 20 2.0 55 2.0
Other RTV 94 2.0 116 2.0
Si-COAT RTV >120 2.6 >120 2.9
(US DoE) : Si-COAT HVIC Testing
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Fog Chamber Tests Round 2 (05-May-93)• 31.5 in station post insulators• Exposure:
– 20 days tower mist and 26 lbs dust– 5 days mist and heat cycling
Flashover Voltage
Per Unit Rated
Voltage
Bare 117 kV 1.52
Company 1 RTV
131 kV 1.70
Company 2 RTV
227 kV 2.94
Silicone Grease A
240 kV 3.11
CSL-880 Grease
250 kV 3.25
Si-COAT RTV 251 kV 3.26
(US DoE) : Si-COAT HVIC Testing
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
(US DoE) : Conclusions
• Si-COAT provided superior results for reducing risk and preventing flashover
• With the concurrence of US DoE, Energy Northwest determined Si-COAT (CSL) RTV HVIC offered best prospects for preventing future service interruptions
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
(US DoE) : Results
• Si-COAT virtually eliminated leakage current
Maximum Broad-Band Leakage Current
Uncoated Insulator
Si-COAT RTV HVIC Coated Insulator
18-Dec-93 50 mA< 0.25 mA(> 99.5%
suppression)
Apr-94 100 mA< 0.25 mA(> 99.8%
suppression)
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
(US DoE) : Results
• US DoE Internal Report 03-Jun-94– Si-COAT avoided at least 6 forced outages in first
year alone
• Leakage current, hydrophobicity and resistance testing indicated good condition after 10 years of service– Recoat at 10 years as insurance
• Few visible signs of degradation
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
KIPTS Natural Pollution Testing
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
(KIPTS) : Order of Magnitude Better with Si-COAT
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
(KIPTS) : Order of Magnitude Better with Si-COAT
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
(KIPTS) : Order of Magnitude Better with Si-COAT
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
(KIPTS) : Order of Magnitude Better with Si-COAT
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
(KIPTS) : Order of Magnitude Better with Si-COAT
Si-COAT® 570RTV Silicone HVIC
The Science
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
electrons LEAK along a dirty insulator
particles
of dirt
Insulators are not Perfect
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
How Does Si-COAT Work?
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Si-COAT LMWS Encapsulates Dirt
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Water Can’t Combine with Dirt
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Si-COAT Hydrophobicity
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Si-COAT has Most LMWS
Si-COAT Other RTV HVIC
Relative bulk LMWS concentrations as revealed by X-ray mapping technique
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
How To Avoid Damage to Silicone!
this area getsWARM & DRY
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
• Dry band arcing– Very high
temperatures– Can damage
unprotected coating
How To Avoid Damage to Silicone!
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Dry Band Arcing Damage is Beaten
• ATH: Alumina Trihydrate• Dry band arcing activates ATH• ATH absorbs the energy of dry band arcing• Coating is protected and undamaged• Surface of ATH particle is most critical
– The greater the surface area of the ATH, the more protection that is offered
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Smaller ATH = More Surface Area
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Very Small ATH Restricts LMWS
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Larger ATH Promotes LMWS Flow
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
13 microns : Optimum ATH Size
• The basis of CSL’s patent for Si-COAT HVIC is the 13 micron Optimum ATH Particle Size
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Developing Ultra-Hydrophobicity
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Ultra-Hydrophobicity Explained
• Ultra-Hydrophobicity is also known as “The Lotus Leaf Effect”
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Ultra-Hydrophobicity Explained
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Ultra-Hydrophobicity, Turkey (2 years)
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Ultra-Hydrophobicity, Turkey (2 years)
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Ultra-Hydrophobicity, Turkey (2 years)
Si-COAT® 570RTV Silicone HVIC
Further Considerations
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
The Payback of Efficient InsulatorsIntelligent Solution :
Recover Leakage Losses– Significant power readily recoverable with
Si-COAT– US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
• Average 0.71kg CO2 per kWh• Average 22 kg CO2 sequestered per year by a
single tree
Holistic thinking :– Resistive (I2R) loss in conductor is the major loss– Leakage losses can also be addressed– Loss reduction has positive environmental
impact
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Si-COAT : Lucrative Economics
€
€
Cumulative Leakage Current Suppressed
Hence, Additional Revenue Available
Thus, Additional Power Reclaimed
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
CO2 Offset30 million kg per year
Equivalent Trees1.4 million additional
trees
Si-COAT : Carbon Conscious
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
In Conclusion
1. The Si-COAT patented technology proposes three levels of value:
• Maintenance reduction• Reliability improvement• Economic/Environmental benefits
2. Si-COAT virtually eliminates leakage current for the long term
3. Therefore, significant reduction in expenses and losses due to planned/unplanned outages
4. Investment in Si-COAT veryquickly recovered
Seminar Presentation
Si-COAT® 570™RTV Silicone HVIC
Q&A Session
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified
© 2012 CSL Silicones Inc. All trademarks registered. All rights reserved.
Science of Si-COAT® HVIC Simplified