Rise up after WWI-Nazism, Fascism, CommunismRise up after WWI-Nazism, Fascism, Communism

State holds total authority over the society and State holds total authority over the society and seek to control all aspects of public and private seek to control all aspects of public and private life. life. (political, military, economy, social, cultural)(political, military, economy, social, cultural)

One Party System that denied basic human rights.One Party System that denied basic human rights.

Glorified the state above the individualGlorified the state above the individual

Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)

Strict controls and laws –total conformityStrict controls and laws –total conformity

Military state (secret police, army, military)Military state (secret police, army, military)

Censorship (opposing literature Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)and ideas)

Propaganda (media – radio, Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters)newspapers, posters)

One leader (dictator); charismatic One leader (dictator); charismatic

Terror and Fear (Mass arrests)Terror and Fear (Mass arrests)

What was Hitler’s Early Life What was Hitler’s Early Life LikeLike Born to Alois and Klara Born to Alois and Klara

Hitler in Austria.Hitler in Austria. Mother dies - Hitler Mother dies - Hitler

blames her Jewish doctor blames her Jewish doctor for her death.for her death.

Wanted to be an artist – Wanted to be an artist – not accepted into the not accepted into the Vienna Academy of ArtVienna Academy of Art

Paternal Grandfather - Paternal Grandfather - JewishJewish

Hitler’s PaintingsHitler’s Paintings

Severe economic and Severe economic and social problemssocial problems Caused:Caused:

High High Unemployment: 6 Unemployment: 6 million people out of million people out of work work

StarvationStarvationDesperation….Desperation….

USUS German German Jan 1918 Jan 1918 $1 = $5.21$1 = $5.21 Jan 1922Jan 1922$1 = $191.81$1 = $191.81 Jan 1923Jan 1923$1 = $17, 972$1 = $17, 972 Dec 1923Dec 1923 $1 = $4.2 T$1 = $4.2 T

Hyperinflation - soaring inflationHyperinflation - soaring inflation(increase in prices due to too much money and (increase in prices due to too much money and

too few goods) too few goods)

How did WWI Influence How did WWI Influence Hitler?Hitler?

He served in German Army:He served in German Army: wounded and received two wounded and received two

Iron Crosses for bravery. Iron Crosses for bravery. First success in his lifeFirst success in his life

Blamed Germany’s defeat Blamed Germany’s defeat on Jews, Communists, and on Jews, Communists, and “November Criminals” - “November Criminals” - signers of TOVsigners of TOV

Why did Hitler Join the Why did Hitler Join the German Workers Party?German Workers Party?

Army Sent Hitler to Army Sent Hitler to investigate in 1919.investigate in 1919.

Gave a speech Gave a speech denouncing the TOV, denouncing the TOV, Jews and CommunistsJews and Communists

Asked to Join Asked to Join

Weimar RepublicWeimar Republic – – democracy established democracy established after WWIafter WWI

People were frustrated People were frustrated with economic/political with economic/political situation therefore situation therefore attracted to political attracted to political parties who posed parties who posed solutions for appalling solutions for appalling problems.problems. Faced Political Faced Political

opposition fromopposition from communistcommunist fascists fascists

What is the NAZI Party?What is the NAZI Party? German Workers Party German Workers Party

changed to National Socialist changed to National Socialist German Workers Party - German Workers Party - “NAZI” Party“NAZI” Party

Fascist beliefsFascist beliefs Drafted a platform of 25 Drafted a platform of 25

pointspoints Swastika – ancient symbol Swastika – ancient symbol

meaning good luck meaning good luck

Promises, PromisesPromises, Promises Nationalists - Restore Germany to GreatnessNationalists - Restore Germany to Greatness Wealthy Industrialist – stop communismWealthy Industrialist – stop communism Workers – end unemployment Workers – end unemployment

Blamed Others for Germany’s ProblemsBlamed Others for Germany’s Problems JewsJews November CriminalsNovember Criminals CommunistsCommunists

Weimar RepublicWeimar Republic

Excellent SpeakerExcellent Speaker

What was the Beer Hall What was the Beer Hall Putsch?Putsch?

October 30, October 30, 19231923

Failed NAZI Failed NAZI Party Party Revolution- Revolution- Hitler Hitler imprisonedimprisoned

What is Mein Kampf?What is Mein Kampf?

