2 functions of the 2 functions of the Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

1. Moves oxygen from the 1. Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the outside environment into the body. body.

2. Removes carbon dioxide 2. Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body and water from the body (aka waste).(aka waste).

Human LungsHuman LungsNOT Hollow Balloons but, A Spongy NOT Hollow Balloons but, A Spongy

OrganOrgan

The respiratory system The respiratory system includes:includes:

nasal passagesnasal passages

pharynx pharynx

larynxlarynx

tracheatrachea

bronchi and bronchiolesbronchi and bronchioles

alveolialveoli

The Path of AirThe Path of Air1. Air first enters the 1. Air first enters the NoseNose or or MouthMouth – –

Air is Air is moistenedmoistened and and heatedheated before before going into the going into the tracheatrachea. .

Cilia and mucus, in the nose, trap dirt from Cilia and mucus, in the nose, trap dirt from the air. the air.

Cilia – cells with hair like extensions. Cilia – cells with hair like extensions.

Mucus – sticky material, keeps nose fromMucus – sticky material, keeps nose from

drying out. Traps dust particles. drying out. Traps dust particles.

Cilia push the mucus to the Cilia push the mucus to the back back of your throatof your throat and you swallow and you swallow it!!it!!

**On average, you swallow a pint **On average, you swallow a pint of mucus per day (milk carton in of mucus per day (milk carton in cafeteria)cafeteria)

The Path of Air cont.The Path of Air cont.

2. Air moves to the 2. Air moves to the PharynxPharynx – – (the throat)(the throat)

3. Into the 3. Into the LarynxLarynx (voice box) (voice box)

EpiglottisEpiglottis - flap of tissue that covers the - flap of tissue that covers the opening of the larynx when you are opening of the larynx when you are eating. Also protects from sinus eating. Also protects from sinus drainage.drainage.

If food goes down the larynx you If food goes down the larynx you ________.________.

The Path of Air cont.The Path of Air cont.

4. Air moves into the 4. Air moves into the tracheatrachea (aka the (aka the windpipe) a 4 inch windpipe) a 4 inch long tube that moves long tube that moves air into your lungs. air into your lungs.

The walls of the The walls of the tracheatrachea have have rings of cartilage to protect it rings of cartilage to protect it and prevent it from and prevent it from collapsing.collapsing.

The trachea splits into 2 The trachea splits into 2 bronchibronchi. .

The Path of Air (Cont.)The Path of Air (Cont.)

5. 5. Bronchi (tubes)Bronchi (tubes) – You have 2 bronchi. – You have 2 bronchi. One leads into your right lung and one One leads into your right lung and one into your left lung. into your left lung.

Each bronchus (singular) leads air into the Each bronchus (singular) leads air into the lungs and divides into smaller and lungs and divides into smaller and smaller tubes, called bronchioles.smaller tubes, called bronchioles.

**Think of how a tree trunk divides into **Think of how a tree trunk divides into smaller and smaller branches.smaller and smaller branches.

6. The last stop for air is in the 6. The last stop for air is in the AlveoliAlveoli – grape-like structures – grape-like structures at the at the endend of the bronchioles. of the bronchioles.

CapillariesCapillaries, very tiny blood vessels, , very tiny blood vessels, surround each alveoli cluster so the surround each alveoli cluster so the blood can pick up large amounts of blood can pick up large amounts of oxygen.oxygen.

Breathing vs. RespirationBreathing vs. Respiration

Breathing – Breathing – Movement of air in Movement of air in and out of the lungsand out of the lungs..

Respiration – The release of Respiration – The release of energyenergy that takes place inside of that takes place inside of cellscells. . OxygenOxygen and and sugarsugar are are used by the cell to generate used by the cell to generate energyenergy for your body to use, for for your body to use, for growthgrowth and and functionfunction..

Diaphragm – a large dome-shaped Diaphragm – a large dome-shaped MUSCLEMUSCLE, , just under the lungs, that just under the lungs, that movesmoves to inflate to inflate the lungs with the lungs with airair..

This is the This is the musclemuscle that that contractscontracts and and relaxesrelaxes to fill the lungs with air! The to fill the lungs with air! The brainstembrainstem controls this muscle. controls this muscle.

The left lung is a little smaller than the The left lung is a little smaller than the right lung because it shares space in right lung because it shares space in the left side of the chest with the heart.the left side of the chest with the heart.