172_carlos labriola - test bench full paper.pdf

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Energy Procedia 00 (2013) 000–000

EnergyProcedia

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

2013 Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies

Test bench and procedures for marine current and wave

energy models

Carlos Labriolaab*

, Horacio Leonb, Abdelbassat Abdelbaki

b, Daniel Lorenzetti

b,

Claudio Fernándezb, Hugo Chacón

b

a National University of Comahue, Engineering Faculty, Buenos Aires 1400 (8300), Neuquen, Argentinab National University of Austral Patagonia, Caleta olivia Academic Unit, Ruta 3 s/n, Santa Cruz, Argentina

Abstract

In the Academic Unit of Caleta Olivia, National University of Southern Patagonia, is being installed a test bench for

wave energy and ocean currents. The design and installation of equipment was made from two existing concrete

pools 9mx10m. These pools have been modified accordingly to install models that will be tested.

In the case of the marine currents model testing the pond has a double effect circulation pump Kayac, up 40HP to

produce flow velocities of up to 2.5 m / s. The test zone is up to 1 m diameter and it has a variable speed system by

means of zooming the model of the water flow. The pump output will have a honeycomb system for uniform fluid

flow.

For wave energy models, it is proposed to add 10m in length of the original pond, with decreasing depth. Thus the

existing portion is for generating waves and the elongated part is to dissipate the wave distortion preventing rebound

at the end. The maximum wave amplitude is 1.5 m, similar to those of the Atlantic coasts and Patagonian natural and

artificial lakes. The wave generator will also have an inverter to vary the period of the waves.

The models tested are: a tilting tube one meter in length for wave energy and wind turbine submerged of 0.60 m in

diameter for energy currents. These models are scaled to develop prototypes of the order of several kW to be tested in

situ.

The test procedures have been developed taking into account the rules of safety and environment valid in Argentina

(ISO 9000 and 14000 Series), as well as accessory buildings to the test bench.

© 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of [name organizer]

Keywords: Ocean; marine currents; wave; test: procedure; models.

* Carlos Labriola Tel.: +54 299 4481262 E-mail address: carloslabriola54 @yahoo.com.ar



Author name / Energy Procedia 00 (2013) 000–000

1. Introduction

Since 2010, at the Academic Unit Caleta Olivia (UACO) National University of Patagonia Austral(UNPA), Santa Cruz, there is a research group working on the development of two test benches for oceanenergy applications [1]:

• Test Bench for Energy Conversion Devices of ocean currents: Consists of a channel in which waterflow is driven by a double acting pump to simulate ocean currents with a speed range from 0.5 to 3m / scoincident with those in the southern Atlantic Coast. This channel allows hydrodynamic analysis of submerged turbine models, including hydrokinetic ones for conversion marine currents energy intoelectrical energy.

• Test Bank for Wave Energy Conversion Devices: Consists of a wave generator with variable speedwhich permits to change frequency in a wide range of southerly waves. This system will enable theanalysis of floating models or semi-submerged ones to convert wave energy into electric energy.

For both test benches, there is a rectangular pond made with concrete, which have two compartmentsOne of them will be the bank for study sea currents converter models, which will be added to a circulationpump. On the second one, the structure will be modified on length (20m long) to be used for testing waveenergy converter models. In Figures 1 and 2, there are cuts that structure.

Fig. 1. Cut along existing installation

Fig. 2. Cross section of existing installation



Author name / Energy Procedia 00 (2013) 000–000 3

The upper figures are related with the following pictures of the existing pond on Figure 3:

Fig. 3. Present view of the pond for marine current bench tests.

Additional facilities at the existing pond are: lengthening to a wave bench test in 10m more, the roof of the bank, the maintenance shop and offices for research and development on Ocean Energy. Thesefacilities are part of the tasks of the following projects:

• PI Research Project of the B29-125-UNPA UACO [2]: Oceanic resource study in the SouthernAtlantic coast, together with the development of models and prototypes of ocean energyconverters in electrical one[2].

• Research Projects Program of Oriented Scientific and Technological Applications (PICTO 2010)[3], where researchers of UNPA UACO are working together with FIUNLP and FIUNCO ones.The objective of this project is to develop a wind map of southern Patagonia and also to testmodels of horizontal axis and vertical axis Darrieus Troposkien wind turbines with aerodynamicbraking. Information obtained on the winds can be correlated with the main significantparameters of the waves. Wind measuring at different heights allows obtaining the wind profilein the area and it will be installed near the test bench. Also there are two towers to support thewind turbine models.

