2014 2015 oral biology course guidebook

ORAL BIOLOGY COURSE

GUIDEBOOK (DA 1417)

DDS PROGRAMME

YEAR 1 ACADEMIC SESSION 2013/2014

08 Fall

D E P A R T M E N T O F C L I N I C A L O R A L

B I O L O G Y ,

F A C U L T Y O F D E N T I S T R Y , U K M

DDS PROGRAM {ACADEMIC SESSION 2014/2015}

2

This guidebook is intended to be used together with the

“Buku Panduan Prasiswazah Fakulti Pergigian”

3

The content of this guidebook has been proof read and verified to be implemented for this

current session.

Verified by:

_______________________

Date:

Deputy Dean (Undergraduate, Alumni & Community Partnership)

Faculty of Dentistry UKM

Approved by:

_______________________

Date:

Dean

Faculty of Dentistry UKM

4

COURSE: ORAL BIOLOGY

CONTENT page

1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 5

2. Course description ............................................................................................. 6

3. Course learning outcomes ................................................................................. 6

4. Mapping of course learning outcomes with dds ukm programme learning

outcome (PLO) .................................................................................................. 8

5. Student learning time to fundamental of oral biology course ........................... 11

6. Details of course learning outcomes and its relation to learning taxonomy,

teaching-learning activities and assessment methods ...................................... 15

4. List of topics in oral biology course .................................................................. 19

5. List of demonstrations and simulation exercises .............................................. 29

6. Assessment and examination........................................................................... 32

7. Recommended reading references ................................................................... 39

8. Appendices ...................................................................................................... 40

9. Information about the department of clinical oral biology ................................ 42

5

COURSE: ORAL BIOLOGY

1. Introduction

Oral Biology (DA 1417) is one of the subjects that will be taught in year one. You will have to

pass all subjects in order for you to move on to the second year. The running of the course is

handled by the Clinical Oral Biology Department located at the first floor, Block L with the

support of lecturers and staff from other departments. It will be the basis for your

knowledge of the dental subjects when you go into the clinics in year 3,4 and 5. I hope you

will build a strong foundation in the first year so that the learning process in the clinical

years will be smooth sailing.

This guidebook will give you an overview of Oral Biology course (DA 1417). It will be taught

in both semester I and II with greater emphasis on the tooth and its surrounding structures

in Semester I.

This course is designed to provide basic knowledge of normal oral structures and function of

oral cavity as well as being able to recognize the developmental anomaly or variation that

may occur. In this course, students should be able to obtain the basic knowledge of tooth

morphology, the hard and soft tissues of the tooth and its surrounding structures as well as

the craniofacial development and growth as a basis for further knowledge in clinical

dentistry. Student should be able to recognize, use and read different dental formulas and

systems used for tooth identification.

This guidebook will also provide you the learning objectives of all the topics taught in

Semester I and II. You can also find some information regarding the course as well as staff

members who will assist you in learning this subject. Students should try to see that all the

objectives are achieved after completing the learning of this subject.

You can also find the list of suggested reference books in the last section of this guidebook.

You should try to read the recommended books. You can find them in the library or at the

nearest bookstore.

I hope by the end of this year one, you should be able to apply knowledge on tooth

morphology, tooth structures, intraoral and craniofacial structures with the ability to

develop skills on tooth drawing and tooth carving which are the epitome of a good dentist. I

wish you all the best and hope you will find joy in learning Dentistry!

Regards

Dr. Atika Ashar Course coordinator

6

2. Course Description

Oral Biology is aimed at introducing the students to the normal structures and function of

the oral cavity as well as to be able to recognize the developmental anomaly that may often

occur. In this course, students should be able to obtain the basic knowledge of tooth

morphology, the hard and soft tissues of the tooth and also its supporting structures.

Students will be trained to recognize, read and apply different dental formulae and systems

commonly used for tooth identification.

The craniofacial development and growth will also be taught during the second semester.

Lectures will be given on the different types of cranial bone ossification and the

development of mandible and maxillary complex during the pre-natal and postnatal

periods. Topics on dental occlusion, jaw movements, dental arches and factors that could

influence their shape and size will also be emphasized. Topics on mastication cycle and

different jaw reflexes will also be taught.

The role of oral biology in forensic odontology and human identification will also be

highlighted. Changes to the oral cavity and other maxillofacial structures will also be taught.

The method of teaching and learning for Semester I and II is a combination of conventional

teaching and Problem based learning (PBL). Conventional teaching involves lectures,

tutorials and practical, which you have been exposed during your pre university training.

Lectures will be given on topics such as tooth morphology, tooth development and orofacial

development and growth. Topics on enamel and eruption during Semester I and topics on

Development and Growth in Semester II will be given through Problem Based Learning (PBL).

3. Course Learning Outcomes

i. Explain in detail the anatomical and histological structure and function of the tissues

in the oral cavity and adjoining areas, namely the teeth, the supporting tissues, oral

mucosa in different parts of the oral cavity, salivary glands and adjoining tissues and

temporomandibular joint as well as normal nerve and vascular supply for teeth and

periodontium.

ii. Relate basic structure and functions of the tissues in the oral cavity and adjoining

areas at organ, tissue, cellular and molecular levels to the practice of dentistry.

iii. Describe the normal and abnormal development of these tissues in the oral cavity

and adjoining areas.

iv. Conduct clinical examination i.e. assess TMJ and associated structures, perform

dental charting and relate the features of dental occlusion through study model

7

v. Conduct assessment of developmental stage of each tooth in young patients in

dental X rays.

vi. Acquire information from scientific articles on oral biology topics.

vii. Develop learning aid in relation to oral biology

8

4. Mapping of Course Learning Outcomes with DDS UKM Program Learning Outcome (PLO)

Oral Biology course assessment plan

Course learning outcome Domain

PLO

1

PLO

2

PLO

3

PLO

4

PLO

5

PLO

6

PLO

7

PLO

8

PLO

9

PLO

10

Competencies and Level stated by MDC

that are being addressed by the

course

Methods of assessment

1 Explain in detail the anatomical and histological structure and function of the tissues in the oral cavity and adjoining areas, namely the teeth, the supporting tissues, oral mucosa in different parts of the oral cavity, salivary glands and adjoining tissues and temporomandibular joint as well as normal nerve and vascular supply for teeth and periodontium.