““Mein Kampf” = Mein Kampf” = “My Struggle” “My Struggle”

Blueprint for Blueprint for Germany’s futureGermany’s future1. 1. RacismRacism - hatred for - hatred for

JewsJews

2. 2. LebensraumLebensraum (living (living space) expansion of space) expansion of Germany’s borderGermany’s border

3. 3. World DominationWorld Domination

““Brownshirts”– Hitler’s Brownshirts”– Hitler’s private army private army used fear tactics used fear tactics

to eliminate oppositionto eliminate opposition Used speeches and Used speeches and

propaganda to gain propaganda to gain supportsupport

Nazi Party gains votes in Nazi Party gains votes in Reichstag (German Reichstag (German Legislature):Legislature): 1930 = 18% of vote1930 = 18% of vote 1932 = 37% of vote1932 = 37% of vote

Hitler appointed Hitler appointed Chancellor (Prime Chancellor (Prime Minister) in 1933 by Minister) in 1933 by Hindenburg Hindenburg

How did Hitler Gain Total How did Hitler Gain Total Power?Power?

““Reichstag fire” - blamed on Reichstag fire” - blamed on communistscommunists

Ended democracy in GermanyEnded democracy in Germany

Ignored the TOVIgnored the TOV Rebuilt Army & Opened Rebuilt Army & Opened

Weapons FactoriesWeapons Factories Stopped reparations Stopped reparations

paymentspayments Economy improvedEconomy improved

New Jobs - military New Jobs - military sectorsector

Decreased Decreased unemploymentunemployment

Eliminated political Eliminated political oppositionopposition

Began planning for Began planning for expansion of the Third expansion of the Third Reich (Third Empire)Reich (Third Empire)

Germany’s Germany’s Political/Economic PositionPolitical/Economic Position

Political- Republic turns into Political- Republic turns into totalitarian gov’t ruled by single totalitarian gov’t ruled by single party-Nazi. Hitler as dictator. party-Nazi. Hitler as dictator.

Economic-Deep depression, debt, Economic-Deep depression, debt, inflation, high unemployment. inflation, high unemployment.

FormativeFormativeWhat did the people What did the people want?want?

What did Hitler What did Hitler Offer?Offer?

1.

-Name and explain three ways Hitler gained control of Germany

-Name 3 problems Germany had after WWI

Rise up after WWI-Nazism, Fascism, CommunismRise up after WWI-Nazism, Fascism, Communism

State holds total authority over the society and State holds total authority over the society and seek to control all aspects of public and private seek to control all aspects of public and private life. life. (political, military, economy, social, cultural)(political, military, economy, social, cultural)

One Party System that denied basic human rights.One Party System that denied basic human rights.

Glorified the state above the individualGlorified the state above the individual

Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)

Strict controls and laws –total conformityStrict controls and laws –total conformity

Military state (secret police, army, military)Military state (secret police, army, military)

Censorship (opposing literature Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)and ideas)

Propaganda (media – radio, Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters)newspapers, posters)

One leader (dictator); charismatic One leader (dictator); charismatic

Terror and Fear (Mass arrests)Terror and Fear (Mass arrests)

460,000 Soldiers killed460,000 Soldiers killed Heavy debtHeavy debt Dissatisfaction with TOV - Britain and Dissatisfaction with TOV - Britain and

France didn’t give Italy the land they France didn’t give Italy the land they promised in the Treaty of Londonpromised in the Treaty of London

Governments were coalitions that Governments were coalitions that couldn’t make decisionscouldn’t make decisions

Value of lira declinedValue of lira declined Price of bread rosePrice of bread rose Shortage of CoalShortage of Coal Rising Rising

unemployment let unemployment let to unrest in citiesto unrest in cities

Peasants seize lands Peasants seize lands

Promises to solve Italy’s Promises to solve Italy’s problemsproblems

Something for everyone:Something for everyone: Nationalists – recreate the Nationalists – recreate the

Roman EmpireRoman Empire Landowners – protect Landowners – protect

private propertyprivate property Workers – full Workers – full

unemploymentunemployment BlackshirtsBlackshirts

Mussolin’s FollowersMussolin’s Followers Used Force to gain powerUsed Force to gain power

March on RomeMarch on Rome19221922

““Either the government Either the government will be given to us or we will be given to us or we shall seize it by shall seize it by marching on Rome”marching on Rome”

20,000 Blackshirts in a 20,000 Blackshirts in a planned Coup d’etat planned Coup d’etat

