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1914-1918

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1) Imperialism Ex: Ethiopia Italy v. Great Britain Morocco France v. Germany

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2) Arms Race Ex: Great Britain Royal Navy Two-Power Standard Germany G. B.

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3) Great Power Alliances 1882 Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy 1907 Triple Entente Great Britain, France, Russia

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= Triple Alliance = Triple Entente

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4) Nationalism A. Great Powers = Chauvinism Ex: Franco-Prussian War 1870

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4) Nationalism B. Smaller Nationalities = Terrorism Ex: 1900-1914 40 major political assassinations

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= Triple Alliance = Triple Entente

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Vienna

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Emperor Franz Joseph Habsburg Family Ruler of Austria- Hungary Ruled for nearly 70 years: 1848-1916

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand Nephew of Franz Joseph Heir-to-the-throne of Austria-Hungary

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Vienna Sarajevo Trip to Sarajevo June 28, 1914

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Arrival in Sarajevo

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Gavrilo Princip Member of the Black Hand Serbian Nationalist

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The arrest of Gavrilo Princip

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= Triple Alliance = Triple Entente

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1) Sarajevo 2) Belgrade 3) St. Petersburg 4) Berlin Paris 7) London 6) Schlieffen Plan Germany attacks 5) A-H attacks 8) Russia attacks

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G.B. Fr. Ger. A.H. It. Rus. 2) Western Front 3) Eastern Front 4) Southern Front 1) British Naval Blockade 5) The Dardanelles Campaign G.B. O.E.

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Allied Powers G.B. France Russia Italy Allied Powers G.B. France Russia Italy Central Powers Germany A-H Ottoman Empire Central Powers Germany A-H Ottoman Empire

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1) Aug. 1914 German invasion of Belgium. Importance?

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2) Aug. 1914 British cut trans- Atlantic cables connecting Germany to U.S.. Importance?

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3) May 1915 Sinking of the Lusitania.

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British Naval Blockade German U-Boat Campaign

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Importance?

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4) Feb. 1917 Zimmermann Telegram. Importance?

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5) Feb-Apr 1917 Unrestricted submarine warfare. 7 7 Importance?

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6) Mar. 1917 First Russian Revolution. Czar Nicholas II Alexander Kerensky Importance?

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7) Apr. 1917 Woodrow Wilson delivers his war message to Congress.

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The world must be made safe for democracy

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1) Nov. 1917 Second Russian Revolution

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Vladimir Lenin Leader of the Bolsheviks. Made Russia the worlds first Communist country.

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2) Mar. 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

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3) Spring-Summer 1918 Final German Offensive on the Western Front

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American troops

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British tanks

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4) Fall 1918 Other Central Powers disintegrate

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5) Nov. 11, 1918 Armistice Day

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Spring 1919 Palace at Versailles Winners only! Big Four: G.B. U.S. Italy Fr.

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The Hall of Mirrors at Versailles

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The Signing of Peace, Versailles, 1919

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Woodrow Wilson: Fourteen Points Purpose: Prevent future wars.

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Examples: 1) Self-Determination. 2) League of Nations.

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Punishments for the losers: 1) Bulgaria Lost territory to Greece and Yugoslavia.

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2) Ottoman Empire Reduced to present day Turkey. Lost territory to G.B. and France as mandates.

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3) Austria-Hungary Separated and reduced to present-day Austria & Hungary. Lost territory to: Poland Czechoslovakia Romania Yugoslavia Italy

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4) Russia Why an enemy? 1) Quit too soon. 2) Communist! Lost territory to: Finland Baltic States Poland Romania

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5) Germany -- 1) Lost territory to: Denmark France Poland Lithuania

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2) Lost all overseas colonies. 3) Forced to sign war-guilt clause. 4) Assessed over $30 billion in war reparations.

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5) Military Reductions: Army = 100,000 troops. Navy = 6 Battleships. No Submarines. No Air Force. No tanks.