Cognitive 2 Relate basic structure and functions of the human body at organ, tissue, cellular and molecular levels to the practice of dentistry

C2

Essay, MCQ, OSPE (Mini tests, Semester 1 exam and Professional exam). Assessment for Tooth drawing and tooth carving.

2 Relate basic structure and functions of the tissues in the oral cavity and adjoining areas at organ, tissue, cellular and molecular levels to the practice of dentistry.

2 Explain normal and abnormal orofacial development

C2

Essay, MCQ, OSPE (Mini tests, Semester 1 exam and Professional exam)

3 Describe the normal and abnormal development of these tissues in the oral cavity and adjoining areas.

2 Explain craniofacial form and relationships, including evidence of deviation from the norm.

C2

Essay, MCQ, OSPE (Mini tests, Semester 1 exam and Professional exam)

4 Conduct clinical examination i.e. assess TMJ and associated structures, perform dental charting and relate the features of dental occlusion through study model

Psychomotor 2 Perform clinical examinations, intraoral radiographic

P5, B4

Assessment during clinical exercise, OSPE

9

Oral Biology course assessment plan

Course learning outcome Domain

PLO

1

PLO

2

PLO

3

PLO

4

PLO

5

PLO

6

PLO

7

PLO

8

PLO

9

PLO

10

Competencies and Level stated by MDC

that are being addressed by the

course

Methods of assessment

and other necessary investigations relevant to the practice of dentistry

5 Conduct assessment of developmental stage of each tooth in young patients in dental X rays.

2 OSPE (Semester 1 exam and Professional exam)

6 Acquire information from scientific articles on oral biology topics.

Cognitive & Affective

2 2 2 Apply evidence-based approach in the practice of dentistry

C3, A3

Assessment during PBL session

Use current information technology resources in contemporary dental practice.

A3 Assessment during PBL session

Demonstrate ability to acquire knowledge and scientific evidence

P4 Assessment during PBL session

7 Develop learning aid in relation to oral biology


2 2 2


A3 Assessment during Oral Biology Day.

10

DDS UKM PLO:

PLO 1 – Apply scientific knowledge to practice safe and independent dentistry

PLO 2 – Provide oral health care services competently within the scope of general dental practice to various members of the community

PLO 3 – Adopt a caring attitude and empathy towards patients and their family, colleagues and the whole community

PLO 4 – Practice ethical values and professionalism within the confines of the laws in the provision of dental service

PLO 5 – Communicate effectively and demonstrate leadership skill to function in multicultural society and in work environment

PLO 6 – Collaborate with other health professionals and relevant agencies in health promotion and disease prevention.

PLO 7 – Use critical thinking and problem solving skills related to comprehensive care of patients.

PLO 8 – Use current information technology resources in contemporary dental practice.

PLO 9 – Adapt lifelong learning approach and self–assessment in maintaining dental competency

PLO 10 – Display entrepreneurial skills in the management of dental practice.

11

5. Student Learning Time to Fundamental of Oral Biology Course Ye

ar

Sem

Wk

Topic

Face to face contact Non face to face contact Preparation for

assessment

Tota

l Stu

den

t Le

arn

ing

Tim

e

(SLT

)

Lect

ure

s

Tuto

rial

Pra

ctic

al L

ab

PB

L

Dir

ecte

d S

elf

Lear

nin

g

Sim

ula

tio

n

War

d r

ou

nd

Clin

ic

Po

stin

g (8

hrs

x 5

dys

)

Res

earc

h

Pro

ject

Rep

ort

Wri

tten

Ass

ign

me

nt

Sem

inar

/Cas

e

Pre

sen

tati

on

Lect

ure

s (1

h+2

)

Tuto

rial

(1

h+1

)

Pra

ctic

al L

ab (

3h

+1)

PB

L (6

h+6

)

Sim

ula

tio

n (

+1

)

Clin

ic (

3h

+1)

Po

stin

g (8

hrs

x 5

dys

)

(1h

+1)

Sem

inar

/ C

ase

Pre

sen

tati

on

(1

h+3

) R

evis

ion

(o

n t

he

tim

etab

le)

Co

nti

nu

ou

s as

sess

me

nt

Pro

fess

ion

al E

xam

inat

ion

1 1.1 1

Introduction to Oral Biology

1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

2 Terminology for tooth morphology

1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4

3 Anterior teeth 1 6 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 12

4 Premolar 1 6 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 12

5 Molar 1 6 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 12

6 Deciduous 1 3 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 7

7 Tooth development

1 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

9

8 Root formation 1 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8

9 Cementum 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

10 Mid Semester break

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1.2 11

Enamel structure

1 6 1 2 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 1 23

12 Amelogenesis 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

13 Dentine structure

1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

14 Dentinogenesis 1 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

15 Dental pulp 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

16 Periodontal ligament

1 6 2 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 1 22

12

Year

Sem

Wk

Topic


assessment

Tota

l Stu

den

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arn

ing

Tim

e

(SLT

)

Lect

ure

s

Tuto

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Pra

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Lear

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Sim

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War

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Clin

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Res

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Pro

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Rep

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Wri

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Ass

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me

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Sem

inar

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Pre

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Lect

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Tuto

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(1

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Pra

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+1

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Clin

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(1h

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Sem

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/ C

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Pre

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(1

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evis

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(o

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tim

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Co

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Pro

fess

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al E

xam

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17 Eruption 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

18 Mesial drift 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

18 Dental charting 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4

19 Revision 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2

20 Semester 1 exam

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4 2.4

21 Semester 1 break

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 Semester 1 break

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

JUMLAH PEMBELAJARAN PER SEMESTER 152.

