2 3 envtl issues- indian & global pst envtl issues

8/12/2019 2 3 Envtl Issues- Indian & Global Pst Envtl Issues

1/104

!"#$%" ' ()*+%) ,"-$.*"/0"1%) !22302

'4.020"1 ,"-$.*"/0"1%) 51%132


2/104

#$%& '$()$ *+,,-+./*0 &$1 &-&%2 *+3 -4 &$1 )-./(&(-. -4&$1 *+,,-+./(.5* '(&$(. '$()$ %. -,5%.(*30 -, 5,-+60-, %. -781)&019(*&*:(.)2+/(.5 &$1 .%&+,%2 %* 3-/(;1/ 7 &$1 %,&(;)(%2?@


3/104

OBJECTIVES

A%. (* -.1 -4 &$1 *61)(1* '$- (.$%7(& &$1 1%,&$@ #$1 (* &$1 -.2< -.1'$- $%* (.&1,41,1/ '(&$ =%,(-+* .%&+,%2 6,-)1**1* 4-, +*1 -4 7-&$ 7(-2-5()%2 > 6$


4/104

Atmosphere

Sea

Abiotic Environment

Biotic Environment


5/104

I&3-*6$1,1

P


6/104

SolarRadiationClimat

e

Geolog ySoil

V e g e t

a t i o n A

n i

m a l s

BioticComponent

AbioticComponent

Sun provides energy for plant photosynthesis

Amount of solar radiation varies withlatitude & hence effects climate. solarradiation also power weather systems

Soil [provides habitat including water & air for many invertebrates addition many animals haveevolved specialist cope with different soils for example the feet of camel.

Volcanic activity ,mountain, ranges etc. canalso affect climate

Climate interacts with geology in soilformation provides water for solar climate.

Plants provides food for animals

Dead plants & animals decomposes & return nutrients to the soil. Nutrientsare also returned to the soil through animal excrement.

Vegetation gives off water vapour who helps to stabilize the climate of the earth.Climate restricts the type of plants & animals that can survive in a particularecosystem. Water & temperature are two main climate controls.

Animals alter vegetation by browsing & grazing. Human have significantly alteredvegetation patterns through modification for agriculture.

Soil provides water & nutrients for plantstogether with a physical base in which plants caroot themselves.


7/104

!"# %"##&'( )(*+,-.& /, )*/0("#& +1 *)'2 3/4&'( 5),&, 6,",-&'3&3 -)#(/%7&,8 9( /, )7*+,(,)*& &: ;.& "- (+ )' )7(/("3&+1 *,8?.& )(*+,-.& /,3/:/3&3 /' (+ @ 7)2,A

Name ofsphere orlayer

HeightinKms.

Temperature

ImportantChemicalSpecies (Gas)

Troposphere 0-8 15 to 45 N 2,O 2,CO2,

H2Stratosphere 8-50 -55 to 05 O 3,O 2

Mesosphere 50-80 -2 to -90 N 2+O2

Ionosphere 80-400

O2,O+,NO+

Exosphere 400-1600

H2,He


8/104

Constituent Symbol Average concentration Source Volume

Nitrogen N 2 780900 Biotic 7.809 ! 10 1

Oxygen O 2 209400 Biotic 2-094 ! 10 1

Argon Ar 9300 Radioactive 9.3 ! 10 -1

Carbon dioxide CO 2 318318 Biotic & industrial 3.18 ! 10 -2

Neon Ne 18 Internal

helium He 5.2 Radioactive 5.2 ! 10 -4

Methane CH 4 1.3 Biotic 1.3 ! 10 -4

Krypton Kr 1.0 Internal 1.0 ! 10 -5

Hydrogen H 2 0.5 Biotic & photochemical 5.0 ! 10 -5

Water H 2O 0.25 Physical 2.5 ! 10 -5Carbon monoxide CO 0.1 Photochemical & industrial 1.0 ! 10 -5

Ozone O 3 0.02 Photochemical 2.0 ! 10 -6

Ammonia NH 3 0-01 Photochemical 1.0 ! 10 -6

Nitrogen dioxide NO 2 0.001 Biotic & industrial 1.0 ! 10 -7

Sulpher dioxide SO 2 0.002 Photochemical 2.0 ! 10 -8


9/104

Source PollutionTransportation 42%

Fuel 21%Industries 14%

Solid wastedisposal

05%

Other 18%

42%

678

Transportation Fuel

C* %. +.'%.&1/ )$%.51 (. &$1R+%2( &< -4 1%,&$Q* 1%,& $*%&3-*6$1,1 )%+*1/ 7< 13(**(-.-4 5%*1* )%+*1/ 7< 13(**(-. -45%*1* /+1 &- 7+,.(.5 -4 4-**(24+120&,%.*6-,&%&(-.0(./+*&,(%2(.*&(&+&(-. 1&)@

