17.07.2015 universitÄt rostock | fakultÄt agrar- und umweltwissenschaften biodiversity and...
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26.04.23 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN
Biodiversity and Environmental protection in highway planning and design
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alemayehu Gebissa
• Rostock University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Germany
• Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany• Phone: 0049-381-4983703, Fax: 0049- 381-4983702• E-Mail: [email protected]
Contents of the presentation Protection of the so calld protection goods, § 2 para 1 sentence 2 of the
EIA Act Wildlife protection Amphibian protection Noise protection
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1. Protection of the so calld protection goods• well into the landscape• a conflicts between the desire of humans for mobility and
the interests of the environment. • the landscape-fair road planning must remain the goal of
engineer. • there is a need of participation ecology and landscape
planning.• The legal basis for the consideration the European Union to
27.06.1985 and taken over by Germany 12.02.1990. • to be comprehensively determined, to be described,
evaluated for the decisions over the validity of the project. • an environmental compatibility test (UVP) is to be
accomplished.
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Fig. 1: Environmental compatibility test, W. Pietzsch, etl. 2000
1. Protection of the so calld protection goods• the indirect and direct effects of the project on the protection
goods described and evaluated: • Humans, animals and plants - soil, water, air, climate, landscape
- culture and other special goods • in an appropriate way. • The load effects (disadvantages) and the discharge effects of the
project• Discharge effects are avoidance -, decrease -, balance and
spare measures • Environmental compatibility studies includes (fig.2):• sensitivity investigation• Comparison of possible planning alternatives• Comparison of the route variant• white surface mapping (fig. 3)
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1. Protection of the so calld protection goods
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Fig. 2: white surface mapping , W. Pietzsch, etl. 2000
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Fig.3: Comparison of the route variant, W. Pietzsch, etl. 2000
2. Wildlife protection Roads-related effect on the habitats of animals are: Insurmountable barriers for animals Prevent the crossing Loss of animals Traffic accident, Loss of property and life Fragmentation of the landscape and wildlife Expulsion of animals Protection measures are: Creation of a bypass, fencing, underpasses ,wild or green bridges
which enable wildlife the crossing of highway Guide facilities which lead animals at a particular location and facilitate
the crossing
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http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnbr%C3%BCcke#mediaviewer/File:Gruenbruecke_A14_Schwerin.jpg
26.04.23 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 9
Fig. 4: Wildbrücke über die A 14 bei Schwerin
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnbr%C3%BCcke#mediaviewer/File:Cerviduct.jpg26.04.23 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 10
Fig. 5: Eine Grünbrücke über die A50 bei Woeste Hoeve in den Niederlanden
26.04.23 11© 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
Fig. 6: Wild protection
Wildwarner Wild protection fences Driving behavior
Quelle: www.pz-news.de Quelle: www.naehr.at
+ Costs, year round- Protective effect unclear
+ Costs, year round- durability
Quelle: www.autonachrichten.de
+ protective effect- often ignored
3. Amphibian protection
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Fig. 7: Signs of amphibian migration, MAmS, 2000
3. Amphibian protection Amphibians fulfill important functions in the ecosystem. Almost all species are equally dependent on land and water
habitats. For the reproduction and development of aquatic habitats and For feeding and overwintering the land habitats. There will be migrations between habitats, which are particularly
intense during the main spawning season in early spring Amphibians react quickly to changes in habitat and thus may be
important indicator species (bio-indicators).
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Fig. 8: Typsche Lebensräume der heimischen Amphibienarten, MAmS,2000
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Fire Salamander, Alpensalamandar, triton, newt, Fadanmolch, alpine newt, yellow-bellied, red-bellied toad, midwife toad, common toad, toad, toads, leaves Rosch, pond frog, Pool Frog, Marsh Frog, Frog, Moor Frog, Agile Frog
Fig. 9: Schematic diagram for vegetation poor waters, MAmS, 2000
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Fig. 10: Schematic diagram for vegetation rich waters, MAmS, 2000
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Fig. 11: Alignement of guide facility, MAms, 2000
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3. Amphibian protection Amphibians have declined in their inventory. Human intervention in nature and landscape, z. B. by draining
of wetlands, but also the road, are the cause of this development.
Negative effects on the biological balance is the result. Their absence or presence in habitats provides information on
faults or the state of the landscape.
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3. Amphibian protection The hazards are many: Roads lead to the destruction, segregation or degradation of
habitats. Road transport is responsible for significant losses of the migrating
amphibians. Measures for the protection of amphibians are therefore necessary The prevention of adverse effects has priority , since the restoration
of habitats has narrow limits. Crossing aids in the form of passageway systems are typical
measures to avoid or minimize the adverse effects on amphibians.