King Victor Emmanuel King Victor Emmanuel fears Civil War - names fears Civil War - names Mussolini Prime MinisterMussolini Prime Minister

NegativesNegatives Ended democracy & Ended democracy &

Individual freedomsIndividual freedoms Assaulted and murdered Assaulted and murdered

oppositionopposition Positives Positives

Solved unemployment Solved unemployment problemproblem

Restored patriotism and Restored patriotism and nationalism and nationalism and recaptured Italy’s recaptured Italy’s greatnessgreatness

““Made the trains run on Made the trains run on time”time”

Italy’s Economic/Political Italy’s Economic/Political PositionPosition

Political- Single party=Fascist. Political- Single party=Fascist. Totalitarian gov’t, Dictator Mussolini Totalitarian gov’t, Dictator Mussolini in power. in power.

Economic: Deep depression, Economic: Deep depression, inflation, debt, high unemployment. inflation, debt, high unemployment.

No Class systemNo Class system – equality among – equality among citizenscitizens

No Private PropertyNo Private Property – no private – no private ownership of businesses or factoriesownership of businesses or factories

CollectivismCollectivism – working for good of – working for good of societysociety

No governmentNo government – will eventually go – will eventually go awayaway

TotalitarianismTotalitarianism Single Political Party denies basic Single Political Party denies basic

human rightshuman rights Small upper classSmall upper class – government – government

leadersleaders No Private PropertyNo Private Property – no private – no private

ownership of business, factoriesownership of business, factories Equality among Citizens – Equality among Citizens – except except

govt. leadersgovt. leaders Intense PropagandaIntense Propaganda – use of lies or – use of lies or

falsehoods to promote the government’s falsehoods to promote the government’s philosophyphilosophy

Destruction of the OppositionDestruction of the Opposition – – jailing or killing political opponentsjailing or killing political opponents

Nationalization – all Nationalization – all major industries major industries under state controlunder state control

NEP: Some private NEP: Some private businesses businesses ownership allowed ownership allowed to operateto operate

Name changed - Name changed - U.S.S.R.U.S.S.R.

Social Classes - Social Classes - Communist party Communist party bosses at topbosses at top

Dies in 1924Dies in 1924

Leader of the Red Leader of the Red ArmyArmy

22ndnd most important most important person in Communist person in Communist PartyParty

Lost power struggle Lost power struggle with Stalin to control with Stalin to control the Partythe Party

Exiled and eventually Exiled and eventually assassinated in assassinated in Mexico City with an Mexico City with an ice pickice pick

General Secretary General Secretary of Communist of Communist Party with power Party with power to remove/appt. to remove/appt. officialsofficials

Removed Removed supporters of supporters of TrotskyTrotsky

Communist Party Communist Party voted him as voted him as leaderleader

Set Russia’s economic goals for 5 years-5 Set Russia’s economic goals for 5 years-5 Year PlansYear Plans

Focus on industrializing heavy industry and Focus on industrializing heavy industry and increasing agricultural outputincreasing agricultural output

Heavy Industry = steel production, large-Heavy Industry = steel production, large-scale manufacturingscale manufacturing

Few consumer goods producedFew consumer goods produced Agriculture = collectivized farms-Peasants Agriculture = collectivized farms-Peasants

work land owned by the Government and work land owned by the Government and produce food for Soviet Peopleproduce food for Soviet People

Differed from NEP=No Differed from NEP=No private ownershipprivate ownership

Soviet Union became an Soviet Union became an industrial powerindustrial power

Workers received low Workers received low wages or none at allwages or none at all

Food was in limited Food was in limited supplysupply

Collective farms unable Collective farms unable to produce enough foodto produce enough food

Millions diedMillions died

What was the“terror What was the“terror famine”?famine”?

Stalin used Stalin used starvation to starvation to destroy the destroy the opposition opposition Kulaks Kulaks anti-anti-

Communist in Communist in the Ukraine the Ukraine

What were the Purges?What were the Purges?

Stalin’s Stalin’s elimination of his elimination of his political rivals political rivals during the 1930’sduring the 1930’s

Millions expelled, Millions expelled, arrested, put in arrested, put in labor camps or labor camps or shotshot

One of most brutal One of most brutal dictator’s in the dictator’s in the worldworld

Ruled through Ruled through terrorterror

Secret Police Secret Police created climate of created climate of fearfear

Purges-elimination Purges-elimination of political rivals; of political rivals; arrested, shot, arrested, shot, labor camps.labor camps.