Industries waste Other

21%

14%

05%

18%


10/104

Different PollutantsS@ M % * 1 - + * ' % * & 1 T K 9 ( / 1 * - 4

.(&,-51.0UK V 0WKV 0WK@W20H,0C0KX> *3-5@V@ W-36219 -,5%.() )$13()%2*T H1.L1.10 1&$1,@X@ I)(/ 6,-6 21&*T P VUKY 0 POK XY@ I 5 , - ) $ 1 3 ( ) % 2 * T 4 1 , & ( 2 ( L 1 , * 06 1 * & ( ) ( / 1 * 0 $ 1 , 7 ( ) ( 9 2 1 * 0 4 + . 5 ( ) ( / 1 * 0

,13%&()(/1*0'11/()(/1*071)&,1)(/1* 1&)@Z@ [2+-,(/1*\@ A1&%2*T A1,)+,


11/104


12/104


13/104

C&%+'3)#2 -+77"()'(, D?.&,& #&,"7( 1#+* %.&*/%)7 #&)%(/+', E&(;&&' (;++# *+#& )/# %+*-+'&'(,8

Formation of secondary pollutants

2SO 2+O2 2SO 3

2SO 3+H2O H2SO4 (Secondary pollutant)

O%&+,%2 J-22+&%.&*T #$1 6-22+&(-. '$()$ )-31* -+& 4,-3 .%&+,%2*-+,)1* *+)$ %* 4-,1*& ;,1* =-2)%.() 1,+6&(-. /1)-36-*(&(-. -4-,5%.() 3%b1, > .%&+,%2 ,%/(-%)&(=(&


14/104

Primary Pollutants Secondary Pollutants

Factory

Volcano

NO2,SO 3,HNO3,

H2SO4,H2O2,O3,PANs,MostNO 3-- & SO4-2CO,CO

2,NO,Most

Hydrocarbons,Most SPM

Solar radiation


15/104

4*93)%:*" (.*;1 1A

B


16/104

!"=.0%2$"@ 4*93)%:*"


17/104

4*93)%:*" (.*;1 "%:*"2 $"1


25/104

4*))3:*"


26/104

O$. 4*))3:*"


27/104

S3..$=%"0 _%1.$"%

! /9%=1 *G S3 . .$=%"0 _%1.$"% ;%2 $120"-$.*"/0"1%) #%/%@0 1 1* #* ;$1< 93+)$=


28/104

?/''2=)1+ @)('21)

O"%)>212 02:/%10 1


29/104

?/''2=)1+ @)('21)

B


30/104

?/''2=)1+ @)('21) A !.""#21*B"1()C21)(+, D'"/1#:)(+'

S*320


31/104

?/''2=)1+ @)('21)A E1F2'"1C+1().G+*/.)0"1, 3"( E1H"'=+#

O" ,4O 20"$*. 9*)$=> %"%)>21F 0"-$.*"/0"1%).0@3)%:*"2 $" 9)%=0 1* 9.0-0"1 1902 *G#$2=


32/104

4.*10=1 fO$. G.*/ 4*))3:*"


33/104

`%.+*" `.0#$1


34/104

`)$/%10 `


35/104

g%10. 4*))3:*"


36/104

g%10. 4*))3:*"


37/104

g%10. 4*))3:*"


38/104

I)(+' %=)'=2(J

h> 6E6CF 7AD +$))$*" 90*9)0 ;$)) +0 )$-$"@ $"=*3"1.$02 ;$1< ;%10. 2=%.=$1>F %"# 1;*L1


39/104

I)(+' %=)'=2(J ! Over 1 billion people worldwide do not have access

to clean water.

! More than 2 billion people do not have proper

sanitation.

! By 2025 there will be 1.8 billion people living withabsolute water scarcity and 2/3 of the worldspopulation could be living under water stressed

conditions

! On a global basis, the amount of fresh wateravailable per person is falling rapidly.


40/104

S*; Z3=< g%10.#* ;0 *" ,%.1 )-33(&31.&

A1%*+,1 -4 '%&1, 3%.%5131.& 6,%)&(*1* : M-/,18 0 K,)$(/ W$13()%2*0 f(L%5 U&1120 C#W ?


52/104

EBK


53/104

Green Building Movement


54/104

K

Why Rain Water Be Harvested ?