In test bench. it will attempt to replicate the marine parameters of the study area, which is PuertoDeseado, Santa Cruz, Argentina, as shown in Figure 3.

Fig. 3. Map of the study area [4]




The relevant parameters of Puerto Deseado are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Physical characteristics of the area to be modeled

Characteristics Value

Width of the test zone 30 m

Depth 14 m

Speed range 1,5 a 2 m/sEstimated flows 630 a 840 m3 /s

.2. Re-engineering

The following paragraph summarizes the work to be done in the ponds and electromechanicalinstallations necessary for the final performing. Parts of the equipment have been donated; others have tobe built which is the case of the wave generator.

2.1 Test bench of marine currents

The design and selection of the components of this marine current test bench has been made in order tomodel the dynamic parameters of the currents in the Ria de Puerto Deseado [1]. The pump will belocated at one end of the test bench, one meter (1m) below the level of the free surface, which allows thepriming of it. KAYAK is a pump type as is shown in Figure 4, where the details of its internal parts. Thepipe parts are recycled elements obtained from the former water treatment plant of YPF. In order for thepump to work at its optimum work point with a stable flow, it is proposed to locate the test pattern on arail which will permit to vary its position relative to the nozzle, thereby it will be obtained the speedsrequired for the assay model. The driver of the pump will be an internal combustion engine at rated speedof of the pump. The problem to connect directly with the electrical utility company line is that the poweravailable contracted at the university campus is not enough for starting current of an electric motor.Measurement accessories for this bank are:

Pressure gauge for pump output KAYAK.Fire pump-motor alignment.Vibration detector.Tachometer assemblyMeter fluid velocity at two points.Meter solicitations in the model.Tachometer for Model.

Meters V, I and P model output.Brackets, Fittings and accessories for previous devices.

A cross section of the Kayak pump is shown on Figure 4.

Fig. 4. Cross Section of the pump




The marine current test bench, has the following characteristics [5] according to Table 2:

Table 2. Characteristics of the teste bench cannel for marine currents.


Fluid flow Width 0,40 m

Height 0,40 m

Speed obtained using dynamic similarity 0,25 a 0,34 m/sFlow obtained using dynamic similarity 0,03 a 0,04 m3/s

For upper characteristics we have obtained the following results on Tables 3,[6], [7], based on the

laws of dynamic similarity.

Table 3. Relationship with model and prototype according to dynamic similarity


Scale Lp/Lm using dynamic similarity 22 a 25

Diameter 8,9 a 10m

Speed 1,5 a 2 m/sPrototype

Flow 132,7 a 265m3/s

Diameter 0,40m

Speed 0,32 a 0,40 m/sModelFlow 0,04 a 0,05 m3/s

2.2 Test bench for wave energy

This test bench needs to be conditioned as well as special electromechanical equipment for thegeneration of waves. It needs 10 meters of elongation with depth reduction gradually to dissipate theenergy weaves. The gradual change of the the slope of the channel permits to reduce the effect of reflection of the wave at the bottom of the channel. In addition, materials of channel bed will haveappropriate roughness aspect, similar to that of the Ria, which allow for a distribution o similar velocityprofile.

The observation box will permit to see the different model behavior. In our case, the model is apermanent magnet linear generator sliding along an axis with an outer stator windings contained in afloating tube disposed perpendicular to the wave front.

For the wave generator, we analyzed different electromechanical design options:

1-Oval leaf with rod-crank system: small demonstrative test benches use it sometimes with manualdriver. For larger banks, the system takes significant sizes with outstanding energy cost forproducing the oscillating motion.2-Hinged vertical curtain rod-crank system on end: used in very large test benches for long wavefronts; this does not fitch with our need [8].3-Wall-adjusted swing pivot shaft driven rod-crank system: Applied in mid-sized channels, it isnot expensive and are simple manufacturing.

Due to the ease of installation and maintenance in confined space, has chosen the latter option. Figure5 shows the oscillating mechanism to produce waves.

Fig. 5. Oscillating mechanism to produce waves. It is similar to some tool machine.