USSR Political/Economic USSR Political/Economic PositionPosition

Political- Totalitarian gov’t, single Political- Totalitarian gov’t, single party, Stalin as dictator. party, Stalin as dictator.

Economic-Deep depression, high Economic-Deep depression, high unemployment, starvation, unemployment, starvation, Communism. Communism.

Bellwork/Exit SlipBellwork/Exit Slip

Describe events in Germany, Italy Describe events in Germany, Italy and USSR that show a totalitarian and USSR that show a totalitarian regime. regime.

Germany, Italy, USSR’s Germany, Italy, USSR’s ProblemsProblems

GermanyGermany- Hitler as dictator, Hitler’s enabling - Hitler as dictator, Hitler’s enabling Act, Hitler/Nazi Party holds all power, Terror and Act, Hitler/Nazi Party holds all power, Terror and fear from SS/brownshirts, Political opponents fear from SS/brownshirts, Political opponents sent to labor camps, bad economic conditions.sent to labor camps, bad economic conditions.

ItalyItaly-Mussolini as dictator, Fascist Party holds all -Mussolini as dictator, Fascist Party holds all power, Terror and fear from blackshirts army, power, Terror and fear from blackshirts army, Political opponents jailed/killed, bad economic Political opponents jailed/killed, bad economic conditions.conditions.

USSRUSSR- Stalin as dictator, purges, Terror and - Stalin as dictator, purges, Terror and fear/Secret Police, famine in the Ukraine, fear/Secret Police, famine in the Ukraine, Political opponents sent to gulags, bad Political opponents sent to gulags, bad economic conditions. economic conditions.

Weak Constitutional Weak Constitutional Monarchy Monarchy

Conflicts with west over Conflicts with west over immigration policies and immigration policies and TOV/LON TOV/LON

Population ExplosionPopulation Explosion 35M to 60 M35M to 60 M Need land for farming and living Need land for farming and living

spacespace Industrial Revolution = need Industrial Revolution = need

for more raw materialsfor more raw materials Economic Problems due to Economic Problems due to

Great DepressionGreat Depression

During the 1930s, During the 1930s, militarism began to militarism began to influence all influence all aspects of aspects of Japanese life.Japanese life.

Opposed the Opposed the spread of western spread of western ideals and favored ideals and favored traditional traditional Japanese values.Japanese values.

First of non-First of non-democratic powers democratic powers to reveal its to reveal its territorial ambitions territorial ambitions in the interwar in the interwar period.period.

Depended heavily Depended heavily on foreign sources on foreign sources for raw materials.for raw materials.

Sought new Sought new territories to territories to conquest.conquest.

Japanese military Japanese military used bomb used bomb explosion on explosion on railway in 1931 to railway in 1931 to overrun Manchuria.overrun Manchuria.

LON ordered LON ordered Japanese gov’t to Japanese gov’t to return Manchuria return Manchuria to China.to China.

Japan dropped out Japan dropped out of LON.of LON.

LON=PowerlessLON=Powerless

Wanted to acquire Wanted to acquire rich oil reserves of rich oil reserves of the East Indies to the East Indies to supply its ships supply its ships and airplanes.and airplanes.

Japan needed Japan needed Chinese land/ports Chinese land/ports to do this and to do this and therefore invaded therefore invaded China in 1937 and China in 1937 and captured many of its captured many of its major eastern and major eastern and southern cities.southern cities.

Economically Economically backwards with backwards with little industry little industry

Suffering from Suffering from devastating Civil devastating Civil War dividing War dividing countrycountry

Weakened by Weakened by years of European years of European exploitationexploitation

By 1930 has seized much of China.By 1930 has seized much of China. Shifts their attention to European Shifts their attention to European

colonies in East/Southeast Asia.colonies in East/Southeast Asia. Taking advantage of Hitler’s Taking advantage of Hitler’s

offensive in Europe, Japan is able to offensive in Europe, Japan is able to acquire many of these territories: acquire many of these territories: French Indochina, Dutch East Indies, French Indochina, Dutch East Indies, GB’s SingaporeGB’s Singapore

www.youtube.com/watch?v=it3nIEcpClw

Japan ChartJapan Chart

PoliticalPolitical: Weak Constitutional : Weak Constitutional Monarchy becomes Militaristic gov’t Monarchy becomes Militaristic gov’t wishing to expel western influences wishing to expel western influences and revert back to Japanese and revert back to Japanese Tradition. Tradition.

