Cardiovascular Disease

A. Palumbo9th Grade Health

The Cardiovascular System

Transports nutrients and removes waste from the body.

Supplies blood and oxygen to the body.

The Cardiovascular System

Heart Arteries Veins Lungs Kidneys

The Heart

Superior Vena Cava Right and Left atrium Right and left ventricle Aorta Pulmonary artery Arteries

› Supply the oxygen to the heart muscle

Arteries and Veins

Arteries› Carry blood away from the heart › Oxygenated› Carries oxygen all parts of the body

Veins › Carry blood to the heart› Deoxygenated › Carries carbon dioxide and other waste

Lungs and Kidneys

Lungs › Where the blood picks up oxygen once you

inhale› Allows the release of Carbon dioxide once

you exhale

Kidneys› Filters waste out of the blood

What is Cardiovascular Disease?

•Coronary Artery Disease (narrowing the arteries)•Heart attacks•Abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmias•Heart failure•Heart valve disease•Heart muscle disease•Pericardial disease•Vascular Disease (blood vessels)

Coronary Artery Disease

Atherosclerosis› Hardening of the arteries that provide vital

oxygen and nutrients to heart Could eventually cause a part of the

heart muscle (myocardium) die off › Lack of blood flow.

Abnormal heart Rhythms

Steady heart beats about 60-100 times a minute

Heart can get out of rhythm called arrhythmia

Produce uneven heart beats Can change rate

› Cause heart beat to be very slow or very fast

Heart Failure

Does not mean heart has stopped working

Blood is not pumping as well as it should› Leads to water retention (swelling) and

shortness of breath.

Heart valve and heart muscle

A valve lies at each exit of the four chamber of the heart› On way› Insufficiency

Cardiomyopathies › Disease in heart muscle› Also called enlarged heart› Abnormally thick and enlarge

Causes weak blood flow

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the lining surrounding the heart

Rare condition often caused by infection

What happens during a heart attack?

Myocardial infarction› Myo-muscle› Cardial-heart› Infarction-death of tissue due to lack of

blood supply Plaque builds up in arteries supplying blood Blood clots form around plaque and

totally block the artery This causes part of the muscle to be

oxygen deprived and die Causes permanent damage to heart muscle

Signs and Symptoms of heart attack

Shortness of breath Chest pains

› Discomfort, pressure, heaviness› Below breast bone

Discomfort in arm, back, jaw, or throat Sweating, dizziness Nausea, vomiting Extreme weakness Rapid or irregular heart beats

Test to diagnose a heart attack

ECG› EKG- can tell how much damage has

occurred in heart muscle Blood test

› Look for Cardiac enzymes to indicate muscle damage

Cardiac catheterization› Cardiac cath

Can see direct visual of block artery

Uncontrollable Risk factors

Male Sex

Older age

Family history of heart disease

Post- menopausal

Controllable risk factors

Smoking High cholesterol

› High LDL “bad cholesterol” Hypertension

› High blood pressure Physical inactivity Obesity Diabetes (uncontrolled) Uncontrolled Stress and anger

Prevention Do not smoke Controlled diet- EAT RIGHT

› Improve cholesterol levels › Achieve and maintain healthy weight

Regular exercise- BE ACTIVE› 30-60 minutes most days of the week

Control Hypertension › Exercise and good diet

Manage Stress

Statistics

•Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in both men and women in the US.

•Heart failure is a major health problem in US affecting 5 million Americans. • The leading cause of hospitalization in people over 65

Statistics Cont.

• About eight out of 1,000 children are affected by congenital heart disease.

• Coronary artery disease cause abut 1.2 million heart attacks each year. About 40 percent will die

Resources

http://www.webmd.com/heartdisease/guide/diseases-cardiovascular

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-disease-prevention/WO00041

http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm

http://www.umm.edu/features/tips_prev.htm