This design allows for wave amplitudes on the order of 1 meter high on a frequency range of 0.02 to0.2 Hz. These magnitudes allow to model the parameters of wave energy resource near the coast of theprovince of Santa Cruz.

The characteristic non dimensional number chosen to dinamyc similarity is Strouhal number [1].

By watching the waves on the coast of Puerto Deseado compared with related literature, we have the

following data and Strouhal values in Table 4:

Table 4. Characteristics of Ocean an d test bench.

Characteristic Value Strouhal Number

Amplitude (average) 2m

Frecuency 0,017HzOcean on Puerto

Deseado Speed 0,17 m/s

0,2

Amplitude 1m

Frecuency 0,033 HzWave test bench

Speed 0,17m/s

0,194

In the case of the prototype and model, Table 5 shows the data and Strouhal values:

Table 5. Characteristics of Prototype and Model.

Characteristic Value Strouhal NumberLongitude 2m

Frecuency 0,017HzPrototype

Speed 0,17 m/s

0,2

Longitude 1m

Frecuency 0,033 HzModel

Speed 0,17m/s

0,194

3. Performing the installations

The tasks designed to perform the available pond in two channels to study energy ocean converters are:1. Inclusion the cost of ocean test bench in the budget of the UACO building expansion including the

equipment purchasing.2. Performing the available pond to obtain two channels according to planes.3.Manufacture of parts and accessories for the generation of ocean currents and waves4.Electromechanical equipment integration with other parts and accessories.5.Electromechanical equipment installation and adjustments of sets: Circulation pump, pipe flow, wavegenerator, etc..6. Test of the test bench according to the design:

a. Checking the current speed range required.b. Checking the wave generation in the amplitude and frequency required.c. Study of the accessibility and availability of the measuring points.

These tasks are developed since 2012, and it is estimated to conclude them at the end of 2013.




4. Conclusions

It is developing the first test bench of Ocean Energy of Argentina, particularly sea currents and wave inUNPA-UACO with advice of Researcher of FIUNCo. This is being done with a great effort of theeducational community of UACO. Also it is a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary project which isintegrated of the objectives on Renwable Energy and Environment of the academic leadership of UACO.It has made the civil re-engineering and enginnering including the electromechanical available parts. Thecivil works on ponds of remodeling is according to Figures 6 and 7. It is estimated that at the end of 2013the test bench will be in operation as required by the Renewable Energy Laboratory of UACO-UNPA.

Fig. 6. Plan view and cross section of the Test Bench Project.

Fig. 7: Cross section along the future installation

2. References

[1] Labriola, Carlos V.M.;(2011). “Energía Oceánica, una alternativa energética para la PatagoniaAtlántica Austral” (Ocean Energy, an energetical alternative for Atlantic Austral Patagonia). CongresoLatinoamericano de Generación y Transporte de Energía Eléctrica CLAGTEE. Mar del Plata, Buenos

Aires province. November 2011.




[2] PI B29/125, 2010: Research Project. “Análisis de sistema de conversores fluido-dinámicos deenergía renovable para la Patagonia Austral de Argentina”, (Flow-dynamics system analysis of renewableenergy converters for Autral Patagonia of Argentina), National Patagonian Austral National, Santa Cruz,Argentina.

[3] PICTO-2010: National Research Project of Wind Energy Development of horizontal and verticalaxis wind turbines for Patagonia, Argentina. Director: Dr. Jorge Lässig – Co-Director: MSc. CarlosLabriola. Wind turbine tests: Aeronautical Laboratory, National University of La Plata.

[4] Marine Chart of Puerto deseado, National Institute of Marine Hydrography, Argentina, 2008.

[5] Labriola, Carlos, et.al. “Escalado de modelo de conversores de energia oceánica” – III CongresoArgentino de Ingeniería Mecánica CAIM2012.

[6] Shaw, Ronald; (1982). Wave Energy, a design challenge. Reino Unido. 1ra. Edición. EllisHorwood Ltd. John Wiley & Sons, Open University.

[7] Labriola, Carlos V.M. ;(1997). “La energía Eólica aplicada a Microemprendimientos: Escaladode turbina Darrieus-Troposkien”. XII Congreso de Ingeniería Eléctrica de Chile. Temuco, Chile.

[8] Test bench for oil platforms and ships behavior on the sea, Brazil, 2008.

172_carlos labriola - test bench full paper.pdf

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