2 pmil mycotoxin workshop-pmil overview-rhoads

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on

Peanut Productivity and Mycotoxin Control

(Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab)

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

• Global importance (39 million tons, 95% in developing countries)

• Highly nutritious (protein, fiber,unsaturated fats, RUTF/RUSF)

• Valuable as a legume in cereal systems (fixes nitrogen)

• Often a women’s (and cash) crop (food security)

• Drought Tolerant (Climate Smart)

Why peanuts?


• Contaminate numerous crops, and livestock products• Reduce quality and marketability• Carcinogenic with serious health effects• Linked with childhood stunting

Why mycotoxins?


Peanut value chains in 5 countries

USA

Haiti

Ghana

Zambia

Mozambique

Malawi

Mycotoxin mitigation across crops

PMIL’s Focus


PMIL Research Portfolio•Breeding (Deom)•Genomics (Ozias-Akins)•RNAi (Arias)

•Aflagoggles (Yao)•Blood samples (Wang)•Detection (Mallikarjunan)

•Haiti VC (MacDonald)•Ghana VC (Jordan)•Intervention Study (Magnan)•Malawi/Zambia/Mozambique

VC (Brandenburg)•Economic Assessments (Bravo-

Ureto)•Nutrition Study (Manary)


Haiti Peanut Production


Filbert, Meghan and Brown, Dan, September, 2012. Aflatoxin Contamination in Haitian and Kenyan Peanut Butter and Two Solutions for Reducing Such Contamination. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 7:321-332.

Aflatoxin Contamination in Haitian Peanut Butter


Consumption ConsumptionProcessingProcessingMarketMarketProductionProduction

o Small Scaleo Low inputo Low yieldo Rainfedo Manual

o Informalo Local o Individualo Seasonalo Speculative

o Household Scale

o Localo Manual o Limited QC

o Peanut Buttero Roasted Peanutso Local

Haitian Peanut Value Chain Model


High Production Costs– Land holding (0.5ha/1.2ac)– Low tech, manual labor (cash & collective)– High cost of inputs (seed & labor)– Limited access to credit for agriculture

Low Yields (~400kg/ha)– Rainfed– Disease– Low soil fertility– Low quality seed (genetically & physically)– Lack of technical expertise– Limited input availability

Consumption ConsumptionProcessingProcessingMarketMarketProduction


o Drought Stresso Disease Stresso Spacing/Germinationo Rotationo Soil fertility


o Peanut grown on sloping lando Limited potential for improvement


o Labor costso Securityo Drying tarp improvement


Post-Harvest Handling– Incomplete drying– Insecure, unventilated storage

High Prices (~60-100HTG/kg = $1250-2k/ton) $430/ton in US

– Seasonal Volatility– Fragmented market chain– Exploitative speculation by middlemen

Low Quality– High levels of aflatoxin– Immature peanuts

Consumption ConsumptionProcessingProcessingMarketProductionProduction


o Small traders = high transaction costs, negative feedback to producer

o Volumetric trading = no quality valuation

o Transportationo Bag improvement


ConsumptionProcessingMarketMarketProductionProduction

Peanut Butter at household/community scaleRoasted peanuts at local marketNo Economies of Scale

95% goes to informal sector Manual processing Limited quality control

No alternative/waste stream uses (oil, feed, fuel, etc.) Sorted peanuts are used in mamba, tablette

Higher Cost/Lower Quality Product for Consumer


USAID Peanut CRSP Research (2008-2012)

• Reduce production costs– Livelihood Survey– Mechanization– Seed systems

• Improve yields– Training farmers, students &

agronomists – Creole language production guide– Variety evaluation– Input trials (fungicide, fertility)

• Aflatoxin Control– Detection– Alternative uses


Variety/Fungicide TrialsRandomized replicated plots with 3rd year agronomy students in Limbe, Northern Haiti


Variety Trials


• Improve plant health (varieties, agronomy)• Improved drying• New storage options• Better processing technologies• Find alternative uses for the waste stream• Educate consumers and policy makers• Research exposure levels to focus resources

Best Bets and Next Steps for Mycotoxin Control in Haiti


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2 pmil mycotoxin workshop-pmil overview-rhoads

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