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https://www.tirol.gv.at/fileadmin/themen/umwelt/naturschutz/downloads/Foerderungen_Naturschutz/FHB_Tirol_Auflage3.pdf
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Fig. 12: Passage
26.04.23 21© 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
Fig. 13: Amphibian protection
Permanent protection Guid fances road closures
Quelle: www.marburg-op.de
Quelle: www.amphibienschutz.de
+ all year- high construction costs
+ Protection, detection- high personnel expenses
Quelle: www.amphibienschutz.de
+ Protective effect, effort- detours
Fig. 14: guiding shield, MamS, 2000
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3. Amphibian protection To determine the corridors between habitats, temporary fences
with fishing vessels should have to be used Prevention measures such as amphibians passages with their
guidance systems are also going to be used During the walking period, the animals are to be collected in
suitable containers and implement regular In the autumn migration of amphibians takes place to the winter
quarters The space-time bound migratory behavior varies depending on
the type
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Fig. 15: Catching crosses, MAmS, 2000
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Fig. 16: Barrier fences with catching vessels, MAmS, 2000
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3. 1 Amphibian protection systems on roads Protection systems are permanent facilities that prevent animals from
entering the roadway or to enable them to safely cross the street. Before permanent protection systems are set up, preparatory studies
are required to determine position, and dimensions of the passages and guidance to passages
Blocking devices have the task of keeping amphibians from the street. Guide facility in connection with amphibians fair passages serve to re-
crosslinking of amphibians part habitats. For safety, it must extend for at least 50 m laterally across the width of
the corridor.Their ends are U-shaped form, making it difficult to hike around
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3. 1 Amphibian protection systems on roads Closer spacing of the passages (30 m) The height of the barrier is at least 40 cm whilst jumping frogs at least 60
cm. Climbing protection on the upper edge of the blocking and guiding devices
is indispensable. The guide can be provided with a minimum of 20 cm wide obstacle free
tread without height offset and vegetation In the passage guiding shield is needed to prevent the passing of
amphibians A large opening is desirable also in view of its suitability for other animals
and easier maintenance. Preferably, box culverts are to be used
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Fig. 17: Blocking and guiding devices, MAmS, 200
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Fig. 18: Blocking and guiding devices, MAmS, 2000
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Fig. 19: Guiding shield, MamS, 2000
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4. Noise protection on roads The road as building itself makes no noise, but the vehicles
moving along it. through appropriate planning, the road can make a significant
contribution to preventing the traffic noise. The place of the outgoing noise is called emission, and the
place of acting with noise called immission The human ear is able to perceive an extremely wide spectrum
of different sound intensities. I0 = 10-12 W / m2 (hearing threshold) to I = 10 W / m2 (pain threshold).
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4. Noise protection on roads The sound intensity is not suitable as unitspan because of the
Exponential. For this reason, we used the auditory threshold I0 as a reference unit
forms the respective ratio I / I0 and only the logarithm of this ratio as a sound level (L).
Sound level L is actually dimensionless. However, it is stated in noise prediction in B (Bel). In order to arrive at a
finer scale, such as between 0 and 100, multiply the specified index number in B by a factor of 10 and receives the sound level L in dB.
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4. Noise protection on roads
Thus:
with L = sound level in dB (A)I = current sound intensity in W / m2I0 = sound intensity of hearing threshold = 10-12 W / m2
0
log*10IIL
4. 1 The maximum permissible noise exposure 16. BlmSchV- from 12.06.1990 - Ordinance shall apply The maximum permissible noise exposure for the construction
or substantial modification of roads and railways Only when a new building or a significant change has occurred
and thereby the IGW exceeded, noise prevention measures are imperative.
The situation is different when it is on an existing road traffic noise very much by the general increase in traffic.
In this case any remedial actions in the field of noise abatement is needed
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4. 1 The maximum permissible noise exposure However, for noise abatement in contrast to noise prevention no
obligation on the road responsible authorities. As evaluation framework, the current traffic load is used for
noise reduction measures For noise prevention the traffic forecasting over a period of 15 to
20 years is used. The maximum permissible noise exposure (IGW) are set
differently depending on the use (s. Fig. 20)
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26.04.23 36© 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
Area category
Noise prevention (after 16.BImSchV)
Day Night
Noise abatement (after VLärmSchR 97)
Day Night
Tag (6-22
Udayhr)
Nach22-6 Uhr)
Tag (6-22 Uhr)
Nacht (22-6 Uhr)
Hospitals, schools, convalescent homes and homes for the elderly 57 47 67 57
pure, general residential and small housing estates 59 49 67 57
Core areas, village and mixed 64 54 69 59
commercial areas 69 69 72 65
Tab. 1: The maximum permissible noise exposure
Lmt = distance 25m, car 100km / h, truck 80 km / h, then depending on DAT and truck percentage, mastic asphalt
Dv = correction for speeds DStrO = correction for road surface DSTG = correction for slope Ds = Sound level changes by distances Dbm = correction by soil damping Db = Sound level change through structural measures K = Supplement for intersections, parking
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4. 1 The maximum permissible noise exposure During the planning process of the road noise prevention is to be
considered as an integral part of the various planning stages. This can be done by planning, construction and / or traffic law
measures. Rout selection on the low-conflict corridors Enough distance to legitimate areas Arrangement of the main arteries in industrial and commercial used
areas If it can not be achieved by the above-mentioned measures and
maximum permissible noise exposure is exceeded, structural protection systems should be built on the street (active noise control at the emission).
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4. 1 The maximum permissible noise exposure Active noise control include: Noise protection embankment Noise protection walls The road between the absorbent retaining walls Tunnel Trees and Shrubs (lose leaves in winter) Noise-reducing pavement (whisper, drain, porous asphalt) Speed limits (from 80 to 60 km / h or from 50 to 30 km / h cause only
about 2 dB (A)) If along the road no active noise control can be constructed,
improving the sound at the immission itself (passive noise protection).
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26.04.23 40© 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
Fig. 20: Active noise prevention measures
Nois protection wall Wearing course -3dB Traffic planning
Quelle: www.forster.at Quelle: www.strassen-nrw.de
+ Protective effect- Optics, alternative measures
+ Protective effect- Durability
Quelle: www.führerschein24.net
+ high protective effect- not general solution
Thank you for your attention!
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