17.3 The Rise of Militarism

Today’s Objectives

1)Define Fascism and Communism.

2)Compare and Contrast Fascism and Communism

2)Explain why people liked Fascism and Communism

Communism

• Socialism Economic System

Workers own everything!

Communism Government

System

Works towards Socialism

Communism

Dictatorship, one-party rule

Anti-religious.

Government ownership of businesses.

No private property.

“Proletariat” culture pushed, middle-class/upper class culture

condemned.No Political rights, Economic Rights guaranteed.

Opposes Nationalism

Fascism

Extreme Nationalism

Authoritarian, bans opposition parties.

The State > The Individual!

Encourage discipline, indoctrination, and physical fitness.

Religious, so long as religion does not interfere with state goals.

Very Militaristic

Pro-Imperialism.

Fascism

Allowed private enterprise.

If you obeyed the govt.

Supported working/middle class culture

Fascism was a REACTION to Communism.

Gave workers more rights.

Allowed rich to stay in power/alive.

17.3 The Rise of Militarism

Today's Objectives

1)Explain how Joseph Stalin kept power in the Soviet Union.

2)Analyze how Germany and Italy became Fascist.

3)Relate what caused the Spanish

Civil War.

4)Examine where Japan attacked during the 1930s.

Joseph Stalin and the U.S.S.R.

- (1928) Joseph Stalin emerges as leader of U.S.S.R.

-Eliminated rivals by playing them off each other.

- Suggested what policy should be, then blamed others when it failed!

- Collectivization of farmlands.

- Five Year Plans

- Set economic goals with no real plan on how to reach them.

Mussolini in Italy

Italians disappointed with Treaty of Versailles

Wanted more landCost of War in Italy high,

1.2 million dead

Some Italian Nationalists attempt to occupy territory not awarded to Italy after the war.

Mussolini in Italy

-Many soldiers unemployed.

-Communist Party becomes very popular.

- (1921) Benito Mussolini forms the Fascist Party

-(Oct. 1922), Mussolini leads the Fascist Party's Private Army on a march to Rome.

- King grants him dictatorial powers.

Mussolini in Italy

- Mussolini starts calling himself “Il Duce”

- Means Leader

-Uses violence against other political parties

-Bans them in 1928

- Restricted individual/political rights,

- Supported recreational activities.

-“sports clubs”

Fascist Foreign Policy

- 2nd Italo-Ethiopian War (Oct. 1935- May 1936)

- Modern Italian Army defeats Ethiopians.

-Use of poison gas, airplanes, tanks by Italy.

- African-Americans in U.S. Volunteer to fight for Ethiopia, U.S. Govt. forces Ethiopia to reject the offer.

Adolf Hitler in Germany

- 1923 Adolf Hitler leads the “Beer Hall Putsch”.

-Thrown in Jail, serves 1 year.

- Writes his manifesto, “Mein Kampf” while there.

- (1932) the Nazi Party wins 40% of the Reichstag seats.

- Adolf Hitler made Chancellor by the President.

-When President dies, Hitler combines the offices.

Nazism in Germany

- Nazi Party slowly banned other political parties in Germany.

- Nazi Party granted Hitler dictatorial powers.

- Nazi Party used private army to suppress political opponents.

– Brownshirts, later the S.S.

- Hitler began rearming Germany.

-Sent military into the Rhineland in 1933.

-Military buildup = Economic Growth

Nazism, Expansion, and Anti-Semitism

- In 1938, Germany annexes Austria

-”Anchluss”

- Anti-Semitism = Hatred of Jews/Semitic people.

- (1935)Nuremburg Laws.

- Jews could no longer be German citizens..

- Kristallnacht (The Night of Broken Glass)

-Germans destroyed Synagogues and Jewish Businesses.

-Jewish communities forced to pay for any damage.

Spanish Civil War and Fascism

- (July 1936) Spanish Military revolts against the state

- Loyalists vs. Nationalists

- Fascist states supply/aid Nationalists.

- Democracies stay neutral.

- (1939) Nationalists win.

-500,000 killed in war, 450,000 flee.

Militarism in Japan

- Japan is resource poor, military looks for solutions.

- Solution = Invade other places..

- (1931) Invasion of Manchuria

- (1934/35) Japan ignores Washington Naval Conference restrictions

War in China continues,- (1935) Beijing taken.

-(1937) Nanjing taken.

Militarism in Japan and Reaction

- Nanjing Massacre (Rape of Nanking)

- Japanese Army massacres 300,000 civilians/POWs.

- In response, the U.S.

and other countries enact

a trade embargo on Japan.