4

2.1 1

Overview of Semester 1

2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6

2 Oral mucosa 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 11

3 Dentogingival junction

1 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6

4 Facial and dental development

1 3 6 2 0 1 12 0 0 0 0 25

5 Development of skull and jaw

1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5

6 Postnatal growth of skull

1 6 1 2 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 22

7 Post natal growth of

1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

13

Year

Sem

Wk

Topic


assessment

Tota

l Stu

den

t Le

arn

ing

Tim

e

(SLT

)

Lect

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s

Tuto

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Pra

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PB

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Dir

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d S

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Lear

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Pro

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Ass

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Sem

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+1

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Pre

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maxilla

8 Post natal growth of mandible

1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

9 Revision 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2

10 Mid Semester break

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2.2 11

Anatomy and histology of TMJ

1 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

12 Occlusion 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 8

13 Mastication 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

14 Salivary Gland 1 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

15 Saliva 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

16 Oral Changes due to aging

1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6

17 Dental Abnormalities

1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

18 Oral Biology Day 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5

19 Revision 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2

20 Revision week 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

21 Professional exam

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 3.5

JUMLAH PEMBELAJARAN PER SEMESTER 132

14

Year

Sem

Wk

Topic


assessment

Tota

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arn

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Tim

e

(SLT

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Lect

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Tuto

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Ass

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Sem

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Pre

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h+2

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Tuto

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(1

h+1

)

Pra

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3h

+1)

PB

L (6

h+6

)

Sim

ula

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+1

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3h

+1)

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hrs

x 5

dys

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(1h

+1)

Sem

inar

/ C

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Pre

sen

tati

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(1

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JUMLAH 33 12 27 24 25 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 66 12 9 48 0 2 0 0 12 10.4

3.5 284

JUMLAH JAM NOTIONAL YANG DIPERLUKAN UTK PELAJAR 284

JUMLAH KREDIT 7

15

Details of Course Learning Outcomes and its relation to learning taxonomy, teaching-learning activities and assessment methods

Course Learning Outcomes Indicator Domain Teaching and

learning activities Methods of assessment

1 Explain in detail the anatomical and histological structure and function of the tissues in the oral cavity and adjoining areas, namely the teeth, the supporting tissues, oral mucosa in different parts of the oral cavity, salivary glands and adjoining tissues and temporomandibular joint as well as normal nerve and vascular supply for teeth and periodontium.

Relate basic structure and functions of the human body at organ, tissue, cellular and molecular levels to the practice of dentistry

Cognitive 1. Describe tooth morphology of a normal tooth

Lecture

Practical

Tooth carving

Tooth drawing

Summative- Theory – Mini test, Final exam Summative- Tooth carving exercise Summative- Tooth drawing exercise

2. Differentiate between the primary and permanent dentitions

Lecture

Practical

Tooth carving

Tooth drawing

Summative- Theory – Mini test, Final exam

3. Read and used different dental formulas for example FDI 2 Digit system and Palmer's Notation for tooth identification

Lecture

Practical


4. Describe general characteristics of each classification of teeth (incisor, canines, premolars, molars)

Lecture

Practical

Tooth carving

Tooth drawing

Summative- Theory – Mini test, Final exam Summative- Tooth carving exercise Summative- Tooth drawing exercise

16



5. Explain different types of oral hard and soft tissues of tooth and its supporting structure

Lecture

Practical

Tutorial

Directed self learning


6. Describe the structure and functions of oral tissues and its related structures

Lecture

Practical

PBL session

Tutorial



2 Relate basic structure and functions of the tissues in the oral cavity and adjoining areas at organ, tissue, cellular and molecular levels to the practice of dentistry.

7. Identify the dental occlusion,

jaw movements, dental arches and factors that influence their shapes, sizes and jaw relationship (classification)

Lecture

Practical

Tutorial



3 Describe the normal and abnormal development of these tissues in the oral cavity and adjoining areas.

Explain craniofacial form and relationships, including evidence of deviation from the norm.

Cognitive

1. Explain the origin of the cells that formed the tooth germs and stages of tooth formation

Lecture

Practical

Tutorial



2. Explain the relationship between the craniofacial growths and the malformation which often occur

Lecture

Practical

Tutorial


PBL session


3. Compare between normal oral tissues and its development anomaly

Lecture

Practical

Tutorial



17



4 Conduct clinical examination i.e. assess TMJ and associated structures, perform dental charting and relate the features of dental occlusion through study model

Perform clinical examinations, intraoral radiographic and other necessary investigations relevant to the practice of dentistry

Psychomotor

1. Practice principles of tooth notation and identifying tooth surfaces and features on patient.

Clinical

Practical

Formative- -Assessment during clinical session -Assessment of dental cast

To complete clinical exercise

Act as patient during ICD clinic with year 3

Perform dental charting to clinical partner

To examine TMJ and muscle of mastication of a clinical partner

To take impression of clinical partner

To produce a dental cast from impression

To mount upper and lower dental cast in occlusion

Practical

5 Conduct assessment of developmental stage of each tooth in young patients in dental X rays.

Perform clinical examinations, intraoral radiographic and other necessary

1. Practice principles of estimating age based on information from tooth developmental process

Lecture

Practical

To trace OPG of mixed dentition


18



investigations relevant to the practice of dentistry

6 Acquire information from scientific articles on oral biology topics.

Apply evidence-based approach in the practice of dentistry


1. Analyse various dental information in relation to specific issue in problem based learning.

PBL session

To participate in ‘Oral Biology Day’

To produce learning aid

Formative- -Assessment on participation in PBL session


2. Organise dental information to be discussed during Problem based learning.

Demonstrate ability to acquire knowledge and scientific evidence

7 Develop learning aid in relation to oral biology


1. Produce learning aid for Oral Biology topics

19

4. LIST OF TOPICS IN ORAL BIOLOGY COURSE

(Includes Lecture/demonstration topics – its contents and specific objectives)

No Topics Contents Specific Learning Outcomes - Students must be able to: Semester/

Hours

1. Tooth morphology –

basic dental

terminology

Introduction to Oral Biology

Terminology for tooth morphology

define and describe the various anatomical features of a normal

tooth.

list down the general characteristics of each classification of teeth

(incisors, canines, premolars and molars).

define the different stages of dentition.

use the FDI 2 digit system and Palmer’s system for tooth

identification.