EconomyEconomy: Depression, relied heavily : Depression, relied heavily on natural resources from other on natural resources from other countries. countries.

Japan Exit SlipJapan Exit Slip

Why would Japan want to imperialize Why would Japan want to imperialize its neighbors?its neighbors?

Reasons for ImperialismReasons for Imperialism

Needed natural resourcesNeeded natural resources Wanted land to build airfieldsWanted land to build airfields Land to station troops in northern Land to station troops in northern

Indochina (Manchuria)Indochina (Manchuria) Needed space for their exploding Needed space for their exploding

population. population.

BellworkBellwork

What was Japan’s main reasons for What was Japan’s main reasons for imperializing its neighboring imperializing its neighboring countries? countries?

Needed natural resourcesNeeded natural resources Wanted land to build airfieldsWanted land to build airfields Land to station troops in northern Land to station troops in northern

Indochina (Manchuria)Indochina (Manchuria) Needed space for their exploding Needed space for their exploding

population. population.

In 1919, after WWI, In 1919, after WWI, Britain, FranceBritain, France, and the , and the USA – the three democracies - USA – the three democracies - appeared appeared powerfulpowerful

The US emerged from WWI in better shape The US emerged from WWI in better shape than its allies.than its allies.

Europe faced grave problems for GB & FranceEurope faced grave problems for GB & France The most pressing issues were 1) finding jobs The most pressing issues were 1) finding jobs

for veterans and 2) rebuilding war-ravaged for veterans and 2) rebuilding war-ravaged landslands

Many potential future leaders were killed in Many potential future leaders were killed in the warthe war

Unlike Europe, the Unlike Europe, the US emerged from US emerged from WWI with a dynamic WWI with a dynamic industrial economy.industrial economy.

It was now a nation It was now a nation lending, instead of lending, instead of borrowing, money,borrowing, money,

American industries American industries produced a major produced a major share of the world’s share of the world’s manufactured manufactured goods.goods.

A policy of A policy of remaining apart remaining apart from the affairs from the affairs or interests of or interests of other groups, other groups, esp. the political esp. the political affairs of the affairs of the other countries. other countries.

Policy each Policy each democracy took.democracy took.

Faced severe economic Faced severe economic problems of high problems of high unemployment and unemployment and soaring inflation.soaring inflation.

The gov’t was nearly The gov’t was nearly bankrupt and its war bankrupt and its war debts were staggering.debts were staggering.

As a result from these As a result from these financial problems, financial problems, France was unable to France was unable to rebuild many of its rebuild many of its towns/cities that were towns/cities that were destroyed during the destroyed during the war. war.

Suffered a high loss of life Suffered a high loss of life in war. in war.

Britain was deeply in Britain was deeply in debt after the war.debt after the war.

Unemployment Unemployment reached its highest reached its highest point (11.3%) since point (11.3%) since records had begun. records had begun.

Staple wartime Staple wartime industries - such as industries - such as coal, ship-building coal, ship-building and steel - and steel - decreased. decreased.

Working women were Working women were forced to cede their forced to cede their jobs to returning jobs to returning soldiers.soldiers.

Political/EconomicPolitical/Economic

USUS: : PoliticalPolitical-Democracy-Democracy; Economic; Economic-Strong, -Strong, lending money, booming industry.lending money, booming industry.

FranceFrance: : PoliticalPolitical-Democracy-Democracy; Economic; Economic--weak/poor, devastation, depression. High weak/poor, devastation, depression. High unemployment, gov’t almost bankrupt.unemployment, gov’t almost bankrupt.

BritainBritain: : PoliticalPolitical-Democracy; -Democracy; EconomicEconomic--depression, deep debt after war, depression, deep debt after war, unemployment. unemployment.

Exit SlipExit Slip

Describe ways that the US, France Describe ways that the US, France and GB became isolationists after and GB became isolationists after WWI.WWI.

US Did not want to get involved with US Did not want to get involved with other countries problems and didn’t want other countries problems and didn’t want their economy to be dragged down.their economy to be dragged down.

All feared being dragged into another All feared being dragged into another war.war.

Economically France and GB needed to Economically France and GB needed to focus on fixing their hurt economies, focus on fixing their hurt economies, supplying jobs, and rebuilding their cities supplying jobs, and rebuilding their cities for war destruction. for war destruction.