N" ="1,+'F+ R )/*C+1( (&+ ,("')*+ "H*'"/1# :)(+'

N" '+#/=+ :)(+' ()6.+ #+4.+0"1 N" 2C4'"F+ (&+ S/).2(J "H *'"/1# :)(+' N" )''+,( ,+) :)(+' 21('/,2"1 21 ="),().

)'+), N" )F"2# T""# R :)(+' ,()*1)0"1 21

/'6)1 )'+),


55/104

N*$20 4*))3:*"

ll


56/104

Noise pollution?./, ) .), #/5.(72 E&&' %)77&3 ), (.& ) +1 '+/,&8 E&%)",& .&):2

/'3",(#/)7/K)(/+' ;& )#& &0-+,&3 (+ ) ./5. 7&:&7 +1 '+/,& )77 )#+"'3 ",8L+/,& .), E&%+*& ) : /*-+#()'( ,(#&,, 1)%(+# /' *+3' 7/1&8 9( 7&)3,*)'2 .&)7(. .)K)#3, 8C+*& +1 (.& ,+"#%&, +1 '+/,& -+77"(/+' )#& )/#%#)1(M)"(+*+E/7&,M 1)%(+#/&,M 7+"3,-&)J,6 -+-6 N+%JA'AN+77 *",/% /' %7"E,

. Noise produces following health problems-1)Auditory fatigue2)Deafness or impaired vision3)Rise in blood pressure, pulse

rate4)Headache5)Nausea6)Disturbed sleep7)Emotional disturbances


57/104

Space vehicle launch

Loudspeaker

Jet take off

Very High above than100db

Loud Conversation

Heavy Traffic

High Approximate 80db

Quit Conversation

Ticking Clock

Pleasant below than80dB

Quit RainingSports car


58/104


59/104


60/104

()*+%) g%./$"@

Higher sea levels Higher temperatures

Variable climatic conditions These changes are expected to

cause a significant impact onagriculture and ecosystems


61/104

D."6). B.2C)(+ < B&)1*+

T010./$"$"@


62/104

D."6). I)'C21* < B.2C)(+

()*+%) ;%./$"@ %[0=12 1


63/104


64/104

D."6). U2CC21*

O$. 9*))31%"12 G.*/ G*22$) G30) 320 /%P0 =)*3#2.0d0=1 /*.0 *G 1


65/104


66/104

(.00" S*320 ,[0=1

Human activities are increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in

the atmosphere, which cause more heat to be trapped


67/104

(.00" S*320 ,[0=1


68/104

Ultraviolet rays


69/104

Ultraviolet raysfrom Sun

The Ozone layer instratosphereblocks theseharmful UV rays

Chlorofluorocarbonsare entering in toatmosphere releasingchlorine. The chlorinethan break down theozone

The chlorine released from CFCs breakdown the ozone molecule.

chlorine

ozone

More ultraviolet radiations are reaching in to earthssurface as there is a whole in ozone layer.

Oxygen

Whole in

Ozone layer


70/104

Xc*"0 l%>0. T09)0:*"

B %313/" T09)010# *c*"0 )0-0)2 =%320 1


71/104

O

Methane

CarbonDioxideNitrous oxide

Ozone

EarthEarth

CarbonDioxide

50%

Methane 18%Chlorofluorocarbons

14%

Ozone 12%Nitrous oxide 06%

Green house gases in naturalcondition insulates the earth against

extreme of temperature by limitingboth incoming solar radiation &escape of reradiated heat in tospace.

This natural balance may bedistorted by Green House

Effect as gases such ascarbon dioxide have built upin the atmosphere trappingmore heat

sun

Infra-redradiation

Atmosphere

SurfaceTemperaturenormal

Some reradiatedheat reflectedback to earth

Atmosphere

sun

SurfaceTemperatureincreases

More reradiatedheat reflectedback to earth

Less reradiatedheat escapes into space

Some reradiatedheat escapes into space

sun

Contribution of different gasesto cause green house effect

Environmental challenges


72/104

Environmental challenges M,11. $-+*1 1N1)&T C.),1%*(.5 52-7%2 &1361,%&+,1@ U)(1.&(*&*

6,1/()&(.5 &$%& 1%,&$Q* &1361,%&+,1 '(22 (.),1%*1 7< XBYc

W 7< *+26$+,@C& (.),1%*1* %)(/(&< -4 *-(2 >1N1)&* &$15,-'&$ -4 &,11* > 62%.&*@ #$1 3%81*&() 3-.+31.& #%8 A%$%2 (. C./(% (*%2*- %N1)&(.5 7< &$(*@