1/2

2. Tooth morphology

(deciduous &

permanent

dentition)

Anterior teeth

Premolar teeth

Molar teeth

Deciduous teeth

recognize and draw every individual deciduous and permanent

teeth.

list down the differences between deciduous and permanent

teeth.

describe the main anatomical features found on each tooth.

list down the normal variations found on the teeth.

describe the number and shape of roots of the teeth.

describe the shape and size of the pulp cavities.

distinguish between completely and partially formed root,

fractured root and resorbed root.

1/31

3 Tooth development Tooth development

Root formation

explain the origin of the cells that formed the tooth germs.

describe the stages of tooth development (bud, cap and bell

stage).

explain about crown formation.

1/8

20


Hours

recognize the enamel organ, dental papilla and dental follicle and

name the tooth structures they give rise to.

identify internal enamel epithelium, external enamel epithelium,

stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium.

explain the importance of the term “epithelial-mesenchyme

interactions” in tooth development.

describe the structure and function of the Hertwig Epithelial Root

Sheath.

4. Cementum Cementum list down the chemical composition of cementum.

differentiate between extrinsic collagen fibers and intrinsic fibers.

describe the cellular and acellular cementum.

describe the cemento-enamel junction and cemento-dentine

junction.

list down the function of cementum.

describe the changes that happened to the cementum due to the

increase in age.

1/2

5 Tooth structures Enamel structure

list down the chemical composition and physical properties of

matured enamel.

illustrate the arrangement of enamel prisms.

describe the histological picture of prismatic enamel and non

prismatic enamel.

define the terms “decussation, Hunter-Schreger bands’ and

“enamel gnarl”

describe the incremental growth lines (cross striation, striae of

Retzius, neonatal lines).

1/18

21


Hours

explain the developmental features seen in the enamel (tuft,

lamella, spindles).

Amelogenesis

describe the origin and the histological picture of the ameloblast.

list down the chemical composition of an immature enamel.

describe the secretory and maturation stages during enamel

development.

explain the process involved in changing immature enamel to

matured enamel.

illustrate the arrangement of crystals in the enamel prisms.

define and explain the terms “reduced enamel epithelium” and

“post eruptive maturation”

describe the effect of excessive fluoride on the development of

enamel.

Dentine structure

list down the chemical composition and physical properties of

dentine.

explain the types of dentine:

primary, secondary and tertiary dentine.

peritubular dentine, interglobular dentine.

sclerotic dentine, translucent dentine.

mantle dentine, predentine.

dead tract.

explain the incremental growth lines.

explain the granular layer of tomes, hyaline layer of hopewell

smith.

explain dentine permeability and dentine sensitivity.

22


Hours

Dentinogenesis

explain the origin and structure of young odontoblast.

list the chemical composition of dentine.

describe the arrangement of collagen fibers in mantle dentine

and circumpulpal dentine.

define the matrix vesicle and its important in mineralization of

dentine.

differentiate predentine from mineralized dentine.

define the importance of predentine.

Dental pulp describe the histology of the dental pulp.

explain the innervation and vascularization of the dental pulp.

explain the importance of a healthy and living pulp.

describe the changes in the histology of pulp due to increase in

age.

explain the types, formation of pulp stones and its clinical

importance.

6 Tooth movements Periodontal ligaments describe the histology of the periodontal ligament and its

function.

explain the arrangement of the collagen fibers (principle

periodontal fibers)

describe the oxytalan fibers and its arrangement.

explain the innervation and blood supply to the periodontal

ligament.

illustrate the effect of load on the position of the tooth using a

1/11

23


Hours

graph.

explain the meaning of visco-elastic mechanism.

Eruption discuss the role of the collagen fibers and the fibroblast in the

periodontium, the vascular and hydrostatic pressure during

physiologic tooth movement.

describe the stages and process of eruption.

explain the tooth movement and how it is related to the three

phases of tooth eruption

describe the theory of eruption.

define the terms “reduced enamel epithelium, epithelial

attachment, gingival crevice, canal gubernaculums”

list down factors causing exfoliation of the deciduous teeth.

discuss the process of mesial drift.

explain the factors causing mesial drift.

Mesial drift

7 Oral mucosa

Oral mucosa define the term mucosa, sub mucosa, epithelium, lamina propria,

and rete peg.

describe the three types of oral mucosa namely lining,

masticatory and specialized mucosa.

differentiate the differences between the three types of mucosa

and relate the structures and their functions

list down and explain the function of each cell found in the

epithelial layer of the mucosa.

2/9

24


Hours

list down and explain the function of the cell, fibers,

proteoglycans found in the lamina propria and the sub mucosa.

describe the nerve and blood supply to the mucosa.

describe briefly the features of the lingual mucosa ad vermillion

zone of the lips.

illustrate the distribution and function of the taste buds found on

the tongue.

describe briefly the effect of xerostomia on oral health.

Dentogingival junction define and describe the features of oral epithelium, crevicular

epithelium and junctional epithelium.

state the normal depth of the gingival crevice.

describe the arrangement of the gingival fibers

explain the characteristics of junctional epithelium.

explain the formation and function of the basal lamina found

between the tooth and the gingival.

discuss the factors that help to keep the gingiva close to the

tooth.

explain the properties of gingival crevicular fluid.

