Respiratory/Circulatory Study Guide

Test is Wednesday, 11/26

The Respiratory System

http://137.222.110.150/calnet/irish_cal/exotics/respiratory%20system.jpg

Larynx

Trachea

Left BronchusRight Bronchus

Alveoli

Diaphragm

Nasal Cavity

Nose

Epiglottis

Lung

The system of the body that deals with

breathing

The body takes in the oxygen that it needs and

removes the carbon dioxide that it doesn’t

The Oxygen Delivery System

• Main function - to supply the blood with oxygen

• Does this through breathing

Breathing and Respiration are NOT

the same thing!

Breathing

Moving air in and out of the lungs

Inhalation

• Breathing in

• Body gets oxygen from the air

• Rib muscles contract to pull ribs up and out ( ribs expand)

• Diaphragm muscle contracts to pull down the lungs

• Tissue expands to force (pull) in air.

Exhalation

• Breathing out

• Get rid of carbon dioxide

• Rib muscles relax – ribs go down

• Diaphragm muscle relaxes

• Tissue returns to resting position and forces (pushes) air out

http://users.tpg.com.au/users/amcgann/body/respiratory.html

1. Describe the steps involved in inhalation and exhalation.

• Inhalation: diaphragm becomes smaller( contracts) and drops down. The ribs expand out and air rushed into fill the lungs.

• Exhalation: diaphragm relaxes into an upward position and the ribs move downward. The space shrinks and air is forced out of the lungs.

2. Explain the process of cellular respiration.

http://users.tpg.com.au/users/amcgann/body/respiratory.html

http://webschoolsolutions.com/patts/systems/lungs.htm

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/

http://users.tpg.com.au/users/amcgann/body/respiratory.html

http://www.mtsinai.org/

2. Cellular Respiration

Chemical reaction that releases energy

Three Kinds of Blood Vessels

• Arteries

• Veins

• Capillaries

Arteries

• Carry blood AWAY from the heart

• Heart pumps blood

• Main artery called the aorta

• Aorta divides and branches

• Many smaller arteries

• Each region of your body has system of arteries supplying it with fresh, oxygen-rich blood. ( RED)

http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html

Have strong, muscular walls

The inner layer is very smooth so that the blood can flow easily

Capillaries

• Food and oxygen released to the body cells

• Carbon dioxide and other waste products returned to the bloodstream

w3.uokhsc.edu

Veins

• Carry blood to the heart

• Receive blood from the capillaries

• Transport waste-rich/ oxygen-poor blood back to the lungs and heart

• Valves are located inside the veins

• Allow blood to move in one direction

http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html

Valves are located inside the veins. The valves only allow blood to move in one

direction.

http://users.tpg.com.au/users/amcgann/body/circulatory.html

4. Know the definitions of arteries, veins and capillaries.

• Arteries: blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

• Veins: blood vessels that lead to the heart and have valves.

• Capillaries: small blood vessels that connect arteries with veins.

Blood

• Pumped by your heart.

• Travels through thousands of miles of blood vessels

• Carries nutrients, water, oxygen and waste products to and from your body cells.

• Made up of liquids, solids and small amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Blood

• Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.

• Takes carbon dioxide and transports it back to the lungs

• About 5,000,000 Red Blood Cells in ONE drop of blood.

http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html

Blood

• White blood cells protect the body from germs

• Attack and destroy germs when they enter the body

Blood

• Platelets are blood cells that helpstop bleeding

user.gru.net/clawrence/ vccl/chpt7/plate.htm

Blood

• Plasma is the liquid part of the blood

• Over half of your blood is made of plasma

• The plasma carries the blood cells throughout the body

• Plasma is made in the liver.

http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html

6. List the 4 main components of blood and the major function of each component.

• White blood cells: destroys bacteria and fights infection

• Red blood cells: carries oxygen andcarbon dioxide to and from the lungs.

• Platelets: aid (help) in blood clotting

• Plasma: liquid part of the blood. 55% of the blood is plasma.

The Heart

• Size of your fist

• Thick muscular walls

• Divided into two pumps

• Each pump has two chambers

• Upper chamber - atrium receives blood coming in from the veins

• Lower chamber - ventricle squeezes blood out into the arteries

http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html

Close up of heart valveHeart sounds are made by the

valvesas they open and close

http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html

7.Explain the function of valves in the circulatory system and where are they found.

• Valves are structures in the heart and in some veins that prevent blood from flowing backwards.

The Circulatory System

Transportation system by which

oxygen and nutrients reach the body's cells, and waste

materials are carried away.

Also carries substances called hormones, which

control body processes, and

antibodies to fight invading germs.

www.biosbcc.net/doohan/ sample/htm/heart.htm

Parts of the Circulatory System

• Divided into three major parts:

–The Heart

–The Blood

–The Blood Vessels

8. Explain why the heart can be called a double pump.

• Each side has a separate pump performing a different job.

• Left side: blood comes from the lungs which is oxygen rich.

• Right side: blood comes from the body and is oxygen poor.

9. Name the 2 most important things the blood carries to the body cells and the waste gas that blood carries away from these cells.

• Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to body cells. Carbon dioxide is the waste gas that blood carries away from the cells.

10. Label the 9 parts of the heart.

• Use your Heart coloring activity on p. 6.

3. Explain what blood pressure is and 4 factors that can influence it.

• The force exerted by blood against vessel walls.

• Four factors

• 1) heart and physical activity

• 2) heredity

• 3) stress

• 4) added weight

5. List five factors that could affect a person’s heart rate. Tell whether each

factor raises or lowers heart rate.

• Exercise: increases heart rate

• Stress: increases heart rate

• Meditation : decreases heart rate

• Added weight: increase heart rate

• Smoking: increases heart rate