16 powerpoint ® lecture outlines prepared by dr. lana zinger, qcc cuny copyright © 2011 pearson...
TRANSCRIPT
16PowerPoint® Lecture Outlines prepared by Dr. Lana Zinger, QCCCUNY
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Savvy Health Care Consumerism
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Taking Responsibility for Your Health Care
Self-Help or Self-Care• Know your body.• Pay attention to body signals.• Take appropriate action to stop progression of illness or
injury.• Many common forms of self-care, including
• Diagnosing symptoms/conditions that occur frequently but don’t require a physician visit
• Using over-the-counter remedies
• Performing home health tests
• Learning minor first aid
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Taking Responsibility for Your Health Care
When to Seek Help• Recognize when a condition needs professional help• See a professional for conditions such as serious
accident or injury, adverse drug reactions, unexplained sudden weight loss, and any symptom that is unusual and recurs over time
• Home health tests for many conditions should not be a substitute for professional diagnosis and care
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Taking Responsibility for Your Health Care
Assessing Health Professionals• Identify what type of help you need and where to find it.• You should feel comfortable with your provider.• Your provider should explain diagnosis and treatment
options thoroughly and involve you in any patient care decisions.
• Be sure to understand coverage options.• Check certifications, affiliations, availability, and
whether provider shows respect and empathy for patient.
• Ask questions.
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Choosing Health Products
Prescription Drugs• Prescription drug use has risen by 25 percent over the
past decade.• 45 percent of Americans report taking at least one
prescription drug in the past month, while 18 percent report taking three or more.
• Generic drugs—medications sold under a chemical name rather than a brand name, and contain the same active ingredients as brand-name drugs but are less expensive
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Choosing Health Products
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs• Nonprescription substances used in the course of self
diagnosis and self-medication• The FDA has categorized 26 types of OTC preparations• Those most commonly used are analgesics; cold, cough,
allergy, and asthma relievers; stimulants; sleeping aids and relaxants; and dieting aids
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Common Over-the-Counter Drugs, Their Uses, and Potential Side Effects
Continued
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Common Over-the-Counter Drugs, Their Uses, and Potential Side Effects
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Choices in Medical Care
Conventional Western (allopathic) Medicine
• Primary care practitioners (PCPs)• Osteopaths• Ophthalmologists• Optometrists• Dentists
• Nurses• Nurse practitioners (NPs)• Physician’s assistant
(PAs)
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Health Insurance
• Insurance allows the patient to pay into a pool of funds and then the health care provider bills the insurance carrier for all or part of the heath care charges they incur.
• 46 million Americans are uninsured.• 25 million Americans between the ages of 19 and 65 are
estimated to be underinsured.• Many students are uninsured.
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Health Insurance
Private Health Insurance• Fee-for-service or indemnity• Deductibles, co-payments, and coinsurance• Preexisting condition clauses• Waiting periods• Lifetime limit
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Health Insurance
Managed Care• A network of physicians, hospitals, and other providers
and facilities linked contractually to deliver comprehensive health benefits
• A budget based on an estimate of the annual cost of delivering health care for a given population
• An established set of administrative rules requiring patients to follow the advice of participating providers
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Health Insurance
Medicare and Medicaid• Medicare covers 99 percent of adults over 65 years of
age.• Medicaid is a welfare program that includes people with
disabilities and children who do not have health care coverage.
• Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)
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Issues Facing Today’s Health Care System
Cost• The United States spends more than any other nation;
costs are over $2 trillion annually• Individuals with preexisting conditions, and those who
are self-employed often find themselves unable to find or afford health care.
• Health care expenditures are projected to grow by 6.2 percent each year, reaching over $4 trillion annually by 2018—nearly 20 percent of our projected gross domestic product (GDP).
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Issues Facing Today’s Health Care System
Factors for High Costs• Excess administrative costs• Duplication of services• Aging population• Growing rates of obesity and inactivity• Demand for new diagnostic and treatment technologies• Emphasis on crisis-oriented care• Inappropriate use of services by consumers
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Health Care Spending per Person, 2007 (in thousands of U.S. dollars)
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Issues Facing Today’s Health Care System
Access• Access to health care depends on many factors
• Supply of providers and facilities• Proximity to care• Health status• Ability to maneuver in the system• Insurance coverage
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Issues Facing Today’s Health Care System
Quality and Malpractice• Mechanisms for safety
• Education
• Licensure
• Certification/registration
• Accreditation
• Peer review
• Mistakes do happen, and deaths can occur because of medical errors.
• Outcome measurements access the quality of heath care at the individual level
Do you believe the U.S. health care system is safe?
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The Perils of Medical Waste
• Hospitals generate a substantial amount of medical and pharmaceutical waste.
• This can contaminate groundwater and surface water, and pollute oceans
• Pharmaceutical drugs have been detected in drinking water.
• Green ways to manage unused medications• Send your medicine to those in need.• Take your drugs back to the pharmacy.
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The Debate Over National Health Insurance
Proponents of Reform:• Health care should be available and affordable for
everyone.• Health care is a right, not a privilege.
Opponents of Reform:• The high cost of changing the system is more than the
United States can afford.• The government should not interfere with market
industry.
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The Debate over National Health Insurance
Critical Issues Many Americans feel:
• We are paying for the most expensive system in the world without obtaining full coverage.
• We pay for people who don’t have insurance.• Prevention and early treatment are not emphasized.
The Institute of Medicine, a nonpartisan organization, recommends a single-payer, tax-financed scheme.
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The Affordable Care Act of 2010
Health care rationing? Will it cost more? What are some important parts of the reform?
• Parent’s insurance until 26• No discrimination based on pre-existing conditions• Prohibits dropping coverage when people get sick• Covers preventive health services