8 Craniofacial

development and

growth

Facial development define primary and secondary palate

describe the processes that formed the face.

explain how and when the primary and secondary palates are

formed.

relate the formation of this area to the malformation that often

occurs.

2/23

Development of the skulls and jaws identify each part of the chondrocranium: meckel’s cartilage,

25


Hours

nasal capsule.

explain the differences between endochondral ossification and

intramembranous ossification

identify the types of bones that develop by intramembranous

ossification and those which develop by endochondral

ossification

explain the time and the initial point where the maxilla and

mandible start to develop.

describe the function and the fate of meckel’s cartilage.

describe where the secondary cartilages can be found in the

mandible.

discuss the prenatal development of maxilla and mandible.

Postnatal growths of the skull and jaws

describe the features of the skull at birth

recognize the three areas on the skull that grows at different

rates: neurocranium, base of the skull and viscerocranium

explain the terms suture and synchondrosis and describe how

they are formed

explain briefly the postnatal growth of the neurocranium and the

skull

explain briefly the development of mandible and maxilla

Postnatal growth of maxilla and mandible

describe the features of maxilla and mandible at birth

explain how the maxillary complex and the mandible moves

downwards and forwards during infancy

describe the areas on the maxilla where apposition and

resorption of bone take place.

26


Hours

explain the importance of the midpalatal suture growth in the

growth of the maxilla

explain the importance of the cartilage of the condylar cartilage

in the growth of the maxilla

describe the areas on the mandible where apposition and

resorption of bone take place

growth of jaws in relation to tooth eruption.

9 Temporomandibular

joint

Anatomy and histology of TMJ

describe the anatomical structures of the joint

describe the embryology of the joint

explain the articulating surfaces of the bones

identify: capsule, synovial membrane, ligament and articulating

disc

describe the nerve and blood supply to the joint

describe the muscles and the movements that take place in the

joint

explain how dislocation of the joint can occur

2/4

10 Occlusion Occlusion describe the dental arches and the factors that influence their

shape and size

define the terms: catenary curve, compensating curve, contact

areas, overjet, overbite

explain the relationship between the upper and lower teeth

define the term occlusion, normal occlusion

explain the relationship between the upper and the lower teeth

in normal occlusion.

discuss the importance of compensating curve and curve of spee

1/4

27


Hours

in a functional dentition.

11 Mastication Mastication explain the movement of the mandible during mastication

describe the characteristics of the cycle of mastication

describe the lateral excursion of the mandible

explain the incisal and occlusal phases of the cycle of mastication

explain the types of reflexes: jaw reflex, jaw opening reflex and

unloading reflex.

12 Salivary gland Salivary gland classify the salivary glands according to the type of acinar cells,

the location where they are found

describe the histology of the salivary glands

describe the embryology of the major glands

explain the formation of saliva bicarbonate.

describe functions of the secretory cells and ductal system

explain the composition of saliva and discuss briefly the

importance of the constituent to oral health.

discuss the changes which might happen to the glands with

increasing age of the individuals

explain the dental pellicle

2/2

Saliva

13 Oral changes Oral changes due to aging describe the changes seen on the tooth structures, oral mucosa,

periodontal ligament related to aging.

explain the changes seen in the histology of the hard and soft

tissues of the teeth and the surrounding structures as age

increases.

to recognize these changes as being non pathological with

increase in age.

2/5

28


Hours

Dental abnormalities discuss dental anomalies of the number of teeth and related

syndromes (hyperdontia, hypodontia)

describe twinning and differentiate between fusion, germination

and concrescence.

discuss dental anomalies of size (microdontia, macrodontia and

twinning) and their management.

state details of dental anomalies of size and shape (dens

invaginatus, dens evaginatus, taurodontism) and their

management.

describe dental anomalies of structure related to enamel

(amelogenesis imperfecta, hypoplasia) and their management.

list information about dental anomalies of structure related to

dentin (dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia,

odontodysplasia) and their management.

discuss dental anomalies of structure related to cementum

29

5. LIST OF DEMONSTRATIONS AND SIMULATION EXERCISES

(1 simulation session = 3 hours)

No Demonstration & simulation topics Learning objectives - Able to: Demo

sessions

(hours)

Practical

sessions

(hours)

1. Tooth morphology:

Collection of extracted teeth from

clinic

Frasaco teeth

Oversize plaster teeth

Recognise and appreciate tooth morphology and

variation associated

6

2. Tooth drawing

To be able to develop basic understanding of important

terminology to describe teeth.

To be able to recognize each tooth class and every

individual deciduous and permanent teeth.

To be able to identify, describe and reproduce in

drawings the morphology of all deciduous and

permanent teeth.

(To be

submitted

by the

end of

Semester

1)

3. Tooth carving To be able to develop basic understanding of important

terminology to describe teeth.

30

To be able to recognize each tooth class and every

individual deciduous and permanent teeth.

To be able to replicate the anatomy of individual teeth in

wax for future application in clinical dentistry.

To be able to develop fine manual skills and wax

handling skills during tooth carving.

(To be

submitted

by the

end of

Semester

1)

4.

Introduction to Clinical Dentistry

Being a patient to year 3 students during their ICD clinic

Recognise communication between Year 3 students with their respective partners and clinical supervisor by using the right dental terminology.

6

5.

Dental charting

With partners, students will perform dental charting focusing on tooth numbering and morphology

Practice principles of tooth notation and identifying tooth surfaces and features on patient.

3

6.

Oral mucosa

With partners, students will perform intraoral examination looking at oral mucosa

Differentiate various area of oral mucosa

Apply the knowledge of oral mucosa clinically

0.5

2.5

7.