73/104

S6X g%10.NX6

N$1.*@0"#$*U$#0

S>#.*=%.+*"2

X6Z*)0=3)%.XU>@0"

HNO3Nitric Acid PANsPeroxyacylnitrates

Aldyhydes(e.g. Formaldehyde)

O3Ozone

OAtomic Oxygen

NX N$1.$=XU$#0

UltravioletRadiation

Photochemical Smog


74/104

Acid Rain

SO2 &NOX

+water

SEASeaLakeFactories,Transportation

Solar Radiation

H2SO4 (Sulphuric Acid)

HNO3 (Nitric Acid)


75/104

O=$# k%$"


76/104


77/104


78/104


79/104


80/104

U:21#.21* !"'+,(,

B 9)%""$"@ 20.-$=02 1* =*"1.*)9*93)%:*" @.*;1


81/104


82/104


83/104

U+='+),21* 52"#2F+',2(J

4*93)%:*" #0"2$1> $2 =*""0=10# 1* 1 $" /%"> .0@$*"2A

T%1% G.*/ 1


84/104

`*.%) k00G2

X"0 1>90 *G 0=*2>210/ 1o1 G%=0 1


85/104


86/104

!))0@%) _$))$"@ *G O"$/%)2


87/104

g%210 Z%"%@0/0"1

,p=$0"1 ;%210 /%"%@0/0"1 =*/9.$202 e3$=P $#0":Y=%:*" *G 1


88/104

)


89/104

4)%2:= g%210

Actual Plant of 300 Kg Capacity

)%2 %2 0


90/104

4)%2:= g%210

(% %@0


91/104

(%.+%@0

U '0W )0"1


92/104

U+,+'0W=)0"1

T020.:Y=%:*" $2 =%320# +>f X-0.@.%c$"@ X-0.9)*3@


93/104

)O 1.00 10%.2 @0"0.%102f

q k2A CAM )%P@0"

q j%=$)$1%102 k2A QAK )%P


94/104

m%)30 *G % B.00

q k0=>=)02 k2A QAK )%P

q h02$#02 9.*-$#0 d*;0.F G.3$12 %"# :/+0.

q g


95/104

g%2102

%".2# I),(+ Q2S/2# I),(+ D),+"/, EC2,,2"1,

G+C+C6+' (&+ (&'++ GX,YYYYYG+#/=+Z G+/,+Z G+=J=.+

B*U$= =*"2:130"12 $" 0L;%210


96/104

JQ

"#$%#&'&() "#&)(*(+'&()! %,-./01 2-,23-/ 456,17 8061 9 261:-3:! "6/;510 ,6< /3407 =">(7? 8061 5@-10 9 "61:-3:! )A-/2;07 9 BC6/ 72,00. :5.-/5,7 $0,23,


97/104

) @

>*1* 4 *1* *)


98/104

_>*1* 4.*1*=*)

_>*1* 4.*1*=*)L $2 1 @.*392 %)1


99/104

_>*1* 4.*1*=*)

j)0U$+$)$1> /0=2 1* %=


100/104

BK-[\]U/'6)1 B.2C)(+ B"1H+'+1=+

BK-[^]U"&) B.2C)(+ B"1H+'+1=+BK-[_]B)1=`1 B.2C)(+ B"1H+'+1=+

_>*1*F r%9%"F 1*1* =*"G0.0"=0 *" =)$/%10 =


101/104

5*/0 S%./G3) k023)12 *G 4*-0.1>

l0% "$"@ 1* l$ 0 Z* 0 5321%$"%+)>


102/104

l0%."$"@ 1* l$-0 Z*.0 5321%$"%+)>


103/104

Conclusion


104/104

U&-)D$-23 )-.41,1.)1 -4 Sa^V 6,-)2%(3* &$%&T

#$1 6,-&1)&(-. > (36,-=131.& -4 $+3%. 1.=(,-.31.& (* %

3%8-, (**+1 '$()$ %N1)&* &$1 '122 71(.5 -4 61-621 > 1)-.-3()

/1=12-631.& &$,-+5$-+& &$1 '-,2/ > (& (* /+&< -4 %225-=1,.31.&* > 61-621 &- )-33-. 1N-,&* 4-, &$1 6,1*1,=%&(-.

> (36,-=131.& -4 1.=(,-.31.& 4-, &$1 71.1;& -4 %22 61-621 >

&$1(, 6,-*61,(&

2 3 envtl issues- indian & global pst envtl issues

Documents