TMJ examination

With partners, students will perform TMJ examination and occlusion

Identify TMJ area and muscles of mastication

Identify various types of TMJ movement

Identify types of occlusion

0.5

2.5

31

8.

Dental occlusion

Mounting of upper and lower dental

cast representing occlusion inside the

mouth (individual task)

Identify types of occlusion

Analyse arrangement of dentition within and between arches

3

9.

Age estimation from radiographic

interpretation

To trace OPG of mixed dentition

Identify the normal structures of the images in the radiograph

Identify various stages of tooth development and eruption

Assess age of patient

3

10. Oral Biology Day Produce learning aid for Oral Biology topics 6

6. ASSESSMENT and EXAMINATION

The final grade for the course will be derived from 2 components i.e. the continuous assessment

marks (50%) and the marks from the final assessment at the First Professional Examination (50%)

which will be held at the end of Year 1. Students must pass the continuous assessment (marks must

be 25% and/or above) in order to sit for the final examination.

A. Marks for Continuous Assessment

Mini test (allocated time 1 hour)

Tooth morphology will be done in the form of OSPE (Objective structured practical examination)

while for other topics it can be either Multiple choice type questions (MCQ or SBA) or Essays or

Short answer type essays or a mixture between MCQ or SBA with essays or short answer type

essays.

Format Number of questions Percentage

Allocated time: 1 hour

Multiple choice questions + Essay

Multiple choice questions 15 50%

Essay 2 50%

Total 100%

or

Multiple choice questions only


or

SEQ only

SEQ 4 100%

or

OSPE: Allocated time : 2 minute per station

OSPE 30 stations 100%

No. Assessment Percentage

1 Continuous assessment 8 mini tests 24%

Tooth carving and drawing 6%

End of Semester 1 examination 20%

2 First Professional examination 50%

3 Total 100%

33

End of Semester I examination


Allocated time: 2 hours


Essay 3 40%

OSPE: Allocated time: 2 minute per station

OSPE 20 stations 20%

Total 100%

Tooth carving and tooth drawing:

Tooth carving and tooth drawing exercises will contribute to 6% of the continuous assessment.

Criteria and standards for tooth carving exercise: Please refer to these while working on your wax carving and before handing it up

Assessment criteria Excellent

(Mark = 8+)

Very good

(Mark = 7 -7.9)

Good

(Mark = 6 – 6.9)

Satisfactory

(Mark = 5 -5.9)

Borderline

(Mark = 4 – 4.9)

Unsatisfactory

(Mark = 3 – 3.9)

SA PA LA SA PA LA SA PA LA SA PA LA SA PA LA SA PA LA

Morphology of wax

pattern:

Is the wax adapted to the

margins of the

preparation?

Do La/Li or Bu/Li contour

corresponds to expected

shape of natural teeth?

Do contact areas present

and in correct location?

Can you identify precisely

what tooth it is and does

it accurately occludes

with opposing teeth?

Margins closely adapted

for all preparations.

Anatomy of buccal/lingual

surfaces accurately

represents morphology for

all preparations.

Occlusal anatomy

accurately represents

morphology, and occludes

for all preparations (for

study model)

Marginal ridge heights

match for all preparations.

Contact area locations are

correct in all preparations

(for study model)

Margins closely adapted for

majority of preparations.


surfaces accurately represents

morphology for majority of

preparations.

Occlusal anatomy accurately

represents morphology, and

occludes for majority of

preparations (for study model)

Marginal ridge heights match for

majority of preparations.

Contact area locations are correct

in majority of preparations (for

study model)

Margins closely adapted for some

of preparations.



morphology for some of

preparations.



occludes for some preparations

(for study model)


some preparations.


in some of preparations (for study

model)

Margins closely adapted for a few

preparations.



morphology in a few

preparations.



occlude in a few preparations (for

study model)

Marginal ridge heights match in a

few preparations.


in a few preparations (for study

model)

May exhibit excellent preps on

one side of arch and poor on the

other.

Margins closely adapted in 1 or 2

preparations.



morphology in 1 or 2

preparations.



occlude in 1 or 2 preparations (for

study model)


only 1 or 2 preparations.


in 1 or 2 preparations (for study

model)

Margins not closely adapted in

any preparations.


surfaces does not represent

morphology in any preparations.

Occlusal anatomy does not

represent morphology, and do

not occlude in any preparation

(for study model)

Marginal ridge heights do not

match in any preparations.

Contact area locations inaccurate

in all preparations (for study

model)

Waxing technique

Homogenous wax, no

impurities, deep,

consistent colour, wax

surface smooth and

polished

Wax homogenous in all

preparations

Wax surface smooth and

polished in all

preparations

Wax homogenous in majority of

preparations

Wax surface smooth and polished

in majority of preparations

Wax homogenous in some of

preparations

Wax surface smooth and polished

in some of preparations

Some streaking evident in wax in

1 or 2 preparations

Wax surface smooth in majority

of preparations


most preparations

Wax surface rough with shallow

indentations in majority of

preparations


majority of preparations

Wax surface very rough with

deep indentations majority of

preparations

Model presentation No damage to models

No wax extending beyond

prepared margins.

No damage to models

Minor wax extension beyond

prepared margins.

No damage to models

Minor wax extension beyond

prepared margins in some

preparations.

Models exhibit some damaged

Wax extension beyond prepared

margins in many preparations.

Models marked with some wax

stains



margins for many preparations.

Models heavily coated with wax

stains



margins for all preparations.

Models heavily coated with wax

stains

(Adapted from the School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide)

35

Criteria and standards for tooth drawing exercise: Please refer to these while working on your tooth drawing and before handing it up

Assessment criteria Excellent

(Mark = 8+)

Very good

(Mark = 7 -7.9)

Good

(Mark = 6 – 6.9)

Satisfactory

(Mark = 5 -5.9)

Borderline

(Mark = 4 – 4.9)

Unsatisfactory

(Mark = 3 – 3.9)

SA PA LA SA PA LA SA PA LA SA PA LA SA PA LA SA PA LA

Morphology:

Do all required drawing

submitted?

Do all five aspects of

tooth present?

Does general shape of

each tooth conform to

the correct morphology?

Is the ratio of crown-root

reasonable?

All required drawing

submitted.

Buccal/Labial view,

Palatal/lingual view,

occlusal view, Mesial view

and distal view present for

all teeth.

The shape of all teeth


morphology.

Ratio of crown and root

are accurately represents

correct morphology.

All required drawing submitted.

Buccal/Labial view, Palatal/lingual

view, occlusal view, Mesial view

and distal view present for all

teeth.

The shape of majority of the teeth


morphology.

Ratio of crown and root for

majority of the teeth are

accurately represents correct

morphology.





teeth.

The shape of some of the teeth


morphology.

Ratio of crown and root for some

of the teeth are accurately

represents correct morphology.





teeth.

The shape of the teeth accurately

represents morphology for a few

of the drawings.

Ratio of crown and root for a few

of the teeth are accurately





and distal view present for some

of the teeth.

The shape of the teeth accurately

represents morphology for 1 or 2

of the drawings.

Ratio of crown and root for 1 or 2

of the drawings are accurately


All required drawings were not

submitted.

Labeling

Do all important features

properly labeled?

All dental features for all

teeth are properly labeled.

Majority of dental features for all

teeth are properly labeled.

Some of the dental features for

some of the teeth are properly

labeled.

Only a few of the dental features

for some of the teeth are

properly labeled.

Only 1 or 2 of the dental features

for some of the teeth are

properly labeled.

No labeling present for each

drawing.

(Adapted from the School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide)

B. Final Assessment in First Professional Examination

i. General Structure

This examination will be held at the end of Year 1 and it will cover all the lecture topics given in Year

Year 1. The examination consists of 2 components, which is the written paper and OSPE. This

examination will test your knowledge, understanding and the clinical application of the information

that you have acquired throughout oral biology course.

ii. Requirements

There are two requirements that you must fulfill before you are allowed to sit for the First

Professional Examination which are:

a) Attendance of at least 80% for both lectures and clinics.

b) Continuous assessment – must pass i.e. at least 25% of the overall marks.

iii. Format of the First Professional Exam (50% of final mark)

The examination comprise:

a. One theory paper which consists essays (short and long)

b. OSPE


Written paper (allocated time: 3 hours)


Essay 4 40%

OSPE: Allocated time : 2 minute per station OSPE 30 20%

Total 100%

iv. Pass/Fail Viva

a. Candidates with a final rounded mark of 45 to 49 inclusive will be required to attend a

Pass/Fail viva voce examination. The viva will be approximately 15 minutes in duration, and

will be conducted by at least 3 examiners i.e. one from each unit.

37

b. No marks shall be awarded for the viva. The candidates will only be awarded either a ‘Pass’

or ‘Fail’. Candidates who are awarded a ‘Pass’ will have their final mark raised to 50, whilst

the marks of candidates who are awarded a ‘Fail’ will not be amended.

iv. Distinction Viva

a. Candidates with a final rounded mark of 75 or above will be invited to attend for a

Distinction viva voce examination.

b. The viva will be approximately 15 minutes in duration, and will be conducted by at least 3

examiners i.e. one from each unit.

c. No marks shall be awarded for the viva. Distinctions will be awarded at the discretion of the

examiners on the basis of the performance in the viva. Successful candidates will be awarded

a ‘Pass with Distinction’.

v. Grading

Following any pass/fail and distinction viva examinations, candidates will be awarded a grade as

follows:

A 80 and above

A- 75 –79

B+ 70 –74

B 65 – 69

B- 60 – 64

C+ 55 – 59

C 50 – 54

C- 45 – 49

D 44 – 0

38

vi. Repeat Examination

Any candidate who fails the First Professional Examination will be required to re-sit the

examination, subject to any provisions and requirements of the programme regulations.

The repeat examination format will be the same as that detailed above but with the following

provisions:

a. The accumulated continuous assessment marks will not contribute towards the final mark of

this exam. The final mark will be determined solely by this examination.

b. No pass/fail viva will be conducted for this examination.

c. Candidates will not be eligible to attend for a Distinction viva.

d. Students who fail this repeat exam will be required to repeat the year i.e. the 1st year.

Formative assessment

Throughout the course, students will undergo formative assessments that are designed to help in

appreciating the effectiveness of their learning. This assessment does not count towards the final

marks or grading, but the assessment is used to identify and monitor students who may need

additional help with studies. This may include quizzes on iFolio, PBL presentation assessment,

assignments, participation during practical and others.

39

7. Recommended Reading References

1. Antonio Nanci (2008)

Ten Cate’s Oral Histology: Development, structure and function. 7th ed.

Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis

2. Ash MM and Nelson SL (2003)

Dental anatomy, physiology and occlusion. 8th ed.

WB Saunders, Philadelphia.

3. Bath- Balogh M and Fehrencah MJ (1997)

Illustrated dental embryology, histology and anatomy.


4. Berkovitz BKB, Holland GR and Moxham BJ (1992)

A colour atlas and textbook of oral anatomy, histology and embryology.

Wolfe Medical Publications, London.

5. Berkovitz BKB, Moxham BJ and Holland GR (2002)

Oral anatomy, embryology and histology. 3rd ed.

Mosby, Edinburgh.

6. Jordan RE and Abrams L (1991)

Kraus’ dental anatomy and occlusion.

Mosby Year Book, St Louis.

7. Okeson JP (2003)

Management of Temporomandibular disorders and occlusion. 5th ed.

Mosby, St Louis.

8. Ramfjord SP and Ash MM (1995)

Occlusion. 4th ed.


9. Woelfel JB and Schneid RC (2002)

Dental anatomy: its relevance to dentistry. 6th ed.

Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.

40

8. Appendices Seminar Evaluation Form

Student’s Name: Matrix No:

Group: Date of class:

Course Code/Name: Facilitator:

Type of Learning Activities (Please in the appropriate box)

Tutorial PBL Case presentation Others. Pls state ___________________

Assessment of skills: Please in the box for the skill(s) to be assessed

Knowledge – Able to Please for the level of achievement

1 2 3 4 5

1. Exhibit accurate and elaborated breath and depth of understanding of concepts in the knowledge domain.

2. Explain how particular facts came to be. Demonstrates an appreciation of the limitations and temporary nature of conceptual knowledge in the discipline or field.

3. Generate and justify principles, protocols and hypotheses.

Communication skill – Able to

1. Balance listening and responding. Actively listen to others and responds appropriately, reflecting a personal understanding of the viewpoint expressed.

2. Communicate clearly, precisely and in a well-organised manner

3. Uses a varied vocabulary to convey ideas, using little ineffective repetition or limited diction, generally uses correct/appropriate word choice and discipline-specific terminology

Teamwork skill – Able to

1. Participate effectively as a team member i.e. share/contribute ideas to complete the assignment given.

2. Help team member to improve the work

3. Offer assistance to team members to defend ideas

Critical thinking and problem solving skills – Able to

1. Exhibit thorough and accurate understanding of concepts and processes and can analyze and apply them in new situations.

2. Break large ideas, situations or problems down into components and explain each using the theoretical ideas and concepts of the discipline.

3. Synthesize a number of concepts or factors into a larger idea. Can evaluate the salience & limitations of arguments

4. Uses principles and theories accurately to solve problems

Use of information technology – Able to

1. Seek out and locates required information independently.

2. Be selective and discriminates between sources of information.

3. Use academic conventions such as referencing and citation accurately, consistent and appropriate for the discipline.

Supervisor’s signature

Description of level:

1 - Not yet to desired standard or unsafe practice. Possibly a resubmit or a fail grade would be given; 2 - Reached basic academic standards and capable of limited safe

practice – passed; 3 - Has completely reached the standards expected; 4 - Have gone beyond the basic expected standards; 5 - Exhibit high levels of independence. Can

engage in productive critical reflection.

42

9. Information about the department of clinical oral biology

GENERAL INFORMATION

Department of Clinical Oral Biology is one of the eight departments in the Faculty of Dentistry.

Department administrative office and lecturers’ offices are located at First floor, Block L. Teaching

and research laboratories are located at ground floor and first floor, Block Q. This department is

responsible for the teaching of preclinical subjects involving first year and second year as well as

Advanced Medical Course for postgraduate students.

A. Department of Clinical Oral Biology staff

1. Dr Zamirah Zainal Abidin Head of Department/Year 2 coordinator/Lecturer 03‐92897122 [email protected]

2. Dr. Nor Atika Md Ashar Oral Biology course coordinator/ Dental Lecturer 03-9289 7773 [email protected]

3. Dr Ahmad Tarmidi Sailan Lecturer 03‐92897451 [email protected]

4. Dr Safar Sumit Bunyarit Anatomy course coordinator/Dental Lecturer 03‐92897767 [email protected]

5. Dr Azizah Ahmad Fauzi Dental lecturer [email protected]

6. Miss Leong Xin Fang Year 1 coordinator/ Pharmacology course coordinator/Tutor 03- 92897707 [email protected]

7. Miss Nuramirah Azizan Tutor 03‐92897780 [email protected]

8. Mrs Mariati Abdul Rahman Lecturer (on study leave)

9. Mrs Zaleha Shafiei Lecturer (on study leave)

mailto:[email protected]





43

B. Supporting staff

1. Mrs. Wan Normanisah Wan Ngah Department secretary 013‐3337403 [email protected]

2. Mrs. Kiftiah Ahmed

03- 9289 7710 [email protected]

3. Mrs. Shahani Muhammad


4. Mr. Mohd Hizam Othmman [email protected]

5. Mrs. Norhaizan Abdul Ghafar [email protected]

6. Miss Nurulnuha Kamal Bahrain [email protected]

7. Mr. Mohd Hafidz Md. Jailani [email protected]

8. Mr. Mohd Faizul Reza Abdan Rahman [email protected]

9. Mrs Natasya Nabila Sahrudin

[email protected] 03-92897710

C. Oral Biology lecturers

Name Contact Number (office) Email address

Dr. Nor Atika Md Ashar (Course coordinator)

03 – 9289 7773 [email protected]

Dr. Safar Sumit Bunyarit 03 – 9289 7767 [email protected]

Dr. Asma Alhusna Abang Abdullah


Dr. Alizae Marny Fadzlin Syed Mohamed


Dr. Murshida Marizan Nor











44

D. Notice Boards

Notice board is located at the corridor on the first floor, Block L. Please check this notice board

periodically to keep yourself up-to-date with any changes involving the department.

E. Venue:

1. Most lectures will be carried out in Dewan Kuliah 3 (DK3) or Dewan Kuliah 1 (DK1)

2. Tutorials will be carried out in PBM rooms, level 3, Block Q, Faculty of Dentistry or

Multidisciplinary laboratories (MPD I & II)

3. Practical will be carried out in Multidisciplinary laboratories (MPD I & II)

4. Mini tests will be carried out at Multidisciplinary laboratories (MPD I & II) or

Bilik Mesyuarat Utama (BMU), level 3, Block Q.

If you have any enquiries or concerns about the course, do not hesitate to contact anyone of us.

Students are also required to actively use iFolio platform (http://iFolio.ukm.my) to connect with

friends and lecturers throughout the course.

2014 2015 oral biology course guidebook

Education

course learning outcomes

tooth structures

learning dentistry

course descriptionoral

learning objectives

tooth identification

learning process

tooth carving